101
|
Hunt KE, Lysiak NS, Robbins J, Moore MJ, Seton RE, Torres L, Buck CL. Multiple steroid and thyroid hormones detected in baleen from eight whale species. Conserv Physiol 2017; 5:cox061. [PMID: 29230292 PMCID: PMC5691779 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that some hormones are present in baleen powder from bowhead (Balaena mysticetus) and North Atlantic right (Eubalaena glacialis) whales. To test the potential generalizability of this technique for studies of stress and reproduction in large whales, we sought to determine whether all major classes of steroid and thyroid hormones are detectable in baleen, and whether these hormones are detectable in other mysticetes. Powdered baleen samples were recovered from single specimens of North Atlantic right, bowhead, blue (Balaenoptera [B.]musculus), sei (B. borealis), minke (B. acutorostrata), fin (B. physalus), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) and gray (Eschrichtius robustus) whales. Hormones were extracted with a methanol vortex method, after which we tested all species with commercial enzyme immunoassays (EIAs, Arbor Assays) for progesterone, testosterone, 17β-estradiol, cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine, representing a wide array of steroid and thyroid hormones of interest for whale physiology research. In total, 64 parallelism tests (8 species × 8 hormones) were evaluated to verify good binding affinity of the assay antibodies to hormones in baleen. We also tested assay accuracy, although available sample volume limited this test to progesterone, testosterone and cortisol. All tested hormones were detectable in baleen powder of all species, and all assays passed parallelism and accuracy tests. Although only single individuals were tested, the consistent detectability of all hormones in all species indicates that baleen hormone analysis is likely applicable to a broad range of mysticetes, and that the EIA kits tested here perform well with baleen extract. Quantification of hormones in baleen may be a suitable technique with which to explore questions that have historically been difficult to address in large whales, including pregnancy and inter-calving interval, age of sexual maturation, timing and duration of seasonal reproductive cycles, adrenal physiology and metabolic rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Hunt
- Biological Sciences & Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Corresponding author: Biological Sciences & Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff AZ 86011, USA. Tel (cell): +1-928-523-0634;
| | | | | | - Michael J Moore
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | | | - Leigh Torres
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | - C Loren Buck
- Biological Sciences & Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Guo R, Landis JB, Moore MJ, Meng A, Jian S, Yao X, Wang H. Development and Application of Transcriptome-Derived Microsatellites in Actinidia eriantha (Actinidiaceae). Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1383. [PMID: 28890721 PMCID: PMC5574902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Actinidia eriantha Benth. is a diploid perennial woody vine native to China and is recognized as a valuable species for commercial kiwifruit improvement with high levels of ascorbic acid as well as having been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Due to the lack of genomic resources for the species, microsatellite markers for population genetics studies are scarce. In this study, RNASeq was conducted on fruit tissue of A. eriantha, yielding 5,678,129 reads with a total output of 3.41 Gb. De novo assembly yielded 69,783 non-redundant unigenes (41.3 Mb), of which 21,730 were annotated using protein databases. A total of 8,658 EST-SSR loci were identified in 7,495 unigene sequences, for which primer pairs were successfully designed for 3,842 loci (44.4%). Among these, 183 primer pairs were assayed for PCR amplification, yielding 69 with detectable polymorphism in A. eriantha. Additionally, 61 of the 69 polymorphic loci could be successfully amplified in at least one other Actinidia species. Of these, 14 polymorphic loci (mean NA = 6.07 ± 2.30) were randomly selected for assessing levels of genetic diversity and population structure within A. eriantha. Finally, a neighbor-joining tree and Bayesian clustering analysis showed distinct clustering into two groups (K = 2), agreeing with the geographical distributions of these populations. Overall, our results will facilitate further studies of genetic diversity within A. eriantha and will aid in discriminating outlier loci involved in local adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jacob B. Landis
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, RiversideRiverside, CA, United States
| | - Michael J. Moore
- Department of Biology, Oberlin CollegeOberlin, OH, United States
| | - Aiping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Shuguang Jian
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Yao
| | - Hengchang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- Hengchang Wang
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Clipp EC, Moore MJ, George LK. The content and properties of the Caregiver Activities Time Survey (CATS): An outcome measure for use in clinical trial research on Alzheimer's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/153331759601100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The CaregiverActivities Time Survey (CATS) was developed in 1990, pilot tested and revised twice before its use in a long-term study of Mentaneo (velnacrine maleate), conducted by Hoechst Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc. (currently Hoechst Marion Roussel Pharmaceuticals). The instrument yields ratio level data and, by relying on caregivers' reports of minutes per task, is more objective and theoretically less ambiguous than other subjective ratings. Overall alpha of the informal scale is .51 suggesting modest internal consistency which is not surprising given that caregiving tasks are more discrete than items on scales presumed to tap one dimension. Test-retest reliability of individual items suggests good reproducibility of scores over a J0-week period Criterion-related validity was demonstrated by the strmng relationships shown between the CATS and several measures of cognitive functioning. Longitudinal data support the CATS'sensitivity to change in disease severity. Ratings by a panel of experts suggest very good to excellent content validity of both informal caregiving andformal or paid caregiving CATS scales
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Clipp
- Genratric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine and Centerffor the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael J. Moore
- The Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Linda K. George
- Department of Sociology, Center for the Study of Aging and Hman Development, Duke University Medical Center Durnam, North Calrolina
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Vickers MM, Lee C, Tu D, Wheatley-Price P, Parulekar W, Brundage MD, Moore MJ, Au H, O'Callaghan CJ, Jonker DJ, Ringash J, Goldstein D. Significance of baseline and change in quality of life scores in predicting clinical outcomes in an international phase III trial of advanced pancreatic cancer: NCIC CTG PA.3. Pancreatology 2016; 16:1106-1112. [PMID: 27600995 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is insufficient information regarding the prognostic significance of baseline and change in quality of life (QoL) scores on overall survival (OS) in advanced pancreatic cancer. METHODS QoL was assessed prospectively using the EORTC QLQ-C30 as part of the PA.3 trial of gemcitabine + erlotinib (G + E) vs. gemcitabine + placebo (G + P). Relevant variables and QoL scores at baseline and change at 8 weeks were analyzed by Cox stepwise regression to determine predictors of OS. RESULTS 222 of 285 patients (pts) treated with G + E and 220 of 284 pts treated with G + P completed baseline QoL assessments. In a multivariable Cox analysis combining all pts, better QoL physical functioning (PF) score independently predicted longer OS (HR 0.86; CI: 0.80-0.93), as did non-white race (HR 0.64; CI: 0.44-0.95), PS 0-1 (HR 0.65; CI: 0.50-0.85), locally advanced disease (HR 0.55; CI: 0.43-0.71) and G + E (HR 0.78; CI: 0.64-0.96). Improvement in physical function at week 8 also predicted for improved survival (HR 0.89; CI: 0.81-0.97 for 10 point increase in score, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION In addition to clinical variables, patient reported QoL scores at baseline and change from baseline to week 8 added incremental predictive information regarding survival for advanced pancreatic cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Vickers
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - C Lee
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - D Tu
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - W Parulekar
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - M J Moore
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Au
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - C J O'Callaghan
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - D J Jonker
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J Ringash
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Goldstein
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Horan PG, Kamaruddin MS, Moore MJ, McCarty D, Spence MS, McGlinchey PG, Murphy G, Jardine TCL, Patterson CC, McKeown PP. Cardiovascular disease risk profiles among ‘healthy’ siblings of patients with early-onset cardiovascular disease: application of the new SCORE system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 14:521-5. [PMID: 17667642 DOI: 10.1097/hjr.0b013e328011c493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurs more frequently in individuals with a family history of premature CVD. Within families the demographics of CVD are poorly described. Design We examined the risk estimation based on the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) system and the Joint British Guidelines (JBG) for older unaffected siblings of patients with premature CVD (onset ≤ 55 years for men and ≤ 60 years for women). Methods Between August 1999 and November 2003 laboratory and demographic details were collected on probands with early-onset CVD and their older unaffected siblings. Siblings were screened for clinically overt CVD by a standard questionnaire and 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Results A total of 790 siblings was identified and full demographic details were available for 645. The following siblings were excluded: 41 with known diabetes mellitus; seven with random plasma glucose of 11.1 mmol/l or greater; and eight with ischaemic ECG. Data were analysed for 589 siblings from 405 families. The mean age was 55.0 years, 43.1% were men and 28.7% were smokers. The mean total serum cholesterol was 5.8 mmol/l and hypertension was present in 49.4%. Using the SCORE system, when projected to age 60 years, 181 men (71.3%) and 67 women (20.0%) would be eligible for risk factor modification. Using JBG with a 10-year risk of 20% or greater, 42 men (16.5%) and four women (1.2%) would be targeted. Conclusions Large numbers of these asymptomatic individuals meet both European and British guidelines for the primary prevention of CVD and should be targeted for risk factor modification. The prevalence of individuals defined as eligible for treatment is much higher when using the SCORE system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Horan
- Regional Medical Cardiology Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
106
|
Abstract
Iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and molybdenum play important roles in mitochondrial biochemistry, serving to help catalyze reactions in numerous metalloenzymes. These metals are also found in labile "pools" within mitochondria. Although the composition and cellular function of these pools are largely unknown, they are thought to be comprised of nonproteinaceous low-molecular-mass (LMM) metal complexes. Many problems must be solved before these pools can be fully defined, especially problems stemming from the lability of such complexes. This lability arises from inherently weak coordinate bonds between ligands and metals. This is an advantage for catalysis and trafficking, but it makes characterization difficult. The most popular strategy for investigating such pools is to detect them using chelator probes with fluorescent properties that change upon metal coordination. Characterization is limited because of the inevitable destruction of the complexes during their detection. Moreover, probes likely react with more than one type of metal complex, confusing analyses. An alternative approach is to use liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). With help from a previous lab member, the authors recently developed an LC-ICP-MS approach to analyze LMM extracts from yeast and mammalian mitochondria. They detected several metal complexes, including Fe580, Fe1100, Fe1500, Cu5000, Zn1200, Zn1500, Mn1100, Mn2000, Co1200, Co1500, and Mo780 (numbers refer to approximate masses in daltons). Many of these may be used to metalate apo-metalloproteins as they fold inside the organelle. The LC-based approach also has challenges, e.g., in distinguishing artifactual metal complexes from endogenous ones, due to the fact that cells must be disrupted to form extracts before they are passed through chromatography columns prior to analysis. Ultimately, both approaches will be needed to characterize these intriguing complexes and to elucidate their roles in mitochondrial biochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Lindahl
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States
| | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Renouf DJ, Hedley D, Krzyzanowska MK, Schmuck M, Wang L, Moore MJ. A phase II study of the HSP90 inhibitor AUY922 in chemotherapy refractory advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:541-5. [PMID: 27422303 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AUY922 is a novel heat shock protein inhibitor with preclinical activity in pancreatic cancer. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy of AUY922 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer previously treated with chemotherapy. METHODS In this single-arm, Simon two-stage phase II trial, patients with metastatic or locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who had progressed on at least one line of chemotherapy and were of good performances status (ECOG 0 or 1) were treated with AUY922 at a dose of 70 mg/m(2) IV weekly. The primary endpoint was disease control rate (objective response and stable disease ≥16 weeks). RESULTS Twelve patients were accrued, all of whom received treatment. At least possibly related ≥grade 3 adverse events included fatigue (8 %) and AST elevation (8 %). Ten patients were evaluable for response with 1 (10 %) having stable disease and 9 (90 %) progressive disease. The median progression-free survival was 1.6 months, and the median overall survival was 2.9 months. CONCLUSIONS AUY922 was not associated with significant efficacy in previously treated patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Renouf
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z4E6, Canada.
| | - D Hedley
- University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M K Krzyzanowska
- University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Schmuck
- University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Wang
- University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M J Moore
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z4E6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
van der Hoop JM, Vanderlaan ASM, Cole TVN, Henry AG, Hall L, Mase-Guthrie B, Wimmer T, Moore MJ. Erratum to “Vessel Strikes to Large Whales Before and After the 2008 Ship Strike Rule”. Conserv Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Allison G. Henry
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service; NEFSC; Woods Hole MA 02543 USA
| | - Lanni Hall
- NOAA Fisheries Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office; Gloucester MA 01930 USA
| | | | - Tonya Wimmer
- Maritime Marine Animal Response Network, Marine Animal Response Society; Nova Scotia Museum; Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4J1 Canada
| | - Michael J. Moore
- Biology Department; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Woods Hole MA 02543 USA
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Fahlman A, van der Hoop J, Moore MJ, Levine G, Rocho-Levine J, Brodsky M. Estimating energetics in cetaceans from respiratory frequency: why we need to understand physiology. Biol Open 2016; 5:436-42. [PMID: 26988759 PMCID: PMC4890674 DOI: 10.1242/bio.017251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate estimation of field metabolic rates (FMR) in wild animals is a key component of bioenergetic models, and is important for understanding the routine limitations for survival as well as individual responses to disturbances or environmental changes. Several methods have been used to estimate FMR, including accelerometer-derived activity budgets, isotope dilution techniques, and proxies from heart rate. Counting the number of breaths is another method used to assess FMR in cetaceans, which is attractive in its simplicity and the ability to measure respiration frequency from visual cues or data loggers. This method hinges on the assumption that over time a constant tidal volume (VT) and O2 exchange fraction (ΔO2) can be used to predict FMR. To test whether this method of estimating FMR is valid, we measured breath-by-breath tidal volumes and expired O2 levels of bottlenose dolphins, and computed the O2 consumption rate (V̇O2) before and after a pre-determined duration of exercise. The measured V̇O2 was compared with three methods to estimate FMR. Each method to estimate V̇O2 included variable VT and/or ΔO2. Two assumption-based methods overestimated V̇O2 by 216-501%. Once the temporal changes in cardio-respiratory physiology, such as variation in VT and ΔO2, were taken into account, pre-exercise resting V̇O2 was predicted to within 2%, and post-exercise V̇O2 was overestimated by 12%. Our data show that a better understanding of cardiorespiratory physiology significantly improves the ability to estimate metabolic rate from respiratory frequency, and further emphasizes the importance of eco-physiology for conservation management efforts. Summary: Accounting for changes in tidal volume and gas exchange improves the ability to estimate field metabolic rate from respiratory frequency in cetaceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Fahlman
- Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA Oceanográfic, Research Department , Carrer Eduardo Primo Yúfera 1B, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - J van der Hoop
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - M J Moore
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - G Levine
- Dolphin Quest, Oahu, 5000 Kahala Ave, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA
| | - J Rocho-Levine
- Dolphin Quest, Oahu, 5000 Kahala Ave, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA
| | - M Brodsky
- V.M.D. Consulting, Miami, FL 33138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Hwang HW, Park CY, Goodarzi H, Fak JJ, Mele A, Moore MJ, Saito Y, Darnell RB. PAPERCLIP Identifies MicroRNA Targets and a Role of CstF64/64tau in Promoting Non-canonical poly(A) Site Usage. Cell Rep 2016; 15:423-35. [PMID: 27050522 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and precise annotation of 3' UTRs is critical for understanding how mRNAs are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Here, we describe a method, poly(A) binding protein-mediated mRNA 3' end retrieval by crosslinking immunoprecipitation (PAPERCLIP), that shows high specificity for mRNA 3' ends and compares favorably with existing 3' end mapping methods. PAPERCLIP uncovers a previously unrecognized role of CstF64/64tau in promoting the usage of a selected group of non-canonical poly(A) sites, the majority of which contain a downstream GUKKU motif. Furthermore, in the mouse brain, PAPERCLIP discovers extended 3' UTR sequences harboring functional miRNA binding sites and reveals developmentally regulated APA shifts, including one in Atp2b2 that is evolutionarily conserved in humans and results in the gain of a functional binding site of miR-137. PAPERCLIP provides a powerful tool to decipher post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs through APA in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Way Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA; New York Genome Center, 101 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - John J Fak
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Aldo Mele
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Michael J Moore
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yuhki Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Robert B Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA; New York Genome Center, 101 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Strohm EM, Moore MJ, Kolios MC. High resolution ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging of single cells. Photoacoustics 2016; 4:36-42. [PMID: 27114911 PMCID: PMC4833469 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
High resolution ultrasound and photoacoustic images of stained neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes from a blood smear were acquired using a combined acoustic/photoacoustic microscope. Photoacoustic images were created using a pulsed 532 nm laser that was coupled to a single mode fiber to produce output wavelengths from 532 nm to 620 nm via stimulated Raman scattering. The excitation wavelength was selected using optical filters and focused onto the sample using a 20× objective. A 1000 MHz transducer was co-aligned with the laser spot and used for ultrasound and photoacoustic images, enabling micrometer resolution with both modalities. The different cell types could be easily identified due to variations in contrast within the acoustic and photoacoustic images. This technique provides a new way of probing leukocyte structure with potential applications towards detecting cellular abnormalities and diseased cells at the single cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Strohm
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B1T8, Canada
| | - Michael J. Moore
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B1T8, Canada
| | - Michael C. Kolios
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B1T8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Sun Y, Moore MJ, Zhang S, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Zhao T, Meng A, Li X, Li J, Wang H. Phylogenomic and structural analyses of 18 complete plastomes across nearly all families of early-diverging eudicots, including an angiosperm-wide analysis of IR gene content evolution. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 96:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
114
|
Curley JL, Sklare SC, Bowser DA, Saksena J, Moore MJ, Chrisey DB. Isolated node engineering of neuronal systems using laser direct write. Biofabrication 2016; 8:015013. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/1/015013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
115
|
Fahlman A, Moore MJ, Trites AW, Rosen DAS, Haulena M, Waller N, Neale T, Yang M, Thom SR. Dive, food, and exercise effects on blood microparticles in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus): exploring a biomarker for decompression sickness. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R596-601. [PMID: 26843583 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00512.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies of stranded marine mammals indicate that exposure to underwater military sonar may induce pathophysiological responses consistent with decompression sickness (DCS). However, DCS has been difficult to diagnose in marine mammals. We investigated whether blood microparticles (MPs, measured as number/μl plasma), which increase in response to decompression stress in terrestrial mammals, are a suitable biomarker for DCS in marine mammals. We obtained blood samples from trained Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus, 4 adult females) wearing time-depth recorders that dove to predetermined depths (either 5 or 50 meters). We hypothesized that MPs would be positively related to decompression stress (depth and duration underwater). We also tested the effect of feeding and exercise in isolation on MPs using the same blood sampling protocol. We found that feeding and exercise had no effect on blood MP levels, but that diving caused MPs to increase. However, blood MP levels did not correlate with diving depth, relative time underwater, and presumed decompression stress, possibly indicating acclimation following repeated exposure to depth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fahlman
- Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, Texas; Oceanografíc Research Department, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 1B, Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael J Moore
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew W Trites
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David A S Rosen
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Haulena
- Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Nigel Waller
- Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Troy Neale
- Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Stephen R Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Lewis EM, Fant JB, Moore MJ, Hastings AP, Larson EL, Agrawal AA, Skogen KA. Microsatellites for Oenothera gayleana and O. hartwegii subsp. filifolia (Onagraceae), and their utility in section Calylophus. Appl Plant Sci 2016; 4:apps1500107. [PMID: 26949578 PMCID: PMC4760750 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Eleven nuclear and four plastid microsatellite markers were screened for two gypsum endemic species, Oenothera gayleana and O. hartwegii subsp. filifolia, and tested for cross-amplification in the remaining 11 taxa within Oenothera sect. Calylophus (Onagraceae). METHODS AND RESULTS Microsatellite markers were tested in two to three populations spanning the ranges of both O. gayleana and O. hartwegii subsp. filifolia. The nuclear microsatellite loci consisted of both di- and trinucleotide repeats with one to 17 alleles per population. Several loci showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which may be evidence of chromosomal rings. The plastid microsatellite markers identified one to seven haplotypes per population. The transferability of these markers was confirmed in all 11 taxa within Oenothera sect. Calylophus. CONCLUSIONS The microsatellite loci characterized here are the first developed and tested in Oenothera sect. Calylophus. These markers will be used to assess whether pollinator foraging distance influences population genetic parameters in predictable ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Lewis
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois 60022 USA
- Program in Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Jeremie B. Fant
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois 60022 USA
| | - Michael J. Moore
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio 44074 USA
| | - Amy P. Hastings
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Erica L. Larson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive HS104, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - Anurag A. Agrawal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Krissa A. Skogen
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois 60022 USA
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Booth M, Hill G, Moore MJ, Dalla D, Moore MG, Messenger A. The new Australian Primary Health Networks: how will they integrate public health and primary care? Public Health Res Pract 2016; 26:e2611603. [PMID: 26863166 DOI: 10.17061/phrp2611603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
On 1 July 2015, the Australian Government established 31 new Primary Health Networks (PHNs), following a review by its former Chief Medical Officer, John Horvath, of 61 Medicare Locals created under the previous Labor administration. The Horvath review recommended, among other things, that new, larger primary health organisations be established to reduce fragmentation of care by integrating and coordinating health services, supporting the role of general practice, and leveraging and administering health program funding. The two main objectives of the new PHNs, as stated on the Department of Health's website, are "increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of medical services for patients, particularly those at risk of poor health outcomes, and improving coordination of care to ensure patients receive the right care in the right place at the right time". Below are three viewpoints, commissioned for this primary health care themed issue of Public Health Research & Practice, from the Australian Government Department of Health, the Public Health Association of Australia and a Sydney-based PHN. We asked the authors to focus particularly on how the newly established networks might help to integrate public health within the primary health care landscape. Our authors have pointed out the huge overlap between public health and primary care and looked at evidence showing the great benefits for health systems of collaboration between the two. Challenges ahead include a possible government focus on delivery of 'frontline' medical services, which may come at the expense of population health, and the complexity of dealing with all primary health care stakeholders, including health professionals, Local Health Districts, nongovernment organisations, research institutions and local communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Booth
- Health Systems Policy Division, Strategic Policy and Innovation Group, Australian Government Department of Health, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Graham Hill
- Health Systems Policy Division, Strategic Policy and Innovation Group, Australian Government Department of Health, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael J Moore
- Public Health Association of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Danielle Dalla
- Public Health Association of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael G Moore
- Central and Eastern Sydney Primary Health Network, NSW, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Hunt KE, Lysiak NS, Moore MJ, Rolland RM. Longitudinal progesterone profiles in baleen from female North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) match known calving history. Conserv Physiol 2016; 4:cow014. [PMID: 27293762 PMCID: PMC4864594 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction of mysticete whales is difficult to monitor, and basic parameters, such as pregnancy rate and inter-calving interval, remain unknown for many populations. We hypothesized that baleen plates (keratinous strips that grow downward from the palate of mysticete whales) might record previous pregnancies, in the form of high-progesterone regions in the sections of baleen that grew while the whale was pregnant. To test this hypothesis, longitudinal baleen progesterone profiles from two adult female North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) that died as a result of ship strike were compared with dates of known pregnancies inferred from calf sightings and post-mortem data. We sampled a full-length baleen plate from each female at 4 cm intervals from base (newest baleen) to tip (oldest baleen), each interval representing ∼60 days of baleen growth, with high-progesterone areas then sampled at 2 or 1 cm intervals. Pulverized baleen powder was assayed for progesterone using enzyme immunoassay. The date of growth of each sampling location on the baleen plate was estimated based on the distance from the base of the plate and baleen growth rates derived from annual cycles of stable isotope ratios. Baleen progesterone profiles from both whales showed dramatic elevations (two orders of magnitude higher than baseline) in areas corresponding to known pregnancies. Baleen hormone analysis shows great potential for estimation of recent reproductive history, inter-calving interval and general reproductive biology in this species and, possibly, in other mysticete whales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E. Hunt
- Research Department, New England Aquarium, Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110, USA
- Corresponding author: Research Department, New England Aquarium, Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110, USA. Tel: +1 503 501 8380.
| | - Nadine S. Lysiak
- Research Department, New England Aquarium, Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110, USA
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | | | - Rosalind M. Rolland
- Research Department, New England Aquarium, Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Moore MJ, Ostry ME. Influence of Temperature and Humidity on the Viability of Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum Conidia. Plant Dis 2015; 99:1841-1846. [PMID: 30699513 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-14-0976-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Butternut canker, caused by the fungus Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum, primarily kills butternut (Juglans cinerea). Rain splash and local air currents are the primary means of conidia dispersal but that does not explain its long-distance spread and infection of isolated trees. Dispersal by insect or animal vectors or plant material likely necessitates the ability for conidia to tolerate drying for a period of time over variable temperature and humidity conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of temperature and humidity on conidial germination and survival of air-dried conidia. Conidia collected from 1-month-old cultures germinated on water agar over a wide range of temperatures (4 to 32°C) and were viable after brief periods at 36°C when returned to a lower temperature. Viability of air-dried conidia held on nylon membranes at various temperatures and humidities varied from less than a day at 28°C and 90% relative humidity (RH) to a mean of 15 days at 20°C and 80% RH. RH had the least effect on viability at 12°C, with conidia remaining viable for 7 days at most humidity levels tested. Conidia held at 100% RH began germinating on the membranes after 21 days. Conidia in a water suspension remained viable for 168 days at all temperatures tested. These results suggest that O. clavigignenti-juglandacearum conidia may remain viable on the surface of a vector or plant material and seed for over 2 weeks, given the proper conditions, or for much longer if in water or in an environment of saturated humidity. This potential may, in part, explain the frequent presence of the disease on isolated trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Moore
- Northern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, St. Paul, MN
| | - M E Ostry
- Northern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, St. Paul, MN
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Moore MJ, Scheel TKH, Luna JM, Park CY, Fak JJ, Nishiuchi E, Rice CM, Darnell RB. miRNA-target chimeras reveal miRNA 3'-end pairing as a major determinant of Argonaute target specificity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8864. [PMID: 26602609 PMCID: PMC4674787 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) act as sequence-specific guides for Argonaute (AGO) proteins, which mediate posttranscriptional silencing of target messenger RNAs. Despite their importance in many biological processes, rules governing AGO–miRNA targeting are only partially understood. Here we report a modified AGO HITS-CLIP strategy termed CLEAR (covalent ligation of endogenous Argonaute-bound RNAs)-CLIP, which enriches miRNAs ligated to their endogenous mRNA targets. CLEAR-CLIP mapped ∼130,000 endogenous miRNA–target interactions in mouse brain and ∼40,000 in human hepatoma cells. Motif and structural analysis define expanded pairing rules for over 200 mammalian miRNAs. Most interactions combine seed-based pairing with distinct, miRNA-specific patterns of auxiliary pairing. At some regulatory sites, this specificity confers distinct silencing functions to miRNA family members with shared seed sequences but divergent 3′-ends. This work provides a means for explicit biochemical identification of miRNA sites in vivo, leading to the discovery that miRNA 3′-end pairing is a general determinant of AGO binding specificity. microRNAs (miRNAs) act as sequence-specific guides for Argonaute (AGO) proteins. By using a modified AGO HITS-CLIP strategy that enriches miRNAs ligated to their endogenous mRNA targets, here the authors show that miRNA 3' end pairing is a general determinant of AGO binding specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Moore
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 226, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Troels K H Scheel
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph M Luna
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 226, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 226, New York, New York 10065, USA.,New York Genome Center, 101 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10013, USA
| | - John J Fak
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 226, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Eiko Nishiuchi
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Robert B Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 226, New York, New York 10065, USA.,New York Genome Center, 101 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10013, USA
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Kim HT, Kim JS, Moore MJ, Neubig KM, Williams NH, Whitten WM, Kim JH. Seven New Complete Plastome Sequences Reveal Rampant Independent Loss of the ndh Gene Family across Orchids and Associated Instability of the Inverted Repeat/Small Single-Copy Region Boundaries. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142215. [PMID: 26558895 PMCID: PMC4641739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier research has revealed that the ndh loci have been pseudogenized, truncated, or deleted from most orchid plastomes sequenced to date, including in all available plastomes of the two most species-rich subfamilies, Orchidoideae and Epidendroideae. This study sought to resolve deeper-level phylogenetic relationships among major orchid groups and to refine the history of gene loss in the ndh loci across orchids. The complete plastomes of seven orchids, Oncidium sphacelatum (Epidendroideae), Masdevallia coccinea (Epidendroideae), Sobralia callosa (Epidendroideae), Sobralia aff. bouchei (Epidendroideae), Elleanthus sodiroi (Epidendroideae), Paphiopedilum armeniacum (Cypripedioideae), and Phragmipedium longifolium (Cypripedioideae) were sequenced and analyzed in conjunction with all other available orchid and monocot plastomes. Most ndh loci were found to be pseudogenized or lost in Oncidium, Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedium, but surprisingly, all ndh loci were found to retain full, intact reading frames in Sobralia, Elleanthus and Masdevallia. Character mapping suggests that the ndh genes were present in the common ancestor of orchids but have experienced independent, significant losses at least eight times across four subfamilies. In addition, ndhF gene loss was correlated with shifts in the position of the junction of the inverted repeat (IR) and small single-copy (SSC) regions. The Orchidaceae have unprecedented levels of homoplasy in ndh gene presence/absence, which may be correlated in part with the unusual life history of orchids. These results also suggest that ndhF plays a role in IR/SSC junction stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Tae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jung Sung Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Michael J. Moore
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kurt M. Neubig
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Norris H. Williams
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - W. Mark Whitten
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joo-Hwan Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Ke S, Alemu EA, Mertens C, Gantman EC, Fak JJ, Mele A, Haripal B, Zucker-Scharff I, Moore MJ, Park CY, Vågbø CB, Kusśnierczyk A, Klungland A, Darnell JE, Darnell RB. A majority of m6A residues are in the last exons, allowing the potential for 3' UTR regulation. Genes Dev 2015; 29:2037-53. [PMID: 26404942 PMCID: PMC4604345 DOI: 10.1101/gad.269415.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ke et al. found that >70% of m6A residues are present in the 3′-most (last) exons, with a sharp rise within 150–400 nucleotides of the start of the last exon. This report also suggests a role of m6A modification in regulating proximal alternative polyA choice. We adapted UV CLIP (cross-linking immunoprecipitation) to accurately locate tens of thousands of m6A residues in mammalian mRNA with single-nucleotide resolution. More than 70% of these residues are present in the 3′-most (last) exons, with a very sharp rise (sixfold) within 150–400 nucleotides of the start of the last exon. Two-thirds of last exon m6A and >40% of all m6A in mRNA are present in 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs); contrary to earlier suggestions, there is no preference for location of m6A sites around stop codons. Moreover, m6A is significantly higher in noncoding last exons than in next-to-last exons harboring stop codons. We found that m6A density peaks early in the 3′ UTR and that, among transcripts with alternative polyA (APA) usage in both the brain and the liver, brain transcripts preferentially use distal polyA sites, as reported, and also show higher proximal m6A density in the last exons. Furthermore, when we reduced m6A methylation by knocking down components of the methylase complex and then examined 661 transcripts with proximal m6A peaks in last exons, we identified a set of 111 transcripts with altered (approximately two-thirds increased proximal) APA use. Taken together, these observations suggest a role of m6A modification in regulating proximal alternative polyA choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Ke
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Endalkachew A Alemu
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Diagnostics and Intervention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0027, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudia Mertens
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Emily Conn Gantman
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, New York 10013, USA
| | - John J Fak
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Aldo Mele
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Bhagwattie Haripal
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ilana Zucker-Scharff
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Michael J Moore
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, New York 10013, USA
| | - Cathrine Broberg Vågbø
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna Kusśnierczyk
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Diagnostics and Intervention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0027, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - James E Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Robert B Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, New York 10013, USA
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Brockington SF, Yang Y, Gandia-Herrero F, Covshoff S, Hibberd JM, Sage RF, Wong GKS, Moore MJ, Smith SA. Lineage-specific gene radiations underlie the evolution of novel betalain pigmentation in Caryophyllales. New Phytol 2015; 207:1170-80. [PMID: 25966996 PMCID: PMC4557044 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Betalain pigments are unique to the Caryophyllales and structurally and biosynthetically distinct from anthocyanins. Two key enzymes within the betalain synthesis pathway have been identified: 4,5-dioxygenase (DODA) that catalyzes the formation of betalamic acid and CYP76AD1, a cytochrome P450 gene that catalyzes the formation of cyclo-DOPA. We performed phylogenetic analyses to reveal the evolutionary history of the DODA and CYP76AD1 lineages and in the context of an ancestral reconstruction of pigment states we explored the evolution of these genes in relation to the complex evolution of pigments in Caryophylalles. Duplications within the CYP76AD1 and DODA lineages arose just before the origin of betalain pigmentation in the core Caryophyllales. The duplications gave rise to DODA-α and CYP76AD1-α isoforms that appear specific to betalain synthesis. Both betalain-specific isoforms were then lost or downregulated in the anthocyanic Molluginaceae and Caryophyllaceae. Our findings suggest a single origin of the betalain synthesis pathway, with neofunctionalization following gene duplications in the CYP76AD1 and DODA lineages. Loss of DODA-α and CYP76AD1-α in anthocyanic taxa suggests that betalain pigmentation has been lost twice in Caryophyllales, and exclusion of betalain pigments from anthocyanic taxa is mediated through gene loss or downregulation. [Correction added after online publication 13 May 2015: in the last two paragraphs of the Summary the gene name CYP761A was changed to CYP76AD1.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048, USA
| | - Fernando Gandia-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sarah Covshoff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Rowan F Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Gane K S Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH, 44074-1097, USA
| | - Stephen A Smith
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048, USA
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Smith SA, Moore MJ, Brown JW, Yang Y. Analysis of phylogenomic datasets reveals conflict, concordance, and gene duplications with examples from animals and plants. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:150. [PMID: 26239519 PMCID: PMC4524127 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of transcriptomic and genomic datasets for phylogenetic reconstruction has become increasingly common as researchers attempt to resolve recalcitrant nodes with increasing amounts of data. The large size and complexity of these datasets introduce significant phylogenetic noise and conflict into subsequent analyses. The sources of conflict may include hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting, or horizontal gene transfer, and may vary across the phylogeny. For phylogenetic analysis, this noise and conflict has been accommodated in one of several ways: by binning gene regions into subsets to isolate consistent phylogenetic signal; by using gene-tree methods for reconstruction, where conflict is presumed to be explained by incomplete lineage sorting (ILS); or through concatenation, where noise is presumed to be the dominant source of conflict. The results provided herein emphasize that analysis of individual homologous gene regions can greatly improve our understanding of the underlying conflict within these datasets. RESULTS Here we examined two published transcriptomic datasets, the angiosperm group Caryophyllales and the aculeate Hymenoptera, for the presence of conflict, concordance, and gene duplications in individual homologs across the phylogeny. We found significant conflict throughout the phylogeny in both datasets and in particular along the backbone. While some nodes in each phylogeny showed patterns of conflict similar to what might be expected with ILS alone, the backbone nodes also exhibited low levels of phylogenetic signal. In addition, certain nodes, especially in the Caryophyllales, had highly elevated levels of strongly supported conflict that cannot be explained by ILS alone. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that phylogenetic signal is highly variable in phylogenomic data sampled across related species and poses challenges when conducting species tree analyses on large genomic and transcriptomic datasets. Further insight into the conflict and processes underlying these complex datasets is necessary to improve and develop adequate models for sequence analysis and downstream applications. To aid this effort, we developed the open source software phyparts ( https://bitbucket.org/blackrim/phyparts ), which calculates unique, conflicting, and concordant bipartitions, maps gene duplications, and outputs summary statistics such as internode certainy (ICA) scores and node-specific counts of gene duplications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, S State St, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.
| | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, W Lorain St, Oberlin, 44074, OH, USA.
| | - Joseph W Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, S State St, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, S State St, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Catig GC, Figueroa S, Moore MJ. Experimental and computational models of neurite extension at a choice point in response to controlled diffusive gradients. J Neural Eng 2015; 12:046012. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/4/046012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
126
|
Abstract
Liquid chromatography was used with an online inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer to detect low-molecular-mass (LMM) transition metal complexes in mitochondria isolated from fermenting yeast cells, human Jurkat cells, and mouse brain and liver. These complexes constituted 20-40% of total mitochondrial Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu ions. The major LMM Mn complex in yeast mitochondria, called Mn1100, had a mass of ∼1100 Da and a concentration of ∼2 μM. Mammalian mitochondria contained a second Mn species with a mass of ∼2000 Da at a comparable concentration. The major Fe complex in mitochondria isolated from exponentially growing yeast cells had a mass of ∼580 Da; the concentration of Fe580 in mitochondria was ∼100 μM. When mitochondria were isolated from fermenting cells in postexponential phase, the mass of the dominant LMM Fe complex was ∼1100 Da. Upon incubation, the intensity of Fe1100 declined and that of Fe580 increased, suggesting that the two are interrelated. Mammalian mitochondria contained Fe580 and two other Fe species (Fe2000 and Fe1100) at concentrations of ∼50 μM each. The dominant LMM Zn species in mitochondria had a mass of ∼1200 Da and a concentration of ∼110 μM. Mammalian mitochondria contained a second major LMM Zn species at 1500 Da. The dominant LMM Cu species in yeast mitochondria had a mass of ∼5000 Da and a concentration in yeast mitochondria of ∼16 μM; Cu5000 was not observed in mammalian mitochondria. The dominant Co species in mitochondria, Co1200, had a concentration of 20 nM and was probably a cobalamin. Mammalian but not yeast mitochondria contained a LMM Mo species, Mo730, at a concentration of ∼1 μM. Increasing Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn concentrations 10-fold in the medium increased the concentration of the same element in the corresponding isolated mitochondria. Treatment with metal chelators confirmed that these LMM species were labile. The dominant S species at 1100 Da was not free glutathione or glutathione disulfide.
Collapse
|
127
|
Huval RM, Miller OH, Curley JL, Fan Y, Hall BJ, Moore MJ. Microengineered peripheral nerve-on-a-chip for preclinical physiological testing. Lab Chip 2015; 15:2221-32. [PMID: 25850799 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01513d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of advanced in vitro testing is a powerful tool to develop predictive cellular assays suitable for improving the high attrition rates of novel pharmaceutical compounds. A microscale, organotypic model of nerve tissue with physiological measures that mimic clinical nerve compound action potential (CAP) and nerve fiber density (NFD) tests may be more predictive of clinical outcomes, enabling a more cost-effective approach for selecting promising lead compounds with higher chances of late-stage success. However, the neurological architecture, physiology, and surrounding extracellular matrix are hard to mimic in vitro. Using a dual hydrogel construct and explants from rat embryonic dorsal root ganglia, the present study describes an in vitro method for electrophysiological recording of intra- and extra-cellular recordings using a spatially-controlled, microengineered sensory neural fiber tract. Specifically, these 3D neural cultures exhibit both structural and functional characteristics that closely mimic those of afferent sensory peripheral fibers found in vivo. Our dual hydrogel system spatially confines growth to geometries resembling nerve fiber tracts, allowing for a high density of parallel, fasciculated neural growth. Perhaps more importantly, outputs resembling clinically relevant test criteria, including the measurement of CAP and NFD are possible through our advanced model. Moreover, the 3D hydrogel constructs allow flexibility in incorporated cell type, geometric fabrication, and electrical manipulation, providing a viable assay for systematic culture, perturbation, and testing of biomimetic neural growth for mechanistic studies necessitating physiologically-relevant readouts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Huval
- Tulane University - Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
128
|
Brulé SY, Jonker DJ, Karapetis CS, O'Callaghan CJ, Moore MJ, Wong R, Tebbutt NC, Underhill C, Yip D, Zalcberg JR, Tu D, Goodwin RA. Location of colon cancer (right-sided versus left-sided) as a prognostic factor and a predictor of benefit from cetuximab in NCIC CO.17. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:1405-14. [PMID: 25979833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right- and left-sided colon cancers (RC, LC) differ with respect to biology, pathology and epidemiology. Previous data suggest a mortality difference between RC and LC. We examined if primary tumour side also predicts for outcome in chemotherapy refractory, metastatic colon cancer (MCC). We also compared RC versus LC as a predictor of efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition with cetuximab. METHODS Reanalyzing NCIC CO.17 trial (cetuximab versus best supportive care [BSC]), we coded the primary tumour side as RC (caecum to transverse colon) or LC (splenic flexure to rectosigmoid). The association between tumour side and baseline characteristics was assessed. Cox regression models determined factors affecting overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). RESULTS Patients with RC (150/399) had more poorly differentiated, mutant KRAS, mutated PIK3CA and wild-type BRAF tumours, fewer liver and lung metastases, and shorter interval between diagnosis and study entry. Among BSC patients, tumour side was not prognostic for PFS (hazard ratios (HR) 1.07 [0.79-1.44], p = 0.67) or OS (HR 0.96 [0.70-1.31], p = 0.78). Among wild-type KRAS patients, those with LC had significantly improved PFS when treated with cetuximab compared to BSC (median 5.4 versus 1.8 months, HR 0.28 [0.18-0.45], p < 0.0001), whereas those with RC did not (median 1.9 versus 1.9 months, HR 0.73 [0.42-1.27], p = 0.26), [interaction p = 0.002]. CONCLUSION In refractory MCC, tumour location within the colon is not prognostic, but is strongly predictive of PFS benefit from cetuximab therapy. Additional research is needed to understand the molecular differences between RC and LC and their interaction with EGFR inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Brulé
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - D J Jonker
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Canada
| | - C S Karapetis
- Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - M J Moore
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - R Wong
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - N C Tebbutt
- Austin Health and University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia
| | | | - D Yip
- Canberra and Calvary Hospitals, Canberra, Australia
| | - J R Zalcberg
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Tu
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Canada
| | - R A Goodwin
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Yang Y, Moore MJ, Brockington SF, Soltis DE, Wong GKS, Carpenter EJ, Zhang Y, Chen L, Yan Z, Xie Y, Sage RF, Covshoff S, Hibberd JM, Nelson MN, Smith SA. Dissecting Molecular Evolution in the Highly Diverse Plant Clade Caryophyllales Using Transcriptome Sequencing. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:2001-14. [PMID: 25837578 PMCID: PMC4833068 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many phylogenomic studies based on transcriptomes have been limited to “single-copy” genes due to methodological challenges in homology and orthology inferences. Only a relatively small number of studies have explored analyses beyond reconstructing species relationships. We sampled 69 transcriptomes in the hyperdiverse plant clade Caryophyllales and 27 outgroups from annotated genomes across eudicots. Using a combined similarity- and phylogenetic tree-based approach, we recovered 10,960 homolog groups, where each was represented by at least eight ingroup taxa. By decomposing these homolog trees, and taking gene duplications into account, we obtained 17,273 ortholog groups, where each was represented by at least ten ingroup taxa. We reconstructed the species phylogeny using a 1,122-gene data set with a gene occupancy of 92.1%. From the homolog trees, we found that both synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates in herbaceous lineages are up to three times as fast as in their woody relatives. This is the first time such a pattern has been shown across thousands of nuclear genes with dense taxon sampling. We also pinpointed regions of the Caryophyllales tree that were characterized by relatively high frequencies of gene duplication, including three previously unrecognized whole-genome duplications. By further combining information from homolog tree topology and synonymous distance between paralog pairs, phylogenetic locations for 13 putative genome duplication events were identified. Genes that experienced the greatest gene family expansion were concentrated among those involved in signal transduction and oxidoreduction, including a cytochrome P450 gene that encodes a key enzyme in the betalain synthesis pathway. Our approach demonstrates a new approach for functional phylogenomic analysis in nonmodel species that is based on homolog groups in addition to inferred ortholog groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Yang
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan
| | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Science Center K111, Oberlin, OH
| | - Samuel F Brockington
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida
| | - Gane Ka-Shu Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Eric J Carpenter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yong Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhixiang Yan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinlong Xie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rowan F Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Covshoff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew N Nelson
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen A Smith
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Khoshakhlagh P, Moore MJ. Photoreactive interpenetrating network of hyaluronic acid and Puramatrix as a selectively tunable scaffold for neurite growth. Acta Biomater 2015; 16:23-34. [PMID: 25617804 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The reconstruction of soft tissue, such as that which is found in the nervous system, is governed by the mechanical cues of the growth microenvironment. The complexity of the nervous system, particularly in cases of nerve repair and reconstruction, necessitates the development of facile high-throughput investigational tools. This study assesses the hypothesis that a mechanically tunable photoreactive interpenetrating network (IPN) of hyaluronic acid and Puramatrix can be manipulated in order to demonstrate that 3-D environmental stiffness influences neurite growth and proliferation. For these studies we employed photocrosslinkable glycidyl methacrylate hyaluronic acid (GMHA) and Puramatrix, a self-assembling peptide scaffold, leading to a structurally adjustable IPN system. Our in vitro model provides us with a simple, reproducible environment to generate different properties in a single specimen. Mechanically manipulated IPN systems with different degrees of methacrylation were fabricated using a dynamic mask projection photolithography apparatus and characterized. To gauge the impact of IPN stiffness on neurite outgrowth, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants were cultured in the hydrogels. We found that neurite outgrowth in 3-D was more likely to happen in an environment with a lesser degree of methacrylation, which corresponded to structures that were more compliant and more porous. Overall, tuning the mechanical behavior of our IPN systems led to statistically significant (p<0.05) differences in cellular growth and extension that warrants further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Khoshakhlagh
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 6823 St. Charles Ave., Lindy Boggs Bldg., Suite 500, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
| | - Michael J Moore
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 6823 St. Charles Ave., Lindy Boggs Bldg., Suite 500, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Moore MJ, Ostry ME, Hegeman AD, Martin AC. Inhibition of Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum by Juglans Species Bark Extracts. Plant Dis 2015; 99:401-408. [PMID: 30699704 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-14-0642-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and reliable technique is needed for identifying butternut trees (Juglans cinerea) with resistance to butternut canker. We investigated the potential of a bark extract bioassay to detect levels of resistance to Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum (Oc-j), the causal agent of butternut canker. Both reagent grade naphthoquinones and crude bark extracts of Juglans species inhibited germination of Oc-j conidia. A disc diffusion bioassay was used to study the level of inhibition by these bark extracts and results indicated extensive variation within and between butternut and other species of Juglans tested. In many months over a 3 year period, bark from butternut trees selected for apparent disease resistance could be distinguished from that of unselected trees. Inhibition of conidia germination roughly correlated to the level of resistance observed in field inoculations of the trees. Quantification of the naphthoquinone compounds juglone and plumbagin in butternut bark was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. While the concentrations of these two compounds varied by month and by individual tree, juglone levels correlated well with the bark extract bioassay in some months. These results suggest that juglone concentration may account in part for the observed range of inhibition observed in the bioassay and variation in canker resistance among selections of butternut field inoculated with Oc-j. The bark extract bioassay described in the following report may have potential use for selecting resistant butternut for conservation and restoration purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Moore
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, St. Paul, MN
| | - M E Ostry
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, St. Paul, MN
| | - A D Hegeman
- Department of Horticulture, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| | - A C Martin
- Department of Horticulture, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Fuchs CS, Azevedo S, Okusaka T, Van Laethem JL, Lipton LR, Riess H, Szczylik C, Moore MJ, Peeters M, Bodoky G, Ikeda M, Melichar B, Nemecek R, Ohkawa S, Świeboda-Sadlej A, Tjulandin SA, Van Cutsem E, Loberg R, Haddad V, Gansert JL, Bach BA, Carrato A. A phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ganitumab or placebo in combination with gemcitabine as first-line therapy for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: the GAMMA trial. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:921-927. [PMID: 25609246 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This double-blind, phase 3 study assessed the efficacy and safety of ganitumab combined with gemcitabine as first-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned 2 : 2 : 1 to receive intravenous gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) (days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle) plus placebo, ganitumab 12 mg/kg, or ganitumab 20 mg/kg (days 1 and 15 of each cycle). The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), safety, and efficacy by levels of circulating biomarkers. RESULTS Overall, 322 patients were randomly assigned to placebo, 318 to ganitumab 12 mg/kg, and 160 to ganitumab 20 mg/kg. The study was stopped based on results from a preplanned futility analysis; the final results are reported. Median OS was 7.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.3-8.2] in the placebo arm, 7.0 months (95% CI, 6.2-8.5) in the ganitumab 12-mg/kg arm [hazard ratio (HR), 1.00; 95% CI, 0.82-1.21; P = 0.494], and 7.1 months (95% CI, 6.4-8.5) in the ganitumab 20-mg/kg arm (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.76-1.23; P = 0.397). Median PFS was 3.7, 3.6 (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.84-1.20; P = 0.520), and 3.7 months (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.77-1.22; P = 0.403), respectively. No unexpected toxicity was observed with ganitumab plus gemcitabine. The circulating biomarkers assessed [insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-binding protein-2, and -3] were not associated with a treatment effect on OS or PFS by ganitumab. CONCLUSION Ganitumab combined with gemcitabine had manageable toxicity but did not improve OS, compared with gemcitabine alone in unselected patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01231347.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology/Solid Tumor Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA.
| | - S Azevedo
- Oncology Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - T Okusaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J-L Van Laethem
- Department of Gastroenterology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L R Lipton
- Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - H Riess
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Szczylik
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Health Services, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M J Moore
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Peeters
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegum, Belgium
| | - G Bodoky
- Department of Oncology, St László Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Ikeda
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - B Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc
| | - R Nemecek
- Department of Oncology, Masaryk University Medical School and Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Ohkawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - A Świeboda-Sadlej
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S A Tjulandin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Van Cutsem
- Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg/Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Loberg
- Medical Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, USA
| | - V Haddad
- Global Biostatistical Science, Amgen Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - B A Bach
- Development Oncology Therapeutics, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, USA
| | - A Carrato
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
García-Párraga D, Crespo-Picazo JL, de Quirós YB, Cervera V, Martí-Bonmati L, Díaz-Delgado J, Arbelo M, Moore MJ, Jepson PD, Fernández A. Decompression sickness ('the bends') in sea turtles. Dis Aquat Organ 2014; 111:191-205. [PMID: 25320032 DOI: 10.3354/dao02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Decompression sickness (DCS), as clinically diagnosed by reversal of symptoms with recompression, has never been reported in aquatic breath-hold diving vertebrates despite the occurrence of tissue gas tensions sufficient for bubble formation and injury in terrestrial animals. Similarly to diving mammals, sea turtles manage gas exchange and decompression through anatomical, physiological, and behavioral adaptations. In the former group, DCS-like lesions have been observed on necropsies following behavioral disturbance such as high-powered acoustic sources (e.g. active sonar) and in bycaught animals. In sea turtles, in spite of abundant literature on diving physiology and bycatch interference, this is the first report of DCS-like symptoms and lesions. We diagnosed a clinico-pathological condition consistent with DCS in 29 gas-embolized loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta from a sample of 67. Fifty-nine were recovered alive and 8 had recently died following bycatch in trawls and gillnets of local fisheries from the east coast of Spain. Gas embolization and distribution in vital organs were evaluated through conventional radiography, computed tomography, and ultrasound. Additionally, positive response following repressurization was clinically observed in 2 live affected turtles. Gas embolism was also observed postmortem in carcasses and tissues as described in cetaceans and human divers. Compositional gas analysis of intravascular bubbles was consistent with DCS. Definitive diagnosis of DCS in sea turtles opens a new era for research in sea turtle diving physiology, conservation, and bycatch impact mitigation, as well as for comparative studies in other air-breathing marine vertebrates and human divers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D García-Párraga
- Oceanografic, Veterinary Services, Parques Reunidos Valencia, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 1B, 46013 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
134
|
Abstract
The direct effect of guidance cues on developing and regenerating axons in vivo is not fully understood, as the process involves a multiplicity of attractive and repulsive signals, presented both as soluble and membrane-bound ligands. A better understanding of axon guidance is critical to functional recovery following injury to the nervous system through improved outgrowth and mapping of damaged nerves. Due to their implications as inhibitors to central nervous system regeneration, we investigated the repulsive properties of semaphorin 6A and ephrin-B3 on E15 rat dorsal root ganglion explants, as well as possible interactions with soluble gradients of chemoattractive nerve growth factor (NGF). We employed a 3D biomimetic in vitro choice point model, which enabled the simple and rapid preparation of patterned gel growth matrices with quantifiable presentation of guidance cues in a specifiable manner that resembles the in vivo presentation of soluble and/or immobilized ligands. Neurites demonstrated an inhibitory response to immobilized Sema6A by lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion explants, while no such repulsion was observed for immobilized ephrin-B3 by explants at any spinal level. Interestingly, Sema6A inhibition could be partially attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner through the simultaneous presentation of soluble NGF gradients. The in vitro model described herein represents a versatile and valuable investigative tool in the quest for understanding developmental processes and improving regeneration following nervous system injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lowry Curley
- Lindy Boggs Bldg., Suite 500, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Gary C. Catig
- Lindy Boggs Bldg., Suite 500, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Elaine L. Horn-Ranney
- Lindy Boggs Bldg., Suite 500, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Michael J. Moore
- Lindy Boggs Bldg., Suite 500, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Nakano T, Suda T, Okaie Y, Moore MJ, Vasilakos AV. Molecular Communication Among Biological Nanomachines: A Layered Architecture and Research Issues. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2014; 13:169-97. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2014.2316674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
136
|
Aglietta M, Barone C, Sawyer MB, Moore MJ, Miller WH, Bagalà C, Colombi F, Cagnazzo C, Gioeni L, Wang E, Huang B, Fly KD, Leone F. A phase I dose escalation trial of tremelimumab (CP-675,206) in combination with gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:1750-1755. [PMID: 24907635 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tremelimumab (CP-675,206) is a fully human monoclonal antibody binding to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) on T cells that stimulates the immune system by blocking the CTLA4-negative regulatory signal. Combination with standard chemotherapy may strengthen antitumor therapy. This is a phase Ib, multisite, open-label, nonrandomized dose escalation trial evaluating the safety, tolerability, and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of tremelimumab combined with gemcitabine in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Gemcitabine (1000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycles) was administrated with escalating doses of i.v. tremelimumab (6, 10, or 15 mg/kg) on day 1 of each 84-day cycle for a maximum of 4 cycles. The first 18 patients had an initial 4-week gemcitabine-only lead-in period. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) related to tremelimumab were evaluated during the first 6 weeks after the first dose of tremelimumab. RESULTS From June 2008 to August 2011, 34 patients were enrolled and received at least one dose of tremelimumab. No DLTs related to tremelimumab were observed at any dose, even when the maximum dose established for tremelimumab (15 mg/kg) was used. Most frequent grade 3/4 toxicities were asthenia (11.8%) and nausea (8.8%). Only one patient had a serious drug-related event (diarrhea with dehydration). The median overall survival was 7.4 months (95% confidence interval 5.8-9.4 months). At the end of treatment, two patients achieved partial response. Both patients received tremelimumab 15-mg/kg group (n = 2/19, 10.5%). CONCLUSION Tremelimumab plus gemcitabine demonstrated a safety and tolerability profile, warranting further study in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. CLINICALTRIALSGOV ID NCT00556023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Aglietta
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Turin.
| | - C Barone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - M B Sawyer
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton
| | - M J Moore
- Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - W H Miller
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - C Bagalà
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - F Colombi
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Turin
| | - C Cagnazzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Turin
| | - L Gioeni
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Turin
| | - E Wang
- Pfizer Oncology Global Research and Development, Groton, USA
| | - B Huang
- Pfizer Oncology Global Research and Development, Groton, USA
| | - K D Fly
- Pfizer Oncology Global Research and Development, Groton, USA
| | - F Leone
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Turin
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Moore MJ. Game changers. Another revolution in heart attack treatment. Ulster Med J 2014; 83:205-6. [PMID: 25484468 PMCID: PMC4255844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
138
|
Golan T, Kanji ZS, Epelbaum R, Devaud N, Dagan E, Holter S, Aderka D, Paluch-Shimon S, Kaufman B, Gershoni-Baruch R, Hedley D, Moore MJ, Friedman E, Gallinger S. Overall survival and clinical characteristics of pancreatic cancer in BRCA mutation carriers. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1132-8. [PMID: 25072261 PMCID: PMC4453851 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The BRCA1/2 proteins are involved in regulation of cellular proliferation by DNA damage repair via homologous recombination. Therefore, BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with pancreatic cancer may have distinct biologic outcomes. Methods: Patients with BRCA1/2-associated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) diagnosed between January 1994 and December 2012 were identified from databases at three participating institutions. Clinical data were collected. Disease-free survival and overall survival (OS) were analysed. Results: Overall, 71 patients with PDAC and BRCA1 (n=21), BRCA2 (n=49) or both (n=1) mutations were identified. Mean age at diagnosis was 60.3 years (range 33–83), 81.7% (n=58) had any family history of malignancy; 30% (n=21) underwent primary resection. Out of 71 participants, 12 received experimental therapy; one patient had missing data, these 13 cases were excluded from OS analysis. Median OS for 58 patients was 14 months (95% CI 10–23 months). Median OS for patients with stage 1/2 disease has not been reached with 52% still alive at 60 months. Median OS for stage 3/4 was 12 months (95% CI 6–15). Superior OS was observed for patients with stage 3/4 treated with platinum vs those treated with non-platinum chemotherapies (22 vs 9 months; P=0.039). Conclusion: Superior OS was observed for advanced-disease BRCA-associated PDAC with platinum exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Golan
- 1] The Oncology Institute the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel [2] The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Z S Kanji
- 1] Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Epelbaum
- 1] Department of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel [2] Technion, Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - N Devaud
- 1] Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Dagan
- 1] Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel [2] Institute of Human Genetics, Rambam Health Care Campus, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - S Holter
- 1] Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Aderka
- 1] The Oncology Institute the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel [2] The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Paluch-Shimon
- 1] The Oncology Institute the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel [2] The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - B Kaufman
- 1] The Oncology Institute the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel [2] The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - R Gershoni-Baruch
- 1] Technion, Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel [2] Institute of Human Genetics, Rambam Health Care Campus, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - D Hedley
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M J Moore
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Friedman
- 1] The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel [2] The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - S Gallinger
- 1] Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Moore CD, Crocker DE, Fahlman A, Moore MJ, Willoughby DS, Robbins KA, Kanatous SB, Trumble SJ. Ontogenetic changes in skeletal muscle fiber type, fiber diameter and myoglobin concentration in the Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris). Front Physiol 2014; 5:217. [PMID: 24959151 PMCID: PMC4050301 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) (NES) are known to be deep, long-duration divers and to sustain long-repeated patterns of breath-hold, or apnea. Some phocid dives remain within the bounds of aerobic metabolism, accompanied by physiological responses inducing lung compression, bradycardia, and peripheral vasoconstriction. Current data suggest an absence of type IIb fibers in pinniped locomotory musculature. To date, no fiber type data exist for NES, a consummate deep diver. In this study, NES were biopsied in the wild. Ontogenetic changes in skeletal muscle were revealed through succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) based fiber typing. Results indicated a predominance of uniformly shaped, large type I fibers and elevated myoglobin (Mb) concentrations in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of adults. No type II muscle fibers were detected in any adult sampled. This was in contrast to the juvenile animals that demonstrated type II myosin in Western Blot analysis, indicative of an ontogenetic change in skeletal muscle with maturation. These data support previous hypotheses that the absence of type II fibers indicates reliance on aerobic metabolism during dives, as well as a depressed metabolic rate and low energy locomotion. We also suggest that the lack of type IIb fibers (adults) may provide a protection against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury in vasoconstricted peripheral skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colby D Moore
- Department of Biology, Baylor University Waco, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Fahlman
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - Shane B Kanatous
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
Renouf DJ, Tang PA, Hedley D, Chen E, Kamel-Reid S, Tsao MS, Tran-Thanh D, Gill S, Dhani N, Au HJ, Wang L, Moore MJ. A phase II study of erlotinib in gemcitabine refractory advanced pancreatic cancer. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1909-15. [PMID: 24857345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erlotinib induced skin toxicity has been associated with clinical benefit in several tumour types. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy of erlotinib, dose escalated to rash, in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer previously treated with gemcitabine. METHODS Erlotinib was given at an initial dose of 150 mg/day, and the dose was escalated by 50mg every 2 weeks (to a maximum of 300 mg/day) until >grade 1 rash or other dose limiting toxicities occurred. Erlotinib pharmacokinetics were performed, and baseline tumour tissue was collected for mutational analysis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. The primary end-point was the disease control rate (objective response and stable disease >8 weeks). RESULTS Fifty-one patients were accrued, and 49 received treatment. Dose-escalation to 200-300 mg of erlotinib was possible in 9/49 (18%) patients. The most common ⩾ grade 3 adverse events included fatigue (6%), rash (4%) and diarrhoea (4%). Thirty-seven patients were evaluable for response, and the best response was stable disease in 12 patients (32% (95% confidence interval (CI) 17-47%)). Disease control was observed in nine patients (24% (95% CI: 10-38%)). Median survival was 3.8 months, and 6 month overall survival rate was 32% (95% CI 19-47%). Mutational analysis and EGFR expression were performed on 29 patients, with 93% having KRAS mutations, none having EGFR mutations, and 86% expressing EGFR. Neither KRAS mutational status nor EGFR expression was associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS Erlotinib dose escalated to rash was well tolerated but not associated with significant efficacy in non-selected patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Renouf
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - P A Tang
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - D Hedley
- University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Chen
- University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Kamel-Reid
- University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M S Tsao
- University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Tran-Thanh
- University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Gill
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - N Dhani
- University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H J Au
- Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L Wang
- University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M J Moore
- University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Cockrell A, McCormick SP, Moore MJ, Chakrabarti M, Lindahl PA. Mössbauer, EPR, and modeling study of iron trafficking and regulation in Δccc1 and CCC1-up Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemistry 2014; 53:2926-40. [PMID: 24785783 PMCID: PMC4025571 DOI: 10.1021/bi500002n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Strains lacking and overexpressing
the vacuolar iron (Fe) importer CCC1 were characterized
using Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopies.
Vacuolar Fe import is impeded in Δccc1 cells
and enhanced in CCC1-up cells, causing vacuolar Fe
in these strains to decline and accumulate, respectively, relative
to WT cells. Cytosolic Fe levels should behave oppositely. The Fe
content of Δccc1 cells grown under low-Fe conditions
was similar to that in WT cells. Most Fe was mitochondrial with some
nonheme high spin (NHHS) FeII present. Δccc1 cells grown with increasing Fe concentration in the medium contained
less total Fe, less vacuolar HS FeIII, and more NHHS FeII than in comparable WT cells. As the Fe concentration in
the growth medium increased, the concentration of HS FeIII in Δccc1 cells increased to just 60% of WT
levels, while NHHS FeII increased to twice WT levels, suggesting
that the NHHS FeII was cytosolic. Δccc1 cells suffered more oxidative damage than WT cells, suggesting that
the accumulated NHHS FeII promoted Fenton chemistry. The
Fe concentration in CCC1-up cells was higher than
in WT cells; the extra Fe was present as NHHS FeII and
FeIII and as FeIII oxyhydroxide nanoparticles.
These cells contained less mitochondrial Fe and exhibited less ROS
damage than Δccc1 cells. CCC1-up cells were adenine-deficient on minimal medium; supplementing with
adenine caused a decline of NHHS FeII suggesting that some
of the NHHS FeII that accumulated in these cells was associated
with adenine deficiency rather than the overexpression of CCC1. A mathematical model was developed that simulated
changes in Fe distributions. Simulations suggested that only a modest
proportion of the observed NHHS FeII in both strains was
the cytosolic form of Fe that is sensed by the Fe import regulatory
system. The remainder is probably generated by the reduction of the
vacuolar NHHS FeIII species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Cockrell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
van der Hoop JM, Vanderlaan ASM, Cole TVN, Henry AG, Hall L, Mase-Guthrie B, Wimmer T, Moore MJ. Vessel Strikes to Large Whales Before and After the 2008 Ship Strike Rule. Conserv Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Allison G. Henry
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service; NEFSC; Woods Hole MA 02543 USA
| | - Lanni Hall
- NOAA Fisheries Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office; Gloucester MA 01930 USA
| | | | - Tonya Wimmer
- Maritime Marine Animal Response Network; Marine Animal Response Society; Nova Scotia Museum; Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4J1 Canada
| | - Michael J. Moore
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Woods Hole MA 02543 USA
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Moore MJ, Zhang C, Gantman EC, Mele A, Darnell JC, Darnell RB. Mapping Argonaute and conventional RNA-binding protein interactions with RNA at single-nucleotide resolution using HITS-CLIP and CIMS analysis. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:263-93. [PMID: 24407355 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The identification of sites where RNA-binding proteins (RNABPs) interact with target RNAs opens the door to understanding the vast complexity of RNA regulation. UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) is a transformative technology in which RNAs purified from in vivo cross-linked RNA-protein complexes are sequenced to reveal footprints of RNABP:RNA contacts. CLIP combined with high-throughput sequencing (HITS-CLIP) is a generalizable strategy to produce transcriptome-wide maps of RNA binding with higher accuracy and resolution than standard RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) profiling or purely computational approaches. The application of CLIP to Argonaute proteins has expanded the utility of this approach to mapping binding sites for microRNAs and other small regulatory RNAs. Finally, recent advances in data analysis take advantage of cross-link-induced mutation sites (CIMS) to refine RNA-binding maps to single-nucleotide resolution. Once IP conditions are established, HITS-CLIP takes ∼8 d to prepare RNA for sequencing. Established pipelines for data analysis, including those for CIMS, take 3-4 d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Moore
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA. [2]
| | - Chaolin Zhang
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA. [2] [3]
| | - Emily Conn Gantman
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aldo Mele
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer C Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert B Darnell
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA. [2]
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Drew BT, Ruhfel BR, Smith SA, Moore MJ, Briggs BG, Gitzendanner MA, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. Another Look at the Root of the Angiosperms Reveals a Familiar Tale. Syst Biol 2014; 63:368-82. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syt108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
145
|
Uribe-Convers S, Duke JR, Moore MJ, Tank DC. A long PCR-based approach for DNA enrichment prior to next-generation sequencing for systematic studies. Appl Plant Sci 2014. [PMID: 25202592 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kc75n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY We present an alternative approach for molecular systematic studies that combines long PCR and next-generation sequencing. Our approach can be used to generate templates from any DNA source for next-generation sequencing. Here we test our approach by amplifying complete chloroplast genomes, and we present a set of 58 potentially universal primers for angiosperms to do so. Additionally, this approach is likely to be particularly useful for nuclear and mitochondrial regions. • METHODS AND RESULTS Chloroplast genomes of 30 species across angiosperms were amplified to test our approach. Amplification success varied depending on whether PCR conditions were optimized for a given taxon. To further test our approach, some amplicons were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000. • CONCLUSIONS Although here we tested this approach by sequencing plastomes, long PCR amplicons could be generated using DNA from any genome, expanding the possibilities of this approach for molecular systematic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Uribe-Convers
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 3051, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3051 USA ; College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 USA
| | - Justin R Duke
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 USA
| | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Science Center K111, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, Ohio 44074-1097 USA
| | - David C Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 3051, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3051 USA ; College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 USA
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
van der Hoop JM, Fahlman A, Hurst T, Rocho-Levine J, Shorter KA, Petrov V, Moore MJ. Bottlenose dolphins modify behavior to reduce metabolic effect of tag attachment. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:4229-36. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.108225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Attaching bio-telemetry or -logging devices ('tags') to marine animals for research and monitoring adds drag to streamlined bodies, affecting posture, swimming gaits and energy balance. These costs have never been measured in free-swimming cetaceans. To examine the effect of drag from a tag on metabolic rate, cost of transport, and swimming behavior, four captive male dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were trained to swim a set course, either non-instrumented (n = 7) or instrumented with a tag (DTAG2; n = 12), and surface exclusively in a flow-through respirometer where oxygen consumption (V̇O2) and carbon dioxide production (V̇CO2; mL kg-1 min-1) rates were measured and respiratory exchange ratio (V̇O2/V̇CO2) was calculated. Tags did not significantly affect individual mass-specific oxygen consumption, Physical Activity Ratios (exercise V̇O2/resting V̇O2), total or net cost of transport (COT, J m-1 kg-1) or locomotor costs during swimming or two-minute recovery phases. However, individuals swam significantly slower when tagged (by ~11%; mean±s.d. 3.31±0.35 m s-1) compared to when non-instrumented (3.73±0.41 m s-1). A combined theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model estimating drag forces and power exertion during swimming suggests drag loading and energy consumption are reduced at lower swimming speeds. Bottlenose dolphins in the specific swimming task in this experiment slowed to the point where the tag yielded no increases in drag or power, while showing no difference in metabolic parameters when instrumented with a DTAG2. These results, and our observations, suggest that animals modify their behavior to maintain metabolic output and energy expenditure when faced with tag-induced drag.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Hurst
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
147
|
Horn-Ranney EL, Khoshakhlagh P, Kaiga JW, Moore MJ. Light-reactive dextran gels with immobilized guidance cues for directed neurite growth in 3D models. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1450-1459. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized NT-3 enhanced DRG neurite growth while Sema3A strongly repelled it, versus neutravidin controls, in a hydrogel choice point model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julie W. Kaiga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Tulane University
- New Orleans, USA
| | - Michael J. Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Tulane University
- New Orleans, USA
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Uribe-Convers S, Duke JR, Moore MJ, Tank DC. A long PCR-based approach for DNA enrichment prior to next-generation sequencing for systematic studies. Appl Plant Sci 2014; 2:apps1300063. [PMID: 25202592 PMCID: PMC4104715 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY We present an alternative approach for molecular systematic studies that combines long PCR and next-generation sequencing. Our approach can be used to generate templates from any DNA source for next-generation sequencing. Here we test our approach by amplifying complete chloroplast genomes, and we present a set of 58 potentially universal primers for angiosperms to do so. Additionally, this approach is likely to be particularly useful for nuclear and mitochondrial regions. • METHODS AND RESULTS Chloroplast genomes of 30 species across angiosperms were amplified to test our approach. Amplification success varied depending on whether PCR conditions were optimized for a given taxon. To further test our approach, some amplicons were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000. • CONCLUSIONS Although here we tested this approach by sequencing plastomes, long PCR amplicons could be generated using DNA from any genome, expanding the possibilities of this approach for molecular systematic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Uribe-Convers
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 3051, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3051 USA
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 USA
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Justin R. Duke
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 USA
| | - Michael J. Moore
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Science Center K111, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, Ohio 44074-1097 USA
| | - David C. Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 3051, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3051 USA
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 USA
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Bernaldo de Quirós Y, Seewald JS, Sylva SP, Greer B, Niemeyer M, Bogomolni AL, Moore MJ. Compositional discrimination of decompression and decomposition gas bubbles in bycaught seals and dolphins. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83994. [PMID: 24367623 PMCID: PMC3868626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas bubbles in marine mammals entangled and drowned in gillnets have been previously described by computed tomography, gross examination and histopathology. The absence of bacteria or autolytic changes in the tissues of those animals suggested that the gas was produced peri- or post-mortem by a fast decompression, probably by quickly hauling animals entangled in the net at depth to the surface. Gas composition analysis and gas scoring are two new diagnostic tools available to distinguish gas embolisms from putrefaction gases. With this goal, these methods have been successfully applied to pathological studies of marine mammals. In this study, we characterized the flux and composition of the gas bubbles from bycaught marine mammals in anchored sink gillnets and bottom otter trawls. We compared these data with marine mammals stranded on Cape Cod, MA, USA. Fresh animals or with moderate decomposition (decomposition scores of 2 and 3) were prioritized. Results showed that bycaught animals presented with significantly higher gas scores than stranded animals. Gas composition analyses indicate that gas was formed by decompression, confirming the decompression hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yara Bernaldo de Quirós
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology Department, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeffrey S. Seewald
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole, Massachusetts , United States of America
| | - Sean P. Sylva
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole, Massachusetts , United States of America
| | - Bill Greer
- Integrated Statistics, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
- NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Misty Niemeyer
- International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth Port, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrea L. Bogomolni
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology Department, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Moore
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology Department, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Cornick JE, Harris SR, Parry CM, Moore MJ, Jassi C, Kamng'ona A, Kulohoma B, Heyderman RS, Bentley SD, Everett DB. Genomic identification of a novel co-trimoxazole resistance genotype and its prevalence amongst Streptococcus pneumoniae in Malawi. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:368-74. [PMID: 24080503 PMCID: PMC3886935 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to define the molecular basis of co-trimoxazole resistance in Malawian pneumococci under the dual selective pressure of widespread co-trimoxazole and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine use. Methods We measured the trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole MICs and analysed folA and folP nucleotide and translated amino acid sequences for 143 pneumococci isolated from carriage and invasive disease in Malawi (2002–08). Results Pneumococci were highly resistant to both trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (96%, 137/143). Sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates showed a 3 or 6 bp insertion in the sulphonamide-binding site of folP. The trimethoprim-resistant isolates fell into three genotypic groups based on dihydrofolate reductase (encoded by folA) mutations: Ile-100-Leu (10%), the Ile-100-Leu substitution together with a residue 92 substitution (56%) and those with a novel uncharacterized resistance genotype (34%). The nucleotide sequence divergence and dN/dS of folA and folP remained stable from 2004 onwards. Conclusions S. pneumoniae exhibit almost universal co-trimoxazole resistance in vitro and in silico that we believe is driven by extensive co-trimoxazole and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine use. More than one-third of pneumococci employ a novel mechanism of co-trimoxazole resistance. Resistance has now reached a point of stabilizing evolution. The use of co-trimoxazole to prevent pneumococcal infection in HIV/AIDS patients in sub-Saharan Africa should be re-evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Cornick
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|