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Lee AR, Yang S, Shin YH, Kim JA, Chung IS, Cho HS, Lee JJ. A comparison of the BURP and conventional and modified jaw thrust manoeuvres for orotracheal intubation using the Clarus Video System. Anaesthesia 2013; 68:931-7. [PMID: 23841798 DOI: 10.1111/anae.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of three airway manipulation manoeuvres: (a) conventional (single-handed chin lift); (b) backward, upward and right-sided pressure (BURP) manoeuvre; and (c) modified jaw thrust manoeuvre (two-handed aided by an assistant) on laryngeal view and intubation time using the Clarus Video System in 215 patients undergoing general anaesthesia with orotracheal intubation. In the first part of this study, the laryngeal view was recorded as a modified Cormack-Lehane grade with each manoeuvre. In the second part, intubation was performed using the assigned airway manipulation. The primary outcome was the time to intubation, and the secondary outcomes were the modified Cormack-Lehane grade, the number of attempts and the overall success rate. There were significant differences in modified Cormack-Lehane grade between the three airway manipulations (p < 0.0001). Post-hoc analysis indicated that the modified jaw thrust improved the laryngeal view compared with the conventional (p < 0.0001) and the BURP manoeuvres (p < 0.0001). The BURP worsened the laryngeal view compared with the conventional manoeuvre (p = 0.0132). The time to intubation in the modified jaw thrust group was shorter than with the conventional manoeuvre (p = 0.0004) and the BURP group (p < 0.0001). We conclude that the modified jaw thrust is the most effective manoeuvre at improving the laryngeal view and shortening intubation time with the Clarus Video System.
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Jin OS, Lee JH, Shin YC, Lee EJ, Lee JJ, Matsumura K, Hyon SH, Han DW. Cryoprotection of fibroblasts by carboxylated poly-L-lysine upon repeated freeze/thaw cycles. CRYO LETTERS 2013; 34:396-403. [PMID: 23995407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The cryoprotection of carboxylated h-poly-L-lysine (COOH-PLL) was investigated on fibroblasts [L-929 cells and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs)] during multiple freeze/thaw cycles. COOH-PLL was not toxic to two fibroblast cell types even at 25% (w/v) concentration, whereas dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) was highly toxic over 3.13% (v/v). When L-929 cells were subjected to 5 freeze/thaw cycles, the media containing 7.5% (w/v) COOH-PLL maintained cell morphology and significantly suppressed growth inhibition as well as cell detachment (P < 0.05). The result was comparable to the media containing 10% (v/v) DMSO. For HDFs, COOH-PLL could effectively retain cell viability and proliferation against 3 freeze/thaw cycles. Cell viability of HDFs was decreased after 5 freeze/thaw cycles, but COOH-PLL exerted better cryoprotection. The cell type might account for the difference in the observations. The data demonstrated that COOH-PLL is a good cryoprotectant for mammalian cells against repeated freeze/thaw cycles, and may be used for cell preservation in fields of cell transplantation, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Phipps C, Ng HY, Appan P, Loh Y, Koh M, Ho AYL, Lee JJ, Linn YC, Tan BH, Goh YT, Hwang W. BK-virus prophylaxis: still no answer. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013. [PMID: 23645168 DOI: 10.1013/bmt.2013.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lee JJ, Kim JS, Yoon SJ, Cho YS, Choi JW. Electrical and optical properties of indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin films by continuous composition spread. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 13:3317-3320. [PMID: 23858851 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Indium zinc oxide (IZO) films were deposited on glass substrate at room temperature using off-axis RF sputtering-continuous composition spread (CCS) system. The full range composition of IZO films were controlled by the deposition rate and thickness profiles of In2O3 and ZnO target. The structural, electrical and optical properties of IZO thin films were measured as functions of position. IZO thin film had the lowest resistivity and highest carrier concentration at the position of 15 mm (5.02 x 10(-4) omega cm, 3.9 x 10(20)/cm3). And IZO thin film had high transmittance in visible region at measured all positions. This study has investigated to explore the new composition of IZO films using CCS system.
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Lee JJ, Liu PZY, McKenzie DR, Suchowerska N. A method to remove residual signals in fibre optic luminescence dosimeters. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:1581-90. [PMID: 23417084 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/5/1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Whenever a fibre optic is used to convey a light signal through a radiation field, it is likely that an unwanted background signal will arise from Cerenkov or fluorescent light which will contaminate the signal. In luminescence dosimetry of high energy beams, when a fibre optic is used to convey the signal from the radiation field to the detector, Cerenkov light is the dominant contributor to the background signal and must be corrected for. In this work, a novel method is demonstrated to separate the signal from the unwanted background. A remotely operated shutter is used to block the signal, allowing the residual background in the fibre optic to be quantified. This background is subtracted from the total measurement acquired in a subsequent irradiation, enabling the luminescence signal to be extracted. Two types of shutter mechanism are considered: an electro-mechanical device to intercept the light path and an LCD device to block the light by cross-polarization. Both shutters were characterized and incorporated into a fibre optic dosimetry system used to measure the radiation dose produced by external beam radiation linear accelerators. The dosimeter using each of the shutters in turn was exposed to a 6 MV photon beam to determine their performance, including the measurement of field size dependent output factors. The mechanical shutter determined the output factors to within 0.29% of those measured with an ionization chamber, whereas the LCD shutter gave results that deviated by up to 2.4%. The switching precision of both shutters was good with standard deviations of less than 0.25% and both were able to completely block the light signal when closed. The use of shutters could therefore be applied to any fibre optic based system to quantify and remove a reproducible background arising from any source including ambient, fluorescent and Cerenkov light.
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Schmitz L, Motani R, Oufiero CE, Martin CH, McGee MD, Gamarra AR, Lee JJ, Wainwright PC. Allometry indicates giant eyes of giant squid are not exceptional. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:45. [PMID: 23418818 PMCID: PMC3661360 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The eyes of giant and colossal squid are among the largest eyes in the history of life. It was recently proposed that sperm whale predation is the main driver of eye size evolution in giant squid, on the basis of an optical model that suggested optimal performance in detecting large luminous visual targets such as whales in the deep sea. However, it is poorly understood how the eye size of giant and colossal squid compares to that of other aquatic organisms when scaling effects are considered. Results We performed a large-scale comparative study that included 87 squid species and 237 species of acanthomorph fish. While squid have larger eyes than most acanthomorphs, a comparison of relative eye size among squid suggests that giant and colossal squid do not have unusually large eyes. After revising constants used in a previous model we found that large eyes perform equally well in detecting point targets and large luminous targets in the deep sea. Conclusions The eyes of giant and colossal squid do not appear exceptionally large when allometric effects are considered. It is probable that the giant eyes of giant squid result from a phylogenetically conserved developmental pattern manifested in very large animals. Whatever the cause of large eyes, they appear to have several advantages for vision in the reduced light of the deep mesopelagic zone.
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Gwak MS, Kim WH, Choi SJ, Lee JJ, Ko JS, Kim GS, Kim YI, Kim MH. Arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia with brachial plexus block: postoperative respiratory dysfunction of combined obstructive and restrictive pathology. Anaesthesist 2013; 62:113-20. [PMID: 23400711 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-012-2125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes in respiratory parameters and pulmonary function tests were evaluated after shoulder arthroscopic surgery with brachial plexus block (BPB). The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanism of respiratory dysfunction after this type of surgery. METHODS Patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair under general anesthesia (GA) with BPB were enrolled in the arthroscopy group (n = 30) while those undergoing open reduction of a clavicle or humerus fracture under GA were enrolled in the control group (n = 30). Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume 1 s (FEV(1)) were measured at the outpatient clinic stage (#1) before (#2) and 20 min after BPB (#3) and 1 h after extubation (#4). Respiratory variable measurements along with the cuff leak test were performed 5 min after surgical positioning (T1) and at the start of skin closure (T2). Respiratory discomfort was evaluated after extubation. The upper airway diameters and soft tissue depth of chest wall were also measured by ultrasonography at stages #3 and #4. RESULTS Static compliance decreased significantly at T2 in the arthroscopy group (50 ± 11 at T1 vs. 44 ± 9 ml/cm H(2)O at T2, p =0.035) but not in the control group. The incidence of positive cuff leak tests at T2 was significantly higher in the arthroscopy group than in the control group (47% in the arthroscopy group vs. 17% in controls, p =0.010). While FEV(1) and FVC remained stable at stages #1 and #2, FVC and FEV(1) decreased at stages #3 and #4 only in the arthroscopy group (FVC in arthroscopy group, #2: 3.26 ± 0.77 l; #3: 2.55 ± 0.63 l, p =0.015 vs. #2; #4: 2.66 ± 0.41 l, p =0.040 vs. #2). The subglottic diameter decreased at #4 in the arthroscopy group, while no changes occurred in the control group (0.70 ± 0.21 cm vs. 0.85 ± 0.23 cm in the arthroscopy and control groups, respectively, p =0.011). Depth of skin to pleura increased at both intercostal spaces 1-2 and 3-4 in the arthroscopy group. There were three cases of hypoxia (S(p)O(2) < 95%) with room air in the arthroscopy group while none occurred in the controls. CONCLUSION Shoulder arthroscopic surgery under GA with BPB induced both restrictive and obstructive pathologies. It is important to maintain a high level of awareness for the potential negative respiratory effects of this surgery especially for subjects with pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease. The measurements in this study would be useful to monitor the risk of respiratory dysfunction in these patients.
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Park JM, Koo JS, Kim BK, Kwon O, Lee JJ, Kang K, Lee JS, Lee J, Bae HJ. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia as a risk factor for cerebral microbleeds. Eur J Neurol 2013; 20:824-30. [PMID: 23294009 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are related with the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. We aimed to examine the relationship between the VBD and CMB in ischaemic stroke patients. METHODS A consecutive series of 182 patients hospitalized because of ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), and who underwent gradient echo brain magnetic resonance imaging were retrospectively recruited from a prospective stroke registry. CMB locations were categorized into anterior and posterior circulation. Ectasia was defined as basilar artery (BA) diameter > 4.5 mm, and dolichosis, as either BA bifurcation above the suprasellar cistern or lateral to the margin of the clivus or dorsum sellae. Whether VBD is associated with CMB anywhere in the brain or in anterior or posterior circulation territories was analysed using binary and multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS Twenty-four subjects (13.2%) had VBD and 48 (26.4%) had CMBs. CMBs were more frequently observed in patients with VBD than without (66.7% vs. 20.3%, P < 0.001). VBD was significantly associated with CMBs in any location (crude odds ratio, 7.88; 95% confidence interval, 3.10-20.02), in the posterior circulation territory only (9.63; 2.60-34.94), and in both territories (9.25; 3.40-26.29), but not in the anterior circulation only (1.14; 0.009-11.20). These associations remained unchanged after adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, leukoaraiosis and stroke subtype. CONCLUSIONS VBD in patients with ischaemic stroke or TIA is independently associated with CMBs, especially in the posterior circulation territory.
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Hwang SO, Park HY, Jung JH, Kim WW, Lee YH, Lee JJ, Choi HH, Hwangbo SM. Abstract P1-01-24: Which combinations are helpful to predict axillary lymph node metastasis in T1 breast cancer with ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced MRI and contrast-enhanced 18F-FDG PET-CT? Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p1-01-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Backgrounds: Axillary lymph node(ALN) status has been important factor of treatment and prognosis for patients with breast cancer. Even though the better ultrasonographic instruments have been developed, it is still difficult to predict axillary lymh node metastasis (ALNM) with only ultrasonography(US) in T1 breast cancers which most of newly diagnosed breast cancers are recently since T1 breast cancers have low rate and less tumor burden of ALNM. This study evaluated the accuracy of prediction of ALNM in T1 breast cancer with US, contrast-enhanced MRI (cMRI) and contrast-enhanced 18F-FDG PET/CT (cPET/CT) and found out adequate combinations of these modalities.
Method: Retrospectively, we reviewed 351 breast cancer patients with tumors(T1) ≤2cm in size between January 2008 and December 2011 who were preoperatively examined with US, cMRI, and cPET/CT and underwent pathologic evaluation of axillary lymph nodes acquired by sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary dissection.
Results: 94(26.8%) patients of 351 had ALNM. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of ALNM with US were 0.457, 0.887, 0.597, 0.817, 0.772, respectively. cMRI had similar results with US. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of ALNM with cPET/CT were 0.447, 0.942, 0.737, 0.823, 0.809, respectively. The sensitivity if any one or more modalities were suspicious was 0.563. The specificity if all modalities were suspicious was 0.992. The PPV if cMRI and cPET/CT were suspicious was highest than if other combinations were suspicious.
Conclusion: US, cMRI, and cPET/CT are helpful in prediction of ALNM of T1 breast cancers. However, there are no definite modality and combination of modalites to predict ALNM of T1 breast cancers.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-24.
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Opachich YP, Kalantar DH, MacPhee AG, Holder JP, Kimbrough JR, Bell PM, Bradley DK, Hatch B, Brienza-Larsen G, Brown C, Brown CG, Browning D, Charest M, Dewald EL, Griffin M, Guidry B, Haugh MJ, Hicks DG, Homoelle D, Lee JJ, Mackinnon AJ, Mead A, Palmer N, Perfect BH, Ross JS, Silbernagel C, Landen O. High performance imaging streak camera for the National Ignition Facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:125105. [PMID: 23278024 DOI: 10.1063/1.4769753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An x-ray streak camera platform has been characterized and implemented for use at the National Ignition Facility. The camera has been modified to meet the experiment requirements of the National Ignition Campaign and to perform reliably in conditions that produce high electromagnetic interference. A train of temporal ultra-violet timing markers has been added to the diagnostic in order to calibrate the temporal axis of the instrument and the detector efficiency of the streak camera was improved by using a CsI photocathode. The performance of the streak camera has been characterized and is summarized in this paper. The detector efficiency and cathode measurements are also presented.
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Alam I, Sharmin SA, Kim KH, Kim YG, Lee JJ, Lee BH. An improved plant leaf protein extraction method for high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and comparative proteomics. Biotech Histochem 2012; 88:61-75. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.729863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Lee JJ, Powers WJ, Faulkner CB, Boyle PJ, Derdeyn CP. The Kety-Schmidt technique for quantitative perfusion and oxygen metabolism measurements in the MR imaging environment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 34:E100-2. [PMID: 22997166 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY The Kety-Schmidt technique provides quantitative measurement of whole-brain CBF. CBF is measured as the area between the arterial and venous washout curves of a diffusible tracer. Oxygen extraction and metabolism may be calculated from arterial and venous samples. In this report, we present a method for performing these measurements in an MR imaging environment. This technique could be useful for validation of MR imaging methods of hemodynamic and metabolic measurements in humans.
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Chang CW, Chang CW, Wang HY, Chen MJ, Lin SC, Chang WH, Lee JJ. Intermittent small-bowel obstruction due to a mobile bezoar diagnosed with single-balloon enteroscopy. Endoscopy 2012; 43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E297. [PMID: 21915835 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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William WN, Kim JS, Liu DD, Solis L, Behrens C, Lee JJ, Lippman SM, Kim ES, Hong WK, Wistuba II, Lee HY. The impact of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase expression on lung cancer survival. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:78-85. [PMID: 21430184 PMCID: PMC3276321 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic role of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) in surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of pAMPK was carried out on tissue microarrays containing 463 samples obtained from patients with NSCLC and correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and survival. RESULTS pAMPK expression levels were significantly higher in never smokers versus former smokers versus current smokers (P=0.045). A positive pAMPK expression was associated with increased overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P=0.0009 and P=0.0007, respectively). OS and RFS were statistically superior in pAMPK-positive than in pAMPK-negative patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC; median OS: 5.6 and 4.2 years, respectively, P=0.0001; median RFS: 5.0 and 2.4 years, respectively, P=0.001), whereas they were similar in those patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Multivariate analysis confirmed that pAMPK positivity was associated with OS [hazard ratio (HR)=0.574, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.418-0.789, P=0.0006) and RFS (HR=0.608, 95% CI 0.459-0.807, and P=0.0006), independent of clinical covariates. CONCLUSIONS High pAMPK expression levels are associated with increased survival in patients with NSCLC, especially those with ADC. Our results support further evaluation of AMP-activated protein kinase as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Kim WW, Lee JJ, Nam KH, Jung JH, Chae YS, Yang JD, Lee YH, Park HY. P2-16-15: Oncological Safety and Survival Rate According to Reconstructive Surgery in Advanced Breast Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p2-16-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Oncoplastic surgery has received attention according as the incidence of breast cancer is rising and quality of life including cosmetic result after surgery is regarded as important. The aim of this study is to compare combined reconstructive surgery with standard surgery regarding to oncological safety and survival rate in advanced breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CTx).
Method: Thirty-seven patients underwent neoadjuvant CTx and surgery with advanced breast cancer were analyzed from September 2007 to March 2010. Group A (n=12) received combined reconstructive surgery, group B (n=25) had standard surgery.
Results: There were no differences in age, size, metastatic LN, stage, ER/PR/Her-2 status, recurrence, metastasis and death between group A and B. Patients with good response in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (26 cases (72.9%)) had CTx-operation-radiation therapy (RTx), cases with poor response (10 cases (27.1%)) underwent CTx-RTx-operation. There was significant difference in order of treatment, eight patients among group A(66.6%) had CTx-RTx-operation, 22 cases in group B(88.0%) received CTx-operation-RTx (p=0.006). Mean follow up period was 22 months, 2 patients (5.2%) experienced local recurrences, 11 cases (34.3%) diagnosed with distant metastasis, and 4 patients (10.5%) expired with breast cancer.
Conclusion: Advanced breast cancer with poorly responded in neoadjuvant CTx could be actively treated with sequential CTx-RTx-reconstructive surgery. Combined reconstructive surgery was oncologically safe operation in advanced breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-16-15.
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Kliman HJ, Sammar M, Grimpel YI, Lynch SK, Milano KM, Pick E, Bejar J, Arad A, Lee JJ, Meiri H, Gonen R. Placental protein 13 and decidual zones of necrosis: an immunologic diversion that may be linked to preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2011; 19:16-30. [PMID: 21989657 DOI: 10.1177/1933719111424445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the role of placental protein 13 (PP13; galectin 13) in the process of trophoblast invasion and decidual necrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis for PP13, immune cells, human placental lactogen, cytokeratin, and apoptosis markers was performed on 20 elective pregnancy termination specimens between 6 and 15 weeks of gestation. Placental protein 13 was localized to syncytiotrophoblasts in the chorionic villi and to occasional multinucleated luminal trophoblasts within converted decidual spiral arterioles. Cytotrophoblasts, anchoring trophoblasts, and invasive trophoblasts did not stain for PP13. Extracellular PP13 aggregates were found around decidual veins associated with T-cell-, neutrophil- and macrophage-containing decidual zones of necrosis (ZONEs). We hypothesize that PP13 is secreted into the intervillus space, drains through the decidua basalis veins, and forms perivenous PP13 aggregates which attract and activate maternal immune cells. Thus, syncytiotrophoblast-derived PP13 may create a ZONE that facilitates trophoblast invasion and conversion of the maternal spiral arterioles.
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Weng M, Baron DM, Bloch KD, Luster AD, Lee JJ, Medoff BD. Eosinophils are necessary for pulmonary arterial remodeling in a mouse model of eosinophilic inflammation-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L927-36. [PMID: 21908591 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00049.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of some forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH). We recently demonstrated that deficiency of adiponectin (APN) in a mouse model of PH induced by eosinophilic inflammation increases pulmonary arterial remodeling, pulmonary pressures, and the accumulation of eosinophils in the lung. Based on these data, we hypothesized that APN deficiency exacerbates PH indirectly by increasing eosinophil recruitment. Herein, we examined the role of eosinophils in the development of inflammation-induced PH. Elimination of eosinophils in APN-deficient mice by treatment with anti-interleukin-5 antibody attenuated pulmonary arterial muscularization and PH. In addition, we observed that transgenic mice that are devoid of eosinophils also do not develop pulmonary arterial muscularization in eosinophilic inflammation-induced PH. To investigate the mechanism by which APN deficiency increased eosinophil accumulation in response to an allergic inflammatory stimulus, we measured expression levels of the eosinophil-specific chemokines in alveolar macrophages isolated from the lungs of mice with eosinophilic inflammation-induced PH. In these experiments, the levels of CCL11 and CCL24 were higher in macrophages isolated from APN-deficient mice than in macrophages from wild-type mice. Finally, we demonstrate that the extracts of eosinophil granules promoted the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro. These data suggest that APN deficiency may exacerbate PH, in part, by increasing eosinophil recruitment into the lung and that eosinophils could play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation-induced PH. These results may have implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of PH caused by vascular inflammation.
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Shin SJ, Lee JJ, Kang HJ, Choi JB, Yang SRE, Takahashi Y, Hasko DG. Room-temperature charge stability modulated by quantum effects in a nanoscale silicon island. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:1591-1597. [PMID: 21446734 DOI: 10.1021/nl1044692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on transport measurement performed on a room-temperature-operating ultrasmall Coulomb blockade devices with a silicon island of sub5 nm. The charge stability at 300K exhibits a substantial change in slopes and diagonal size of each successive Coulomb diamond, but remarkably its main feature persists even at low temperature down to 5.3K except for additional Coulomb peak splitting. This key feature of charge stability with additional fine structures of Coulomb peaks are successfully modeled by including the interplay between Coulomb interaction, valley splitting, and strong quantum confinement, which leads to several low-energy many-body excited states for each dot occupancy. These excited states become enhanced in the sub5 nm ultrasmall scale and persist even at 300K in the form of cluster, leading to the substantial modulation of charge stability.
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Lim KJ, Kim KW, Jeong WK, Kim SY, Jang YJ, Yang S, Lee JJ. Colour Doppler sonography of hepatic haemangiomas with arterioportal shunts. Br J Radiol 2011; 85:142-6. [PMID: 21385916 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/96605786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of intratumoural flow and peritumoural hepatofugal portal flow using colour Doppler sonography (CDS) on hepatic haemangiomas with arterioportal shunt (APS), and to investigate possible factors that may affect the capability of CDS to depict such findings. METHODS The study included 45 patients (35 men, 10 women; mean age, 56 years) with hepatic haemangiomas with APS on CT or MRI. Locating the tumour on greyscale sonography, the depth, size and echogenicity of the tumour were evaluated. CT or MR images were evaluated for fatty liver. CDS was performed to determine the presence of intratumoural flow and peritumoural hepatofugal portal flow. Differences in frequency of intratumoural flow and peritumoural hepatofugal portal flow according to the depth, size, echogenicity and fatty liver were evaluated by Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS On CDS, intratumoural flow and peritumoural hepatofugal portal flow were found in 66.7% and 60%, respectively. The tumour depth was the significant variable that affected the capability of CDS to depict such findings. The frequencies of intratumoural flow and peritumoural hepatofugal portal flow were as high as 88% and 80% for shallow (≤30 mm) lesions, and they were 40% and 35% for deep (>30 mm) lesions (p=0.0012; p=0.0051). CONCLUSION CDS can commonly depict intratumoural flow and peritumoural hepatofugal portal flow in patients with hepatic haemangiomas with APS. Therefore, CDS should be routinely performed when an incidental mass is encountered during the screening sonography, especially when the lesion is shallow.
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Choi M, Han C, Kim IT, An JC, Lee JJ, Lee HK, Shim J. Electrochemical characterization of Pt-Ru-Pd catalysts for methanol oxidation reaction in direct methanol fuel cells. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 11:838-841. [PMID: 21446557 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PtRuPd nanoparticles on carbon black were prepared and characterized as electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation reaction in direct methanol fuel cells. Nano-sized Pd (2-4 nm) particles were deposited on Pt/C and PtRu/C (commercial products) by a simple chemical reduction process. The structural and physical information of the PtRuPd/C were confirmed by TEM and XRD, and their electrocatalytic activities were measured by cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. The catalysts containing Pd showed higher electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation reaction than the other catalysts. This might be attributed to an increase in the electrochemical surface area of Pt, which is caused by the addition of Pd; this results in increased catalyst utilization.
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Choi M, Han C, Kim IT, An JC, Lee JJ, Lee HK, Shim J. Electrochemical characterization of nano-sized Pd-based catalysts as cathode materials in direct methanol fuel cells. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 11:738-741. [PMID: 21446535 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To improve the catalytic activity of palladium (Pd) as a cathode catalyst in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), we prepared palladium-titanium oxide (Pd-TiO2) catalysts which the Pd and TiO2 nanoparticles were simultaneously impregnated on carbon. We selected Pd and TiO2 as catalytic materials because of their electrochemical stability in acid solution. The crystal structure and the loading amount of Pd and TiO2 on carbon were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The electrochemical characterization of Pd-TiO2/C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction was carried out in half and single cell systems. The catalytic activities of the Pd-TiO2 catalysts were strongly influenced by the TiO2 content. In the single cell test, the Pd-TiO2 catalysts showed very comparable performance to the Pt catalyst.
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Jang HS, Kim JH, Kim KS, Jung GY, Lee JJ, Kim GH. Improvement of transmittance by fabricating broadband subwavelength anti-reflection structures for polycarbonate. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 11:291-295. [PMID: 21446442 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on how to increase transmittance of a 0.2 mm thick polycarbonate (PC) film by periodic subwavelength anti-reflection structures in the visible spectral range. Subwavelength anti-reflection structures like moth-eyes are fabricated into the polycarbonate substrate itself by thermal nano-imprinting lithography (TH-NIL), which uses silicon stamps that have periodic structures such as gratings (lines and spaces) and pillared dots, and are fabricated by laser interference lithography (LIL) and transformer coupled plasma etching. To increase transmittance of a polycarbonate film, we control the periods and shapes of patterns, the number of patterned surfaces, and the overlapping direction of patterns that are fabricated into its surfaces. As a result of this, we show that average transmittance improves as the pattern period gets shorter and as both surfaces of the film are patterned. We also show that the spectrum range gets larger as the pattern period gets shorter and is determined by the longer pattern period in the case of designing a film to have different pattern period on its surfaces. The maximum average transmittance of a polycarbonate film increases up to approximately 6% compared to a bare sample in the 470-800 nm spectral range.
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Lee JJ, Kim MS, Kim YS, Joo DJ, Ju MK, Kim HJ, Lee JE, Kim SI, Huh KH. The effect of later change or modulation of immunosuppression on long-term renal transplant results. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:4037-9. [PMID: 21168620 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Proper maintenance of immunosuppression is required to achieve long-term graft survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of change or modulation of an immunosuppressive regimen (IR) on graft survival during the posttransplant period in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. A total of 1164 patients who underwent kidney transplantation between January 1997 and December 2008 at Yonsei University Health System were enrolled. All patients initially received calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based double or triple IR (DIR and TIR, respectively). The causes of IR changes or modulation were reviewed retrospectively. Graft survival rate was compared according to types of maintenance immunosuppression (DIR versus TIR). Initially, DIR and TIR were adopted in 201 (17.3%) and 963 (82.7%) recipients, respectively. In 77 DIR recipients (38.8%) and 271 TIR recipients (28.1%), IRs were changed. Among recipients of an initial DIR, the most frequent reasons for IR change were acute rejection (50%) within 6 months of transplantation and chronic allograft dysfunction (70%) after 6 months. In TIR recipients, the reasons for IR change included drug toxicity or drug-related side effects (34.3%) within 6 months of transplantation and complications related to overimmunosuppression (39.3%) after 6 months. The group in which the IR was changed from the initial DIR to the later TIR had a statistically superior graft survival rate compared to the group that did not have a change in the initial DIR (P = .032). In contrast, TIR recipients without change had better graft survival rate than recipients with initial TIR change to later DIR (P < .001). Change or modulation of immunosuppression from initial DIR to later TIR could affect long-term graft survival.
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Kim TH, Lee JJ, Chung SH, Lee HH, Lee KH, Choi KY, Lee SH. Efficacy of assessment in fetal behaviour by four dimensional ultrasonography. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2010; 30:439-43. [PMID: 20604642 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2010.486084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the behaviour and facial expressions of the fetus after birth by 4-dimensional (4-D) ultrasonography, and the association of the biophysical profile (BPP) with the Doppler scale. A total of 40 singleton pregnancies were included. All 4-D ultrasonographies were performed using the Accuvix XQ (Medison Co. Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea). The BPP and Doppler were performed on gravidas using 2-D ultrasonography. We recorded the newborn while awake no later than 48 h after delivery. The most frequent movement in fetuses and newborn was yawning and isolated arm movements, respectively. Sucking, swallowing (r = 0.78) and isolated limb movements (r = 0.72) in fetuses as observed by 4-D ultrasonography had a relationship with isolated limb movements in the newborn. Because of the limitation of ultrasonography, an overall comparison could not be made. There was a high correlation between sucking, swallowing, and isolated limb movements in fetuses and newborn.
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Subbarayan P, Qin H, Pillai S, Lee JJ, Pfendt AP, Willing G, Miller ME, Dennis VA, Singh SR. Expression and characterization of a multivalent human respiratory syncytial virus protein. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2010; 44:477-487. [PMID: 20608172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been recognized as one of the most common causes of severe respiratory tract infection in infants worldwide. As yet, a safe and effective vaccine has not been developed to protect humans from RSV. The F and G surface proteins have been widely investigated due to their potential to induce protective immunity. In addition, the M2 protein has been shown to be important in inducing a T-cell response. Our project involved the cloning of the immunodominant regions of the RSV F, M2 and G proteins into a bacterial vector, pET-32a (+). The recombinant RFM2G protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using His Bind columns. The purified rRFM2G protein was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. The predicted structure of the recombinant protein built by the Swiss PDB Viewer program suggested a rod shape with a distinct swollen head and neck which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. BALB/c female mice were immunized with either RSV, rRFM2G alone, or rRFM2G in combination with flagellin as a mucosal adjuvant. Serum was collected on days 0, 14, 28 and 49 to assess the immune response by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intranasal immunization of mice with the rRFM2G protein yielded significantly high serum IgG titers. Co-administration of the rRFM2G protein with flagellin did not augment the serum antibody response.
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