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Thamby A, Desai G, Mehta UM, Chaturvedi SK. Deficits in Theory of Mind and Emotional Awareness in Somatoform Disorders. Indian J Psychol Med 2019; 41:368-374. [PMID: 31391671 PMCID: PMC6657473 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_382_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotions develop from a less differentiated to a highly differentiated level, and their arrest at a lower level is hypothesized to result in somatization. The present study aimed at investigating the Theory of Mind and emotional awareness in patients with somatoform disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients with somatoform disorders, along with 20 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and education, were recruited after obtaining informed consent. Assessments included semi-structured proforma for sociodemographic and clinical details; Scale for Assessment of Somatic Symptoms (SASS) for somatic symptoms; and Patients Health Questionnaire (PHQ) to assess somatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety. Emotional awareness was measured using the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS), in which the participants had to provide descriptions of feelings of self and the other person in 20 imaginary situations. The responses were scored using a standardized manual. The Theory of Mind was measured using the Social Cognition Rating Tool in Indian Settings (SOCRATIS). RESULTS The two groups did not differ on any demographic parameters. Patients with somatoform disorders scored significantly lower on emotional awareness (t = -3.74; P < 0.001) and the Theory of Mind (t = -3.56; P < 0.001). The above differences remained significant even after controlling for comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION Patients with somatoform disorders are likely to have Theory of Mind and emotional awareness deficits independent of mood states. Future studies are needed to assess whether these deficits are trait- or state-dependent and whether they are cause or effect.
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Reddy B, Chaturvedi SK, Desai G, Manjunatha N, Guruprasad S. Health-related life events in patients with somatic symptom disorders: A case control study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2019; 65:265-270. [PMID: 30969143 DOI: 10.1177/0020764019842278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The positive association between adverse life events and somatoform disorders is a consistent observation. But no systematic studies have evaluated the relationship between health-related life events (HLEs) in patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD)/somatoform disorders. AIM To examine the nature and relationship of HLE in patients with SSD and to assess the correlates of HLE. METHODS A total of 50 adult patients with SSD and 50 matched healthy controls from a Neuropsychiatric hospital were recruited. Sociodemographic interview, scale for assessment of somatic symptoms (SASS), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) and a semi-structured interview schedule to gather information on HLE were used. RESULTS Patients in the SSD group had a significantly higher number of total HLE in general (4.72 ± 2.63, 3.36 ± 1.92; p = .004), major HLE (1.48 ± 1.45, 0.68 ± 0.94; p = .006), during their lifetime in comparison to controls. Infections, trauma, non-communicable diseases and reproductive system-related diseases were the more common types of HLE in SSD group. CONCLUSION Our findings may implicate a role of major HLE of patients and HLE of their family members in the pathophysiology of SSD.
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Desai G, Sunil Kumar G, Manoj L, Gokul GR, Beena KV, Thennarasu K, Jaisoorya TS. Prevalence & correlates of chronic perinatal pain - a study from India. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2019; 40:91-96. [PMID: 29172883 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2017.1405258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To study the prevalence of chronic perinatal pain among mothers who had infants between the ages of 13-25 months in the State of Kerala, India and to report its correlates in the socio-demographic, obstetric and psychological domains. Methods: A total of 9305 mothers selected by cluster random sampling were assessed cross-sectionally for chronic perinatal pain using a questionnaire by Junior Public Health Nurses (JPHNs). In addition, information regarding socio-demographic profile, obstetric history, infant details and perinatal depression were collected. Results: Of the 8302 (89.3%) valid responses, 552 (6.6%) mothers reported chronic perinatal pain. Among those with pain, 142 (25.6%) reported pain during pregnancy, 314 (56.7%) during postpartum and 96 (17.7%) during both periods. The commonest sites of pain reported were back 280 (51%) and pelvic region 110 (19%). Mothers with chronic perinatal pain were more likely to be younger, less educated, employed and from an urban background. Chronic perinatal pain was associated with obstetric complications, delivery by instrumental/caesarean section, non-exclusive breast feeding and higher maternal depression scores. Conclusion: Chronic pain is common among mothers in India during the perinatal period and greater attention needs to be given for it to be recognised and treated early.
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Pavithra N, Dahale AB, Desai G, Chaturvedi SK. Hypochondriasis: Clinical Profile in a Tertiary Care Psychiatry and Neurosciences Hospital in Southern India - A Retrospective Chart Review. Indian J Psychol Med 2019; 41:178-181. [PMID: 30983668 PMCID: PMC6436408 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_177_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypochondriasis is a complex disorder in the realm of psychosomatic medicine, yet understudied in India. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical profile of patients diagnosed with hypochondriasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective chart review was done in a tertiary care psychiatry and neurosciences hospital in southern India. Medical records of adults diagnosed with hypochondriasis between 2000 and 2010 were analyzed. These patients were also rediagnosed retrospectively using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for illness anxiety disorder (IAD) and Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR) criteria for health anxiety and illness phobia. Data were organized and analyzed using PSPP for descriptive statistics of different variables. RESULTS There were 114 patients with hypochondriasis, with the most common belief being about dysmorphic appearance. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were the most commonly prescribed medications. The median follow-up duration was only 2 months. Five percent of the cases fulfilled the criteria for DCPR health anxiety and 20.4% for DCPR illness phobia. DSM-5 criteria for IAD were fulfilled by 45.6% of the cases. CONCLUSION Dysmorphic appearance was the most common concern in patients with hypochondriasis and SSRIs the most common medications. The follow-up rate and the diagnostic concurrence with DSM-5 IAD and DCPR were low. Studies assessing the influence of psychopathology and culture on the presentation, course, and prognosis of hypochondriasis would be beneficial.
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Raghuraman BS, Varshney P, H T, Sinha P, Ganjekar S, Desai G, Chandra P. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for severe mental illness (SMI) during perinatal period: The role of bifrontal (BF) ECT. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Shenoy S, Desai G, Venkatasubramanian G, Chandra PS. Parenting in mothers with schizophrenia and its relation to facial emotion recognition deficits- a case control study. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 40:55-59. [PMID: 30738377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficulties in parenting and Facial Emotion Recognition deficits (FERD) in persons with schizophrenia have been demonstrated independently. However, the relationship between parenting deficits and FERD in mothers with schizophrenia is yet to be explored. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to assess parenting in mothers with schizophrenia, to examine the clinical correlates of parenting and to examine if facial emotion recognition deficits had an association with parenting. METHODS Fifty mothers with schizophrenia and 50 age matched healthy mothers were assessed for parenting and FERD. Parenting was assessed using Arnold's parenting scale and Parent Interview Schedule. Kiddie TRENDS, a modified Tool for Recognition of Emotions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TRENDS) was administered to assess facial emotion recognition. RESULTS Among mothers with schizophrenia, FERD were noted in emotions of sadness, disgust, anger and surprise. Laxness in parenting was associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia and also facial emotion recognition deficits. CONCLUSION Parenting difficulties are commonly noticed in mothers with schizophrenia. Laxness style of parenting was found more often in mothers with schizophrenia, especially in mothers with blunt affect. Mothers with schizophrenia had difficulties in recognizing emotions of sadness, anger, disgust and surprise and this was associated with laxness style of parenting.
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Desai G, Kandavel T, Chaturvedi SK. Patterns of Illness Behaviors and its Correlates in Patients with Chronic Nonorganic Pain. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019; 10:60-64. [PMID: 30765972 PMCID: PMC6337996 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_199_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Illness behaviors if abnormal can have significant influence in presentations of chronic pain. The aim of the study was to derive the patterns of illness behaviors and its correlates in subjects with chronic nonorganic pain. Methods: Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) was administered to 301 adult individuals with chronic nonorganic pain. Factor analysis was performed on the IBQ, and relationships of the dimensions of illness behavior with clinical and demographic variables were computed. Results: Majority of the sample consisted of women (n = 208; 69%) with 43% from rural background and 58% from below poverty line status. Principal axis factoring resulted in four factors, namely health concerns, affective inhibition (AI), bodily distress, and affective distress with psychosocial problems. The three factors excluding AI had significant intercorrelation among them. There was significant difference in mean scores of factors, bodily distress and affective distress in patients from urban and rural background. Conclusions: Illness behaviors in chronic nonorganic pain can be understood as three interrelated factors-health concerns, affective distress with psychosocial problems, and bodily distress. AI might be an independent factor for presentation of chronic nonorganic pain.
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Desai G, Chaturvedi J, Chaturvedi S. Illness behavior among patients with medically unexplained dizziness. INDIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_116_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Persaud A, Day G, Gupta S, Ventriglio A, Ruiz R, Chumakov E, Desai G, Castaldelli-Maia J, Torales J, Juan Tolentino E, Bhui K, Bhugra D. Geopolitical factors and mental health I. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2018; 64:778-785. [PMID: 30760092 DOI: 10.1177/0020764018808548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural and man-made disasters carry with them major burden and very often the focus is on immediate survival and management of resulting infectious diseases. The impact of disasters directly and indirectly on the well-being and mental health of those affected often gets ignored. The reasons are often stigma and lack of attention to mental health consequences. In addition, often the focus is on preventing the spread of infectious diseases such as waterborne or airborne diseases. This is further complicated by the fact that often aid agencies in offering aid tend to focus on communicable diseases and not on mental health of populations. This focus may reflect easily to measure outcomes in comparison with mental illnesses as the global burden of disease is likely to increase in the next few decades. There is an urgent need to apply the principles of social justice on social and health care policies, which will lead to elimination of stigma. In this article, we propose that the impact of mental illness as a result of disasters needs to be taken seriously in any planning and delivery of relief. Mental health is likely to be affected both directly and indirectly as a result of disasters and also likely to be influenced by ongoing factors such as poor housing, overcrowding and other social determinants. In addition to deliver equity between physical and mental illnesses, appropriate and adequate resources are needed so that identifiable needs can be met with clear outcomes.
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Persaud A, Day G, Ventriglio A, Gupta S, Ramachandran P, Ruiz R, Chumakov E, Desai G, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Torales J, Tolentino EJ, Bhui K, Bhugra D. Geopolitical factors, foreign aid and mental health II: Value for money. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2018; 64:786-798. [PMID: 30760106 DOI: 10.1177/0020764018808552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the previous accompanying paper, we described geopolitical factors which affect mental health of individuals who suffer directly and indirectly. These disasters whether they are natural or man-made often attract significant amounts of aid and resources - financial and human. In addition, those who offer foreign aid need to be aware of where and how the aid is being spent. In this paper, we propose that aid giving agencies give due attention to the impact the aid should have on mental health of recipients. Global mental health has become a movement, but concerns remain about its efficacy. Therefore, it is imperative that any aid given is given and utilised in a culturally appropriate and culturally sensitive way. In an interconnected and interlinked world, it is likely that when one country or nation is affected by disasters or trauma, it will impact upon others around both directly and indirectly. We present a new measurement tool-CAPE Vulnerability Index which can be used to identify most vulnerable communities so that international aid may be more appropriately targeted. We believe that this index may go some way in assisting governments and policymakers in ascertaining the impact of their aid on the emotional and mental health of individuals. We suggest that their needs to be a ring-fencing of aid to ensure that population mental health is protected and enhanced with a strategic approach inbuilt into the foreign policy the focus needs to shift towards public mental health.
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Saraf G, Chandra PS, Desai G, Rao GN. What Adolescent Girls Know about Mental Health: Findings from a Mental Health Literacy Survey from an Urban Slum Setting in India. Indian J Psychol Med 2018; 40:433-439. [PMID: 30275618 PMCID: PMC6149304 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_108_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth in vulnerable situations are known to have high rates of mental disorders but low help-seeking. Help-seeking is known to be influenced by mental health literacy (MHL), a key concept that is important for the recognition of mental disorders and planning intervention. AIMS To explore MHL and help-seeking patterns in a group of young women in an urban slum setting in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 337 young women between 16 and 19 years of age belonging to urban slum settings formed the study sample. Two vignettes on depression and self-harm were used to assess: (a) recognition of the disorder, (b) help-seeking, and (c) knowledge of treatments available. RESULTS Only 8% of women were able to label the condition as depression in the first vignette. Though suicidality was identified correctly by the majority of participants 73 (63%), they did not think it needed urgent intervention. Only a few considered mental health professionals as possible sources of help (19.3% for depression and 2.4% for self-harm). Majority of the young women felt friends and parents were sources of help, and that stigma and lack of awareness were the reasons for not considering professional help. CONCLUSION MHL regarding depression and suicidality is low among young women from low-income areas. It is a critical and urgent need to encourage early and appropriate help-seeking for mental health problems in this vulnerable population.
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Kishore MT, Satyanarayana V, Ananthanpillai ST, Desai G, Bhaskarapillai B, Thippeswamy H, Chandra PS. Life events and depressive symptoms among pregnant women in India: Moderating role of resilience and social support. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2018; 64:570-577. [PMID: 30024292 DOI: 10.1177/0020764018789193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent life events may be significant risk factors for depression during pregnancy. However, its association with the individual's resilience and social support is not clear. AIMS To understand the association between life events and depression during pregnancy and whether the association is moderated by resilience and social support. METHODS This study is part of a prospective cohort study on perinatal mental health in an urban antenatal clinic, which included 589 women recruited in the first and early second trimester. Participants were administered the Life Events Checklist adapted from the Social Readjustment Rating Scale by the authors to assess life events; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 to assess depression and resilience, respectively. The relationship between life events (12 months prior to the time of assessment) and antenatal depression and the moderating role of resilience and social support was analysed. RESULTS Thirty-eight women (6.5%) who had depression (EPDS score ⩾ 11) had significantly higher number of life events (i.e. on average three; U = 3,826; p < .01), lower resilience scores ( U = 4,053; p < .01) and lower perceived social support ( U = 2,423; p < .01) as compared to those who were negative for depression on EPDS. Life events predicted depression during pregnancy; however, the relationship was moderated by social support but not by resilience. CONCLUSION The pregnant women who experienced life events may experience depression during the first trimester of pregnancy, but the effect could possibly be reduced by enhancing the social support.
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Chaturvedi S, Desai G, Sagar R. Nosological journey of somatoform disorders: From briquet's syndrome to bodily distress disorder. INDIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_37_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Gandhi S, Thomas L, Desai G. Effect of VAPE about mother and infant health on knowledge among primary caregivers of patients with postpartum psychiatric illness:- A pre-experimental study. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 28:21-25. [PMID: 28784387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Post partum psychiatric illnesses are quiet common nowadays, which can interfere with postnatal care of both mother and infant. The present study was a one group pre-test - post-test design, adopted with an aim to enhance the knowledge on mother infant health among primary caregivers of mothers with postpartum psychiatric illnesses conducted in the mother-baby unit, NIMHANS, Bengaluru. Twenty five subjects who met the inclusion criteria were recruited through convenience sampling. After the pilot study, data was collected with a researcher developed tool. The Video Assisted Psycho-Education [VAPE] consisted of three sessions lasting for thirty minutes, taken over three consecutive days following the pre-test. Post-test was done immediately after the last session. Effectiveness of the intervention was established by McNemar test, Paired t-test and Wilcoxon Sign Ranks test. Analysis revealed statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in the post-test mean knowledge scores following the VAPE sessions. There was no statistically significant association between the pre-intervention knowledge score and the socio-demographic variables of the study subjects. The study findings revealed that the VAPE programme was effective in increasing the knowledge of the primary caregivers on mother infant health.
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Dubrovsky B, Weingarten JA, Cunningham J, DeMilt N, Bartalis R, Desai G, Nicholas D, Ramirez N, Rengifo MC. 0883 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PAIN AND POLYSOMNOGRAPHIC MEASURES IN PEDIATRIC OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA PATIENTS. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Saraf G, Chandra P, Desai G, Thippeswamy H. Systematic risk assessment in a mother-baby unit (MBU)–Importance for maternal and infant safety. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionSystematic assessment of risks is an essential component of care in psychiatric mother baby units. Self-harm, infant neglect and harm or the vulnerable physical health of both mother and infant may all pose risks.AimDevelopment of a risk assessment tool and risk assessment among mother-infant dyads at a MBU in Bangalore, India.MethodsBased on data from 200 admissions, doctors and nurses of the unit developed a 15-item tool for risk assessment. Risk was assessed by both nurses and doctors among 58 consecutive mothers admitted to the unit. Risk domains included risks to self, to infant, related to infant health and feeding and violence faced by mother. Frequencies of various risks were calculated. Nurses’ risk assessments were compared to the residents’ risk assessments.ResultsThe mean age of the mothers was 25 (±4) years, age of infant 4 (±4) months and duration of episode was 4 (±14) months. Diagnoses included acute polymorphic psychosis (30%), BPAD (27%) and depression (21%). 47% had high suicidal risk and 28% had made an attempt in the current episode. 22% had expressed ideas of infant harm and 24% had physically harmed the infant. 48% of mothers had been physically violent. Multiple risks were seen in 47%. Doctors were able to identify risks more often than nurses.ConclusionRisks for self-harm, infant harm and related to infant health were high. Systematic risk assessment by both nurses and doctors is important in an MBU to ensure adequate care for the mother infant dyad.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Shenoy S, Desai G, Chandra PS, Venkatsubramanian G. Development of a tool to assess Facial Emotion Recognition deficits in mothers with schizophrenia-A preliminary report. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 26:21-23. [PMID: 28483084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is dearth of studies which have assessed Facial Emotion Recognition Deficits (FERD) in parents and its impact on parenting. To assess FERD in mothers with severe mental illness, a modification of TRENDS (A Tool for Recognition of Emotions in Neuropsychiatric DisorderS) using images of children was developed. Two children emoted six basic emotions,namely happy, sad, fear, anger, surprise and disgust at two different intensities along with neutral facial expressions. These images were then validated by 20 subjects which included 15 healthy controls and 5 qualified psychiatrists.The tool was found to have good inter-rater agreement and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha+0.712).
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Nahar A, Kondapuram N, Desai G, Chandra PS. Catatonia among women with postpartum psychosis in a Mother-Baby inpatient psychiatry unit. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2017; 45:40-43. [PMID: 28274337 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of catatonia in women with postpartum psychosis, describe its socio demographic, clinical and obstetric correlates and identify predictors of treatment response. METHODS Data was extracted from clinical charts of 200 women with postpartum psychosis admitted to an inpatient mother baby unit (MBU) in India over a 3year period. RESULTS Of the 200 patients, 20% (n=40) had symptoms of catatonia. Mean catatonia score on the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS) was 14.97±3.2. The most frequent catatonic feature was mutism (n=40, 100%). Adequate response to lorazepam trial in catatonia was seen in half the women (n=18/36), with longer duration of untreated catatonia being associated with poorer response. An adequate response to Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was seen in 19 women who did not respond to the lorazepam trial. Women with catatonia had significantly higher rates of onset within the first four weeks of postpartum period (50% vs 31.5%, P=0.022) and a longer duration of untreated psychosis at presentation (79.46±159.88 vs 56.12±47.26, P=0.002) compared to mothers without catatonia. CONCLUSION Catatonic symptoms were identified in one-fifth (20%) of women with postpartum psychosis. Early identification and treatment of catatonia are essential for rapid control of symptoms in this vulnerable population.
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Prasad KM, Desai G, Chaturvedi SK. Somatization in the dermatology patient: Some sociocultural perspectives. Clin Dermatol 2017; 35:252-259. [PMID: 28511821 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Somatization in dermatology patients is a challenge to diagnose and manage. Somatization presents as medically unexplained dermatologic symptoms, which are commonly encountered in dermatology and psychiatry practices. These cutaneous symptoms are often intriguing and do not fit into any particular known dermatologic condition. Sometimes, they may evoke negative feelings in the practicing dermatologist. The dermatologic somatic symptoms might be one way of communicating psychologic distress in a culturally acceptable method. These somatic symptoms may be masking another psychiatric disorder such as depression. They could also be an adaptive response to a difficult psychosocial situation and means of coping in a culturally meaningful way; therefore, the underlying conflicts need to be understood and managed in the sociocultural context of the symptoms. This chapter discusses the various unexplained physical symptoms in dermatology patients and the need for comprehensive evaluation.
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Yadav S, Desai G, Chaturvedi SK. Behaviors are Deceptive in Pain Estimation: A Comparison between Nurses and Psychiatrists. Indian J Palliat Care 2017; 23:62-64. [PMID: 28216865 PMCID: PMC5294440 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1075.197955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study assessed the influence of pain behaviors on pain estimation by nurses and psychiatrists. Materials and Methods: Pain ratings performed by nurses and psychiatrists who observed the case scenarios using role plays were assessed. The data were computed and frequencies were derived. t-test was used to compare the ratings between the groups. Results: There was significant difference in the ratings of the pain severity by nurses and psychiatrists. Conclusions: Pain assessment is essential for the comprehensive management of pain. Training health professionals in pain assessments is very essential.
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Simiyon M, Chandra PS, Desai G. Sexual dysfunction among women with Schizophrenia-A cross sectional study from India. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 24:93-98. [PMID: 27931918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sexual dysfunction among women usually has a multifactorial etiology and is also difficult to study in cultures where open discussions about sexuality are not common. Not much is known about sexual function in women with schizophrenia even though it may have a significant impact on their quality of life and maybe influenced by several factors. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the frequency and nature of sexual dysfunction in women with schizophrenia and study its association with marital quality, illness, treatment, and socio-demographic factors. METHODOLOGY This was a cross sectional, hospital-based study conducted among 63 women with schizophrenia attending the outpatient services of a tertiary care psychiatric hospital. Sexual dysfunction was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Side effects of medications, psychopathology, and marital quality were assessed using standard scales. RESULTS Among the 63 women assessed, 44 (70%) reported sexual dysfunction. Impaired desire was reported by all women, impaired arousal by 58 (92.1%), poor lubrication by 30 (47.6%), impaired orgasm by 48(76.2%) poor satisfaction by 44(69.8%) and pain by 23(36.5%). Poor Marital quality ('p' value-0.001), higher scores on general psychopathology of the Positive and Negative symptoms scale of schizophrenia (PANSS) ('p' value-0.049) and side effects such as weight gain, menstrual disturbances, galactorrohea and dry vagina were significantly associated with Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) in univariate analysis. However, multivariate analysis found marital quality alone to be significantly related to FSD.
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Supraja TA, Thennarasu K, Satyanarayana VA, Seena TK, Desai G, Jangam KV, Chandra PS. Suicidality in early pregnancy among antepartum mothers in urban India. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:1101-1108. [PMID: 27565804 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-016-0660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of suicidality among 462 pregnant women in South India. Women in early pregnancy (<20 weeks) attending an urban public hospital antenatal center were assessed for suicidality using a modified version of the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQR) and a single-item (item 10) from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Severity of depressive symptoms, family violence, and perceived social support were also measured. The prevalence of suicidality in pregnancy was 7.6 % (35/462). Eleven women (2.4 %) reported having had suicidal plans, and 8 (1.7 %) had made a suicidal attempt during the current pregnancy. Younger age, belonging to a middle socioeconomic status, poor perceived support, domestic violence, depressive symptoms, and having a past history of suicidality predicted suicidal ideation during the current pregnancy. Multivariate analysis revealed depression severity and a life time history of suicidal ideation as being the strongest predictors. The findings underscore the need for assessment of psychiatric and psychosocial factors that confer risk among women in this vulnerable period. The results of the study however may be specific to low-income urban women from this geographical location limiting the external validity of our findings.
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Desai G, Chaturvedi SK. Do Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research Explain Diagnosis of Medically Unexplained Somatic Symptoms. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2016; 85:121-2. [PMID: 26807856 DOI: 10.1159/000441063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Supraja T, Varghese M, Desai G, Chandra PS. The relationship of gender preference to anxiety, stress and family violence among pregnant women in urban India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2016.1205114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Desai G, Chaturvedi SK. Ethical dilemmas of medically unexplained symptoms. Indian J Med Ethics 2016; 1:129. [PMID: 27260826 DOI: 10.20529/ijme.2016.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are common across health settings. These are defined as "physical symptoms that prompt sufferer to seek healthcare but remain unexplained after an appropriate medical evaluation". Expectedly, MUS are often associated with significant health-seeking behaviours that add to the burden on health resources.
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