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Breunig F, Weidemann F, Strotmann J, Knoll A, Wanner C. Clinical benefit of enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease. Kidney Int 2006; 69:1216-21. [PMID: 16609685 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human alpha-galactosidase A (r-halphaGalA) enhances microvascular globotriaosylceramide clearance and improves clinical symptoms in patients with Fabry disease. We evaluated whether these effects are translated into a long-term benefit of kidney and heart function. We did a single center, prospective, open label study in 26 patients with Fabry disease (one early death, follow-up in 25 patients). r-Alpha-GalA was administered in a dosage of 1 mg/kg body weight every second week. The effect of therapy on clinical end points (death, cardiac and cerebrovascular event, renal failure), cardiac and renal function monitored by Doppler echocardiography, 99Tc-GFR, and proteinuria was investigated. After a mean treatment time of 23 +/- 8 months, nine patients experienced 12 end points, including two deaths. All end points occurred in patients with impaired renal function (n = 16; GFR 71 +/- 17 ml/min/1.73 m2). Despite ERT, renal function deteriorated to 60 +/- 23 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P = 0.04) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (PWT) did not change (14.0 +/- 2.1 vs 13.4 +/- 2.3 mm). In contrast, patients without impairment of renal function (n = 9) had a more favorable outcome (no clinical events; GFR 115 +/- 18 vs 102 +/- 14 ml/min/1.73 m2, NS; PWT 11.7 +/- 1 and 10.7+/-0.7 mm, P = 0.04). Proteinuria remained unchanged (1.34 +/- 0.94 vs 1.01 +/- 0.97 g/day, n = 10). Patients with impaired renal function have a less favorable outcome and may develop cardiovascular and renal end points despite ERT.
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Drzezga A, Riemenschneider M, Strassner B, Grimmer T, Peller M, Knoll A, Wagenpfeil S, Minoshima S, Schwaiger M, Kurz A. Cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with AD and different APOE genotypes. Neurology 2005; 64:102-7. [PMID: 15642911 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000148478.39691.d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of the APOE epsilon4 allele on cerebral glucose metabolism in a large series of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS Eighty-three patients (41 APOE epsilon4 positive and 42 epsilon4 negative) were selected from a pre-existing databank of patients with AD (n > 1,000). The patients were carefully matched for age, age at onset, approximate disease duration, educational level, and overall degree of cognitive impairment. Cerebral [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging was performed in all patients by a standardized protocol. Statistical comparison of patient PET data vs a healthy control population was performed as well as an analysis of differences between groups (SPM99; Wellcome Department of Cognitive Imaging, London, UK). RESULTS A similar pattern of cerebral hypometabolism was detected in the epsilon4-positive and -negative patient groups vs healthy volunteers in regions typically affected by AD (bilateral temporal, parietal, posterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortical areas). The comparison between epsilon4-positive and -negative patients additionally revealed stronger abnormalities in epsilon4 carriers in parietal, temporal, and posterior cingulate cortical regions. CONCLUSIONS A generally similar pattern of cerebral hypometabolism was detected in APOE epsilon4-positive and -negative patients with Alzheimer disease. However, in direct comparison of the two matched groups, the abnormalities in the epsilon4-positive group were demonstrated to be more pronounced.
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Strotmann J, Weidemann F, Breunig F, Knoll A, Wanner C, Ertl G. Morbus Fabry of the heart. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 94:557-63. [PMID: 16142514 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-005-0284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fabry Disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder leading to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramides in all tissues and solid organs of the body. The disease was described by Johannes Fabry and William Anderson coevally in 1898. Beside the involvement of the central nervous system, peripheral nerves, kidneys, skin and endovascular endothelium, the heart plays a major role in the disease. Left ventricular hypertrophy is one hallmark initially presenting with preserved ventricular function. However, with progression of the disease patients die due to heart failure. Though angina is often reported, the incidence of epicardial coronary stenosis is not a dominant feature, if at all small vessel disease can occur. In respect of arrhythmias a broad spectrum can be seen including shortened or prolonged PR-intervals, AV blocks of different degrees and sometimes malignant ventricular arrhythmias. In the past, women were considered to be carriers of the disease but hardly to develop clinical symptoms. In recent years there is evidence that female carriers may more often be affected with severe symptoms. In addition, a group of Fabry patients displaying mainly cardiac involvement were described as having a cardiac variant of the disease. This implied the hypothesis that some of those patients with unexplained myocardial hypertrophy do suffer from Fabry disease. Since 2002 enzyme replacement therapy is available and there is first evidence for its efficacy to reduce hypertrophy and increase myocardial function. If this is associated with a prognostic improvement has to be determined in future studies.
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Bauernschmitt R, Schirmbeck EU, Knoll A, Mayer H, Nagy I, Wessel N, Wildhirt SM, Lange R. Towards robotic heart surgery: introduction of autonomous procedures into an experimental surgical telemanipulator system. Int J Med Robot 2005; 1:74-9. [PMID: 17518393 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of telemanipulator systems into cardiac surgery enabled the heart surgeon to perform minimally invasive procedures with high precision and stereoscopic view. For further improvement and especially for inclusion of autonomous action sequences, implementation of force-feedback is necessary. The aim of our study was to provide a robotic scenario giving the surgeon an impression very similar to open procedures (high immersion) and to enable autonomous surgical knot tying with delicate suture material. In this experimental set-up the feasibility of autonomous surgical knot tying is demonstrated for the first time using stereoscopic view and force feedback.
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Horák P, Knoll A, André C, Cadieu E, Dvorák J. Polymorphism analysis and RH mapping of the canine Usher syndrome 1G (USH1G) gene to CFA9. Anim Genet 2005; 36:270-1. [PMID: 15932419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stratil A, Knorr C, Knoll A, Kubícková S, Musilová P, Van Poucke M, Rubes J, Brenig B, Peelman LJ. Assignment of the porcine SKI and GABRD genes to chromosome 6q22-q23. Anim Genet 2005; 36:272-3. [PMID: 15932421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cepica S, Masopust M, Knoll A, Rohrer GA. Linkage and RH mapping of the porcine adiponectin gene on chromosome 13. Anim Genet 2005; 36:276-7. [PMID: 15932423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bauernschmitt R, Schirmbeck EU, Knoll A, Mayer H, Nagy I, Wessel N, Wildhirt SM, Lange R. Towards robotic heart surgery: Introduction of autonomous procedures into an experimental surgical telemanipulator. Int J Med Robot 2005. [DOI: 10.1581/mrcas.2005.010304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Knoll A, Lyakhova KS, Horvat A, Krausch G, Sevink GJA, Zvelindovsky AV, Magerle R. Direct imaging and mesoscale modelling of phase transitions in a nanostructured fluid. NATURE MATERIALS 2004; 3:886-891. [PMID: 15568030 DOI: 10.1038/nmat1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of phase transitions is essential for understanding pattern formation in structured fluids. These fluids play a key role in the morphogenesis of biological cells, and they are very common in pharmaceutical products and plastic materials. Until now, it has not been possible to follow phase transitions in structured fluids experimentally in real time and with high spatial resolution. Previous work has relied on static images and indirect experimental evidence from spatially averaging scattering experiments. Simulating the processes with computer models is a further challenge because of the multiple time and length scales involved. Our movies based on in situ scanning force microscopy show the time sequence of the elementary steps of a phase transition in a fluid film of block copolymer from the cylinder to the perforated lamella phase. The movies validate a versatile simulation model that gives physical insight into the nature of the process. Our approach provides a means of improving the study and understanding of pattern formation processes in nanostructured fluids. We expect a significant impact on nanotechnology where block copolymers serve as self-organized templates for the synthesis of inorganic nanostructured materials.
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Knoll A, Maier B, Tscherrig H, Büchs J. Fermentationen unter erhöhten Drücken. CHEM-ING-TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200490191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Bell JF, Brückner J, Cabrol NA, Calvin W, Carr MH, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Crumpler L, Des Marais DJ, D'Uston C, Economou T, Farmer J, Farrand W, Folkner W, Golombek M, Gorevan S, Grant JA, Greeley R, Grotzinger J, Haskin L, Herkenhoff KE, Hviid S, Johnson J, Klingelhöfer G, Knoll A, Landis G, Lemmon M, Li R, Madsen MB, Malin MC, McLennan SM, McSween HY, Ming DW, Moersch J, Morris RV, Parker T, Rice JW, Richter L, Rieder R, Sims M, Smith M, Smith P, Soderblom LA, Sullivan R, Wänke H, Wdowiak T, Wolff M, Yen A. The Spirit Rover's Athena science investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars. SCIENCE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2004; 305:794-9. [PMID: 15297657 DOI: 10.1126/science.1100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and its Athena science payload have been used to investigate a landing site in Gusev crater. Gusev is hypothesized to be the site of a former lake, but no clear evidence for lacustrine sedimentation has been found to date. Instead, the dominant lithology is basalt, and the dominant geologic processes are impact events and eolian transport. Many rocks exhibit coatings and other characteristics that may be evidence for minor aqueous alteration. Any lacustrine sediments that may exist at this location within Gusev apparently have been buried by lavas that have undergone subsequent impact disruption.
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Bell JF, Brückner J, Cabrol NA, Calvin W, Carr MH, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Crumpler L, Des Marais DJ, d'Uston C, Economou T, Farmer J, Farrand W, Folkner W, Golombek M, Gorevan S, Grant JA, Greeley R, Grotzinger J, Haskin L, Herkenhoff KE, Hviid S, Johnson J, Klingelhöfer G, Knoll A, Landis G, Lemmon M, Li R, Madsen MB, Malin MC, McLennan SM, McSween HY, Ming DW, Moersch J, Morris RV, Parker T, Rice JW, Richter L, Rieder R, Sims M, Smith M, Smith P, Soderblom LA, Sullivan R, Wänke H, Wdowiak T, Wolff M, Yen A. The Spirit Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars. Science 2004. [DOI: 10.1126/science.3050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Cepica S, Procházka R, Civánová K, Knoll A, Nemcová L, Masopust M, Kubícková S, Musilová P, Rubes J. Partial molecular characterization and mapping of the GDF9 gene to porcine chromosome 2. Anim Genet 2004; 35:261-2. [PMID: 15147411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Knoll A, Stratil A, Vykoukalová Z, Van Poucke M, Bartenschlager H, Peelman LJ, Geldermann H. Polymorphism analysis and mapping to SSC4 of the porcine apolipoprotein A2 (APOA2) gene. Anim Genet 2004; 34:384-6. [PMID: 14510677 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.01036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Böker A, Elbs H, Hänsel H, Knoll A, Ludwigs S, Zettl H, Zvelindovsky AV, Sevink GJA, Urban V, Abetz V, Müller AHE, Krausch G. Electric Field Induced Alignment of Concentrated Block Copolymer Solutions. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma021347k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vykoukalová Z, Knoll A, Dvorák J, Rohrer GA, Cepica S. Linkage and radiation hybrid mapping of the porcine MYF6 gene to chromosome 5. Anim Genet 2003; 34:238-40. [PMID: 12755833 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.01012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rehse N, Knoll A, Magerle R, Krausch G. Surface Reconstructions of Lamellar ABC Triblock Copolymer Mesostructures. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma021134v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jolliff B, Knoll A, Morris RV, Moersch J, McSween H, Gilmore M, Arvidson R, Greeley R, Herkenhoff K, Squyres S. Remotely sensed geology from lander-based to orbital perspectives: Results of FIDO rover May 2000 field tests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Knoll A, Stratil A, Reiner G, Peelman LJ, Van Poucke M, Geldermann H. Linkage and radiation hybrid mapping of the porcine calsequestrin 1 (CASQ1 ) gene to chromosome 4q. Anim Genet 2002; 33:390-2. [PMID: 12354156 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00896_10.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Böker A, Elbs H, Hänsel H, Knoll A, Ludwigs S, Zettl H, Urban V, Abetz V, Müller AHE, Krausch G. Microscopic mechanisms of electric-field-induced alignment of block copolymer microdomains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:135502. [PMID: 12225034 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.135502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the microscopic mechanisms responsible for microdomain alignment in block copolymer solutions exposed to an electric field. Using time-resolved synchrotron small-angle x-ray scattering, we reveal two distinct processes, i.e., grain boundary migration and rotation of entire grains, as the two dominant microscopic mechanisms. The former dominates in weakly segregating systems, while the latter is predominant in strongly segregated systems. The kinetics of the processes are followed as a function of polymer concentration and temperature and are correlated to the solution viscosity.
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Knoll A, Horvat A, Lyakhova KS, Krausch G, Sevink GJA, Zvelindovsky AV, Magerle R. Phase behavior in thin films of cylinder-forming block copolymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:035501. [PMID: 12144400 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.035501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have experimentally determined a phase diagram for cylinder-forming polystyrene-block-polybutadien-block-polystyrene triblock copolymer in thin films. The phase behavior can be modeled in great detail by dynamic density functional theory. Deviations from the bulk structure, such as wetting layer, perforated lamella, and lamella, are identified as surface reconstructions. Their stability regions are determined by an interplay between surface fields and confinement effects.
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Lysetska M, Knoll A, Boehringer D, Hey T, Krauss G, Krausch G. UV light-damaged DNA and its interaction with human replication protein A: an atomic force microscopy study. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:2686-91. [PMID: 12060686 PMCID: PMC117290 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkf378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have imaged a non-damaged and UV-damaged DNA fragment and its complexes with human replication protein A (RPA) using tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). For imaging, molecules were immobilized under nearly physiological conditions on mica surfaces. Quantitative sizing of the 538 bp DNA before and after UV light treatment shows a reduction in the contour and persistence lengths and mean square end-to-end distance as a consequence of UV irradiation. Complexes of the UV-damaged DNA with RPA, an essential component of the initial steps of nucleotide excision repair, can be detected at high resolution with AFM and reveal conformational changes of the DNA related to complex formation. By phase image analysis we are able to discriminate between protein and DNA in the complexes. The DNA molecules are found to 'wrap' around the RPA, which in turn results in a considerable reduction in its apparent contour length.
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Knoll A, Dvorák J, Rohrer GA, Cepica S. Linkage and cytogenetic mapping of the BCL9 gene to porcine chromosome 4. Anim Genet 2002; 33:162-3. [PMID: 12047235 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.0831e.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kilger E, Weis FC, Goetz AE, Frey L, Kesel K, Schütz A, Lamm P, Uberfuhr P, Knoll A, Felbinger TW, Peter K. Intensive care after minimally invasive and conventional coronary surgery: a prospective comparison. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:534-9. [PMID: 11355122 DOI: 10.1007/s001340000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the intensive care course of patients after minimally invasive coronary surgery to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS One hundred and five patients with two-vessel disease consecutively scheduled for elective coronary bypass surgery were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS Two techniques of revascularization were performed: the Octopus procedure via median sternotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 52) and conventional coronary artery bypass grafting CABG (n = 53). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Three major categories describing the patients' postoperative course were defined: (1) clinical and laboratory findings, i.e., transfusion rate, catecholamine support, duration of ventilation, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), serum levels of cardiac enzymes and lactic acid; (2) postoperative complications, i.e., incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), atrial fibrillation (AF), and neurological deficits; (3) this category was defined as "the extent of care" as represented by the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS), and the length of stay in the ICU and in the hospital. In the Octopus group significantly lower figures were noted for duration of ventilation [6.1(5.5/9.5) vs 10.2(8.2/11.8) h], cardiac enzymes (CK-MB-Mass [5.1(2.0/8.3) vs 31.3(21.4/39.3) ng/ml], and lactic acid [2.0(1.5/3.3) vs 3.2(2.2/6.5) mmol/l]), incidence of AF (2/52 vs 9/53), and neurological deficits (0/52 vs 4/53), TISS score [72(44/83) vs 84(73/93)], LOS in the ICU [2(1/2) vs 2(2/2) days], and in the hospital [6(5/9) vs 9(8/12) days]. Catecholamine support, SAPS II scores, and incidence of MI of each group did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS Off-pump coronary surgery via the Octopus technique was superior to conventional CABG regarding the course of patients in the early postoperative period. This implies benefits for the patients and the entire healthcare system.
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