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Venmathi Maran BA, Oh SY, Choi HJ, Myoung JG. Seasonal occurrence and habitat of two pennellids (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) infecting marine ranched black scraper and Korean rockfish in Korea. Trop Biomed 2014; 31:362-369. [PMID: 25134906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal occurrence and habitat of two parasitic copepods, Peniculus minuticaudae (Shiino, 1956) and Peniculus truncatus (Shiino, 1956) (Siphonostomatoida, Pennellidae) infecting the fins of black scraper Thamnaconus modestus and Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii, respectively were investigated. The fishes were collected from Tongyeong marine living resources research and conservation center, southern coast of Korea as five per month for two years from July 2011 to June 2013. In total, 391 copepods of P. minuticaudae were collected in two years, in contrast to P. truncatus. Prevalence was 85%, mean intensity was 3.25, and maximum intensity was 33. Season wise, the infestation was observed as the highest in autumn (September-November) season, and the lowest in winter (December- February). It was infested only on fins of black scrapers. Abundance of P. minuticaudae was found on the pectoral fin (43.5%), followed by anal (22.5%), second dorsal (20.5%) and caudal fins (13.5%). Statistically significant interactions were observed between season, infestation and infected regions (P<0.001). It is also reported for the first time in Korea from the fins of wild threadsail filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer from Busan, Jeju, Tongyeong and Yeosu fish markets. It can be a new record on its host and localities. A total of 51 P. truncatus were collected with the prevalence of 37.5%, mean intensity of 0.37 and maximum intensity of 6. Season wise, infestation was observed as the highest in summer (June-August), and the lowest in winter. Attachment site was the dorsal fin and not found from any other fins of rockfish. Statistically significant interaction was observed between season and infestation (P<0.05). This is the first report on the ecology of these two pennellids.
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Konieczka K, Choi HJ, Koch S, Schoetzau A, Küenzi D, Kim DM. Frequency of symptoms and signs of primary vascular dysregulation in Swiss and Korean populations. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2014; 231:344-7. [PMID: 24771164 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary vascular dysregulation syndrome (also called Flammer syndrome) is related to certain eye diseases, particularly normal tension glaucoma. Primary vascular dysregulation is characterized by a number of symptoms and signs (e.g., cold hands and/or feet, low blood pressure), that occur more frequently in subjects with primary vascular dysregulation compared to the general population. The aim of the present study was to test and compare the relative frequency of symptoms and signs related to primary vascular dysregulation in unselected populations in Switzerland and Korea. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Swiss (n=259) and Korean (n=1116) subjects filled out our questionnaire containing 15 questions related to symptoms and signs of primary vascular dysregulation. RESULTS In the populations studied, seven of 15 symptoms and signs of primary vascular dysregulation (increased smell perception, increased pain sensation, increased response to certain drugs, low body mass index, feeling cold, cold hands and/or feet, and headaches) occurred significantly more often in the Swiss population than in the Korean population, whereas five symptoms and signs (reversible skin blotches, tendency toward perfectionism, long sleep onset time, tinnitus, and dizziness) occurred significantly more often in the Korean population. CONCLUSION The relative frequency of these symptoms and signs of primary vascular dysregulation in an unselected average population differs between Switzerland and Korea. Therefore, if a diagnosis of primary vascular dysregulation is based on the self-reported symptoms and signs of the patient, they must be compared with the frequency of symptoms and signs in the corresponding local population.
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Kim JH, Seong MW, Lee KE, Choi HJ, Ku EJ, Bae JH, Park SS, Choi SH, Kim SW, Shin C, Kim SY. Germline mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with apparently sporadic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma in Korea. Clin Genet 2013; 86:482-6. [PMID: 24134185 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess the frequency of germline mutations and develop the genetic testing strategy in patients with apparently sporadic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) in Korea. We included 53 patients diagnosed with non-syndromic PPGL without a family history of PPGLs in three referral centers from 2004 to 2011. Succinate dehydrogenase complex B (SDHB), SDHD, Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), and rearranged during transfection (RET) genes were examined by direct sequencing and multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification. The study patients were composed of 26 men and 27 women, and mean age was 50.1 ± 13.5 years. The frequency of germline mutations was 13.2% (7/53): RET (n = 2), VHL (n = 1), SDHB (n = 2), and SDHD (n = 2). Six of seven mutation carriers were diagnosed before the age of 50. One of two patients harboring an SDHB mutation had malignant PPGLs. One patient with multifocal head and neck paraganglioma (PGL) and pheochromocytoma (PHEO) carried a SDHD mutation. The carriers of germline mutations in patients with apparently sporadic PPGL were 13.2% in our study. We recommend genetic testing in patients below 50 years and SDHD genetic testing in patients with multifocal PPGLs. In malignant PPGLs, SDHB genetic testing may be performed.
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Lee YK, Ha YC, Choi HJ, Jang S, Park C, Lim YT, Shin CS. Bisphosphonate use and subsequent hip fracture in South Korea. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:2887-92. [PMID: 23681088 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We determined the incidence of second hip fracture and evaluated whether compliant and persistent users of bisphosphonate had a lower incidence of second hip fracture after prior hip fracture, from a national claim registry. INTRODUCTION Bisphosphonate is prescribed worldwide for the primary prevention of osteoporotic fracture. However, the association between adherent use of bisphosphonate and prevention of second hip fracture is unclear. Our purpose was to determine whether the adherent use of bisphosphonate was associated with a decreased risk of second hip fracture in South Korea, using a nationwide database. METHODS From 2007 to 2011, first and second hip fractures were identified using the ICD-10 and procedure code form from the nationwide database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Compliant use of bisphosphonate was defined as a patient medication possession ratio of 80 or more. Persistent users were defined patients with a refill gap of 30 days or less. We compared the incidence of second hip fracture in compliant and persistent users and non-users. RESULTS Among 59,782 patients with first hip fracture, in this study, 1,336 second hip fracture occurred after the initial hip fracture during the study period. The mean age at the first hip fracture was 75.4 years (range, 50 to 100 years). The cumulative 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year incidence of second hip fracture was 1.0% (552/59,782), 1.9% (1,123/59,782), and 2.2% (1,336/59,782), respectively. After multivariate analysis, compliant and persistent use of bisphosphonate was significantly independent protectors for second hip fracture (HR, 0.595; 95% CI, 0.400-0.885; HR, 0.433; 95% CI, 0.327-0.573, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Compliant and persistent use of bisphosphonate decreases the risk of second hip fracture, in terms of secondary prevention.
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Choi HJ, Kim YJ, Lee S, Kim YS. A heterodimeric Fc-based bispecific antibody simultaneously targeting VEGFR-2 and Met exhibits potent antitumor activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2748-59. [PMID: 24132142 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heterodimeric Fc designed by engineering the CH3 homodimeric interface of immunoglobulin G1 serves as an attractive scaffold for the generation of bispecific antibodies (bsAb) due to the favorable properties of the Fc region. In this study, we describe a heterodimeric Fc generated by substituting the conserved electrostatic interactions at the CH3 core interface with asymmetric hydrophobic interactions and introducing asymmetric, long-range electrostatic interactions at the rim of the CH3 interface. Coexpression of Fc proteins carrying the combined CH3 variant pairs in HEK293F cells produced the heterodimer, which was purified with more than 90% yield, and retained wild-type Fc biophysical properties. The heterodimeric Fc was exploited to generate a bsAb simultaneously targeting both the Met receptor tyrosine kinase and the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), with two respective antigen-specific, single-chain variable fragments (scFv) into the N-terminus. The Met × VEGFR-2 bsAb bound concurrently to the two target antigens, efficiently inhibited the downstream signaling and tube formation stimulated by the two receptors in human endothelial cells, and exhibited more potent antitumor efficacy in MKN45 human gastric cancer xenograft models than both the parent monospecific antibody alone. Collectively, based on the newly designed heterodimeric Fc-based bsAb, our results provide the therapeutic potential of bsAb targeting both Met and VEGFR-2 simultaneously for the treatment of human cancers.
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Kim YA, Choi HJ, Lee JY, Han BG, Shin CS, Cho NH. Replication of Caucasian loci associated with bone mineral density in Koreans. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:2603-10. [PMID: 23575750 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Most bone mineral density (BMD) loci were reported in Caucasian genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This study investigated the association between 59 known BMD loci (+200 suggestive SNPs) and DXA-derived BMD in East Asian population with respect to sex and site specificity. We also identified four novel BMD candidate loci from the suggestive SNPs. INTRODUCTION Most GWAS have reported BMD-related variations in Caucasian populations. This study investigates whether the BMD loci discovered in Caucasian GWAS are also associated with BMD in East Asian ethnic samples. METHODS A total of 2,729 unrelated Korean individuals from a population-based cohort were analyzed. We selected 747 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These markers included 547 SNPs from 59 loci with genome-wide significance (GWS, p value less than 5 × 10(-8)) levels and 200 suggestive SNPs that showed weaker BMD association with p value less than 5 × 10(-5). After quality control, 535 GWS SNPs and 182 suggestive SNPs were included in the replication analysis. RESULTS Of the 535 GWS SNPs, 276 from 25 loci were replicated (p < 0.05) in the Korean population with 51.6 % replication rate. Of the 182 suggestive variants, 16 were replicated (p < 0.05, 8.8 % of replication rate), and five reached a significant combined p value (less than 7.0 × 10(-5), 0.05/717 SNPs, corrected for multiple testing). Two markers (rs11711157, rs3732477) are for the same signal near the gene CPN2 (carboxypeptidase N, polypeptide 2). The other variants, rs6436440 and rs2291296, were located in the genes AP1S3 (adaptor-related protein complex 1, sigma 3 subunit) and RARB (retinoic acid receptor, beta). CONCLUSION Our results illustrate ethnic differences in BMD susceptibility genes and underscore the need for further genetic studies in each ethnic group. We were also able to replicate some SNPs with suggestive associations. These SNPs may be BMD-related genetic markers and should be further investigated.
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Lee TH, Moon JH, Kim JH, Park DH, Lee SS, Choi HJ, Cho YD, Park SH, Kim SJ. Primary and revision efficacy of cross-wired metallic stents for endoscopic bilateral stent-in-stent placement in malignant hilar biliary strictures. Endoscopy 2013; 45:106-13. [PMID: 23212727 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1325928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Endoscopic bilateral drainage for inoperable malignant hilar biliary strictures (HBS) using metal stents is considered to be technically difficult. Furthermore, endoscopic revision of bilateral stenting after occlusion can be challenging. This study was performed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of endoscopic bilateral stent-in-stent placement of cross-wired metallic stents in high-grade malignant HBS and planned endoscopic bilateral revision. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 84 patients with inoperable high-grade malignant HBS were enrolled from three academic tertiary referral centers. Two cross-wired metal stents were inserted using a bilateral stent-in-stent placement method. Bilateral endoscopic revision was also performed during follow-up using either identical metal stents or plastic stents. The main outcome measurements were technical and functional success, complications, stent patency, and endoscopic revision efficacy. RESULTS The technical and clinical success rates of endoscopic bilateral stent-in-stent placement of cross-wired metallic stents were 95.2% (80/84) and 92.9% (78/84), respectively. Median patency (range) and survival were 238 days (10-429) and 256 days (10-1130), respectively. Obstruction of primary bilateral stents occurred in 30.8% (24/78) of patients with functionally successful stent placement. The technical and clinical success rates of planned bilateral endoscopic revision for occluded stents were 83.3% (20/24) and 79.2% (19/24), respectively. For revision, bilateral metallic stents were placed in 11 patients (55.0%); the remaining patients received plastic stents. CONCLUSIONS Palliative endoscopic bilateral stent-in-stent placement of cross-wired metallic stents was effective in patients with inoperable HBS. Revision endoscopic bilateral stenting may be feasible and successful in cases where the primary deployed metal stents are occluded.
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Lee YN, Moon JH, Choi HJ. Reply to Peng & Chow. Endoscopy 2013; 45:155. [PMID: 23364845 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1326180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Choi HJ, Kim J, Do KH, Park SH, Moon Y. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-induced macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 mediates cancer cell survival: an in vitro implication of infection-linked tumor dissemination. Oncogene 2013; 32:4960-9. [PMID: 23503457 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mucosally adherent Escherichia coli is frequently observed in intestinal surface of patients with colorectal cancer, but rarely in healthy control. Particularly, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is known to be closely associated with colorectal carcinogenesis in human. In this study, one consequence of EPEC infection in human intestinal cancer cells was induction of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1), which is a multifunctional cytokine with biological activities involved in cancer cell growth, differentiation and migration. The present investigation assessed the involvement of MIC-1 protein in EPEC infection-mediated cancer cell survival. The challenge with EPEC induced cancer cell detachment via cytoskeleton rearrangement, which was positively associated with induced MIC-1 expression. Moreover, MIC-1 also mediated RhoA GTPase-linked survival of the detached cancer cells. Blocking of MIC-1 or RhoA activity increased cellular apoptosis of the detached cancer cells. In terms of signaling pathway, MIC-1 triggered transforming growth factorβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which enhanced expression of RhoA GTPase. We conclude that EPEC enhances MIC-1 gene expression in the human intestinal cancer cells, which can be associated with enhanced tumor cell resistance to anchorage-dependent tumor cell death via enhanced TAK1 and RhoA GTPase.
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Rengaraj D, Lee BR, Choi JW, Lee SI, Seo HW, Kim TH, Choi HJ, Song G, Han JY. Gene pathways and cell cycle-related genes in cultured avian primordial germ cells. Poult Sci 2013; 91:3167-77. [PMID: 23155027 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGC) from early embryos are applicable to various kinds of research, including the production of transgenic animals. Primordial germ cells eventually migrate and differentiate into germ cells in the gonads, where they settle and rapidly proliferate. However, the proliferation rate of PGC is low in early embryos, and there are many significant pathways that mediate PGC activity. Therefore, in vitro culture of PGC from early embryos with efficient growth factors has been necessary. Recently, we cultured chicken PGC from embryonic d 2.5 with basic fibroblast growth factor and characterized the PGC through analysis of cell morphology, survival, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, large-scale analyses of genes expressed in cultured PGC and the genes involved in associated pathways are limited. The objective of the present investigation was to identify the signaling and metabolic pathways of expressed genes by microarray comparison between PGC and their somatic counterpart, chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF). We identified 795 genes that were expressed more predominantly in PGC and 824 genes that were expressed more predominantly in CEF. Among the predominant genes in PGC, 201 were differentially identified in 106 pathways. Among the predominant genes in CEF, 242 were differentially identified in 99 pathways. To further validate the genes involved in at least one candidate pathway, those involved in the cell cycle (12 predominant genes in PGC and 8 predominant genes in CEF) were examined by real-time PCR. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate signaling and metabolic pathways in cultured PGC.
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Choi SH, Yun KE, Choi HJ. Relationships between serum total bilirubin levels and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:31-37. [PMID: 21703835 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with insulin resistance in all parts of its natural history, which is accompanied by oxidative stress. Bilirubin is a potent endogenous antioxidant and cytoprotectant. The current study was performed to identify the major predictors of the total bilirubin level and to assess the relationships between the total bilirubin levels and MS in Korean adults. METHODS AND RESULTS This is a cross-sectional study involving 12342 adults aged 20 years and over who visited a Health Promotion Center. Physical examinations and laboratory tests including total and direct bilirubin levels were performed. MS was defined based on the modified NCEP-ATP III definition and the determinations of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. The results showed that hemoglobin had the strongest influence on the total bilirubin levels after adjusting for age, gender, and all other variables. The high-bilirubin group (≥15.4 μmol/L in males and ≥12.1 μmol/L in females) was associated with significantly decreased odds of MS compared to the low-bilirubin group (OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.64-0.86]). High levels of bilirubin also were negatively associated with abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. The total bilirubin levels decreased with an increase in the number of MS components after adjustment for all covariates. CONCLUSION Within the physiological range, the serum total bilirubin level was negatively associated with the MS in subjects without overt metabolic or cardiovascular diseases. This may be partially due to the negative association between the total bilirubin level and abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia.
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Sim HH, Kim YJ, Choi HJ. Polymer encapsulated inorganic black pigment nanoparticles and their electrophoretic characteristics. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 12:9254-9258. [PMID: 23447986 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.6773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Black inorganic pigment modified with poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) was fabricated via dispersion polymerization, and then the synthesized hybrid nanoparticles were examined by SEM to confirm their morphology, while their density and size were studied using a gas pycnometer and electrophoretic light scattering apparatus, respectively. We also confirmed their chemical structure and coated state via FT-IR and TGA. Electrophoretic characteristics including the zeta potential were examined via an electrophoretic light scattering apparatus, while the movement of particles was directly observed by an optical microscopy under an electric field applied. The hybrid nanoparticles were confirmed to possess an electrophoretic property as a potential candidate for the microcapsule-type electrophoretic display.
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Lee YN, Moon JH, Choi HJ, Min SK, Kim HI, Lee TH, Cho YD, Park SH, Kim SJ. Direct peroral cholangioscopy using an ultraslim upper endoscope for management of residual stones after mechanical lithotripsy for retained common bile duct stones. Endoscopy 2012; 44:819-24. [PMID: 22791587 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1309880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The incidence of residual stones after mechanical lithotripsy for retained common bile duct (CBD) stones is relatively high. Peroral cholangioscopy using a mother-baby system may be useful for confirming complete extraction of stones, but has several limitations regarding routine use. We evaluated the role of direct peroral cholangioscopy (DPOC) using an ultraslim upper endoscope for the evaluation and removal of residual CBD stones after mechanical lithotripsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS From August 2006 to November 2010, 48 patients who had undergone mechanical lithotripsy for retained CBD stones with no evidence of filling defects in balloon cholangiography were recruited. The bile duct was inspected by DPOC after balloon cholangiography. Detected residual CBD stones were directly retrieved with a basket or balloon catheter under DPOC. The incidence of residual stones detected by DPOC, and the success rate of residual stone retrieval under DPOC were investigated. RESULTS DPOC was successfully performed in 46 of the 48 patients (95.8%). Of these, 13 patients (28.3%) had residual CBD stones (mean number 1.4, range 1-3; mean diameter 4.5 mm, range 2.3-9.6). The residual stones were removed directly under DPOC in 11 of these patients (84.6%). There were no complications associated with DPOC or stone removal. CONCLUSION DPOC using an ultraslim upper endoscope is a useful endoscopic procedure for the evaluation and extraction of residual stones after mechanical lithotripsy for retained CBD stones.
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Choi SY, Yun KE, Choi HJ. Risk factors associated with high glycated hemoglobin levels (≥5.7%) in Korean adults with normal fasting glucose. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:730-4. [PMID: 21970859 DOI: 10.3275/7980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of high risk for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and early diagnosis of T2DM are fundamental for the prevention of diabetes and associated complications. AIM To identify the major predictors of high glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1C)) levels in people with normal fasting glucose levels. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 8035 adults aged ≥20 yr. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of clinical risk factors for high HbA(1C) (≥5.7%) in the subjects with normal fasting glucose levels (<100 mg/dl). RESULTS Except for fasting glucose levels, age, and total cholesterol levels were significantly associated with HbA(1C) levels. After adjustment for gender, fasting glucose, and behavioral factors, OR for high HbA(1C) levels for age (≥40 yr old) and high total cholesterol levels (≥200 mg/dl) were 2.27 (95% CI: 2.01-2.56) and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.56-1.97), respectively. Each OR was higher than that of metabolic syndrome (MS) (OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.34- 1.87). Coexistence of both factors had a higher OR (OR=2.40, 95% CI: 2.11-2.72) for high HbA(1C) levels when compared to each factor alone. CONCLUSIONS HbA(1C) was significantly associated with fasting glucose, age, and total cholesterol levels. In subjects with normal fasting glucose levels, age of over 40 yr or high total cholesterol levels (≥200 mg/dl) is more predictive of high HbA(1C) levels than MS. These findings suggest that both factors might be better predictors than MS for the screening of pre-diabetes or diabetes in clinical practice.
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Choi HJ, You YK, Na GH, Hong TH, Shetty GS, Kim DG. Single-port laparoscopy-assisted donor right hepatectomy in living donor liver transplantation: sensible approach or unnecessary hindrance? Transplant Proc 2012; 44:347-52. [PMID: 22410013 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-port laparoscopic (SPL) surgery has rapidly gained attention worldwide. Since May 2008, we have propagated the use of SPL surgery, mainly for cholecystectomy and appendectomy. Recently, we have used this modality of minimally invasive surgery for various liver surgeries. We hereby discuss our outcomes of SPL-assisted donor right hepatectomies. METHODS The preoperative workup is the same as for a standard donor hepatectomy. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 150 patients who underwent donor right hepatectomy from October 2008 to May 2011. We divided them into 3 groups depending on the type of surgical procedure. RESULTS Among 150 patients, 20 underwent laparoscopy-assisted donor right hepatectomy (LADRH); 40 underwent single-port laparoscopy-assisted donor right hepatectomy (SPLADRH); and 90 underwent open donor right hepatectomy (ODRH). The donor demographics were comparable among the groups. Postoperative complication and reoperation rates revealed no significant differences. The SPLADRH group showed the lowest level of postoperative pain, thereby leading to a better quality of life postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS SPLADRH seems to be a simple, feasible approach.
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Kim JH, Choi HJ, Kim MJ, Shin CS, Cho NH. Fat mass is negatively associated with bone mineral content in Koreans. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:2009-16. [PMID: 22006041 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Although obesity and osteoporosis are important public health problems, the effect of fat mass on bone mass remains controversial. This study demonstrated that fat mass was inversely related to bone mineral content, and abdominal obesity was significantly associated with bone mineral content independent of total fat mass. INTRODUCTION Obesity and osteoporosis, two disorders of body composition, have become increasingly important public health problems throughout the world. However, the effect of fat mass on bone mass remains controversial. This study investigates the effect of fat mass and regional fat distribution on bone mass within a community-dwelling cohort. METHODS A total of 3,042 subjects (1,284 men, 362 premenopausal women, and 1,396 postmenopausal women) were studied. Fat mass, percent fat mass, lean mass, percent lean mass, and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Fat mass and percent fat mass decreased significantly across increasing tertiles of BMC in all three subgroups (men, premenopausal and postmenopausal women). In contrast, lean mass and percent lean mass increased significantly across tertiles of BMC in men, and a similar trend was also identified in postmenopausal women. Interestingly, although correlation analysis showed a positive association between fat mass and BMC (p < 0.05), this association became negative after controlling for age and weight (p < 0.05). Finally, in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, subjects with the lowest waist circumference (WC) had the highest BMC in the higher three quartiles of percent fat mass after adjusting for age and weight (p < 0.05), indicating that abdominal obesity is associated with BMC independent of total fat mass. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that fat mass was inversely related to BMC after removing the mechanical loading effect in Korean men and women. Moreover, abdominal obesity as measured by WC was significantly associated with BMC independent of total fat mass.
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Cheon YK, Moon JH, Choi HJ, Lee JE, Lee YN, Cho YD, Lee TH, Park SH, Kim SJ. Direct peroral pancreatoscopy with an ultraslim endoscope for the evaluation of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Endoscopy 2012; 43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E390-1. [PMID: 22275014 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Song SH, Kim SE, Agashe MV, Lee H, Refai MA, Park YE, Choi HJ, Park JH, Song HR. Growth disturbance after lengthening of the lower limb and quantitative assessment of physeal closure in skeletally immature patients with achondroplasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:556-63. [PMID: 22434475 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.94b4.28375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of limb lengthening on longitudinal growth in patients with achondroplasia. Growth of the lower extremity was assessed retrospectively by serial radiographs in 35 skeletally immature patients with achondroplasia who underwent bilateral limb lengthening (Group 1), and in 12 skeletally immature patients with achondroplasia who did not (Group 2). In Group 1, 23 patients underwent only tibial lengthening (Group 1a) and 12 patients underwent tibial and femoral lengthening sequentially (Group 1b). The mean lengthening in the tibia was 9.2 cm (59.5%) in Group 1a, and 9.0 cm (58.2%) in the tibia and 10.2 cm (54.3%) in the femur in Group 1b. The mean follow-up was 9.3 years (8.6 to 10.3). The final mean total length of lower extremity in Group 1a was 526.6 mm (501.3 to 552.9) at the time of skeletal maturity and 610.1 mm (577.6 to 638.6) in Group 1b, compared with 457.0 mm (411.7 to 502.3) in Group 2. However, the mean actual length, representing the length solely grown from the physis without the length of distraction, showed that there was a significant disturbance of growth after limb lengthening. In Group 1a, a mean decrease of 22.4 mm (21.3 to 23.1) (4.9%) was observed in the actual limb length when compared with Group 2, and a greater mean decrease of 38.9 mm (37.2 to 40.8) (8.5%) was observed in Group 1b when compared with Group 2 at skeletal maturity. In Group 1, the mean actual limb length was 16.5 mm (15.8 to 17.2) (3.6%) shorter in Group 1b when compared with Group 1a at the time of skeletal maturity. Premature physeal closure was seen mostly in the proximal tibia and the distal femur with relative preservation of proximal femur and distal tibia. We suggest that significant disturbance of growth can occur after extensive limb lengthening in patients with achondroplasia, and therefore, this should be included in pre-operative counselling of these patients and their parents.
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Sung ES, Park KJ, Choi HJ, Kim CH, Kim YS. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 potentiates TRAIL receptor agonist-induced apoptosis by stabilizing tBid and Bik in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1564-76. [PMID: 22513214 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is often resistant to conventional chemotherapy and thus requires novel treatment regimens. Here, we investigated the effects of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 in combination with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) or agonistic TRAIL receptor 1 (DR4)-specific monoclonal antibody, AY4, on sensitization of TRAIL- and AY4-resistant human HNSCC cell lines. Combination treatment of HNSCC cells synergistically induced apoptotic cell death accompanied by caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 activation and Bid cleavage into truncated Bid (tBid). Generation and accumulation of tBid through the cooperative action of MG132 with TRAIL or AY4 and Bik accumulation through MG132-mediated proteasome inhibition are critical to the synergistic apoptosis. In HNSCC cells, Bak was constrained by Mcl-1 and Bcl-X(L), but not by Bcl-2. Conversely, Bax did not interact with Mcl-1, Bcl-X(L), or Bcl-2. Importantly, tBid plays a major role in Bax activation, and Bik indirectly activates Bak by displacing it from Mcl-1 and Bcl-X(L), pointing to the synergistic mechanism of the combination treatment. In addition, knockdown of both Mcl-1 and Bcl-X(L) significantly sensitized HNSCC cells to TRAIL and AY4 as a single agent, suggesting that Bak constraint by Mcl-1 and Bcl-X(L) is an important resistance mechanism of TRAIL receptor-mediated apoptotic cell death. Our results provide a novel molecular mechanism for the potent synergy between MG132 proteasome inhibitor and TRAIL receptor agonists in HNSCC cells, suggesting that the combination of these agents may offer a new therapeutic strategy for HNSCC treatment.
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Kang HM, Jeong JH, Park JK, Lee KS, Kim WM, Choi HJ, Baik YJ. Effect of precursor ratio on the structural properties of ZnO thin films deposited by low pressure MOCVD. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 12:3669-3672. [PMID: 22849193 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.5631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of precursor ratio (H2O/DEZ) on the texture orientation, surface morphology, optical transparency and electrical resistivity of ZnO thin films deposited by MOCVD was investigated. Deposition temperature and pressure were fixed at 120 degrees C and 0.67 torr, respectively. The precursor ratio was varied between 0.1 and 4. It was found that the texture orientation changed from (0002) to (1120) with increase of the precursor ratio. (1120) textured film shows well facetted tetrapod like rough surface morphology, which scatters the incident light very effectively. The electrical resistivity was in the range of about 0.1 omega cm in the undoped state, which was found to decrease with increase of the film thickness and decrease of the precursor ratio.
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Park JE, Choi HJ, Kim IK, Lee HJ, Kang JH, Song J. Influence of serum leptin levels on future overweight risk in Korean children. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:260-268. [PMID: 21193296 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leptin is an important regulator of energy metabolism. It is considered to be positively related to body adiposity and metabolic disorders in obese adults and children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between baseline circulating leptin, insulin and adiponectin levels and future overweight and metabolic risks in a paediatric population-based cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS First-grade students, who entered elementary school at age 7 years in Gwacheon, a Korean city, were enrolled in this cohort study, and followed from 1st grade to 5th grade. Annual physical examinations from 2005 to 2009 were performed. In 2006, the levels of serum glucose, insulin, leptin and adiponectin and lipid profiles were examined. In 2008, the above parameters, except for adiponectin, were measured again in 381 children (202 boys and 179 girls) who participated. In 2006, 10.2% of the children were overweight (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile), and after 2 years, an additional 3% became overweight. Compared with insulin and adiponectin, leptin was most highly associated with current and future BMI, and percent body fat. Boys in the highest tertile for initial leptin (T3) showed the highest prevalence of overweight and metabolic risk scores among three leptin tertile groups. Girls showed the same trends as boys. High initial leptin levels could be predictive of greater future BMI and metabolic risk score (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results suggest that elevated serum leptin concentrations among the childhood population could be a marker for future BMI and metabolic disorders.
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Choi HJ, Lee AH, Lee SM. Comparison between a moving bed bioreactor and a fixed bed bioreactor for biological phosphate removal and denitrification. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2012; 65:1834-1838. [PMID: 22546799 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2012.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Moving bed bioreactors (MBBR) and fixed bed bioreactors (FBBR) were compared for biological phosphorus removal and denitrification. The sorption denitrification P-elimination (S-DN-P) process was selected for this study. Results indicated that all nutrients were removed by the FBBR process compared with the MBBR process: 19.8% (total COD), 35.5% (filtered COD), 27.6% (BOD(5)), 62.2% (acetate), 78.5% (PO(4)-P), and 54.2% (NO(3)-N) in MBBR; 49.7% (total COD), 54.0% (filtered COD), 63.2% (BOD(5)), 99.6% (acetate), 98.6% (PO(4)-P), and 75.9% (NO(3)-N) in FBBR. The phosphate uptake and NO(3)-N decomposition in the FBBR process during the denitrification phase were much higher than for the MBBR process despite being of shorter duration. Results obtained from this study are helpful in elucidating the practical implications of using MBBR and FBBR for the removal of bio-P and denitrification from wastewater.
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Lo WC, Hong HC, Choi HJ, Lai PY, Chan CK. Stretching and migration of DNA by solvent elasticity in an oscillatory flow. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:021802. [PMID: 21929010 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.021802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A model with solution viscoelasticity is proposed to explain the ratchetlike stretching of DNA by a symmetric ac electric field in polymer solutions. In this model, DNA is stretched by the interaction between the fluid elasticity and the oscillatory flow induced by DNA. Predictions of the model are confirmed by DNA stretching experiments performed in various polymer solutions and the corresponding rheological measurements of the solutions. In particular, experiments have verified that a net migration of stretched DNA in polymer solutions can be induced by a zero-mean asymmetric ac electric field. This last finding cannot be explained by other existing models.
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Song JH, Choi HJ. Silymarin efficacy against influenza A virus replication. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:832-5. [PMID: 21377857 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The anti-influenza A/PR/8/34 virus activity of silymarin was evaluated in MDCK cells and investigated the effect of silymarin on synthesis of viral mRNAs. Silymarin was investigated for its antiviral activity against influenza A/PR virus using a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction method. Silymarin exhibited anti-influenza A/PR/8/34 virus activity of 98% with no cytotoxicity at the concentration of 100 μg/ml reducing the formation of a visible CPE. Oseltamivir also did show moderate antiviral activity of about 52% against influenza A/PR/8/34 virus at the concentration of 100 μg/ml. Furthermore, the mechanism of anti-influenza virus action in the inhibition of viral mRNA synthesis was analyzed by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), and the data indicated an inhibitory effect in late viral RNA synthesis compared with oseltamivir in the presence of 100 μg/ml of silymarin. Therefore, the potential of silymarin for use in treating influenza virus infection merits greater attention.
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Chang CH, Tian L, Hesse WR, Gao H, Choi HJ, Kim JG, Siddiqui M, Barbastathis G. From two-dimensional colloidal self-assembly to three-dimensional nanolithography. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:2533-7. [PMID: 21568265 DOI: 10.1021/nl2011824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of "top-down" lithographic and "bottom-up" self-assembly methods have been developed to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures to support the recent advances in nanotechnology. But they are limited by a number of factors such as fabrication cost, pattern resolution, and/or flexibility of geometry. Here we present a 3D nanolithography process that utilizes self-assembled nanospheres to create a periodic array of focal spots, which are then replicated across multiple depth in a transparent medium according to the Talbot effect. The Talbot field then exposes a pattern onto the underlying photoresist, recording the 3D intensity distribution. We have demonstrated designable complex 3D periodic structures with 80 nm minimum feature size, roughly one-fourth of the operating wavelength. This approach combines 2D colloidal self-assembly and 3D phase lithography, is robust, cost-effective, and widely applicable to nanoscale research and manufacturing.
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