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Abada E, Khan MY, Yerrapotu N, Pardeshi V, Zaiem F, Nguyen H, Raval K, Mitchel R, Fairfax M. Quality Improvement Project Demonstrate that Prolonged Pre-Analytical Time Does Not Lead to False Negative Blood Cultures. Am J Clin Pathol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Bacterial infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Prompt identification of microorganisms and their susceptibilities to antimicrobial therapies is critical in the management of patients with bloodstream infections. Blood cultures are collected in paired aerobic and anaerobic bottles. However, transport delays might allow some organisms to grow extensively prior to incubation in the blood culture instruments, leading to false-negative culture results. The Detroit Medical Center utilizes the BD Bactec™ instruments for blood culture incubation and the Verigene DNA-based molecular assay for the identification of bacteria and major resistance genes. It has a core microbiology lab that serves 6 hospitals, however, 2 of the hospitals are remotely located.
The aim of this project was to determine if transportation delays led to significant false-negative culture results. If significant false negativity occurred, additional Bactec™ instruments would need to be purchased.
Methods
For one month, we tracked the collection of blood cultures to incubation time at one of the remote hospitals. All blood cultures that remain negative after 164 hours of incubation are routinely discarded. However, in this case, they were subcultured to a Petri plate containing chocolate agar for 30 days. Any organisms that grew were identified by standard lab techniques.
Results
Of the 547 negative culture bottles that were subcultured for possible false-negative results, only 3 (0.5%) bottles grew bacteria. All three were isolated from different patients. The mean time from blood collection to incubation in the instrument was 4-8 hours. The isolates either met criteria for contaminated cultures, or they grew the same pathogen that had previously been identified in the paired bottle from the same culture. The organisms isolated include coagulase negative Staphylococcus species, Staphylococcus pettenkoferi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No unexpected pathogenic organisms were detected.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that prolonged pre-analytical time does not lead to false-negative blood culture results. The patients’ diagnoses were not changed, therefore, the purchase of additional blood culture instruments was not necessary. However, transportation time from the patient floors to the main microbiology lab needs to be improved to meet the recommended 2 hours pre-analytical time.
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Anderson KR, Nguyen H, Schoch JJ, Lohse CM, Driscoll DJ, Tollefson MM. Skin-Related complications of Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome: a retrospective review of 410 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:517-522. [PMID: 33070382 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about skin-related complications in Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS), a complex vascular anomaly defined by capillary malformation (CM), venous malformation (VM) ± lymphatic malformation (LM) and limb overgrowth. Reported skin-related complications of KTS include ulceration, vascular ectasias (blebs), bleeding and infection. OBJECTIVE To determine the spectrum, prevalence and predictors of skin-related complications in KTS. METHODS A retrospective review of 410 patients fulfilling KTS criteria was performed to assess for the presence of skin-related complications. RESULTS Skin-related complications were present in 45% of patients. Most prevalent were CM-related complications including blebs, bleeding, thickening (25%), cellulitis (22%) and ulceration (21%). Features positively associated with skin-related complications were presence of LM (OR 17.17; P < 0.001), VM on the buttocks/perineum/genitalia (OR 1.92; P = 0.009), CM on the feet (OR 1.77; P = 0.039) and male sex (OR 1.63; P = 0.034). Features negatively associated with skin-related complications were CM on the trunk (OR 0.59; P = 0.029) and tissue hypertrophy of the hands (OR 0.27; P = 0.025). CONCLUSION Skin-related complications affect nearly half of patients with KTS. Those with lymphatic involvement or malformation presence in the undergarment area or feet are most at risk.
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Tamura H, Nguyen H, Berman PR, Kuzmich A. Phase Matching in Lower Dimensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:163601. [PMID: 33124851 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.163601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phase matching refers to a process in which atom-field interactions lead to the creation of an output field that propagates coherently through the interaction volume. By studying light scattering from arrays of cold atoms, we show that conditions for phase matching change as the dimensionality of the system decreases. In particular, for a single atomic chain, there is phase-matched reflective scattering in a cone about the symmetry axis of the array that scales as the square of the number of atoms in the chain. For two chains of atoms, the phase-matched reflective scattering can be enhanced or diminished as a result of Bragg scattering. Such scattering can be used for mapping collective states within an array of neutral atoms onto propagating light fields and for establishing quantum links between separated arrays.
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Dillon L, Clemson L, Nguyen H, Jakobsen KB, Martin J, Tinsley F, Keay L. Recipient and instructor perspectives of an adapted exercise-based fall prevention programme for adults aged 50+ years with vision impairment: a qualitative study nested within a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038386. [PMID: 32883736 PMCID: PMC7473617 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Older adults with vision impairment currently have no access to tailored fall prevention programmes. Therefore, the purpose of this study, nested within an ongoing randomised controlled trial (RCT), is to document the adaptation of an existing fall prevention programme and investigate the perspectives of instructors involved in delivery and the older adults with vision impairment receiving the programme (recipients). DESIGN We documented programme adaptations and training requirements, and conducted semistructured, individual interviews with both the instructors and the recipients of the programme from 2017 to 2019. The content of each interview was analysed using behaviour change theory through deductive qualitative analysis. SETTING New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory, Australia. PARTICIPANTS The 11 trained instructors interviewed were employees of a vision rehabilitation organisation and had delivered at least one programme session as part of the RCT. The 154 recipients interviewed were community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years with vision impairment and no diagnosis of dementia, and had completed their participation in the programme as part of the intervention group of the RCT. RESULTS Six key themes were identified relating to recipient (delivery aptitude, social norms, habit formation) and instructor (individualised adaptation, complimentary to scope of practice, challenges to delivery) perspectives. With initial training, instructors required minimal ongoing support to deliver the programme and made dynamic adaptations to suit the individual circumstances of each recipient, but cited challenges delivering the number of programme activities required. Recipient perspectives varied; however, most appreciated the delivery of the programme by instructors who understood the impact of vision impairment. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This novel qualitative study demonstrates that the adapted programme, delivered by instructors, who already have expertise delivering individualised programmes to older people with vision impairment, may fill the gap for a fall prevention programme in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12616001186448.
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Wong A, Nguyen H, Eley R, Sinnott M. Purchase data: a proxy for safety status. J Hosp Infect 2020; 105:657-658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nguyen H, Kushelev M, Khoury PE, Coffman JC. Determining neuraxial block onset in a patient with complete T6 paraplegia. Int J Obstet Anesth 2020; 44:20-21. [PMID: 32679552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pinilla-Echeverri N, Mehta SR, Wang J, Lavi S, Schampaert E, Cantor WJ, Bainey KR, Welsh RC, Kassam S, Mehran R, Storey RF, Nguyen H, Meeks B, Wood DA, Cairns JA, Sheth T. Nonculprit Lesion Plaque Morphology in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 13:e008768. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.119.008768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Complete revascularization with routine percutaneous coronary intervention of nonculprit lesions after primary percutaneous coronary intervention improves outcomes in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Whether this benefit is associated with nonculprit lesion vulnerability is unknown.
Methods:
In a prospective substudy of the COMPLETEs trial (Complete vs Culprit-Only Revascularization to Treat Multi-Vessel Disease After Early PCI for STEMI), we performed optical coherence tomography of at least 2 coronary arteries before nonculprit lesion percutaneous coronary intervention in 93 patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease; and the ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction culprit vessel if there was unstented segment amenable to imaging. Nonculprit lesions were categorized as obstructive (≥70% stenosis by visual angiographic assessment) or nonobstructive, and as thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) or non-TCFA by optical coherence tomography criteria. TCFA was defined as a lesion with mean fibrous cap thickness <65 μm overlying a lipid arc >90°.
Results:
On a patient level, at least one obstructive TCFA was observed in 44/93 (47%) of patients. On a lesion level, there were 58 TCFAs among 150 obstructive nonculprit lesions compared with 74 TCFAs among 275 nonculprit lesions (adjusted TCFA prevalence: 35.4% versus 23.2%,
P
=0.022). Compared with obstructive non-TCFAs, obstructive TCFAs had similar lesion length (23.1 versus 20.8 mm,
P
=0.16) but higher lipid quadrants (55.2 versus 19.2,
P
<0.001), greater mean lipid arc (203.8° versus 84.5°,
P
<0.001), and more macrophages (97.1% versus 54.4%,
P
<0.001) and cholesterol crystals (85.8% versus 44.3%,
P
<0.001). For nonobstructive lesions, TCFA lesions had similar lesion length (16.7 versus 14.6 mm,
P
=0.11), but more lipid quadrants (36.4 versus 13.5,
P
<0.001), and greater mean lipid arc (191.8° versus 84.2°,
P
<0.001) compared with non-TCFA.
Conclusions:
Among patients who underwent optical coherence tomography imaging in the COMPLETE trial, nearly 50% had at least one obstructive nonculprit lesion containing complex vulnerable plaque. Obstructive lesions more commonly harbored vulnerable plaque morphology than nonobstructive lesions. This may help explain the benefit of routine percutaneous coronary intervention of obstructive nonculprit lesions in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease.
Registration:
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01740479s.
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Wood DA, Cairns JA, Wang J, Mehran R, Storey RF, Nguyen H, Meeks B, Kunadian V, Tanguay JF, Kim HH, Cheema A, Dehghani P, Natarajan MK, Jolly SS, Amerena J, Keltai M, James S, Hlinomaz O, Niemela K, AlHabib K, Lewis BS, Nguyen M, Sarma J, Dzavik V, Della Siega A, Mehta SR. Timing of Staged Nonculprit Artery Revascularization in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: COMPLETE Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 74:2713-2723. [PMID: 31779786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COMPLETE (Complete vs Culprit-only Revascularization to Treat Multi-vessel Disease After Early PCI for STEMI) trial demonstrated that staged nonculprit lesion percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reduced major cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nonculprit-lesion PCI timing on major CV outcomes and also the time course of the benefit of complete revascularization. METHODS Following culprit-lesion PCI, 4,041 patients with STEMI and multivessel CAD were randomized to staged nonculprit-lesion PCI or culprit-lesion only PCI. Randomization was stratified according to investigator-planned timing of nonculprit-lesion PCI: during or after the index hospitalization. The first coprimary outcome was the composite of CV death or myocardial infarction (MI). In pre-specified analyses, hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for each time stratum. Landmark analyses of the entire population were performed within 45 days and after 45 days. RESULTS For nonculprit-lesion PCI planned during the index hospitalization (actual time: median 1 day), CV death or MI was reduced with complete revascularization compared with culprit-lesion only PCI (HR: 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59 to 1.00). For nonculprit lesion PCI planned to occur after hospital discharge (actual time: median 23 days), CV death or MI was also reduced with complete revascularization (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.97; interaction p = 0.62). Landmark analyses demonstrated an HR of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.59 to 1.24) during the first 45 days and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.54 to 0.89) from 45 days to the end of follow-up for intended nonculprit lesion PCI versus culprit lesion only PCI. CONCLUSIONS Among STEMI patients with multivessel disease, the benefit of complete revascularization over culprit-lesion only PCI was consistent irrespective of the investigator-determined timing of nonculprit-lesion intervention. The benefit of complete revascularization on hard clinical outcomes emerged mainly over the long term.
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Simpson P, McCart Reed A, Kutasovic J, Coorey C, Kuo L, Nguyen H, Pei W, Ong J, Sokolova A, Evans E, Porter A, Lakhani S. 52P Characterising clinicopathological and biological parameters predictive of outcome for patients diagnosed with invasive lobular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Nadolski A, Vieira JD, Sobrin JA, Kofman AM, Ade PAR, Ahmed Z, Anderson AJ, Avva JS, Basu Thakur R, Bender AN, Benson BA, Bryant L, Carlstrom JE, Carter FW, Cecil TW, Chang CL, Cheshire JR, Chesmore GE, Cliche JF, Cukierman A, de Haan T, Dierickx M, Ding J, Dutcher D, Everett W, Farwick J, Ferguson KR, Florez L, Foster A, Fu J, Gallicchio J, Gambrel AE, Gardner RW, Groh JC, Guns S, Guyser R, Halverson NW, Harke-Hosemann AH, Harrington NL, Harris RJ, Henning JW, Holzapfel WL, Howe D, Huang N, Irwin KD, Jeong O, Jonas M, Jones A, Korman M, Kovac J, Kubik DL, Kuhlmann S, Kuo CL, Lee AT, Lowitz AE, McMahon J, Meier J, Meyer SS, Michalik D, Montgomery J, Natoli T, Nguyen H, Noble GI, Novosad V, Padin S, Pan Z, Paschos P, Pearson J, Posada CM, Quan W, Rahlin A, Riebel D, Ruhl JE, Sayre JT, Shirokoff E, Smecher G, Stark AA, Stephen J, Story KT, Suzuki A, Tandoi C, Thompson KL, Tucker C, Vanderlinde K, Wang G, Whitehorn N, Yefremenko V, Yoon KW, Young MR. Broadband, millimeter-wave antireflection coatings for large-format, cryogenic aluminum oxide optics. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:3285-3295. [PMID: 32400613 DOI: 10.1364/ao.383921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present two prescriptions for broadband ($ {\sim} 77 - 252\;{\rm GHz} $), millimeter-wave antireflection coatings for cryogenic, sintered polycrystalline aluminum oxide optics: one for large-format (700 mm diameter) planar and plano-convex elements, the other for densely packed arrays of quasi-optical elements-in our case, 5 mm diameter half-spheres (called "lenslets"). The coatings comprise three layers of commercially available, polytetrafluoroethylene-based, dielectric sheet material. The lenslet coating is molded to fit the 150 mm diameter arrays directly, while the large-diameter lenses are coated using a tiled approach. We review the fabrication processes for both prescriptions, then discuss laboratory measurements of their transmittance and reflectance. In addition, we present the inferred refractive indices and loss tangents for the coating materials and the aluminum oxide substrate. We find that at 150 GHz and 300 K the large-format coating sample achieves $ (97 \pm 2)\% $ transmittance, and the lenslet coating sample achieves $ (94 \pm 3)\% $ transmittance.
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Hampel B, Kusejko K, Kouyos RD, Böni J, Flepp M, Stöckle M, Conen A, Béguelin C, Künzler‐Heule P, Nicca D, Schmidt AJ, Nguyen H, Delaloye J, Rougemont M, Bernasconi E, Rauch A, Günthard HF, Braun DL, Fehr J, Anagnostopoulos A, Battegay M, Bucher HC, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Ciuffi A, Dollenmaier G, Egger M, Elzi L, Fellay J, Furrer H, Fux CA, Haerry D, Hasse B, Hirsch HH, Hoffmann M, Hösli I, Huber M, Kahlert C, Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, Kovari H, Ledergerber B, Martinetti G, Martinez de Tejada B, Marzolini C, Metzner KJ, Müller N, Paioni P, Pantaleo G, Perreau M, Rudin C, Scherrer AU, Schmid P, Speck R, Tarr P, Trkola A, Vernazza P, Wandeler G, Weber R, Yerly S. Chemsex drugs on the rise: a longitudinal analysis of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study from 2007 to 2017. HIV Med 2020; 21:228-239. [DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhou JZ, Waszkuc T, Mohammed F, Blumhorst M, Buren R, Das R, Huang L, Jabusch J, Kou X, Nagarajan M, Nguyen H, Orellana K, Peng TS, Podhola B, Ray C, Reif K, Shevchuk C, Solyom A, Sullivan D, Wang J, Wang W, Yang Q, Zheng Q. Determination of Glucosamine in Raw Materials and Dietary Supplements Containing Glucosamine Sulfate and/or Glucosamine Hydrochloride by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with FMOC-Su Derivatization: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/88.4.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted for determination of glucosamine in raw materials and dietary supplements containing glucosamine sulfate and/or glucosamine hydrochloride by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with N-(9-fluorenyl-methoxycarbonyloxy) succinimide (FMOC-Su) derivatization. Thirteen blind materials, one pair of which were duplicates, were tested by 12 collaborating laboratories. The test samples consisted of various commercial products, including tablets, capsules, drink mix, and liquids as well as raw materials, blanks, and those for spike recovery analyses. The tests with blank products and products spiked with glucosamine showed good specificity of the method. The average recoveries at spike levels of 100 and 150% of the declared amount were 99.0% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.1%, and 101% with an RSD of 2.3%, respectively. The test results between laboratories on each commercial product were reproducible with RSD values of no more than 4.0%, and the results were repeatable in the same laboratory with an average RSD of 0.7%. HorRat values ranged from 0.5 to 1.7 on both tests of spike recovery and reproducibility between laboratories on commercial products. The average determination coefficient of the calibration curves from the laboratories was 0.9995 with an RSD of 0.03%. All of the 12 collaborating laboratories succeeded in the study and none of their reported test results were outliers, partly indicating the robustness of the method. It is recommended that the method be accepted by AOAC INTERNATIONAL as Official First Action.
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Lampen J, Duspayev A, Nguyen H, Tamura H, Berman PR, Kuzmich A. Hanbury Brown-Twiss Correlations for a Driven Superatom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:203603. [PMID: 31809095 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.203603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hanbury Brown-Twiss interference and stimulated emission, two fundamental processes in atomic physics, have been studied in a wide range of applications in science and technology. We study interference effects that occur when a weak probe is sent through a gas of two-level atoms that are prepared in a singly excited collective (Dicke or "superatom") state and for atoms prepared in a factorized state. We measure the time-integrated second-order correlation function g^{(2)} of the output field as a function of the delay τ between the input probe field and radiation emitted by the atoms and find that, for the Dicke state, g^{(2)} is twice as large for τ=0 as it is for γ_{e}τ≫1 (γ_{e} is an excited state decay rate), while for the product state, this ratio is equal to 3/2. The results agree with those of a theoretical model in which any effects related to stimulated emission are totally neglected-the coincidence counts measured in our experiment arise from Hanbury Brown-Twiss interference between the input field and the field radiated by the atoms.
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Xiong W, Gasparian A, Gao H, Dutta D, Khandaker M, Liyanage N, Pasyuk E, Peng C, Bai X, Ye L, Gnanvo K, Gu C, Levillain M, Yan X, Higinbotham DW, Meziane M, Ye Z, Adhikari K, Aljawrneh B, Bhatt H, Bhetuwal D, Brock J, Burkert V, Carlin C, Deur A, Di D, Dunne J, Ekanayaka P, El-Fassi L, Emmich B, Gan L, Glamazdin O, Kabir ML, Karki A, Keith C, Kowalski S, Lagerquist V, Larin I, Liu T, Liyanage A, Maxwell J, Meekins D, Nazeer SJ, Nelyubin V, Nguyen H, Pedroni R, Perdrisat C, Pierce J, Punjabi V, Shabestari M, Shahinyan A, Silwal R, Stepanyan S, Subedi A, Tarasov VV, Ton N, Zhang Y, Zhao ZW. A small proton charge radius from an electron-proton scattering experiment. Nature 2019; 575:147-150. [PMID: 31695211 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Elastic electron-proton scattering (e-p) and the spectroscopy of hydrogen atoms are the two methods traditionally used to determine the proton charge radius, rp. In 2010, a new method using muonic hydrogen atoms1 found a substantial discrepancy compared with previous results2, which became known as the 'proton radius puzzle'. Despite experimental and theoretical efforts, the puzzle remains unresolved. In fact, there is a discrepancy between the two most recent spectroscopic measurements conducted on ordinary hydrogen3,4. Here we report on the proton charge radius experiment at Jefferson Laboratory (PRad), a high-precision e-p experiment that was established after the discrepancy was identified. We used a magnetic-spectrometer-free method along with a windowless hydrogen gas target, which overcame several limitations of previous e-p experiments and enabled measurements at very small forward-scattering angles. Our result, rp = 0.831 ± 0.007stat ± 0.012syst femtometres, is smaller than the most recent high-precision e-p measurement5 and 2.7 standard deviations smaller than the average of all e-p experimental results6. The smaller rp we have now measured supports the value found by two previous muonic hydrogen experiments1,7. In addition, our finding agrees with the revised value (announced in 2019) for the Rydberg constant8-one of the most accurately evaluated fundamental constants in physics.
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Mehta SR, Wood DA, Storey RF, Mehran R, Bainey KR, Nguyen H, Meeks B, Di Pasquale G, López-Sendón J, Faxon DP, Mauri L, Rao SV, Feldman L, Steg PG, Avezum Á, Sheth T, Pinilla-Echeverri N, Moreno R, Campo G, Wrigley B, Kedev S, Sutton A, Oliver R, Rodés-Cabau J, Stanković G, Welsh R, Lavi S, Cantor WJ, Wang J, Nakamya J, Bangdiwala SI, Cairns JA. Complete Revascularization with Multivessel PCI for Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:1411-1421. [PMID: 31475795 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1907775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the culprit lesion reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction. Whether PCI of nonculprit lesions further reduces the risk of such events is unclear. METHODS We randomly assigned patients with STEMI and multivessel coronary artery disease who had undergone successful culprit-lesion PCI to a strategy of either complete revascularization with PCI of angiographically significant nonculprit lesions or no further revascularization. Randomization was stratified according to the intended timing of nonculprit-lesion PCI (either during or after the index hospitalization). The first coprimary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction; the second coprimary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven revascularization. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 3 years, the first coprimary outcome had occurred in 158 of the 2016 patients (7.8%) in the complete-revascularization group as compared with 213 of the 2025 patients (10.5%) in the culprit-lesion-only PCI group (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60 to 0.91; P = 0.004). The second coprimary outcome had occurred in 179 patients (8.9%) in the complete-revascularization group as compared with 339 patients (16.7%) in the culprit-lesion-only PCI group (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.61; P<0.001). For both coprimary outcomes, the benefit of complete revascularization was consistently observed regardless of the intended timing of nonculprit-lesion PCI (P = 0.62 and P = 0.27 for interaction for the first and second coprimary outcomes, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with STEMI and multivessel coronary artery disease, complete revascularization was superior to culprit-lesion-only PCI in reducing the risk of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction, as well as the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven revascularization. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and others; COMPLETE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01740479.).
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Schoch JJ, Nguyen H, Schoch BS, Anderson KR, Stans AA, Driscoll D, Tollefson M. Orthopaedic diagnoses in patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. J Child Orthop 2019; 13:457-462. [PMID: 31695812 PMCID: PMC6808075 DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.13.190065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare combined vascular malformation composed of capillary malformation, lymphatic and/or venous malformation and limb overgrowth, which commonly affects the extremities. Due to limb involvement, it is not uncommon for these patients to require referral to an orthopaedic surgeon. Herein we reviewed the prevalence of orthopaedic diagnoses in a large cohort of KTS patients and described the associated surgical interventions. METHODS Between 1976 and 2012, 410 patients fulfilling strict criteria for KTS were evaluated at a single institution. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic information, details of the clinical evaluation, orthopaedic consultation and surgical interventions. RESULTS A total of 264 of 410 patients (64%) with confirmed KTS required orthopaedic evaluation. Of these 264 patients, 84% had documented limb-length discrepancy. Other common diagnoses included: angular deformities (10%), scoliosis (9%), osteopenia/osteoporosis (7%), pathological fractures (6%), joint contracture (5%), degenerative joint disease (4%) and limb/joint pain (4%). Of the 264 patients evaluated by orthopaedic surgery, 133 patients (50.4%) underwent 169 surgeries. Surgery was most commonly performed for limb-length discrepancy (62%). Multivariable analysis confirmed an orthopaedic condition was more likely in patients with lymphatic malformation (odds ratio (OR) 3.78; p < 0.001), as well as in those with bone and/or soft-tissue hypertrophy of the lower extremity (OR 7.51; p < 0.001) or foot (OR 3.23; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Orthopaedic conditions are common in patients with KTS and approximately 50% require surgical intervention. Those with a lymphatic malformation and/or soft-tissue hypertrophy of the lower extremity are more likely to need surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, Descriptive Case Series.
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Mehta SR, Wood DA, Meeks B, Storey RF, Mehran R, Bainey KR, Nguyen H, Bangdiwala SI, Cairns JA. Design and rationale of the COMPLETE trial: A randomized, comparative effectiveness study of complete versus culprit-only percutaneous coronary intervention to treat multivessel coronary artery disease in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2019; 215:157-166. [PMID: 31326681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). Following successful culprit lesion percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for STEMI, the question of whether to routinely revascularize non-culprit lesions or manage them conservatively with optimal medical therapy (OMT) alone is a common dilemma facing clinicians. METHODS: COMPLETE is a prospective, randomized, international, multicenter, parallel group, open-label trial with blinded evaluation of outcomes. Following successful PCI (contemporary drug eluting stents recommended) of the culprit lesion for STEMI, a total of 4041 patients from 140 centers in 31 countries were randomized to receive either complete revascularization, consisting of staged PCI of all suitable non-culprit lesions plus optimal medical therapy (OMT), or to culprit lesion-only PCI, consisting of OMT alone. OMT comprises evidence-based therapy for STEMI, including and dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor, HTN and lipid management. All coronary angiograms in the trial are being evaluated in a central angiographic core lab to assess quality and completeness of revascularization. The co-primary outcomes are (1): the composite of CV death or new non-fatal MI and (2 the composite of CV death, new non-fatal MI or ischemia-driven revascularization at a median follow-up of 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: The COMPLETE trial is an international multicenter randomized trial that will help determine whether complete revascularization involving staged PCI of non-culprit lesions improves outcomes in patients with STEMI and multivessel CAD. (clinicaltrials.govNCT01740479).
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Nguyen H, Shao Q. Oracle model selection for correlated data via residuals. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2018.1485946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nguyen H, Butow P, Dhillon H, Morris L, Brown A, West K, Sundaresan P. OC-0198 Using PROs and PROMs in routine head and neck cancer care: what do RTs perceive as barriers? Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dang V, Dao T, Ha K, Nguyen T, Tran T, Nguyen H. Neoadjuvant treatment breast cancer: a retrospective study in Vietnam National Cancer Hospital. Breast 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(19)30272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Mohammad S, Nguyen H, Nguyen M, Abdel-Rasoul M, Nguyen V, Nguyen C, Nguyen K, Li L, Kitzmiller J. Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: Untapped Potential for Statin Pharmacotherapy. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019; 17:239-261. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666180723120608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Statins are effective for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic
cardiovascular disease. They also have systemic anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties
suggesting potential utility for improving clinical outcomes for a wide range of diseases. The literature
provides data suggesting benefit in patients with comorbidities associated with contrast-induced nephropathy
(CIN), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, head injury, neurological
disease (e.g. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease), prostate cancer, nuclear cataract and spinal cord
injury. This systematic review evaluates the current evidence supporting the potential benefit of statins
outside their customary role of attenuating cardiovascular risk reduction.
</P><P>
Methods: The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for studies
published January 2000 - March 2018 reporting comorbidity reduction associated with statin use.
</P><P>
Results: Fifty-eight publications that satisfied our selection criteria (based on the PRISM guidance for
systematic reviews) were selected and included case-control, cohort, cross-sectional and observational
studies as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Ten studies addressed statin use and incidence
of CIN after coronary imaging; 8 addressed statin use in patients with COPD; 14 addressed statin use
and comorbidity reduction associated with head injury and/or a neurological disease disorder; 5 addressed
the association between statin use and nuclear cataract; 9 addressed the association between
statin use and prostate/colorectal cancer; 9 studies addressed the role of statin use in treating infections;
and 3 addressed the association between statin use and spinal cord injury related survival rate.
</P><P>
Conclusion: Overall, the literature supports beneficial pleiotropic effects of statin use in contrastinduced
nephropathy, head injury, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, nuclear cataract, prostate cancer,
infection management, and spinal cord injury. Further investigation is warranted, and randomized
clinical trials are needed to confirm the clinical utility suggested by the reported studies included in this
meta-analysis.
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Nguyen H, Rahemi H, Lee H, Najafi B. TOWARD SMART WEARABLE TO TRACK FRAILTY PHENOTYPES—MEASURING PROPULSION PERFORMANCE TO DETERMINE FRAILTY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bosse K, Oberlechner E, Hoffmann A, Fugunt R, Böer B, Gruber I, Helms G, Hoopmann U, Röhm C, Hartkopf A, Komoss S, Faust U, Pohle A, Dufke A, Nguyen H, Kehrer M, Schroeder C, Heinrich T, Rieß O, Staebler A, Vogel U, Taran FA, Brucker SY, Marx M, Wallwiener D, Hahn M. Prädiktive Testung bei Familienangehörigen von BRCA1, BRCA2 und CHEK2 Mutationsträgerinnen am Universitätsbrustzentrum Tübingen – eine klinische retrospektive unizentrische Kohortenstudie. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Kusejko K, Marzel A, Hampel B, Bachmann N, Nguyen H, Fehr J, Braun DL, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Hoffmann M, Böni J, Yerly S, Klimkait T, Perreau M, Rauch A, Günthard HF, Kouyos RD. Quantifying the drivers of HIV transmission and prevention in men who have sex with men: a population model-based analysis in Switzerland. HIV Med 2018; 19:688-697. [PMID: 30051600 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the huge success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is an ongoing HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) in resource-rich countries. Understanding the driving factors underlying this process is important for curbing the epidemic. METHODS We simulated the HIV epidemic in MSM in Switzerland by stratifying a mathematical model by CD4 count, the care cascade and condom use. The model was parametrised with clinical, epidemiological and behavioural data from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and surveys in the HIV-negative population. RESULTS According to our model, 3.4% of the cases that would otherwise have occurred in 2008-2015 were prevented by early initiation of ART. Only 0.6% of the cases were attributable to a change in condom use in the HIV-positive population, as less usage is mainly seen in virally suppressed MSM. Most new infections were attributable to transmission from recently infected undiagnosed individuals. It was estimated that doubling the diagnosis rate would have resulted in 11.8% fewer cases in 2001-2015. Moreover, it was estimated that introducing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for 50% of those MSM not using condoms with occasional partners would have resulted in 22.6% fewer cases in 2012-2015. CONCLUSIONS By combining observational data on the relevant epidemiological and clinical processes with a mathematical model, we showed that the 'test and treat' approach is most effective in reducing the number of new cases. Only a moderate population-level effect was estimated for early initiation of ART and a weak effect for the change in condom use of diagnosed MSM. Protecting HIV-negative individuals who are not using condoms with PrEP was shown to have a major impact.
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Nguyen H, Narayanan D, Limmer A, Simonette R, Rady P, Tyring S. 847 Modulation of the p38-MAPK/MSK/Histone H3 axis by select cutaneous polyomavirus small T antigens. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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