101
|
Guo S, Sui C, Ma Y. Development of a targeted method for quantification of gypenoside XLIX in rat plasma, using SPE and LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [PMID: 27859537 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, selective and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of gypenoside XLIX, a naturally occurring gypenoside of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in rat plasma and then validated according to the US Food and Drug Administration's Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical Method Validation. Plasma samples were prepared by a simple solid-phase extraction. Separation was performed on a Waters XBridgeTM BEH C18 chromatography column (4.6 × 50 mm, 2.5 μm) using a mobile phase of acetonitrile and water (62.5:37.5, v/v). Gypenoside XLIX and the internal standard gypenoside A were detected in the negative ion mode using selection reaction monitoring of the transitions at m/z 1045.6 → 913.5 and 897.5 → 765.4, respectively. The calibration curve was linear (R2 > 0.990) over a concentration range of 10-7500 ng/mL with the lower quantification limit of 10 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision was within 8.6% and accuracy was ≤10.2%. Stability results proved that gypenoside XLIX and the IS remained stable throughout the analytical procedure. The validated LC-MS/MS method was then applied to analyze the pharmacokinetics of gypenoside XLIX after intravenous administration to rats (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Chengxu Sui
- The Department of Intervention, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Ma
- The Department of Ophtalmology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Yu X, Bi B, Dong N, Zhao H, Ji L, Lu M. An LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of hosenkoside A and hosenkoside K from Semen Impatientis in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [PMID: 27518831 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of two baccharane glycosides (hosenkoside A and hosenkoside K) of total saponins of Semen Impatientis in rat plasma using mogroside V as the internal standard (IS). The analytes were separated using a C18 RP Agilent XDB column (1.8 μm, 50 × 2.1 mm i.d.) and detection of the compounds was done using a TSQ Quantum triple quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled with a negative electrospray ionization source under selection reaction monitoring mode. According to the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines, the established method was fully validated and the results were proved within acceptable limits. The lower limits of quantification of both analytes were 5 ng/mL. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of orally administered the total saponins of Semen Impatientis in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yu
- Department of Emergency, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Binna Bi
- Department of Traumatologic Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital in Linyi City, Linyi, China
| | - Huanli Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Lixin Ji
- Department of Spine Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Minghua Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Li Y, Song T, Jin X. UPLC-MS/MS assay for simultaneous determination of four compounds in rat plasma: application to pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Caulis Spatholobi extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1714-1720. [PMID: 27093216 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of protocatechuic acid, catechin, gallocatechin and formononetin in rat plasma, with genkwanin as the internal standard in this study. Plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The four components were separated on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of water containing 0.05% formic acid and methanol (35:65, v/v), and detected by negative ion electrospray ionization in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The method was linear for all analytes over the investigated ranges, with all correlation coefficients >0.99. The validated lower limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/mL for protocatechuic acid, catechin, and gallocatechin and 0.8 ng/mL for formononetin. The intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD, %) were <13.1%, and accuracy (RE, %) ranged from -13.8 to 9.9%. The mean absolute extraction recoveries of the analytes and internal standard from rat plasma were all >80.7%. The validated method was successfully applied for the first time to investigate the pharmacokinetics of four chemical ingredients after oral administration of Caulis Spatholobi Extract in rats. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Linyi Peoples' Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Linyi Peoples' Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Wang J, Zhang N, Pang L, Xu D, Yan W, Wu J, Chen H. A sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of segetalin A from the plasma of rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:606-11. [PMID: 26295277 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination and pharmacokinetic investigation of segetalin A in rat plasma. Sample preparation was accomplished through a simple SPE procedure for the removal and preconcentration of the analyte and IS. Plasma samples were separated by HPLC on a Symmetry C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water (70:30, v/v) with isocratic elution. The quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring with the transitions m/z 610.3 → 511.2 for segetalin A and m/z 779.4 → 751.4 for IS, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 8.0-4000 ng/mL with a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 8.0 ng/mL. This method was applied in a pharmacokinetic study of segetalin A in rats. For intravenous (i.v.) administration, the plasma concentrations of segetalin A decreased quickly (t1/2z, 1.31 ± 0.341 h). For oral administration, the plasma concentrations of segetalin A increased to a peak value at 1.50 ± 0.577 h, followed by a gradual decrease to the LOQ in 12 h. The mean AUC values after i.v. and oral administration were 553 ± 105 and 1482 ± 110 ng h/mL, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmeng Wang
- Gereology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Emergency Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Li Pang
- Emergency Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dahai Xu
- Emergency Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Emergency Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Neurology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Gereology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Cheng T, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Lu L, Ding Y, Zhao Y. Comparative Pharmacokinetics Study of Icariin and Icariside II in Rats. Molecules 2015; 20:21274-86. [PMID: 26633326 PMCID: PMC6332156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the pharmacokinetic properties of icariin (ICA) and icariside II (ICA II) following intragastric and intravenous administration in rats, a rapid and sensitive method by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of ICA and ICA II in rat plasma. The quantification was performed by using multiple reaction monitoring of the transitions m/z 677.1/531.1 for ICA, 515.1/369.1 for ICA II and 463.1/301.1 for diosmetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (IS). The assay showed linearity over the concentration range of 1.03–1032 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients of 0.9983 and 0.9977. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were within 15%. The lower limit of quantification for both ICA and ICA II was 1.03 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery of ICA and ICA II was more than 86.2%. The LC-MS/MS method has been successfully used in the pharmacokinetic studies of ICA and ICA II in rats. The results indicated that 91.2% of ICA was transformed into ICA II after oral administration by rats, whereas only 0.4% of ICA was transformed into ICA II after intravenous administration. A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of ICA and ICA II after oral administration revealed that the Cmax and AUC0–t of ICA II were 3.8 and 13.0 times higher, respectively, than those of ICA. However, after intravenous administration, the Cmax and AUC0–t of ICA II were about only 12.1% and 4.2% of those of ICA. These results suggest that ICA and ICA II have distinct pharmacokinetic properties, and the insights obtained facilitate future pharmacological action studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yue Ding
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Cavalcanti Bedor NCT, Galindo Bedor DC, Miranda de Sousa CE, Nunes Bonifácio F, da Mota Castelo Branco D, Bastos Leal L, Pereira de Santana D. The development and validation of a method for quantifying olanzapine in human plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:305-13. [PMID: 25491375 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1. A rapid method using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of olanzapine (OLZ) in human plasma was developed and validated. Venlafaxine was used as the internal standard (IS), and the samples were extracted from 400-μL human plasma with methyl tert-butyl ether for liquid-liquid extraction. 2. Chromatography was performed using an ACE C18, 125 × 4.6-mm i.d., 5-μm column. The mobile phase consisted of water with 0.1% formic acid for solvent A and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid for solvent B (50 : 50 v/v) in isocratic mode. The flow rate was 1.2 mL/min. The retention times for OLZ and the IS were 0.78 and 1.04 min, respectively. Tandem mass spectrometry operating in positive electrospray ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring was used to detect OLZ and the IS (m/z: 313.1 > 256.1 and 278.1 > 260.2, respectively). 3. No significant matrix effects were observed on OLZ and the IS retention times, and the mean recovery of OLZ was 90.08%. The assay was linear in the concentration range of 1-20 ng/mL (R(2) = 0.9976). The intra- and inter-day precision were < 11.60% and the accuracy was < 1.66%. 4. This validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in which 10-mg OLZ tablets were administered to healthy volunteers and their plasma OLZ levels were monitored over time. The tests showed that the OLZ test and reference drug (Zyprexa(®)) were bioequivalent, as 90% of the confidence intervals were within the 80-125% interval proposed by regulatory agencies.
Collapse
|
107
|
Zhao W, Xu D, Yan W, Wang Y, Zhang N. Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of cucurbitacin B in rat plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2015. [PMID: 26207321 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin B (CuB), one of the most abundant forms of cucurbitacins, is a promising natural anticancer drug candidate. Although the anticancer activity of CuB has been well demonstrated, information regarding the pharmacokinetics is limited. A rapid, selective and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS for CuB was developed and validated using hemslecin A (HeA) as internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were pre-treated by liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane. Separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at 35°C using isocratic elution with water-methanol (25:75, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The analytes were monitored by a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with positive electrospray ionization mode. The calibration curve was linear (r > 0.995) in a concentration range of 0.3-100 ng/mL with a limit of quantification of 0.3 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were validated by percentage relative error and relative standard deviation, respectively, which were both lower than the limit of 15%. This assay was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of CuB in Wistar rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waiou Zhao
- Cardiology Department, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dahai Xu
- Emergency Department, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Emergency Department, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yushi Wang
- Cardiology Department, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Emergency Department, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Li H, Li W, Yu M, Jiang L. LC-MS/MS determination of 1-O-acetylbritannilactone in rat plasma and its application to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:419-25. [PMID: 26179842 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel, rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of 1-O-Acetylbritannilactone (ABL), a sesquiterpene lactone abundant in Inula britannica, was developed and validated using heteroclitin D as internal standard. Separation was achieved on a reversed phase Hypersil Gold C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm, i.d., 3.0 µm) using isocratic elution with methanol-5 mM ammonium acetate buffer aqueous solution (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Calibration curve was linear (r > 0.99) in a concentration range of 1.60-800 ng/mL with the lower limit of quantification of 1.60 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were validated by relative error (RE) and relative standard deviation (RSD) values, respectively, which were both less than ±15%. The validated method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of ABL in rats. The elimination half-lives were 0.412 ± 0.068, 0.415 ± 0.092 and 0.453 ± 0.071 h after a single intravenous administration of 0.14, 0.42, and 1.26 mg/kg ABL, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the last quantifiable time point and from time zero to infinity and the plasma concentrations at 2 min were linearly related to the doses tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Li
- Cadres Ward, Air Force General Hospital, PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Min Yu
- Health Center, 9524 Command, PLA, Beijing, 100195, China
| | - Ligang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Zhao M, Qian D, Liu P, Shang EX, Jiang S, Guo J, Su SL, Duan JA, Du L, Tao J. Comparative pharmacokinetics of catalpol and acteoside in normal and chronic kidney disease rats after oral administration of Rehmannia glutinosa extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1842-8. [PMID: 26031219 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a sensitive and robust ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method with multiple-reaction monitoring mode was developed, validated, and applied to determine pharmacokinetics of catalpol and acteoside in normal and doxorubicin-induced chronic kidney disease rats after oral administration of Rehmannia glutinosa extract. The lower limits of quantification for catalpol and acteoside in rat plasma were 2.62 and 0.61 ng/mL, with a signal-to-noise ratio of ≥10. Precision and accuracy studies showed that catalpol and acteoside plasma concentrations were within the 10% range in all studies. The extraction recoveries of catalpol and acteoside were both >68.24% and the matrix effects ranged from 96.59 to 101.62%. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of catalpol and acteoside after oral administration of RG extract to normal and model rats, respectively. This study might further support the traditional use of RG to treat kidney diseases clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Er-xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-lan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Leyue Du
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Hu X, Chu Y, Ma G, Li W, Wang X, Mo H, Yin Q, Guo J, Ma X, Zhou S. Simultaneous determination of ascaridole, p-cymene and α-terpinene in rat plasma after oral administration of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. by GC-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1682-6. [PMID: 25900777 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable GC-MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ascaridole, p-cymene and α-terpinene in rat plasma using naphthalene as internal standard. The plasma samples were extracted with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a HP-5MS capillary analytical column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm) and detection was performed on a quadrupole mass spectrometer detector operated under selected ion monitoring mode. The method showed excellent linearity over the investigated concentration range (r > 0.99) with the limit of quantitation down to 50, 10 and 5 ng/mL for ascaridole, p-cymene and α-terpinene, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) were <11.3%, and the accuracy was between 90.7 and 113.8%. The method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. following oral administration to rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.,Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Yang Chu
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Hongmei Mo
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Qihui Yin
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Jiahua Guo
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Shuiping Zhou
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Zhao Z, Wu C, Zhao Y, Hao Y, Liu Y, Zhao W. Development of an oral push-pull osmotic pump of fenofibrate-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1691-701. [PMID: 25784799 PMCID: PMC4356664 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s76755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were used to prepare an oral push–pull osmotic pump. Fenofibrate, the selected model drug, was firstly loaded into the MSNs, followed by a suspending agent consisting of a drug layer of push–pull osmotic pump. Fenofibrate-loaded MSNs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Polyethylene oxide of molecular weight (MW) 100,000 and polyethylene oxide of MW 6,000,000 were selected as the suspending agent and the expanding agent, respectively. Cellulose acetate was used as the semipermeable membrane, along with polyethylene glycol 6,000 to increase the flexibility and control the membrane permeability. The in vitro dissolution studies indicated that the osmotic pump tablet combined with MSNs was able to deliver fenofibrate in an approximately zero-order manner in 24 hours. A pharmacokinetic study showed that, although the maximum plasma concentration of the osmotic pump was lower than that of the reference formulation, the relative bioavailability was increased, indicating that the osmotic pump was more efficient than the reference tablets. Therefore, using MSNs as a carrier for poorly water-soluble drugs is an effective method for preparing osmotic pump tablets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhe Zhao
- Pharmacy School, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wu
- Pharmacy School, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Pharmacy School, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanna Hao
- Pharmacy School, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Pharmacy School, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- Pharmacy School, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Shen M, Russek-Cohen E, Slud EV. Exact calculation of power and sample size in bioequivalence studies using two one-sided tests. Pharm Stat 2014; 14:95-101. [PMID: 25477145 DOI: 10.1002/pst.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The number of subjects in a pharmacokinetic two-period two-treatment crossover bioequivalence study is typically small, most often less than 60. The most common approach to testing for bioequivalence is the two one-sided tests procedure. No explicit mathematical formula for the power function in the context of the two one-sided tests procedure exists in the statistical literature, although the exact power based on Owen's special case of bivariate noncentral t-distribution has been tabulated and graphed. Several approximations have previously been published for the probability of rejection in the two one-sided tests procedure for crossover bioequivalence studies. These approximations and associated sample size formulas are reviewed in this article and compared for various parameter combinations with exact power formulas derived here, which are computed analytically as univariate integrals and which have been validated by Monte Carlo simulations. The exact formulas for power and sample size are shown to improve markedly in realistic parameter settings over the previous approximations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Shen
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
Abstract
Atazanavir (ATV) is a HIV protease inhibitor. Due to its intense lipophilicity, the oral delivery of ATV encounters several problems such as poor aqueous solubility, pH-dependent dissolution, rapid first-pass metabolism in liver by CYP3A5, which result in low bioavailability. To overcome afore mentioned limitations, ATV-loaded Eudragit RL100 nanoparticles (ATV NPs) were prepared to enhance oral bioavailability. ATV NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method. The ATV NPs were systematically optimized (OPT) using 3(2) central composite design (CCD) and the OPT formulation located using overlay plot. The pharmacokinetic study of OPT formulation was investigated in male Wistar rats, and in-vitro/in-vivo correlation level was established. Intestinal permeability of OPT formulation was determined using in situ single pass perfusion (SPIP) technique. Transmission electron microscopy studies on OPT formulation demonstrated uniform shape and size of particles. Augmentation in the values of Ka (2.35-fold) and AUC0-24 (2.91-fold) indicated significant enhancement in the rate and extent of bioavailability by the OPT formulation compared to pure drug. Successful establishment of in vitro/in vivo correlation (IVIVC) Level A substantiated the judicious choice of the in vitro dissolution milieu for simulating the in vivo conditions. In situ SPIP studies ascribed the significant enhancement in absorptivity and permeability parameters of OPT formulation transport through the Peyer's patches. The studies, therefore, indicate the successful formulation development of NPs with distinctly improved bioavailability potential and can be used as drug carrier for sustained or prolonged drug release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurinder Singh
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy , Bangalore , Karnataka , India
| | - Roopa S Pai
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy , Bangalore , Karnataka , India
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Elsayed I, Abdelbary AA, Elshafeey AH. Nanosizing of a poorly soluble drug: technique optimization, factorial analysis, and pharmacokinetic study in healthy human volunteers. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2943-53. [PMID: 24971006 PMCID: PMC4069131 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s63395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Diacerein (DCN) has low aqueous solubility (3.197 mg/L) and, consequently, low oral bioavailability (35%-56%). To increase both the solubility and dissolution rate of DCN while maintaining its crystalline nature, high pressure homogenization was used but with only a few homogenization cycles preceded by a simple bottom-up technique. METHODS The nanosuspensions of DCN were prepared using a combined bottom-up/top-down technique. Different surfactants - polyvinyl alcohol, sodium deoxycholate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate - with different concentrations were used for the stabilization of the nanosuspensions. Full factorial experimental design was employed to investigate the influence of formulation variables on nanosuspension characteristics using Design-Expert(®) Software. Particle size (PS), zeta potential, saturation solubility, in vitro dissolution, and drug crystallinity were studied. Moreover, the in vivo performance of the optimized formula was assessed by bioavailability determination in healthy human volunteers. RESULTS The concentration of surfactant had a significant effect on both the PS and polydispersity index values. The 1% surfactant concentration showed the lowest PS and polydispersity index values compared with other concentrations. Both type and concentration of surfactant had significant effects on the zeta potential. Formula F8 (containing 1% sodium deoxycholate) and Formula F12 (containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate) had the highest desirability values (0.952 and 0.927, respectively). Hence, they were selected for further characterization. The saturated solubility and mean dissolution time, in the case of F8 and F12, were significantly higher than the coarse drug powder. Techniques utilized in the nanocrystals' preparation had no effect on DCN crystalline state. The selected formula (F12) showed a higher bioavailability compared to the reference market product with relative bioavailability of 131.4%. CONCLUSION The saturation solubility, in vitro dissolution rate and relative bioavailability of DCN were significantly increased after nanocrystallization. Less time and power consumption were applied by the combination of bottom-up and top-down techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aly Ahmed Abdelbary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hassen Elshafeey
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Pallapothu LMK, Batta N, Pigili RK, Yejella RP. A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of dienogest in human plasma and its pharmacokinetic applications under fasting. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:194-201. [PMID: 24890474 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive analytical method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection with positive ion electrospray ionization was developed for the determination of dienogest in human K2 EDTA plasma using levonorgestrel d6 as an internal standard (IS). Dienogest and IS were extracted from human plasma using simple liquid-liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax XDB-Phenyl column (4.6 × 75 mm, 3.5 µm) under isocratic conditions using acetonitrile-5 mm ammonium acetate (70:30, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.60 mL/min. The protonated precursor to product ion transitions monitored for dienogest and IS were at m/z 312.30 → 135.30 and 319.00 → 251.30, respectively. The method was validated with a linearity range of 1.003-200.896 ng/mL having a total analysis time for each chromatograph of 3.0 min. The method has shown tremendous reproducibility with intra- and inter-day precision (coefficient of variation) <3.97 and 6.10%, respectively, and accuracy within ±4.0% of nominal values. The validated method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human plasma samples generated after administration of a single oral dose of 2.0 mg dienogest tablets to healthy female volunteers and was proved to be highly reliable for the analysis of clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leela Mohan Kumar Pallapothu
- Bioanalytical Department, Aizant Drug Research Solutions Pvt Ltd, Sy Nos 172 and 173, Apparel Park Road, Dulapally, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500 014, India; Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522510, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Patel MR, Patel RB, Bhatt KK, Patel BG, Gaikwad RV. Paliperidone microemulsion for nose-to-brain targeted drug delivery system: pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:346-54. [PMID: 24865295 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.914602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of present study was to develop and evaluate paliperidone (PALI) loaded microemulsion (PALI-ME) for intranasal delivery in the treatment of schizophrenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS The PALI-ME was formulated by the spontaneous microemulsification method and characterized for physicochemical parameters. Pharmacodynamic assessments (apomorphine-induced compulsive behavior and spontaneous motor activity) were performed using mice. All formulations were tagged with (99m)Tc (technetium). Pharmacokinetic evaluation of PALI in the brain was investigated using Swiss albino rats. Brain scintigraphy imaging was performed in rabbits. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION PALI-ME was found stable with average droplet size of 20.01 ± 1.28 nm. In pharmacodynamic studies, significant (p < 0.05) deference in parameters estimated, were found between the treated and control groups. (99m)Tc-tagged PALI solution (PALI-SOL)/PALI-ME/PALI muco-adhesive ME (PALI-MME) was found to be stable and suitable for in vivo studies. Brain-to-blood ratio at all sampling points up to 8 h following intranasal administration of PALI-MME compared to intravenous PALI-ME was found to be 6-8 times higher signifying greater extent of distribution of the PALI in brain. Rabbit brain scintigraphy demonstrated higher intranasal uptake of the PALI into the brain. CONCLUSION This investigation demonstrates a prompt and larger extent of transport of PALI into the brain through intranasal PALI-MME, which may prove beneficial for treatment of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrunali R Patel
- a Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology , Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy , New Vallabh Vidyanagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Rashmin B Patel
- b Department of Pharmceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance , A.R. College of Pharmacy & G.H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy , Vallabh Vidynagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Kashyap K Bhatt
- b Department of Pharmceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance , A.R. College of Pharmacy & G.H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy , Vallabh Vidynagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Bharat G Patel
- c Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy , Charotar University of Science and Technology , Changa , Gujarat , India , and
| | - Rajiv V Gaikwad
- d Veterinary Nuclear Medicine Center , Bombay Veterinary College , Mumbai , India
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Patel RB, Patel MR, Bhatt KK, Patel BG, Gaikwad RV. Evaluation of brain targeting efficiency of intranasal microemulsion containing olanzapine: pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic consideration. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:307-15. [PMID: 24845478 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.912694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate olanzapine (OZP) -loaded microemulsions (OZPME) for intranasal delivery in the treatment of schizophrenia. The OZPME was formulated by the spontaneous microemulsification method and characterized for physicochemical parameters. Pharmacodynamic assessments (apomorphine - induced compulsive behavior and spontaneous locomotor activity) were performed using mice. All formulations were radiolabeled with technetium-99 ((99m)Tc), and biodistribution of drug in the brain was investigated using Swiss albino rats. Brain scintigraphy imaging in rabbits was performed to determine the uptake of the OZP into the brain. OZPME were found clear and stable with average globule size of 23.87 ± 1.07 nm. In pharmacodynamic assessments, significant (p < 0.05) difference in parameters estimated were found between the treated and control groups. (99m)Tc-labeled OZP solution (OZPS)/OZPME/OZP mucoadhesive microemulsion (OZPMME) were found to be stable and suitable for in vivo studies. Brain/blood ratio at all sampling points up to 8 h following intranasal administration of OZPMME compared to intravenous OZPME was found to be five to six times higher signifying larger extent of distribution of the OZP in brain. Drug targeting efficiency and direct drug transport were found to be highest for intranasal OZPMME, compared to intravenous OZPME. Furthermore, rabbit brain scintigraphy also demonstrated higher intranasal uptake of the OZP into the brain. This investigation demonstrates a prompt and larger extent of transport of OZP into the brain through intranasal OZPMME, which may prove beneficial for treatment of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmin B Patel
- a A. R. College of Pharmacy & G. H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy , Vallabh Vidyanagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Mrunali R Patel
- b Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy , New Vallabh Vidyanagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Kashyap K Bhatt
- b Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy , New Vallabh Vidyanagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Bharat G Patel
- c Charotar University of Science and Technology , Changa , Gujarat , India , and
| | - Rajiv V Gaikwad
- d Veterinary Nuclear Medicine Center , Bombay Veterinary College , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Singh G, Pai RS. Trans-resveratrol self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) with enhanced bioavailability potential: optimization, pharmacokinetics and in situ single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) studies. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:522-30. [PMID: 24512464 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.885616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-resveratrol (t-RVT) is a potent antioxidant. By virtue of extensive pre-systemic metabolism and existence of enterohepatic recirculation, t-RVT bioavailability is almost zero. The current study aimed to develop self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) using long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) of t-RVT in an attempt to circumvent such obstacles. Equilibrium solubility studies indicated the choice of Lauroglycol FCC as lipid, and of Labrasol and Transcutol P as surfactants, for formulating the SNEDDS. Ternary phase diagrams were constructed to select the areas of nanoemulsions, and the amounts of lipid (X(1)) and surfactant (X(2)) as the critical factor variables. The SNEDDS were optimized using 3(2) central composite design (CCD) and the optimized formulation (OPT) located using overlay plot. The nanometer size range and high negative values of zeta potential depicted non-coalescent nature of the SNEDDS. Optimized formulation indicated marked improvement in drug release profile vis-à-vis pure drug. Cloud point determination and accelerated stability studies ascertained the stability of OPT. Augmentation in the values of K(a) (3.29-fold) and AUC (4.31-fold) indicated significant enhancement in the rate and extent of bioavailability by the OPT compared with pure drug. In situ perfusion (SPIP) studies in Wistar rats construed remarkable enhancement in the absorptivity and permeability parameters of SNEDDS vis-à-vis the pure drug. Successful establishment of level A of in vitro/in vivo correlation substantiated the judicious choice of the in vitro dissolution milieu for simulating the in vivo conditions. The present study, therefore, reports the successful development of SNEDDS with distinctly enhanced bioavailability of t-RVT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy , Bangalore, Karnataka , India
| | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Singh G, Pai RS. Pharmacokinetics and in vivo biodistribution of optimized PLGA nanoparticulate drug delivery system for controlled release of emtricitabine. Drug Deliv 2013; 21:627-35. [PMID: 24344769 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.867382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop systematically optimized (OPT) nanoparticles (NPs) providing a controlled release using PLGA of emtricitabine (FTC) employing Formulation by Design (FbD), and evaluate their in vitro and in vivo performance. FTC generates severe adverse effects with risks of toxicity. Thus, NPs were prepared to reduce these drawbacks in this study. The NPs were prepared by water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion method, followed by high-pressure homogenization. The FTC NPs were systematically OPT using 3(2) central composite design and the OPT formulation located using overlay plot. The pharmacokinetics and in vivo biodistribution of OPT-FTC NPs were investigated in male Wistar rats via the oral administration. Transmission electron microscopy studies on OPT-FTC NPs demonstrated uniform shape and size of particles. In vitro release was sustained up to 15 days in PBS pH 7.4. Augmentation in the values of Cmax (1.63 fold) and AUC0-∞ (5.39 fold) indicated significant enhancement in the rate and extent of bioavailability by the OPT-FTC NPs compared to pure drug. OPT-FTC NPs showed 2.325 fold increase in the values of FTC concentrations in liver. The OPT-FTC NPs was found to be quite stable during 6 months of study period. Hence, the developed OPT-FTC NPs can be used as drug carrier for sustained/prolonged drug release and/or to reduce toxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy , Bangalore, Karnataka , India
| | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Sankar R, Jain SK. Development and characterization of gastroretentive sustained-release formulation by combination of swelling and mucoadhesive approach: a mechanistic study. Drug Des Devel Ther 2013; 7:1455-69. [PMID: 24348022 PMCID: PMC3857114 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s52890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acyclovir has pharmacokinetic limitations, including poor oral bioavailability of 15%–30%, high variability, and short elimination half-life of 2.3 hours. These limitations necessitate frequent administration of acyclovir, up to five times daily, leading to poor patient compliance, which in turn leads to a reduction in therapeutic efficacy and development of resistance. Methods A gastroretentive sustained-release (GR) formulation of acyclovir, based on a combination of swelling and mucoadhesive mechanisms, has been developed. Composition has been optimized after evaluation of different polymers, carbomer, polyethylene oxide, and sodium alginate alone and/or in combination. GR formulations were characterized for in-process quality-control tests, drug release and release rate kinetics, similarity factor analysis, swelling index, and matrix erosion. Results A formulation containing a combination of carbomer and polyethylene oxide had the highest similarity of drug release compared with a target drug-release profile obtained by pharmacokinetic simulations. The measurement of mucoadhesive strength, carried out with a texture analyzer, showed that the mucoadhesive strength of the GR formulation was significantly higher than that of the immediate-release (IR) tablet. The optimized GR formulation was found to be retained in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract for 480 minutes; the IR tablet was retained for only 90 minutes as measured using a gastrointestinal retention study in albino rabbits. The GR formulation was also found to maintain more sustained plasma concentrations than the IR tablet. Mean residence time of the GR formulation was 7 hours versus 3.3 hours for the IR formulation. The relative bioavailability of the GR formulation was 261% of the IR formulation. Conclusion The GR formulation of acyclovir, based on swelling and mucoadhesive mechanisms, has prolonged retention in the upper gastrointestinal tract, sustained in vitro drug release, prolonged in vivo absorption, and better bioavailability than the IR formulation. Such a formulation would improve patient compliance and increase the efficacy of therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Sankar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Ding Y, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Peng M, Tao JS, Ji G. A validated HPLC-MS/MS method for determination of genipin-1-o-glucuronic acid in rat plasma after administration of genipin and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:265-74. [PMID: 24037830 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific method was developed and validated for the quantitation of one major metabolite of genipin in rats plasma. The major metabolite was isolated from rat bile via semi-preparative HPLC technology and its chemical structure was identified as genipin-1-o-glucuronic acid (GNP-GLU), which was for the first time used as a standard compound for quantitative analysis in rat plasma after administration of genipin. The application of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in negative mode in multiple reaction monitoring mode was investigated. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Eclipse XDB-C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of water with 0.1% formic acid (A)-acetonitrile (B). The limit of detecation was 0.214 ng/mL and the lower limit of quantification was 0.706 ng/mL. The calibration curve was linear from 1.27 to 3810 ng/mL for plasma samples, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9924. The intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracy were all within 15%. The recoveries of GNP-GLU and puerarin were above 90.0 and 76.2%, respectively. The highly sensitive method was successfully applied to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters of GNP-GLU following oral and intravenous administration of genipin to rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ding
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
122
|
Zhao G, Yuan F, Zhu J. An LC-MS/MS method for determination of curculigoside with anti-osteoporotic activity in rat plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:341-7. [PMID: 23996522 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, simple, selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of curculigoside in rat plasma. The analytical procedure involves extraction of curculigoside and syringin (internal standard, IS) from rat plasma with a one-step extraction method by protein precipitation. The chromatographic resolution was performed on an Agilent XDB-C18 column (4.6 × 50 mm, 5 µm) using an isocratic mobile phase of methanol with 0.1% formic acid and H2 O with 0.1% formic acid (45:55, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min with a total run time of 2.0 min. The assay was achieved under the multiple-reaction monitoring mode using positive electrospray ionization. Method validation was performed according to US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The calibration curve was linear over 4.00-4000 ng/mL (R = 0.9984) for curculigoside with a lower limit of quantification of 4.00 ng/mL in rat plasma. The intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracies were 3.5-4.6 and 0.7-9.1%, in rat plasma, respectively. The validated LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of curculigoside in rats after a single intravenous and oral administration of 3.2 and 32 mg/kg. The absolute bioavailability of curculigoside after oral administration was 1.27%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhao
- Orthopaedic Department, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
123
|
Popov TV, Maričič LC, Prosen H, Vončina DB. Development and validation of dried blood spots technique for quantitative determination of topiramate using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1054-61. [PMID: 23529887 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An LC-MS/MS method for determination of the anti-epileptic drug topiramate (TPM) in dried blood spot (DBS) samples was developed and validated. DBS samples were prepared by spotting 30 μL of spiked whole blood onto FTA(TM) DMPK-C cards and drying for at least 3 h. Six-millimetre punched spots were then extracted by using a mixture of methanol and water (90:10, v/v) with deuterated internal standard (topiramate-d12). The extracted samples were injected into a liquid chromatograph equipped with a tandem mass spectrometric detector. Negative ions were monitored in the selected reaction monitoring mode and transitions m/z 338.2 → 78.1 and m/z 350.3 → 78.1 were used for the quantitative evaluation of TPM and internal standard, respectively. The results obtained from validation were statistically evaluated according to the requirements of the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration regulatory guidelines. The linearity of the method was checked within a concentration range from 10 to 2000 ng/mL. The validation results indicate that the method is accurate, precise, sensitive, selective and reproducible.
Collapse
|
124
|
Karthikeyan K, Mahat MYA, Chandrasekaran S, Gopal K, Franklin PX, Sivakumar BJ, Singh G, Narayanan S, Gopalan B, Khan AA. Bioanalytical method development, validation and quantification of dorsomorphin in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1018-26. [PMID: 23526253 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation describes the development and validation of a sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the estimation of dorsomorphin in rat plasma. A sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed using multiple reaction monitoring mode, with the transition of m/z (Q1/Q3) 400.2/289.3 for dorsomorphin and m/z (Q1/Q3) 306.2/236.3 for zaleplon. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reverse phase Agilent XDB C18 column (100 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 5 mm ammonium acetate buffer (pH 6.0) 90:10 v/v, at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The effluence was ionized in positive ion mode by electrospray ionization (ESI) and quantitated by mass spectrometry. The retention times of dorsomorphin and internal standard were found to be 2.13 and 1.13 min, respectively. Mean extraction recovery of dorsomorphin and internal standard in rat plasma was above 80%. Dorsomorphin calibration curve in rat plasma was linear (r(2) ≥ 0.99) ranging from 0.005 to 10 µg/mL. Inter-day and intra-day precision and accuracy were found to be within 85-115% (coefficient of variation). This method was successfully applied for evaluation of the oral pharmacokinetic profile of dorsomorphin in male Wistar rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Karthikeyan
- Bioanalytical-Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Drug Discovery Research, R&D Center, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Sozhanganallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
125
|
Ben-Eltriki M, Somayaji V, Padwal RS, Brocks DR. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric method for the quantification of azithromycin in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1012-7. [PMID: 23494651 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for the quantification of azithromycin in human plasma was developed. Azithromycin and imipramine (as internal standard, IS) were extracted from 0.5 mL human plasma using extraction with diethyl ether under alkaline conditions. Chromatographic separation of drug and IS was performed using a C18 column at room temperature. A mobile phase consisting of methanol, water, ammonium hydroxide and ammonium acetate was pumped at 0.2 mL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated in positive ion mode and selected ion recording acquisition mode. The ions utilized for quantification of azithromycin and IS were m/z 749.6 (M + H)(+) and m/z 591.4 (fragment) for azithromycin, and 281.1 m/z for internal standard; retention times were 6.9 and 3.4 min, respectively. The calibration curves were linear (r(2) > 0.999) in the concentration ranges of 10-1000 ng/mL. The mean absolute recoveries for 50 and 500 ng/mL azithromycin and 1 µg/ mL IS were >75%. The percentage coefficient of variation and mean error were <11%. Based on validation data, the lower limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL. The present method was successfully applied to determine azithromycin pharmacokinetic parameters in two obese volunteers. The assay had applicability for use in pharmacokinetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ben-Eltriki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-142H Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Nirogi R, Kandikere V, Komarneni P, Aleti R, Boggavarapu R, Bhyrapuneni G, Muddana N, Mukkanti K. Quantification of methyllycaconitine, selective α7 nicotinic receptor antagonist, in rodent plasma and brain tissue by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry--application to neuropharmacokinetics of methyllycaconitine in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:1273-82. [PMID: 21337354 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of methyllycaconitine (MLA) in rat plasma and brain tissue. Following acetonitrile protein precipitation, the analyte was separated using a gradient mobile phase on a reversed-phase column and analyzed by MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M + H](+) ions, m/z 683-216 for MLA and m/z 260-116 for the internal standard. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.5-250 ng/mL for MLA in rat plasma and brain tissue. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/mL. Acceptable precision (<12%) and accuracy (100 ± 6%) were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. The method was successfully applied to quantify MLA concentrations in a rodent pharmacokinetic and brain penetration study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Nirogi
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, 500034, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
127
|
Kudris IV, Skakun NN, Orlova IN, Libina VV, Kulikov AU. Analysis of Amisulpride in Human Plasma by SPE and LC with Fluorescence Detection. Chromatographia 2011; 73:67-74. [PMID: 21423321 PMCID: PMC3030746 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, precise, accurate, and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection has been validated and used for analysis of amisulpride in human plasma after a simple solid-phase extraction procedure. Compounds were separated on a CN column with 0.03 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 6.5)-acetonitrile 65:35 (v/v) as mobile phase. Fluorescence detection was performed at excitation and emission wavelengths of 274 and 370 nm, respectively. Calibration plots were linear over the concentration range 10-1,000 ng mL(-1) in human plasma, and the lower limit of quantification was 10 ng mL(-1). Accuracy was between 0.4 and 6.4% and precision was between 3.1 and 7.5%. Amisulpride was sufficiently stable through three freeze-thaw cycles, during storage for 6 h at room temperature, and for 2 months at -22 °C. The method is suitable for the analysis of clinical samples from pharmacokinetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Illia V. Kudris
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, State Pharmacological Center, Astronomicheskaya Street 33, Kharkov, 61085 Ukraine
| | - Nona N. Skakun
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, State Pharmacological Center, Astronomicheskaya Street 33, Kharkov, 61085 Ukraine
| | - Irina N. Orlova
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, State Pharmacological Center, Astronomicheskaya Street 33, Kharkov, 61085 Ukraine
| | - Victoria V. Libina
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, State Pharmacological Center, Astronomicheskaya Street 33, Kharkov, 61085 Ukraine
| | - Artem U. Kulikov
- Laboratory of Pharmacopoeial Analysis, Scientific and Expert Pharmacopoeial Centre, Astronomicheskaya Street 33, Kharkov, 61085 Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Hertler AA, Schlossman DM, Borowitz MJ, Poplack DG, Frankel AE. An immunotoxin for the treatment of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemic meningitis: studies in rhesus monkeys. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1989; 28:59-66. [PMID: 2783301 PMCID: PMC11038647 DOI: 10.1007/bf00205802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/1988] [Accepted: 06/21/1988] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody WT1 (anti-CD7), conjugated to ricin A chain, was administered intrathecally to rhesus monkeys to test its suitability for use in the therapy of leukemic meningitis. The WT1-SMPT-dgRTA conjugate was cytotoxic to CEM (T-lymphoblastic leukemia) cells in vitro with an ID50 of 53 pM. Immunoperoxidase testing showed no binding of WT1 to normal human tissues other than lymph nodes. Thirteen animals received one or more intrathecal 60-micrograms doses of WT1-SMPT-dgRTA. All monkeys receiving repeated doses developed a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis (primarily eosinophils), which was generally resolving by 3-4 weeks after therapy. Pharmacokinetic studies showed a half-life of 99 min, consistent with CSF clearance by bulk flow. Peak CSF immunotoxin concentrations exceeded the ID50 for CEM cells by more than 2 log units and a concentration exceeding the ID50 was maintained for as long as 24 h. All eight monkeys receiving repeated doses of immunotoxin developed serum antibodies against both WT1 and ricin A chain. In six of these monkeys antibodies were also present in the CSF. Both anti-WT1 and anti-(ricin A chain) antibodies were able to inhibit in vitro cytotoxicity of the immunotoxin for CEM cells; however, only anti-WT1 antibodies could block immunotoxin binding to the cell surface. No monkey developed anti-immunotoxin antibodies fewer than 7 days after the initiation of therapy, suggesting that repeated doses could be administered for up to 1 week without inhibition of clinical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Hertler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|