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Olias P, Schulz E, Ehlers B, Ochs A, Mundhenk L, Klopfleisch R. Metastatic endocervical adenocarcinoma in a western lowland gorilla (Gorilla g. gorilla): no evidence of virus-induced carcinogenesis. J Med Primatol 2012; 41:142-6. [PMID: 22273046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2011.00533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical Cancer is the second most common cancer among women. Nevertheless, similar tumours have only been rarely described in Great Apes. This report characterizes the pathological and molecular features of a metastatic endocervical adenocarcinoma in a Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla g. gorilla). METHODS Necropsy and histopathology was performed to identify the cause of the disease in an cachectic 50-year-old western lowland gorilla. Immunohistochemistry for Ki67, oestrogen receptor alpha and ERBB2 was performed to characterize the tumor. In addition, Pan-herpesvirus and Pan-papillomavirus PCR were used to identify a possible viral cause. RESULTS The endoccervical carcinoma showed a severe metastatic spread to the lung, brain and bone and was herpesvirus and papillomavirus-negative. Most tumor cells were ERBB2-positive, 15% of tumor cells were Ki67-positive and only few tumor cells had oestrogen receptor alpha expression. CONCLUSIONS Histopathologically and immunohistochemically, the tumour had striking similarities to human endocervicial adenocarcinomas of the common type. However, PCR analysis failed to identify herpes- or papillomaviral DNA in the tumor at the time of necropsy, thus leaving the question for cause of the disease open.
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Sill H, Olipitz W, Zebisch A, Schulz E, Wölfler A. Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms: pathobiology and clinical characteristics. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:792-805. [PMID: 21039422 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs) are serious long-term consequences of cytotoxic treatments for an antecedent disorder. t-MNs are observed after ionizing radiation as well as conventional chemotherapy including alkylating agents, topoisomerase-II-inhibitors and antimetabolites. In addition, adjuvant use of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor may also increase the risk of t-MNs. There is clinical and biological overlap between t-MNs and high-risk de novo myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemia suggesting similar mechanisms of leukaemogenesis. Human studies and animal models point to a prominent role of genetic susceptibilty in the pathogenesis of t-MNs. Common genetic variants have been identified that modulate t-MN risk, and t-MNs have been observed in some cancer predisposition syndromes. In either case, establishing a leukaemic phenotype requires acquisition of somatic mutations - most likely induced by the cytotoxic treatment. Knowledge of the specific nature of the initiating exposure has allowed the identification of crucial pathogenetic mechanisms and for these to be modelled in vitro and in vivo. Prognosis of patients with t-MNs is dismal and at present, the only curative approach for the majority of these individuals is haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is characterized by high transplant-related mortality rates. Novel transplantation strategies using reduced intensity conditioning regimens as well as novel drugs - demethylating agents and targeted therapies - await clinical testing and may improve outcome. Ultimately, individual assessment of genetic risk factors may translate into tailored therapies and establish a strategy for reducing t-MN incidences without jeopardizing therapeutic success rates for the primary disorders.
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Haberer B, Schulz E, Flachowsky G. Effects of β-glucanase and xylanase supplementation in pigs fed a diet rich in nonstarch polysaccharides: disappearance and disappearance rate of nutrients including the nonstarch polysaccharides in stomach and small intestine. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Haberer B, Schulz E, Aulrich K, Flachowsky G. Effects of β-glucanase and xylanase supplementation in pigs fed a diet rich in nonstarch polysaccharides: composition of digesta in different prececal segments and postprandial time. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schmidt AJ, Krieg JC, Clement HW, Gebhardt S, Schulz E, Heiser P. Impact of drugs approved for treating ADHD on the cell survival and energy metabolism: an in-vitro study in human neuronal and immune cells. J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24:1829-33. [PMID: 19605603 DOI: 10.1177/0269881109105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative and antioxidative properties of psychostimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are discussed controversially. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of psychostimulants and atomoxetine in different concentrations between 31.25 and 5000 ng/ml on the survival of human neuronal (neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y) and immune (monocytic U-937) cells and the impact of psychostimulants and atomoxetine in different concentrations between 500 and 5000 ng/ml on energy metabolism (adenosine triphosphate [ATP] content) in SH-SY5Y cells. Statistical analysis revealed that incubation for 24 h with amphetamine led to a significantly enhanced cell survival in both cell lines after treatment with various (32.5, 125, 250 and 1250 ng/ml) concentrations. Methylphenidate and atomoxetine induced a significantly enhanced cell survival at lower concentrations in the SH-SY5Y cell line, whereas in the U-937 cell line higher concentrations increased the cell survival. Incubation with the highest concentration of methylphenidate (5000 ng/ml) caused a significant reduction of cell survival in both cell types. Measurement of ATP contents in the neuronal cell line revealed no significant effects of the investigated compounds. Our results show that the examined substances exert concentration-dependent effects on cell survival in both applied cell lines.
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Heiser P, Sommer O, Schmidt AJ, Clement HW, Hoinkes A, Hopt UT, Schulz E, Krieg JC, Dobschütz E. Effects of antipsychotics and vitamin C on the formation of reactive oxygen species. J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24:1499-504. [PMID: 19282419 DOI: 10.1177/0269881109102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Indirect biochemical alterations of ROS formation have been shown for patients treated with antipsychotics as well as for untreated patients. Only one study measured directly the ROS formation after treatment with antipsychotics by using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The aim of the present examination was to demonstrate the effects of haloperidol, clozapine and olanzapine in concentrations of 18, 90 and 180 μg/mL on the formation of ROS in the whole blood of rats by using electron spin resonance spectroscopy after incubation for 30 min. To test the protective capacity of vitamin C we incubated the highest concentration of each drug with vitamin C (1 mM). Under all treatment conditions, olanzapine led to a significantly higher formation of ROS compared with control conditions, whereas in the cases of haloperidol and clozapine the two higher concentrations induced a significantly enhanced formation of ROS. Vitamin C reduced the ROS production of all drugs tested and for haloperidol and clozapine the level of significance was reached. Our study demonstrated that antipsychotics induce the formation of ROS in the whole blood of rats, which can be reduced by the application of vitamin C.
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Melchert UH, Buchholz M, Stöckelhuber BM, Schulz E. Ermittlung und Darstellung der Strahlenbelastung in der Kinderradiologie mittels Monte-Carlo-Simulation. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schulz E, Stöckelhuber BM, Buchholz M, Melchert UH. Erhöhtes Risiko und mögliche Schäden nach Strahlenexposition im Kindesalter. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Buchholz M, Schulz E, Melchert UH, Stöckelhuber BM. Klinische Indikationen und Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes alternativer Methoden. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schmidt AJ, Krieg JC, Clement HW, Hemmeter UM, Schulz E, Vedder H, Heiser P. Effects of quetiapine, risperidone, 9-hydroxyrisperidone and ziprasidone on the survival of human neuronal and immune cells in vitro. J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24:349-54. [PMID: 18755815 DOI: 10.1177/0269881108096506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because there are reports on cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects of antipsychotics, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the impacts of different concentrations (1.6-50 microg/mL) of atypical antipsychotics on the survival of human neuronal (neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y) and immune (monocytic U-937) cells and on energy metabolism (ATP level after the incubation with antipsychotics in the concentration of 25 microg/mL). Statistical analysis showed that incubation for 24 h with the antipsychotics quetiapine, risperidone, 9-hydroxyrisperidone and ziprasidone led to a significantly enhanced cell survival in both cell lines in the lower concentrations. Higher concentrations exerted in part cytotoxic effects with the exception of quetiapine, but therapeutically relevant concentrations of the drugs were not cytotoxic in our experiments. Measurement of ATP contents in the neuronal cell line showed significantly increased levels after a 24-h treatment with 25 microg/mL risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone. The other substances produced no effects. Our results show that the antipsychotic substances under investigation exert concentration-dependent effects on cell survival in both cell lines examined.
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Stöckelhuber BM, Schulz E, Melchert UH, Buchholz M. Faktoren und Maßnahmen zur Dosisreduzierung in der Kinderradiologie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Brockes M, Neuhaus Bühler R, Schulz E, Neumann C, Schmidt-Weitmann S. Medizinische Online-Beratung im Universitätsspital Zürich vor und nach Einführung einer Bearbeitungsgebühr. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2010; 135:231-5. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1244838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schulz E. Bullöse Effloreszenzen bei chronischer Hämodialyse. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009; 134:2416. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schulz E, Oslage HJ. Untersuchungen zur intestinalen Hydrolyse von Inositphosphorsäureester und zur Absorption von Phytinphosphor beim Schwein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1972.tb00170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schulz E, Oslage HJ. Untersuchungen zur intestinalen Hydrolyse von Inositphosphorsäureester und zur Absorption von Phytinphosphor beim Schwein1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1972.tb00166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schulz E, Tiemann L, Ploner M. Neurophysiological correlates of the subjective pain experience. AKTUELLE NEUROLOGIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tiemann L, Schulz E, Ploner M. Schmerz beansprucht Aufmerksamkeit – eine EEG- und verhaltensbasierte Studie. AKTUELLE NEUROLOGIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schulz E, Bettenhäuser K. Zur röntgenologischen Differenzierung von Darmlageanomalien. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1227374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schuhmacher S, Schulz E, Oelze M, König A, Roegler C, Lange K, Sydow L, Kawamoto T, Wenzel P, Münzel T, Lehmann J, Daiber A. A new class of organic nitrates: investigations on bioactivation, tolerance and cross-tolerance phenomena. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:510-20. [PMID: 19563531 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The chronic use of organic nitrates is limited by serious side effects including oxidative stress, nitrate tolerance and/or endothelial dysfunction. The side effects and potency of nitroglycerine depend on mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2). We sought to determine whether this concept can be extended to a new class of organic nitrates with amino moieties (aminoalkyl nitrates). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Vasodilator potency of the organic nitrates, in vitro tolerance and in vivo tolerance (after continuous infusion for 3 days) were assessed in wild-type and ALDH-2 knockout mice by isometric tension studies. Mitochondrial oxidative stress was analysed by L-012-dependent chemiluminescence and protein tyrosine nitration. KEY RESULTS Aminoethyl nitrate (AEN) showed an almost similar potency to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), even though it is only a mononitrate. AEN-dependent vasodilatation was mediated by cGMP and nitric oxide. In contrast to triethanolamine trinitrate (TEAN) and GTN, AEN bioactivation did not depend on ALDH-2 and caused no in vitro tolerance. In vivo treatment with TEAN and GTN, but not with AEN, induced cross-tolerance to acetylcholine (ACh)-dependent and GTN-dependent relaxation. Although all nitrates tested induced tolerance to themselves, only TEAN and GTN significantly increased mitochondrial oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The present results demonstrate that not all high potency nitrates are bioactivated by ALDH-2 and that high potency of a given nitrate is not necessarily associated with induction of oxidative stress or nitrate tolerance. Obviously, there are distinct pathways for bioactivation of organic nitrates, which for AEN may involve xanthine oxidoreductase rather than P450 enzymes.
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Polling JR, Eijkemans MJC, Esser J, Gilles U, Kolling GH, Schulz E, Lorenz B, Roggenkämper P, Herzau V, Zubcov A, ten Tusscher MPM, Wittebol-Post D, Gusek-Schneider GC, Cruysberg JRM, Simonsz HJ. A randomised comparison of bilateral recession versus unilateral recession-resection as surgery for infantile esotropia. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:954-7. [PMID: 19336428 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2008.149658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infantile esotropia, a common form of strabismus, is treated either by bilateral recession (BR) or by unilateral recession-resection (RR). Differences in degree of alignment achieved by these two procedures have not previously been examined in a randomised controlled trial. DESIGN Controlled, randomised multicentre trial. SETTING 12 university clinics. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION 124 patients were randomly assigned to either BR or RR. Standardised protocol prescribed that the total relocation of the muscles, in millimetres, was calculated by dividing the preoperative latent angle of strabismus at distance, in degrees, by 1.6. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Alignment assessed as the variation of the postoperative angle of strabismus during alternating cover. RESULTS The mean preoperative latent angle of strabismus at distance fixation was +17.2 degrees (SD 4.4) for BR and +17.5 degrees (4.0) for RR. The mean postoperative angle of strabismus at distance was +2.3 degrees (5.1) for BR and +2.9 degrees (3.5) for RR (p = 0.46 for reduction in the angle and p = 0.22 for the within-group variation). The mean reduction in the angle of strabismus was 1.41 degrees (0.45) per millimetre of muscle relocation for RR and 1.47 (0.50) for BR (p = 0.50 for reduction in the angle). Alignment was associated with postoperative binocular vision (p = 0.001) in both groups. CONCLUSIONS No statistically significant difference was found between BR and RR as surgery for infantile esotropia.
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Keeser D, Tiemann L, Valet M, Schulz E, Ploner M, Kalckreuth A, Padberg F, Toelle T. Preliminary EEG and low resolution electromagnetic tomography correlates of migraine therapy. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schulz E, Tiemann L, Ploner M. Neurophysiologische Korrelate der subjektiven Schmerzverarbeitung. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tiemann L, Schulz E, Ploner M. Schmerz beansprucht Aufmerksamkeit – Eine EEG- und verhaltensbasierte Studie. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schulz E. 46 Radiation Scare Tactics, Dosimetry, and Bone Densitometry. J Clin Densitom 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2008.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Korsten-Reck U, Korsten K, Haeberle K, Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Dickhuth HH, Schulz E. The psychosocial situation of obese children: Psychological factors and quality of life. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2008; 2:23-9. [PMID: 22110318 PMCID: PMC3218776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The psychosocial situation of obese children at the beginning of the Freiburg Intervention Trial for Obese Children (FITOC) program influences the course and outcome of intervention therapy. At the beginning of FITOC, mothers of 30 children (12 ♂ age 10.5 ± 1.4, 18 ♀; 10.2 ± 1.3) rated the psychopathological symptoms using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the quality of life of their children (Inventar zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität [ILK]). 46.6% of mothers rated their children to be disturbed (normal population group, 2% disturbed). There was no correlation between the body mass index of the child and the CBCL score. On the ILK, the obese children themselves selected "good" while the mother's view of their childrens' quality of life varied around "poor". The stress on the mother increased with the degree of the child's obesity and number of critical life events (p = 0.030). The CBCL and the ILK at the beginning of treatment serve as a good screening instrument for psychopathology and distress in children with obesity.
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