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Feuillet-Fieux MN, Sermet I, Edelman A, Torossi T, Ferrec M, Guillot M, Lenoir G, Bonnefont JP, Thuillier L. Identification of a novel mutation, 1087delT, in exon 7 of the CFTR gene in a patient with cystic fibrosis. Hum Mutat 2000; 16:95. [PMID: 10874326 DOI: 10.1002/1098-1004(200007)16:1<95::aid-humu30>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Legoix P, Legrand MF, Ollagnon E, Lenoir G, Thomas G, Zucman-Rossi J. Characterisation of 16 polymorphic markers in the NF2 gene: application to hemizygosity detection. Hum Mutat 2000; 13:290-3. [PMID: 10220142 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1999)13:4<290::aid-humu5>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes to nervous system tumors. Point mutations are evidenced in about 50% of the NF2 patients and large genomic deletions account for approximately 33% of the NF2 gene alterations. To facilitate the deletion screening, 16 polymorphic markers were identified in the NF2 genomic sequence enabling an hemizygosity test in familial studies.
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Sermet-Gaudelus I, Bonnefont JP, Ngugen Khoa AT, Lenoir G. [A normal sweat test does not exclude the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis]. Arch Pediatr 2000; 7:594-6. [PMID: 10911524 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(00)80125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sermet-Gaudelus I, Ferroni A, Gaillard JL, Silly C, Chretiennot C, Lenoir G, Berche P. [Antibiotic therapy in cystic fibrosis. II Antibiotic strategy]. Arch Pediatr 2000; 7:645-56. [PMID: 10911533 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(00)80134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotherapy is one of the main treatments of cystic fibrosis, contributing to a better nutritional and respiratory status and a prolonged survival. The choice of antibiotics depends on quantitative and qualitative analysis of sputum, bacteria resistance phenotypes and severity of infection. Haemophilus influenzae infection can be treated orally with the association of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or a cephalosporin. Staphylococcus aureus generally remains sensitive to usual antibiotics; in case of a methicillin-resistant strain, an oral bitherapy or a parenteral cure can be proposed. Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is different in case of first colonization or chronic infection: in first colonization, parenteral antibiotherapy (beta-lactams-aminoglycosids) followed by inhaled antibiotherapy may eradicate the bacteria; in chronic infections, exacerbations require parenteral bi-antibiotherapy (beta-lactams or quinolons and aminoglycosids) for 15 to 21 days, inhaled antibiotics between the cures being useful to decrease the number of exacerbation. A careful monitoring of antibiotherapy is necessary because of possible induction of bacterial resistance, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of aminosids and allergy to beta-lactams.
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Sermet-Gaudelus I, Hulin A, Ferroni A, Silly C, Gaillard JL, Berche P, Lenoir G. [Antibiotic therapy in cystic fibrosis. I. Pharmacologic specifics of antibiotics]. Arch Pediatr 2000; 7:519-28. [PMID: 10855392 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(00)89009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotherapy is one of the main treatment in cystic fibrosis. Antibiotic administration schedules are different from normal patients because of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic particularities. In moderate disease, the digestive resorption of antibiotics is delayed and their half-life is reduced due to an increase in total clearance. In severe disease, the volume of distribution of antibiotics is increased due to the higher proportion of lean mass in these malnourished patients. Other particularities limit the action of antibiotics such as thick sputum, which limits drug penetration; the property of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to be surrounded by a biofilm; alteration of local antibacterial defense; and inhibition of antibiotics by local factors. Systematic prescription of a biotherapy beta-lactam-aminoglycoside and obtaining high antibiotic concentration in situ might limit this antagonism. In spite of particular therapeutic schedules such as single daily dose for aminoglycoside and continuous infusion for beta-lactams, the intervals between administrations must be narrowed for time-dependent antibiotics, and the total daily dose increased by 20 to 30% for concentration-dependent antibiotics.
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Lesprit E, Escudier E, Roger G, Prulière V, Lenoir G, Reinert P, Coste A. Characterization of inflammatory reaction in upper airways of cystic fibrosis patients. Histol Histopathol 2000; 15:395-402. [PMID: 10809357 DOI: 10.14670/hh-15.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cell populations have not been yet precisely evaluated in cystic fibrosis (CF) airways. We intended to characterize morphological modifications, inflammatory cell infiltration and cell proliferation in nasal tissues obtained from 15 CF patients and from 6 non-CF patients with nasal polyposis. Morphological analysis showed an intense inflammatory infiltration in CF and non-CF tissues with only few modifications in the epithelium from CF tissues. Inflammatory cell populations characterized by specific immunolabeling were quantified, showing a predominance of macrophages and T- and B-lymphocytes and only moderate numbers of neutrophils in CF tissues; in non-CF polyps, lymphocytes and eosinophils were abundant. Proliferating cell percentages quantified after proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunolabeling were 5.3+/-4.1% (mean +/- SD) in CF polyps and 3.1+/-1.2% in non-CF polyps in epithelium but were very low in lamina propria. Intense inflammation in nasal tissues from CF patients is therefore dominated by macrophages and lymphocytes rather than by neutrophils. While morphology is preserved, proliferation is high in epithelium from CF polyps. These findings should be regarded in the future for a better understanding of inflammation in CF airway disease.
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Legoix P, Sarkissian HD, Cazes L, Giraud S, Sor F, Rouleau GA, Lenoir G, Thomas G, Zucman-Rossi J. Molecular characterization of germline NF2 gene rearrangements. Genomics 2000; 65:62-6. [PMID: 10777666 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant disease that causes a predisposition to nervous system tumors. Deleterious point mutations have been found in about 55% of NF2 patients, and large genomic deletions account for approximately 33% of NF2 gene alterations. The majority of these deletions are larger than 50 kb, with a breakpoint usually lying outside the NF2 gene. We identified two cases of intragenic deletion with loss of 1.5 and 40 kb, respectively. In both cases, one boundary of the deletion was located in or at the proximity of an SVA sequence in NF2 intron 4. No sequence identity longer than 5 bases and no signal of specific recombination have been evidenced on either side of the deletion breakpoints. These observations are compatible with a nonhomologous recombination being responsible for the genomic deletions. In a third case, a paracentric inversion of chromosome 22 was found. This chromosomal rearrangement breaks the NF2 gene in two parts and carries the first NF2 exon in a juxta-centromeric position. The variability in position of the deletions and the observation of a new chromosomal rearrangement in the NF2 gene underscore the importance of FISH analysis in the molecular diagnosis of NF2.
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Sermet-Gaudelus I, Abadie V, Stambouli F, Hennequin C, Lenoir G, Gendrel D. Haemophagocytic syndrome in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Acta Paediatr 2000; 89:368-9. [PMID: 10772292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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59
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Foray N, Randrianarison V, Marot D, Perricaudet M, Lenoir G, Feunteun J. Gamma-rays-induced death of human cells carrying mutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2. Oncogene 1999; 18:7334-42. [PMID: 10602489 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is now evidence to suggest that BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in the response of cells to DNA damage and cell cycle checkpoint control. This report examines the death pathways of human cells with various BRCA1 and BRCA2 genotypes after exposure to gamma-rays. A lack of functional BRCA1 and BRCA2 led to defective repair of DNA double-strand breaks in irradiated cells. This impairment resulted in a relaxation of cell cycle checkpoints, production of micronuclei, and a loss of proliferative capacity. Heterozygous BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations also led to enhanced radiosensitivity, with an impaired proliferative capacity after irradiation. The existence of a phenotype related to radiosensitivity in BRCA1+/- and BRCA2+/- cells raises the question of the response of heterozygous women to radiation.
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Sermet-Gaudelus I, Stambouli F, Abadie V, Goutières F, Lenoir G, Gendrel D, Gaillard JL. Rapid improvement of intracranial tuberculomas after addition of ofloxacin to first-line antituberculosis treatment. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 18:726-8. [PMID: 10584900 DOI: 10.1007/s100960050386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Reported here is the case of a 9-year-old girl presenting with disseminated tuberculosis, the manifestations of which included mediastinal adenopathy, an osteolytic parietal lesion with a large associated scalp abscess, cerebral empyema, meningoencephalitis, and tuberculomas. No clear improvement was observed after 4 weeks of first-line antituberculosis treatment (10 mg/kg rifampin, 15 mg/kg isoniazid, 30 mg/kg ethambutol, 30 mg/kg pyrazinamide). The isolation of an isoniazid-resistant organism prompted institution of ofloxacin. Introduction of this drug was associated with dramatic improvement. Its good penetration into the central nervous system and its distribution into macrophages suggest that this drug may be of interest for the treatment of intracranial tuberculomas, particularly those due to isoniazid-resistant strains.
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Kovar H, Jugovic D, Melot T, Zoubek A, Lenoir G, Fink FM, Philip I, Turc-Carel C, Thomas G, Zucman-Rossi J. Cryptic exons as a source of increased diversity of Ewing tumor-associated EWS-FLI1 chimeric products. Genomics 1999; 60:371-4. [PMID: 10493837 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.5919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the Ewing family of tumors (EFT), the EWS gene is rearranged with members of the ets oncogene family. Variability in genomic breakpoint locations is the source of significant heterogeneity in fusion product structure. As a consequence of variably included exon sequences from the two partner genes, a variable amount of additional peptide sequence is inserted in between the minimal transforming domains. Some of this molecular diversity has recently been correlated with disparate clinical outcome. Here we report on cryptic exons found in the chimeric RNA of three EFT with different EWS-FLI1 fusions. In two tumors, the emergence of a cryptic exon from FLI1 intron 5 in the chimeric RNA was apparently unrelated to the genomic rearrangement that occurred in FLI1 introns 4 and 5, respectively. In one case, a novel exon was generated through the creation of an artificial splice acceptor site in FLI1 intron 6 by the genomic rearrangement that occurred in EWS intron 8. These results further extend the spectrum of molecular diversity in EFT.
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Shugart YY, Cour C, Renard H, Lenoir G, Goldgar D, Teare D, Easton D, Rahman N, Gusterton R, Seal S, Barfoot R, Stratton M, Mangion J, Peelen T, van den Ouweland A, Meijers H, Devilee P, Eccles D, Lynch H, Weber B, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Bignon YJ, Chang-Claude J. Linkage analysis of 56 multiplex families excludes the Cowden disease gene PTEN as a major contributor to familial breast cancer. J Med Genet 1999; 36:720-1. [PMID: 10507734 PMCID: PMC1734423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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63
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Legoix P, Legrand MF, Ollagnon E, Lenoir G, Thomas G, Zucman-Rossi J. Characterisation of 16 polymorphic markers in the NF2 gene: application to hemizygosity detection. Hum Mutat 1999. [PMID: 10220142 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1999)13:4<290::aid-humu5>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes to nervous system tumors. Point mutations are evidenced in about 50% of the NF2 patients and large genomic deletions account for approximately 33% of the NF2 gene alterations. To facilitate the deletion screening, 16 polymorphic markers were identified in the NF2 genomic sequence enabling an hemizygosity test in familial studies.
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64
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Witko-Sarsat V, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L, Schuster A, Nusbaum P, Ueki I, Canteloup S, Lenoir G, Descamps-Latscha B, Nadel JA. Proteinase 3, a potent secretagogue in airways, is present in cystic fibrosis sputum. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999; 20:729-36. [PMID: 10101005 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.20.4.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the roles of proteinase 3 (PR3) and human neutrophil elastase (HNE), two neutrophil serine proteinases in the mechanisms leading to airway inflammation and hypersecretion in cystic fibrosis (CF). Using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we found higher levels of PR3 than HNE in sputum from CF patients. Using two inhibitors, ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) 200,355 (which inhibits both HNE and PR3) and secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor (SLPI) (which inhibits only HNE), we showed that PR3 was enzymatically active in sputum, and its activity, as assessed by SLPI-resistant serine proteinase activity, correlated highly with its antigenic concentration measured by ELISA. Interestingly, sputum pellet-associated serine proteinase activity was mostly due to HNE. PR3 purified from neutrophil azurophil granules triggered airway gland secretion, as measured by the release of radiolabeled molecules from cultured bovine tracheal serous cells pulse-labeled with Na235SO4. This secretory activity was inhibited by ICI 200,355. PR3 concentration in CF sputum was highly correlated with taurine concentration, a reliable marker of airway inflammation and respiratory scores (e.g., FEV1%), whereas no significant correlation was observed with HNE. We verified that Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteinases did not interfere with the assessment of PR3 and HNE. Indeed, the PR3/HNE ratio was greatest in patients chronically infected by P. aeruginosa. We suggest that PR3 may play a role in the hypersecretory process that is characteristic of CF.
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Lenoir G, Sermet-Gaudelus J. [Measurement of temperature and fever in children]. REVUE DE L'INFIRMIERE 1999:36-41. [PMID: 10532066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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66
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Lynch HT, Watson P, Tinley S, Snyder C, Durham C, Lynch J, Kirnarsky Y, Serova O, Lenoir G, Lerman C, Narod SA. An update on DNA-based BRCA1/BRCA2 genetic counseling in hereditary breast cancer. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1999; 109:91-8. [PMID: 10087939 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The identification of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations has enabled physicians to identify persons at high risk for carcinoma of the breast and ovary in hereditary breast-ovarian cancer (HBOC) families. Many physicians have limited knowledge about the effective translation of these new discoveries into clinical practice settings. This problem is further confounded by the limited number of genetic counselors who have experience with cancer genetics. Genetic counseling about DNA test results was provided to 420 patients from 37 HBC/HBOC families. Descriptive data were collected and recorded about their responses to questions posed immediately before and after test results were disclosed. Findings disclosed a significant tendency of patients to overestimate rather than underestimate their risk (P < .001) prior to receiving results. The chief reason for declining to receive results was fear of insurance discrimination. The primary reason that patients sought test results was for their children. Most women reported that, if testing identified them as mutation carriers, they would consider lifetime surveillance and prophylactic surgery. Responses to DNA test results were varied and often unpredictable. Counseling by an appropriately educated and skilled professional is essential to assist people in making decisions regarding testing and health management.
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Dumandzic L, Ruiz J, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Colomb V, Magnine P, Lenoir G. Interet de l'absorptiometrie bl-energetique chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose. Arch Pediatr 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(99)81793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Witko-Sarsat V, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Lenoir G, Descamps-Latscha B. Inflammation and CFTR: might neutrophils be the key in cystic fibrosis? Mediators Inflamm 1999; 8:7-11. [PMID: 10704083 PMCID: PMC1781783 DOI: 10.1080/09629359990658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this hypothesis is to provide new insights into the still unclear mechanisms governing airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis. Although the genetic basis of cystic fibrosis as well as the molecular structure of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), the mutated protein which causes the disease, have been well defined, a clear relationship between the genetic defect and the pulmonary pathophysiology, especially chronic infections and neutrophil-dominated airway inflammation has not been established. Cystic fibrosis is thus a unique pathological situation in that neutrophils can be depicted as both an antiinfectious and a proinflammatory cell. In cystic fibrosis there is an emerging picture of an imbalance between these two roles with both a reduction in the antiinfectious efficacy and an augmentation of the proinflammatory functions. Better knowledge of fundamental defects in neutrophil function in cystic fibrosis as well as a novel cellular function of CFTR, which will be reviewed, will allow identification of potentially new clinical targets and aid selective therapeutic action aimed at counteracting the lethal neutrophil-induced airway inflammation. The rationale for colchicine therapy is a significant example of a drug which might act both at the molecular levels on CFTR expression in epithelial cells and on neutrophils to mediate antiinflammatory effects. Preliminary results are presented in this issue (Med Inflamm 1999; 8: 13-15).
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Sermet-Gaudelus I, Stoven V, Annereau JP, Witko-Sarsat V, Reinert P, Guyot M, Descamps-Latscha B, Lallemand JY, Lenoir G. Interest of colchicine for the treatment of cystic fibrosis patients. Preliminary report. Mediators Inflamm 1999; 8:13-5. [PMID: 10704084 PMCID: PMC1781779 DOI: 10.1080/09629359990667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by persistent inflammation. Antiinflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids and ibuprofen, have proved to slow the decline of pulmonary function although their use is limited because of frequent adverse events. We hypothesized that colchicine could be an alternative treatment because of its antiinflammatory properties and upregulatory effect on cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) closely related proteins. We herein present results obtained in an open study of eight CF children treated with colchicine for at least 6 months. Clinical status was better in all patients and respiratory function tests significantly improved in five. Median duration of antibiotherapy decreased significantly. These preliminary results support our hypothesis of a beneficial effect of colchicine in CF patients and stress the need for a controlled therapeutic trial.
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Witko-Sarsat V, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Bessou G, Lenoir G, Allen RC, Descamps-Latscha B. Priming of blood neutrophils in children with cystic fibrosis: correlation between functional and phenotypic expression of opsonin receptors before and after platelet-activating factor priming. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:151-62. [PMID: 9841834 DOI: 10.1086/314532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood phagocyte opsonin receptor CR1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b) functions were examined in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with endobronchial Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic infection, CF patients without infection, heterozygous, non-CF patients with chronic pulmonary infection, and healthy controls. Circulating and platelet-activating factor (PAF)-primed phagocyte luminol luminescence responses to complement-opsonized zymosan were increased in both groups of infected CF and non-CF children relative to uninfected CF children and healthy control children and adults. The ratio between circulating and PAF-primed phagocyte responses was significantly elevated in all children with CF, and in these, the ratio could serve as an indicator of response to antibiotic treatment. The ratios of circulating and PAF-primed phenotypic expression for CR1, CR3, and FcgammaRIII (CD16), but not FcgammaRII (CD32), correlated with the functional ratios. Phagocyte opsonin receptor response capacity might be used for evaluation of inflammation and infection in CF patients.
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Sermet-Gaudelus I, LeBourgeois M, Silly C, Chretiennot C, Grandjval A, Scheinmann P, Lenoir G, De Blic J. C30 Club Pédiatrique De Pneumologie Et D'allergologie Interet De La Bronchoaspiration Chez Les Patients Atteints De Mucoviscidose. Arch Pediatr 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(99)81537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zucman-Rossi J, Legoix P, Der Sarkissian H, Cheret G, Sor F, Bernardi A, Cazes L, Giraud S, Ollagnon E, Lenoir G, Thomas G. NF2 gene in neurofibromatosis type 2 patients. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7:2095-101. [PMID: 9817927 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/7.13.2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes to nervous system tumors. The schwannomin (also termed merlin) protein encoded by the NF2 gene shows a close relationship to the family of cytoskeleton-to-membrane proteins linkers ERM (ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins). Even though penetrance of the disease is >95% and no genetic heterogeneity has been described, point mutations in the NF2 gene have been observed in only 34-66% of the screened NF2 patients, depending on the series. In order to generate tools that would enable an exhaustive alteration screening for the NF2 gene, we have deduced its entire genomic sequence. This knowledge has provided the delineation of a mutation screening strategy which, when applied to a series of 19 NF2 patients, has revealed a high recurrence of large deletions in the gene and has raised the efficiency of mutation detection in NF2 patients to 84% of the cases in this series. The remaining three patients who express two functional NF2 alleles are all sporadic cases, an observation compatible with the presence of mosaicism for NF2 mutation.
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Coffey AJ, Brooksbank RA, Brandau O, Oohashi T, Howell GR, Bye JM, Cahn AP, Durham J, Heath P, Wray P, Pavitt R, Wilkinson J, Leversha M, Huckle E, Shaw-Smith CJ, Dunham A, Rhodes S, Schuster V, Porta G, Yin L, Serafini P, Sylla B, Zollo M, Franco B, Bolino A, Seri M, Lanyi A, Davis JR, Webster D, Harris A, Lenoir G, de St Basile G, Jones A, Behloradsky BH, Achatz H, Murken J, Fassler R, Sumegi J, Romeo G, Vaudin M, Ross MT, Meindl A, Bentley DR. Host response to EBV infection in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease results from mutations in an SH2-domain encoding gene. Nat Genet 1998; 20:129-35. [PMID: 9771704 DOI: 10.1038/2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP or Duncan disease) is characterized by extreme sensitivity to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), resulting in a complex phenotype manifested by severe or fatal infectious mononucleosis, acquired hypogammaglobulinemia and malignant lymphoma. We have identified a gene, SH2D1A, that is mutated in XLP patients and encodes a novel protein composed of a single SH2 domain. SH2D1A is expressed in many tissues involved in the immune system. The identification of SH2D1A will allow the determination of its mechanism of action as a possible regulator of the EBV-induced immune response.
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Lakhani SR, Jacquemier J, Sloane JP, Gusterson BA, Anderson TJ, van de Vijver MJ, Farid LM, Venter D, Antoniou A, Storfer-Isser A, Smyth E, Steel CM, Haites N, Scott RJ, Goldgar D, Neuhausen S, Daly PA, Ormiston W, McManus R, Scherneck S, Ponder BA, Ford D, Peto J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Bignon YJ, Struewing JP, Spurr NK, Bishop DT, Klijn JG, Devilee P, Cornelisse CJ, Lasset C, Lenoir G, Barkardottir RB, Egilsson V, Hamann U, Chang-Claude J, Sobol H, Weber B, Stratton MR, Easton DF. Multifactorial analysis of differences between sporadic breast cancers and cancers involving BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90:1138-45. [PMID: 9701363 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/90.15.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that breast cancers associated with inherited BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations differ from each other in their histopathologic appearances and that each of these types differs from breast cancers in patients unselected for family history (i.e., sporadic cancers). We have now conducted a more detailed examination of cytologic and architectural features of these tumors. METHODS Specimens of tumor tissue (5-microm-thick sections) were examined independently by two pathologists, who were unaware of the case or control subject status, for the presence of cell mitosis, lymphocytic infiltration, continuous pushing margins, and solid sheets of cancer cells; cell nuclei, cell nucleoli, cell necrosis, and cell borders were also evaluated. The resulting data were combined with previously available information on tumor type and tumor grade and further evaluated by multifactorial analysis. All statistical tests are two-sided. RESULTS Cancers associated with BRCA1 mutations exhibited higher mitotic counts (P = .001), a greater proportion of the tumor with a continuous pushing margin (P<.0001), and more lymphocytic infiltration (P = .002) than sporadic (i.e., control) cancers. Cancers associated with BRCA2 mutations exhibited a higher score for tubule formation (fewer tubules) (P = .0002), a higher proportion of the tumor perimeter with a continuous pushing margin (P<.0001), and a lower mitotic count (P = .003) than control cancers. CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified key features of the histologic phenotypes of breast cancers in carriers of mutant BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. This information may improve the classification of breast cancers in individuals with a family history of the disease and may ultimately aid in the clinical management of patients.
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Coste A, Idrissi F, Beautru R, Lenoir G, Reinert P, Manach Y, Peynegre R. [Endoscopic endonasal ethmoidectomy in severe sinusitis of cystic fibrosis. Mid-term results in 12 patients]. ANNALES D'OTO-LARYNGOLOGIE ET DE CHIRURGIE CERVICO FACIALE : BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE D'OTO-LARYNGOLOGIE DES HOPITAUX DE PARIS 1998; 114:99-104. [PMID: 9686018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sinusitis, with sometimes severe symptoms, are frequent in cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this mild-term retrospective study was to evaluate the functional and anatomical results of functional endoscopic ethmoidectomy (FEE) in 12 patients with CF. Nasal polyposis (9 cases) and medialization of the nasomaxillary wall (3 cases) were detected during endoscopic examination. Bilateral and multifocal opacities of the paranasal sinuses were present on the CT-scan images in all cases. A FEE was performed in 11 cases and in 1 case, only the anterior ethmoid was opened. Symptoms improved or disappeared in 9/12 cases between 1 and 3 years of follow-up and in 5/7 cases after 3 years of follow-up. A good or mild anatomical result was recorded in 6/12 cases between 1 and 3 years of follow-up and in 5/7 cases after 3 years of follow-up. During follow-up, a new surgical procedure (limited in 8 patients and complete in 3 patients) was often necessary. CONCLUSION It is reasonable to propose FEE in CF patients with chronic sinusitis presenting severe symptoms with the aim of a substantial functional but not anatomical improvement.
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