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Yang B, Chen H, Gu Z, Tian F, Ross RP, Stanton C, Chen YQ, Chen W, Zhang H. Synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid by the linoleate isomerase complex in food-derived lactobacilli. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:430-9. [PMID: 24750362 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess strains of lactobacilli for their capacity to produce functional fatty acid-conjugated linoleic acid. To assess the linoleate isomerase for CLA production in the most efficient CLA producer. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, strains of food-derived lactobacilli were cultured in media with linoleic acid and CLA production was assessed. Most of the selected strains produced CLA at different levels, with Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058 being the most efficient CLA producer converting over 50% of linoleic acid to c9, t11-CLA and t9, t11-CLA. Some intermediates 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, 10-oxo-cis-12-octadecenoic acid and 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid were determined via GC-MS. The genes coding the multicomponent linoleate isomerase containing myosin-cross-reactive antigen, short-chain dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase and acetoacetate decarboxylase for CLA production in Lact. plantarum ZS2058 were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. With the mixture of recombinant E. coli, c9, t11-CLA and three kinds of intermediates were produced from linoleic acid, which were in line with those in the lactobacilli. CONCLUSIONS The ability for CLA production by lactobacilli exhibited variation. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lact. bulgaricus were the most efficient producers in the selected strains. Lact. plantarum ZS2058 converted linoleic acid to CLAs with 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, 10-oxo-cis-12-octadecenoic acid and 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid as intermediates. The multiple-step reactions for CLA production catalysed by multicomponent linoleate isomerase in Lact. plantarum ZS2058 were confirmed successfully. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Multicomponent linoleate isomerase provides important results for the illustration of the mechanism for CLA production in lactic acid bacteria. Food-derived lactobacilli with CLA production ability offers novel opportunities for functional foods development.
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Stanton C, Sussman E. A Survey on Awareness and Interest Towards Proactive Egg Freezing among Women 25 - 35 Years Old. Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Power SE, Jeffery IB, Ross RP, Stanton C, O'Toole PW, O'Connor EM, Fitzgerald GF. Food and nutrient intake of Irish community-dwelling elderly subjects: who is at nutritional risk? J Nutr Health Aging 2014; 18:561-72. [PMID: 24950145 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-014-0449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the dietary intakes of Irish community-dwelling elderly individuals, participating in the ELDERMET project. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Cork city and county region of southern Ireland. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and eight (94 males, 114 females) community-dwelling subjects aged 64-93 yrs. MEASUREMENTS Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric data were recorded. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). RESULTS A high rate of overweight/obesity was observed in this population group. Consumption of energy-dense, low-nutrient foods was excessive among this population group. Older elderly subjects (≥75 yrs) consumed significantly (P<0.01) more desserts/sweets than younger elderly (64-74 yrs). Intakes of dietary fat and saturated fat were high while dairy food consumption was inadequate in both males and females. Elderly females typically had a more nutrient-dense diet than males. A considerable proportion of subjects, particularly males, had inadequate intakes of calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, folate, zinc and vitamin C. CONCLUSION The data indicate that the diet of Irish community-dwelling elderly individuals is sub-optimal with respect to nutrient intake, and excessive in terms of fat intake, with implications for the health status of this population group. Reductions in dietary fat and increased low fat dairy food intakes are recommended for the prevention of diet-related disease in older persons. In addition, strategies to improve a number of sub-optimal micronutrient intakes need to be developed and implemented, particularly among elderly males.
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Moloney A, Mooney M, Kerry J, Stanton C, O'Kiely P. Colour of fat, and colour, fatty acid composition and sensory characteristics of muscle from heifers offered alternative forages to grass silage in a finishing ration. Meat Sci 2013; 95:608-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Harrison M, Burke D, Fleming C, Mccarthy M, Shortt C, O'Callaghan G, Murphy D, Shanahan F, Hill C, Ross P, Stanton C, Eustace J, Rea M, Plant B. WS3.5 Clostridium difficile in adult cystic fibrosis (CF): Prevalence, ribotyping and toxigenic capability. A prospective study. J Cyst Fibros 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(13)60017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lakshminarayanan B, Guinane C, O'Connor P, Coakley M, Hill C, Stanton C, O'Toole P, Ross R. Isolation and characterization of bacteriocin-producing bacteria from the intestinal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects. J Appl Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tuncalp O, Stanton C, Castro A, Adanu R, Heymann M, Adu-Bonsaffoh K, Lattof S, Langer A. W407 VALIDATING WOMEN'S SELF-REPORT OF EMERGENCY CESAREAN DELIVERY IN GHANA AND THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)62128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Doherty SB, Auty MA, Stanton C, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Brodkorb A. Application of whey protein micro-bead coatings for enhanced strength and probiotic protection during fruit juice storage and gastric incubation. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:713-28. [PMID: 22970750 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2011.638994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Coated whey protein micro-beads may improve probiotic protection and provide delayed cell-release mechanisms. OBJECTIVE Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was encapsulated in whey protein micro-beads by droplet extrusion with coating via electrostatic deposition: primary-polysaccharide and secondary-whey protein. MATERIALS AND METHODS Storage studies were performed in cranberry and pomegranate juice (pH 2.4; 28 days; 4 and 25°C) followed by simulated ex vivo porcine gastric (pH 1.6) and intestinal (pH 6.6) digestion. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION After storage and simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, free cells, cells suspended in protein and cells encapsulated in alginate micro-beads, illustrated complete probiotic mortality, while coated micro-beads enhanced probiotic viability after juice storage (8.6 ± 0.1 log(10)CFUmL(-1)). Beads also showed significant binding of hydrophobic molecules. Coated micro-beads illustrated high gastric survival (9.5 ± 0.1 log(10)CFUmL(-1)) with 30 min delayed intestinal release relative to non-coated micro-beads. CONCLUSIONS Micro-bead coatings could be applied in delayed cell-release for targeted intestinal probiotic delivery.
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Kent RM, Guinane CM, O'Connor PM, Fitzgerald GF, Hill C, Stanton C, Ross RP. Production of the antimicrobial peptides Caseicin A and B by Bacillus isolates growing on sodium caseinate. Lett Appl Microbiol 2012; 55:141-8. [PMID: 22642665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2012.03271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to identify Bacillus isolates capable of degrading sodium caseinate and subsequently to generate bioactive peptides with antimicrobial activity. METHODS AND RESULTS Sodium caseinate (2.5% w/v) was inoculated separately with 16 Bacillus isolates and allowed to ferment overnight. Protein breakdown in the fermentates was analysed using gel permeation-HPLC (GP-HPLC) and screened for peptides (<3-kDa) with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Caseicin A (IKHQGLPQE) and caseicin B (VLNENLLR), two previously characterized antimicrobial peptides, were identified in the fermentates of both Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis isolates. The caseicin peptides were subsequently purified by RP-HPLC and antimicrobial assays indicated that the peptides maintained the previously identified inhibitory activity against the infant formula pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii. CONCLUSIONS We report a new method using Bacillus sp. to generate two previously characterized antimicrobial peptides from casein. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study highlights the potential to exploit Bacillus sp. or the enzymes they produce for the generation of bioactive antimicrobial peptides from bovine casein.
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Barrett E, Ross R, O'Toole P, Fitzgerald G, Stanton C. γ-Aminobutyric acid production by culturable bacteria from the human intestine. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:411-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 665] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Patterson E, Wall R, Fitzgerald GF, Ross RP, Stanton C. Health implications of high dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated Fatty acids. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:539426. [PMID: 22570770 PMCID: PMC3335257 DOI: 10.1155/2012/539426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (e.g., arachidonic acid (AA)) and omega-3 (n-3) PUFA (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) are precursors to potent lipid mediator signalling molecules, termed "eicosanoids," which have important roles in the regulation of inflammation. In general, eicosanoids derived from n-6 PUFA are proinflammatory while eicosanoids derived from n-3 PUFA are anti-inflammatory. Dietary changes over the past few decades in the intake of n-6 and n-3 PUFA show striking increases in the (n-6) to (n-3) ratio (~15 : 1), which are associated with greater metabolism of the n-6 PUFA compared with n-3 PUFA. Coinciding with this increase in the ratio of (n-6) : (n-3) PUFA are increases in chronic inflammatory diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). By increasing the ratio of (n-3) : (n-6) PUFA in the Western diet, reductions may be achieved in the incidence of these chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Doherty S, Auty M, Stanton C, Ross R, Fitzgerald G, Brodkorb A. Survival of entrapped Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in whey protein micro-beads during simulated ex vivo gastro-intestinal transit. Int Dairy J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Stanton C. Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2011.00710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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O'Sullivan E, Barrett E, Grenham S, Fitzgerald P, Stanton C, Ross RP, Quigley EMM, Cryan JF, Dinan TG. BDNF expression in the hippocampus of maternally separated rats: does Bifidobacterium breve 6330 alter BDNF levels? Benef Microbes 2011; 2:199-207. [PMID: 21986359 DOI: 10.3920/bm2011.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is of interest because of its putative role in stress and psychiatric disorders. Maternal separation is used as an animal model of early-life stress and of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Animals exposed to the paradigm show altered gut function together with heightened levels of arousal and corticosterone. Some probiotic organisms have been shown to be of benefit in IBS and influence the brain-gut axis. Our objective was to investigate the effects of maternal separation on BDNF under basal conditions and in response to the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve 6330. The study implemented the maternal separation model which we have previously described. Polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridisation were performed to measure the effect of maternal separation on both BDNF total variants and BDNF splice variant (exon) IV in the hippocampus. Maternally separated and non-separated rats were treated with B. breve 6330, to investigate the effect of this probiotic on BDNF total variant and BDNF exon IV expression. Maternal separation increased BDNF total variants (P<0.01), whilst having no effect on BDNF exon IV. B. breve 6330 increased BDNF total variants (P<0.01), and decreased BDNF splice variant IV, in non-separated rats (P<0.01). B. breve 6330 did not alter BDNF levels in the maternally separated rats. Maternal separation caused a marked increase in BDNF in the hippocampus. While B. breve 6330 influenced BDNF in normal animals, it had no significant effect on BDNF in those which were maternally separated. We have demonstrated that an orally administered probiotic can influence hippocampal BDNF.
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Doherty S, Gee V, Ross R, Stanton C, Fitzgerald G, Brodkorb A. Development and characterisation of whey protein micro-beads as potential matrices for probiotic protection. Food Hydrocoll 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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O'Sullivan Ó, Coakley M, Lakshminarayanan B, Claesson MJ, Stanton C, O'Toole PW, Ross RP. Correlation of rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing and bacterial culture for microbial compositional analysis of faecal samples from elderly Irish subjects. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:467-73. [PMID: 21718396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this investigation was to establish the degree of correlation between measurements from culture-dependent microbiological techniques and from next generation sequencing technologies. METHODS AND RESULTS Data generated by both techniques were collected from faecal samples from 185 elderly Irish people involved in the ongoing ELDERMET study (http://eldermet.ucc.ie). The results for three groups of intestinal bacteria were compared. Bifidobacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp. and Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated on selective media through culture-dependent techniques, whereas proportions of these bacteria were determined through sequencing technology against the background of other bacteria. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient determined a good correlation between results from culture-dependent microbiology and culture-independent techniques for all three bacterial groups assessed (correlation coefficients for Bifidobacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp. and Enterobacteriaceae were 0·380, 0·366 and 0·437, respectively). CONCLUSION Correlation between the two methods implies that a single method is capable of profiling intestinal Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae populations. However, both methods have advantages that justify their use in tandem. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first extensive study to compare bacterial counts from culture-dependent microbiological techniques and from next generation sequencing technologies.
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Mills S, Ross R, Hill C, Fitzgerald G, Stanton C. Milk intelligence: Mining milk for bioactive substances associated with human health. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Mills S, Stanton C, Hill C, Ross R. New Developments and Applications of Bacteriocins and Peptides in Foods. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2011; 2:299-329. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-022510-133721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Murphy EF, Cotter PD, Healy S, Marques TM, O'Sullivan O, Fouhy F, Clarke SF, O'Toole PW, Quigley EM, Stanton C, Ross PR, O'Doherty RM, Shanahan F. Composition and energy harvesting capacity of the gut microbiota: relationship to diet, obesity and time in mouse models. Gut 2010; 59:1635-42. [PMID: 20926643 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2010.215665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 657] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased efficiency of energy harvest, due to alterations in the gut microbiota (increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes), has been implicated in obesity in mice and humans. However, a causal relationship is unproven and contributory variables include diet, genetics and age. Therefore, we explored the effect of a high-fat (HF) diet and genetically determined obesity (ob/ob) for changes in microbiota and energy harvesting capacity over time. METHODS Seven-week-old male ob/ob mice were fed a low-fat diet and wild-type mice were fed either a low-fat diet or a HF-diet for 8 weeks (n=8/group). They were assessed at 7, 11 and 15 weeks of age for: fat and lean body mass (by NMR); faecal and caecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, by gas chromatography); faecal energy content (by bomb calorimetry) and microbial composition (by metagenomic pyrosequencing). RESULTS A progressive increase in Firmicutes was confirmed in both HF-fed and ob/ob mice reaching statistical significance in the former, but this phylum was unchanged over time in the lean controls. Reductions in Bacteroidetes were also found in ob/ob mice. However, changes in the microbiota were dissociated from markers of energy harvest. Thus, although the faecal energy in the ob/ob mice was significantly decreased at 7 weeks, and caecal SCFA increased, these did not persist and faecal acetate diminished over time in both ob/ob and HF-fed mice, but not in lean controls. Furthermore, the proportion of the major phyla did not correlate with energy harvest markers. CONCLUSION The relationship between the microbial composition and energy harvesting capacity is more complex than previously considered. While compositional changes in the faecal microbiota were confirmed, this was primarily a feature of high-fat feeding rather than genetically induced obesity. In addition, changes in the proportions of the major phyla were unrelated to markers of energy harvest which changed over time. The possibility of microbial adaptation to diet and time should be considered in future studies.
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Doherty S, Wang L, Ross R, Stanton C, Fitzgerald G, Brodkorb A. Use of viability staining in combination with flow cytometry for rapid viability assessment of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in complex protein matrices. J Microbiol Methods 2010; 82:301-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Muller JA, Stanton C, Sybesma W, Fitzgerald GF, Ross RP. Reconstitution conditions for dried probiotic powders represent a critical step in determining cell viability. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:1369-79. [PMID: 19796125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Resuscitation of dried cultures represents a critical control point in obtaining active and effective probiotic strains. This study examined the effects of various rehydration conditions on the viability of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 and Lactobacillus johnsonii La1. METHODS AND RESULTS Reconstitution conditions for these strains were optimized using a multivariate experimental design approach. Furthermore, using flow cytometry, the cell integrity was followed during reconstitution. By adjusting the pH, availability of a metabolizable sugar, reconstitution duration, powder matrix and ratio of powder to reconstitution solution, the recovery of Bif. longum NCC3001 and Lact. johnsonii La1 following reconstitution was increased eight- and two-fold, respectively, over standard reconstitution in maximum recovery diluent. It was shown that pH had a significant effect on the recovery of Bif. longum NCC3001 and Lact. johnsonii La1. CONCLUSIONS The recovery of dried probiotic cultures is greatly dependent on the reconstitution conditions. The maximum recovery of 11.7 (10)log CFU g(-1) Bif. longum NCC3001 was achieved at 30-min reconstitution at pH 8, in the presence of 2% L-arabinose and a ratio of 1:100 of powder to diluent. Lact. johnsonii La1 showed highest recovery (9.3 (10)log CFU g(-1)) after reconstitution, when mixed with maltodextrin at pH 4. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To achieve accurate viable probiotic numbers from dried probiotic cultures, the reconstitution conditions should be optimized for the strain used.
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Ananta E, Birkeland SE, Corcoran B, Fitzgerald G, Hinz S, Klijn A, Mättö J, Mercernier A, Nilsson U, Nyman M, O'Sullivan E, Parche S, Rautonen N, Ross R, Saarela M, Stanton C, Stahl U, Suomalainen T, Vincken JP, Virkajärvi I, Voragen F, Wesenfeld J, Wouters R, Knorr D. Processing effects on the nutritional advancement of probiotics and prebiotics. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600410032277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hennessy A, Ross R, Devery R, Stanton C. Optimization of a reconstituted skim milk based medium for enhanced CLA production by bifidobacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:1315-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Wall R, Ross R, Ryan C, Hussey S, Murphy B, Fitzgerald G, Stanton C. Role of gut microbiota in early infant development. CLINICAL MEDICINE. PEDIATRICS 2009; 3:45-54. [PMID: 23818794 PMCID: PMC3676293 DOI: 10.4137/cmped.s2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early colonization of the infant gastrointestinal tract is crucial for the overall health of the infant, and establishment and maintenance of non-pathogenic intestinal microbiota may reduce several neonatal inflammatory conditions. Much effort has therefore been devoted to manipulation of the composition of the microbiota through 1) the role of early infant nutrition, particularly breast milk, and supplementation of infant formula with prebiotics that positively influence the enteric microbiota by selectively promoting growth of beneficial bacteria and 2) oral administration of probiotic bacteria which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. While the complex microbiota of the adult is difficult to change in the long-term, there is greater impact of the diet on infant microbiota as this is not as stable as in adults. Decreasing excessive use of antibiotics and increasing the use of pre- and probiotics have shown to be beneficial in the prevention of several important infant diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis and atopic eczema as well as improvement of short and long-term health. This review addresses how the composition of the gut microbiota becomes established in early life, its relevance to infant health, and dietary means by which it can be manipulated.
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Hayes M, Barrett E, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Hill C, Stanton C. Evaluation of an antimicrobial ingredient prepared from a Lactobacillus acidophilus casein fermentate against Enterobacter sakazakii. J Food Prot 2009; 72:340-6. [PMID: 19350978 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.2.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Previously two antimicrobial peptides, IKHQGLPQE (caseicin A) and VLNENLLR (caseicin B), were identified following the fermentation of sodium caseinate with the proteolytic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus DPC 6026. This study evaluated the ability of these peptides to kill Enterobacter sakazakii ATCC 12868 spiked in reconstituted infant formula. The survival of E. sakazakii populations in reconstituted infant formula containing a sodium caseinate fermentate was compared with survival in formula containing positive (monocaprylin) and negative controls. The L. acidophilus DPC 6026 sodium caseinate fermentate reduced pathogen numbers by >4 log CFU/ml at 37 degrees C, comparing favorably with the activity of monocaprylin. Additionally, E. sakazakii NCTC 8155 was inoculated into pasteurized, reconstituted infant formula (6 log CFUlml) followed by the addition of increasing concentrations of the fermentate (0.21 to 6.7% [wt/vol]). At a concentration of 0.21% (wt/vol), pathogen viability was maintained over 4 h at 6.0 log CFU/ml. In contrast, pathogen numbers increased approximately 100-fold in the control formula in the same time frame. At higher final fermentate concentrations (-3.33% [wt/vol]), numbers were reduced to 0 log CFU/ml over 60 min. The spectrum of activity of the fermentate against other foodborne pathogens was also determined and shown to be effective against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria innocua. Results indicate the potential of this fermentate as a built-in protection mechanism against E. sakazakii strains in reconstituted infant formula.
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