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Hong YS, Song SY, Lee SI, Chung HC, Choi SH, Noh SH, Park JN, Han JY, Kang JH, Lee KS, Cho JY. A phase II trial of capecitabine in previously untreated patients with advanced and/or metastatic gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2005; 15:1344-7. [PMID: 15319239 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdh343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capecitabine (Xeloda) is a novel, oral, selectively tumor-activated fluoropyrimidine with proven activity in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. This trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety and feasibility of capecitabine in previously untreated patients with advanced and/or metastatic gastric cancer, with a view to replacing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in such patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-four patients received capecitabine 1250 mg/m2 twice daily (2500 mg/m2/day) for 14 days followed by 7 days of rest, for up to six cycles. RESULTS Capecitabine produced an objective response rate of 34% (all partial responses) and stable disease in 14 patients (30%). The median time to disease progression (TTP) was 3.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7-6.4 months] and median overall survival was 9.5 months (95% CI 6.9-13.2 months). Hand-foot syndrome (HFS), nausea, anorexia, diarrhea and vomiting were the most common adverse events. While HFS was the most frequent grade 3/4 toxicity (National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria), only 9% of patients experienced grade 3 HFS. Severe myelosuppression was not reported during the study. CONCLUSIONS Capecitabine monotherapy is active and well tolerated as first-line therapy in patients with advanced/metastatic gastric cancer. Larger comparative trials investigating capecitabine-based combination regimens in patients with advanced gastric cancer are warranted.
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Cho JY, Kim KW, Lee YH, Toi A. Measurement of nuchal skin fold thickness in the second trimester: influence of imaging angle and fetal presentation. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2005; 25:253-257. [PMID: 15736211 DOI: 10.1002/uog.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of imaging angle and fetal presentation on the measurement of nuchal skin fold thickness (NFT) in the second trimester. METHODS Fetal NFT was prospectively measured in 921 women at 18-21 weeks' gestation. The population was divided into two groups according to fetal presentation. Group A comprised 643 fetuses in cephalic or transverse presentation and Group B comprised 278 fetuses in breech presentation. To determine whether there was a difference in NFT depending on imaging angle, in Group A the NFT was measured on the standard axial horizontal images and then on images obtained after moving the transducer about 30 degrees toward the occiput. In Group B an assessment was made as to whether NFT changed with fetal presentation. Initial measurements were made with the fetuses in breech presentation. Repeat NFT measurements were made after 15 min in 64 fetuses that had converted to cephalic or transverse presentation. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. RESULTS The mean NFT on the standard horizontal image was 5.2 mm, while that on the 30 degrees occiput image was 4.0 mm. The difference was significant (P < 0.001). One hundred and twenty-three (19.1%) fetuses had a NFT greater than 6 mm on the standard image, but only two (0.3%) had an NFT of > 6 mm on the 30 degrees occiput image. There were no chromosomal or structural abnormalities in the 123 fetuses in which the NFT was > 6 mm. The mean NFT of 64 fetuses in the breech presentation was 4.4 mm, while it was 3.9 mm when they had converted to other presentations. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). In breech presentation, 13/64 (20.3%) fetuses had a NFT greater than 6 mm compared to only one (1.6%) fetus in the other presentations. There were no structural or chromosomal abnormalities in any fetus with a NFT > 6 mm in either group. CONCLUSIONS In this study the NFT measurement varied with scan direction and fetal presentation. To avoid falsely thickened NFT measurements the scan should be directed to image the posterior surface of the occipital bone. This can be achieved by scanning from a 30 degrees occipital direction. Also, NFT is greater in fetuses in a breech presentation. Attention to these details can reduce false-positive NFT measurements.
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Koenig JI, Cho JY. Provocation of kainic acid receptor mRNA changes in the rat paraventricular nucleus by insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. J Neuroendocrinol 2005; 17:111-8. [PMID: 15796762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycaemia induced by insulin injection is a powerful stimulus to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and drives the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin from the neurones in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), as well as the downstream hormones, adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone. In some brain regions, hypoglycaemia also provokes increases in extracellular fluid concentrations of glutamate. Regulation of glutamatergic mechanisms could be involved in the control of the HPA axis during hypoglycaemic stress and one potential site of regulation might be at the receptors for glutamate, which are expressed in the PVN. Insulin (2.0 IU/kg, i.p.) or saline was administered to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats and the animals were sacrificed 30 min, 180 min and 24 h after injection. The amount of several kainic acid-preferring glutamate receptor mRNAs (i.e. KA2, GluR5 and GluR6) were assessed in the PVN by in situ hybridisation histochemistry. Injection of insulin induced a rapid fall in plasma glucose concentrations, which was mirrored by an increase in plasma corticosterone concentrations. KA2 and GluR5 mRNAs are highly expressed within the rat PVN, and responded to hypoglycaemia with robust increases in expression that endured beyond the period of hypoglycaemia itself. However, GluR6 mRNA is expressed in the areas adjacent to the PVN and hypoglycaemic stress failed to alter expression of this mRNA. These experiments suggest that kainic acid-preferring glutamate receptors are responsive to changes in plasma glucose concentrations and may participate in the activation of the PVN neurones during hypoglycaemic stress.
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Cho JY, Park JH, Kim JH, Lee YH. Congenital curly toe of the fetus. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2004; 24:417-420. [PMID: 15343596 DOI: 10.1002/uog.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence, prenatal detection rate, and associated anomalies of congenital curly toe in an unselected obstetric population. METHODS Between September 2001 and July 2002, 1167 singleton fetuses in the second and third trimesters underwent routine prenatal ultrasound at our hospital. Congenital curly toe was diagnosed when the fourth or fifth toe was not fully delineated on the axial image with medial and plantar flexion on the coronal image. All neonates underwent a physical examination within 3 days after delivery. Radiography was performed on those infants with curly toe. We assessed the prevalence, prenatal detection rate, and associated anomalies of the condition. RESULTS There were 38 congenital curly toes among the 1167 neonates, yielding a total prevalence of 32.6 per 1000. In 26 of the 38 the fourth toe was curly and in 12 the fifth toe was curly. Of those in which the fourth toe was curly, 26.9% involved the right toe, 65.4% the left, and 7.7% involved both toes. For a curly fifth toe, these values were 25.0%, 16.7% and 58.3%, respectively. There was no associated structural anomaly, chromosomal abnormality, or syndrome in any case. Sixteen of the 38 curly toes were detected on prenatal ultrasound, including 13 of 26 with the fourth toe being curly and three of 12 with the fifth being curly. CONCLUSIONS Congenital curly toe is not an uncommon condition, and can be detected on the prenatal ultrasound. Although it usually appears as an isolated finding without clinical significance, thorough ultrasound examination of the fetus should be recommended.
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Shim CS, Jung IS, Bhandari S, Ryu CB, Hong SJ, Kim JO, Cho JY, Lee JS, Lee MS, Kim BS. Management of malignant strictures of the cervical esophagus with a newly-designed self-expanding metal stent. Endoscopy 2004; 36:554-7. [PMID: 15202054 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-814555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the use of self-expanding metal stents has become a well-established method of palliative treatment for stenotic malignant diseases in the middle and distal esophagus. However, published results on the use of self-expanding metal stents in cervical esophageal cancer are somewhat limited by a paucity of clinical details and experience. A new self-expanding esophageal metal stent with a short upper flange 0.7 cm in length was studied prospectively in order to assess its efficacy for palliative treatment. This report presents experience in three patients in whom this new stent was used in the treatment of cervical esophageal cancers. Stent placement was successful in all three patients, with no serious complications such as esophageal perforation, hemorrhage, or foreign-body sensation. All of the patients experienced rapid improvement in dysphagia and clinical symptoms. The newly designed self-expanding stent can be of value in the treatment of stenotic cervical esophageal cancer.
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Shim CS, Cho JY, Jung IS, Ryu CB, Hong SJ, Kim JO, Lee JS, Lee MS, Kim BS. Through-the-scope double colonic stenting in the management of inoperable proximal malignant colonic obstruction: a pilot study. Endoscopy 2004; 36:426-31. [PMID: 15100952 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-814332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Particularly in cases of proximal colonic obstruction, the long distance and tortuosity of the bowel make it difficult for gastroenterologists and radiologists to advance the stent to the point of the obstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness and efficacy in preventing stent migration and tumor ingrowth of a new self-expanding through-the-scope (TTS) double colonic stent in the palliative management of patients with inoperable proximal malignant colonic obstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of seven patients (four men, three women; mean age 62 years, range 57 - 68) underwent placement of a newly developed through-the-scope self-expanding double colonic stent. The etiologies of the obstructions at the time of stent insertion were colonic adenocarcinoma (no previous surgical resection) in five cases and metastatic adenocarcinoma from gastric carcinoma in two. The locations of the obstructions were the ascending colon in three cases, the hepatic flexure in two, and the transverse colon in two. To prevent tumor ingrowth and stent migration, an uncovered Niti-S stent (Taewoong Medical Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea) was inserted into the stenotic area; a partly membrane-covered Niti-S stent was then again inserted into the stenotic area inside the uncovered Niti-S stent. RESULTS The self-expanding TTS double colonic stents were placed in the colon in seven patients with acute malignant colonic obstruction. Double stenting was successful in traversing the lesion in six of the seven cases. In one patient, the stent was not successfully placed across the lesion due to a very acute angle at the hepatic flexure. There were no significant complications relating to the insertion, with no clinical or radiographic evidence of perforation or bleeding during or after the procedures, and there were no cases of stent migration or tumor ingrowth during the mean follow-up period of 13 months. CONCLUSIONS Placement of these new self-expanding through-the-scope double colonic stents for the management of inoperable proximal malignant colonic obstruction is a feasible, effective, and safe form of palliative treatment for the prevention of stent migration and tumor ingrowth.
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Jung IS, Jang JY, Ryu CB, Hong SJ, Kim JO, Cho JY, Lee JS, Lee MS, Jin SY, Shim CS, Kim BS. Angiolipoma of the duodenum diagnosed after endoscopic resection. Endoscopy 2004; 36:375. [PMID: 15057700 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-814213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Sakashita M, Inoue H, Kashida H, Tanaka J, Cho JY, Satodate H, Hidaka E, Yoshida T, Fukami N, Tamegai Y, Shiokawa A, Kudo S. Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Endoscopy 2003; 35:1033-8. [PMID: 14648417 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-44595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Histological examination of gastrointestinal lesions is currently based on light-microscopic examination of thin-slice specimens, with hematoxylin and eosin staining. A study of the use of laser-scanning confocal microscopy (LCM) to obtain immediate microscopic images of untreated specimens for examining colorectal lesions was carried out. A probe-type LCM prototype endomicroscope that can be passed through the working channel of an endoscope has also been developed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study materials consisted of colorectal lesions resected either endoscopically or surgically at Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital. One hundred untreated specimens were examined using LCM. The histopathological findings in the lesions were seven cases of normal colonic mucosa, five hyperplastic polyps, 68 adenomas with low-grade dysplasia, 10 adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, and 10 adenocarcinomas. An argon laser beam with a wavelength of 488 nm was used for the LCM study. Observation of the resected normal colonic mucosa (in vitro) and the rectal mucosa of a healthy volunteer (in vivo) was possible using the endomicroscope. The LCM images for each specimen were compared with the hematoxylin-eosin-stained histopathological cross-sections. RESULTS The LCM images corresponded well with the conventional hematoxylin-eosin light-microscopic images. The nuclei were not visualized in normal mucosa or hyperplastic polyps. In adenomas with high-grade dysplasia and carcinomas, nuclei were more often visible than in adenomas with low-grade dysplasia. The rate of visualization of nuclei was significantly different ( P < 0.01) between these two groups (60.0 % vs. 10.3 %). In LCM images using endomicroscope, it was possible to recognize the orifices of the colonic glands and goblet cells both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Laser-scanning confocal microscopy provides immediate images that correspond well with those of hematoxylin-eosin staining. An improved probe-type LCM endomicroscope is being developed which should provide better histological images of colorectal lesions in vivo.
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Inoue H, Cho JY, Satodate H, Sakashita M, Hidaka E, Fukami S, Kazawa T, Yoshida T, Shiokawa A, Kudo S. Development of virtual histology and virtual biopsy using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Scand J Gastroenterol 2003:37-9. [PMID: 12797680 DOI: 10.1080/00855910310001485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this project is to acquire a direct image of histology from in vivo gastrointestinal mucosa. In other words, the task of 'endo-microscope' is to observe the cellular architecture of tissue in vivo during routine endoscopic examination. As the first step to completing this study, resected fresh specimens from the oesophagus. stomach and colon were examined by laser-scanning confocal microscopy (LCM) (Fluoview, Olympus, Tokyo). Fresh untreated mucosal specimens obtained by endoscopic pinch biopsy, polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection were collected and placed in normal saline and examined by LCM, collecting the reflective light of a 488-nm wavelength argon laser beam. As the second step, a probe-type LCM 'endo-microscope' was designed and applied to observe the human oral-cavity mucosa. The probe has 4.5-mm outer diameter and 20-cm length, which enables easy access to oral cavity mucosa. The estimated special resolution of the probe is 1-5 microm. A real-time microscopic image directly from ex vivo fresh specimens was acquired. The acquired LCM images corresponded well with the conventional H-E light microscopic images. Cell wall, nucleus and cytoplasm were simultaneously visualized by LCM scanning. This novel method enables serial imaginary microscopic sections on fresh specimens. In addition, a probe-type LCM 'endo-microscope' was designed and was applied to observe human oral cavity mucosa. Virtual histological images from the living oral squamous cell were successfully obtained. LCM images from ex vivo fresh specimens demonstrated the features of the H-E staining histological image. In the next step to accomplish our project, we developed a LCM probe with 4.5-mm outer diameter to obtain a virtual image of human oral cavity mucosa.
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Cho JY, Han KW, Kim JH, Son JK, Yoon KS. Distribution and sources of PAHs in Saemangeum reclaimed tidal lands of central Korea. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2003; 71:182-188. [PMID: 12945860 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Ryu CB, Cho JY, Lee JS, Lee MS, Jin SY, Shim CS. Mucinous gastric adenocarcinoma with morphological change from polypoid to depressed lesion within a short period. Endoscopy 2002; 34:1026. [PMID: 12471555 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-35841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Cho JY, Grant TD, Lunstrum GP, Horton WA. Col2-GFP reporter mouse--a new tool to study skeletal development. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 106:251-3. [PMID: 11891675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic mice were generated that harbor a Col2-GFP reporter that marks chondrocytes and their immediate precursors during skeletal development. Cells engaged in chondrogenesis were identified by conventional fluorescence microscopy and confocal optical sectioning within their native environments in live embryos and in thick tissue slices. The use of these mice offers a novel approach for studying the role of chondrocytes in skeletal development.
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Cho JY, Miller M, Baek KJ, Castaneda D, Nayar J, Roman M, Raz E, Broide DH. Immunostimulatory DNA sequences inhibit respiratory syncytial viral load, airway inflammation, and mucus secretion. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108:697-702. [PMID: 11692091 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.119918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunostimulatory DNA sequences (ISS) activate the innate immune system to generate antiviral cytokines, such as IFN-gamma. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether ISS could reduce viral load, mucus secretion, airway inflammation, and airway hyperreactivity to methacholine in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. METHODS Mice were pretreated with ISS 6 days before RSV infection, and lung indices of RSV viral load (viral titer and PCR), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokines (IFN-gamma), airway inflammation (peribronchial inflammation and periodic acid-Schiff-positive mucus cells), and airway hyperreactivity (methacholine responsiveness) were assessed 4 to 6 days after RSV infection. RESULTS ISS induced the expression of the antiviral cytokine IFN-gamma in the lung, and this was associated with significantly reduced RSV viral titers, mucus secretion, and peribronchial inflammation. ISS reduced, but did not significantly inhibit, RSV-induced airway hyperreactivity to methacholine. CONCLUSION Because ISS induced significant levels of lung IFN-gamma, an immunization strategy based solely on the administration of IFN-gamma may be insufficient to inhibit RSV-induced airway hyperreactivity to methacholine, an endpoint important in the subset of RSV-infected subjects with asthma.
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Lee SY, Cho JY, Shim JJ, Kim HK, Kang KH, Yoo SH, In KH. Airway inflammation as an assessment of chronic nonproductive cough. Chest 2001; 120:1114-20. [PMID: 11591547 DOI: 10.1378/chest.120.4.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The possibility that a bronchial inflammatory process could be involved with a chronic nonproductive cough without other potential causes such as postnasal drip syndrome, bronchial asthma, gastroesophageal reflux, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, or the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors has not been clearly described. We investigated the possibility that a chronic nonproductive cough without other potential causes is associated with airway inflammation, and if this is so, what the relationship might be between this inflammation and the possible etiology of the cough. SUBJECTS Twenty-five adults with chronic nonproductive cough as an isolated symptom over a 3-week period, and 5 healthy control subjects were studied. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Clinical assessments, cough scores, methacholine challenges, allergy skin prick tests, and bronchoscopies for bronchial biopsies were performed. In the bronchial biopsies, the patients were divided into the following two subgroups: 21 patients who were infiltrated with eosinophils vs the healthy control group (median, 12.0 vs. 0.0 cells/mm(2), respectively; p < 0.01); and 4 patients who were infiltrated with lymphocytes vs the healthy control group (median, 84.5 vs. 22.0 cells/mm(2), respectively; p < 0.01). With the methacholine challenge test, 5 of the 21 eosinophil-infiltrated patients received diagnoses of cough-variant asthma, and the other 16 patients received diagnoses of eosinophilic bronchitis. In the lymphocyte-infiltrated group, all four patients received diagnoses of lymphocytic bronchitis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a chronic nonproductive cough as an isolated symptom is associated with airway inflammation due to eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration. The causes of the chronic nonproductive cough were eosinophilic bronchitis, cough-variant asthma, and lymphocytic bronchitis.
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Park JS, Baik KU, Cho JY, Yoo ES, Byun YS, Park MH. Noble 2-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-1-isoindolinone derivatives. part I: synthesis and SAR studies for the inhibition of TNF-alpha production. Arch Pharm Res 2001; 24:367-70. [PMID: 11693533 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of noble 2-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-1-isoindolinone derivatives for the inhibition of TNF-alpha production. Among these compounds, 2-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyll-3-methyl-1-isoindolinone (5) was the most potent in inhibitory activity of TNF-alpha production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
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Lee HJ, Cho JY, Kim SH. Resistive index in rabbits with experimentally induced hydronephrosis: effect of furosemide. Acad Radiol 2001; 8:987-92. [PMID: 11699852 DOI: 10.1016/s1076-6332(03)80643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study in rabbits was to evaluate the effect of furosemide on resistive index (RI) in the diagnosis of partial hydronephrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 14 rabbits the left ureter was ligated by being tied to an angiographic guide wire. Doppler sonography was performed before and 1 and 6 hours, 1 and 3 days, and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after ureteral ligation. At each interval it was performed both before and after intravenous injection of saline and furosemide. RIs were compared (a) between obstructed and contralateral kidneys and (b) before and after furosemide administration, and the statistical significance of any differences was determined. RESULTS Obstructed kidneys had significantly higher RIs than the contralateral kidneys before furosemide administration at five of seven postligation measurements and after furosemide administration at all seven. The differences between obstructed and contralateral kidneys were significantly higher after furosemide administration (P < .05). The increase in RI after furosemide administration was significantly greater in obstructed than in contralateral kidneys (P < .05). CONCLUSION The results in a rabbit model indicate that Doppler sonography with furosemide administration is a valuable method for evaluating hydronephrosis. The administration of furosemide accentuates the difference in RI between obstructed and nonobstructed kidneys.
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Shim CS, Cho YD, Moon JH, Kim JO, Cho JY, Kim YS, Lee JS, Lee MS. Fixation of a modified covered esophageal stent: its clinical usefulness for preventing stent migration. Endoscopy 2001; 33:843-8. [PMID: 11571679 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-17326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Membrane-covered self-expandable metal stents are effective in preventing tumor ingrowth and stent obstruction in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer, but migration of stents continues to be a major problem. We therefore constructed a modified covered self-expandable esophageal metal stent capable of being fixed using a silk thread. The stent was studied prospectively to define its palliative characteristics and whether it is effective in preventing migration. PATIENTS AND METHODS Modified covered self-expandable metal stents were placed in 17 patients with malignant gastric cardiac cancer involving the esophagogastric junction, 41 patients with esophageal cancer, and three patients with tracheoesophageal fistulas. Clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations were carried out at regular intervals. RESULTS Placement of the stent was successful in all patients, with good symptomatic relief and no serious stent-related complications such as esophageal perforation or hemorrhage. Acute stent placement problems, such as incomplete expansion or acute angulation of the stent, were noted in four patients. However, during a mean follow-up period of 7.5 months (range 1 to 17 months), there was no stent migration. CONCLUSIONS Modified covered self-expandable esophageal metal stents of this type would be very effective in preventing stent migration, especially in patients with malignant gastric cardiac cancer extending to the lower esophagus, those with short-segment esophageal cancer, and those with tracheoesophageal fistulas.
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Abstract
[reaction: see text]. A protocol for performing Rh catalyzed aromatic borylations in cyclohexane has been devised. Borylation at the 5-position of several 1,3-substituted aromatic species ranging from electron-rich (1,3-(NMe(2))(2)C(6)H(4)) to electron-deficient (1,3-(CF(3))(2)C(6)H(4)) yields the corresponding aryl boronate esters. Veratrole was selectively borylated at the 4-position, thus extending regioselectivity to 1,2-substituted benzenes. Selective borylation at the 3-position of an N-protected pyrrole has also been demonstrated, providing a valuable reagent for cross-coupling reactions in a single step.
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Chung IK, Hong SJ, Kim EJ, Cho JY, Kim HS, Park SH, Lee MH, Kim SJ, Shim CS. What is the best method to diagnose Helicobacter infection in bleeding peptic ulcers?: a prospective trial. Korean J Intern Med 2001; 16:147-52. [PMID: 11769572 PMCID: PMC4531724 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2001.16.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been debated which diagnostic test should be preferred for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in patients with peptic ulcer diseases. Several limitations are reported in bleeding peptic ulcers because of intragastric blood and possibility of changed numbers of organisms by medication. This study was designed to find out the best method for diagnosis of HP infection, in aspect of deciding the times of detection and the specific tests in bleeding peptic ulcers. METHODS We prospectively examined histology, rapid urease test (CLO test), urea breath test (13C-UBT) and serology in HP diagnostics in 32 patients with bleeding peptic ulcers to detect HP infection. Each test was performed two times (four methods at first 24 hours and former three methods at 7th day after initial therapeutic endoscopy). We evaluated the sensitivity of each test, compared the two-times results and evaluated the effect of these tests to an outcome of endoscopic hemostasis. RESULTS Diagnostic sensitivities of histology, CLO test, 13C-UBT and serology are 75%, 67.8%, 100% and 100% at first endoscopy, and 71.4%, 78.5%, 89.3% at 7th day endoscopy, respectively. Histologic study and CLO test had diagnostic limitation at emergent first endoscopy contrary to UBT (p < 0.01). Histologic study, CLO test and UBT have limitations at 7th day endoscopy. Only 3 patients (9.4%) rebled with subsequent complete endoscopic hemostasis and all diagnostic tests at initial endoscopy did not influence the outcome of hemostasis. CONCLUSION First day histologic and CLO tests are inadequate methods in detecting HP infection in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers. 7-day histologic, CLO test and UBT have a low sensitivity. First-day UBT can be a standard test to diagnose HP infection in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers.
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Cho JY, Nam KH, Kim AR, Park J, Yoo ES, Baik KU, Yu YH, Park MH. In-vitro and in-vivo immunomodulatory effects of syringin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001; 53:1287-94. [PMID: 11578112 DOI: 10.1211/0022357011776577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Syringin was found to possess immunomodulatory activity by which it inhibited the in-vitro immunohaemolysis of antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes by guinea-pig serum through suppression of C3-convertase of the classical complement. In this study, we examined its in-vitro and in-vivo activity on tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) production, CD4+ T cell and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell (CTLL-2) proliferation, and croton oil-, arachidonic acid- and fluorescein-isothiocynate (FITC)-induced mouse ear oedema model. Syringin significantly inhibited both TNF-alpha production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and CD8+ T cell (CTLL-2) proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, whereas neither NO production nor CD4+ T cell proliferation were blocked even by high concentrations of syringin. In the invivo experiments, syringin also significantly suppressed FITC-induced ear oedema in mice but not the ear oedema induced by croton or arachidonic acid. These results suggest that syringin may be implicated as an immunomodulator having an anti-allergic effect rather than an anti-inflammatory effect. The anti-allergic effect of syringin seems to be due, in part, to inhibition of TNF-alpha production and cytotoxic T cell proliferation.
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Yu KS, Cho JY, Shon JH, Bae KS, Yi SY, Lim HS, Jang IJ, Shin SG. Ethnic differences and relationships in the oral pharmacokinetics of nifedipine and erythromycin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 70:228-36. [PMID: 11557910 DOI: 10.1067/mcp.2001.117703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate ethnic differences in the oral pharmacokinetics of nifedipine and erythromycin, both typical cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) substrates, in Koreans and Caucasians and to identify the nature of any correlations between the pharmacokinetic parameters of the two drugs. METHODS Twenty healthy male volunteers (10 Koreans and 10 Caucasians) received single oral doses of nifedipine (10 mg) or erythromycin (500 mg) in a randomized 2-way crossover study. Pharmacokinetic evaluations were performed, and parameters were compared for the two ethnic groups. During the nifedipine study period, hemodynamic measurements were conducted to determine the pharmacodynamic relevance of the pharmacokinetic differences. RESULTS Koreans showed area under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) for both drugs that were 1.6 to 1.7 times higher than those of Caucasians. This difference decreased to 1.3 when normalized for body weight. Significant correlation between the AUCs of the two drugs was not evident. Hemodynamic changes after nifedipine administration paralleled those of the pharmacokinetic differences, with significantly greater decreases in blood pressure and total peripheral resistance noted in Koreans. CONCLUSIONS Koreans showed significantly lower oral clearances of nifedipine and erythromycin, probably because of genetic differences attributed to the CYP3A enzymes.
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Miller M, Sung KL, Muller WA, Cho JY, Roman M, Castaneda D, Nayar J, Condon T, Kim J, Sriramarao P, Broide DH. Eosinophil tissue recruitment to sites of allergic inflammation in the lung is platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule independent. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:2292-7. [PMID: 11490017 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.4.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM or CD31) is a cell adhesion molecule expressed on circulating leukocytes and endothelial cells that plays an important role in mediating neutrophil and monocyte transendothelial migration in vivo. In this study, we investigated whether eosinophils, like neutrophils and monocytes, utilize PECAM for tissue recruitment to sites of allergic inflammation in vivo. Eosinophils express similar levels of PECAM as neutrophils as assessed by FACS analysis. RT-PCR studies demonstrate that eosinophils like neutrophils express the six extracellular domains of PECAM. Eosinophils exhibit homophilic binding to recombinant PECAM as assessed in a single-cell micropipette adhesion assay able to measure the biophysical strength of adhesion of eosinophils to recombinant PECAM. The strength of eosinophil adhesion to recombinant PECAM is the same as that of neutrophil binding to recombinant PECAM and can be inhibited with an anti-PECAM Ab. Although eosinophils express functional PECAM, anti-PECAM Abs did not inhibit bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia, lung eosinophilia, and airway hyperreactivity to methacholine in a mouse model of OVA-induced asthma in vivo. Thus, in contrast to studies that have demonstrated that neutrophil and monocyte tissue recruitment is PECAM dependent, these studies demonstrate that eosinophil tissue recruitment in vivo in this model is PECAM independent.
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Moon JH, Cho YD, Ryu CB, Kim JO, Cho JY, Kim YS, Lee JS, Lee MS, Shim CS. The role of percutaneous transhepatic papillary balloon dilation in percutaneous choledochoscopic lithotomy. Gastrointest Endosc 2001; 54:232-6. [PMID: 11474400 DOI: 10.1067/mge.2001.116881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When choledochoscopic lithotomy with basket and electrohydraulic lithotripsy is used to remove intrahepatic duct stones, fragments or small stones usually remain in the bile duct that are too small to be captured with a basket. METHODS An attempt was made to remove stone fragments in 16 patients with intrahepatic duct stones by antegrade balloon dilation of the sphincter of Oddi with a conventional balloon catheter. After balloon dilation, remnant stones and sludge were pushed through the papilla with the choledochoscope. RESULTS Bile duct stones were completely removed in 12 of 16 patients (75%); stones were removed in 1 session. There was no clinical evidence of procedure-related pancreatitis or fatal complications. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous transhepatic papillary balloon dilation of the sphincter of Oddi and clearance of remnant bile duct stones and stone fragments with the tip of choledochoscope is simple and effective in patients undergoing percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopic lithotomy.
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Cho JY, Fox DA, Horejsi V, Sagawa K, Skubitz KM, Katz DR, Chain B. The functional interactions between CD98, beta1-integrins, and CD147 in the induction of U937 homotypic aggregation. Blood 2001; 98:374-82. [PMID: 11435306 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.2.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD98 is expressed on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells and has been implicated in a variety of different aspects of cell physiology and immunobiology. In this study, the functional interactions between CD98 and other adhesion molecules on the surface of the promonocyte line U937 are examined by means of a quantitative assay of cell aggregation. Several of the CD98 antibodies induced homotypic aggregation of these cells without affecting cellular viability or growth. Aggregation induced by CD98 antibodies could be distinguished from that induced by beta1-integrin (CD29) ligation by lack of sensitivity to EDTA and by increased sensitivity to deoxyglucose. Aggregation induced via CD98 and CD29 could also be distinguished by the pattern of protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced. Some CD29 antibodies partially inhibited CD98-induced aggregation, and these antibodies were neither agonistic for aggregation nor inhibitors of beta1-integrin binding to substrates. Conversely, some CD98 antibodies were potent inhibitors of CD29-induced aggregation. Antibodies to beta2 integrins also partially inhibited CD98-induced aggregation. Unexpectedly, 2 antibodies to CD147, an immunoglobulin superfamily member whose function has remained unclear, were also potent inhibitors of both the aggregation and the protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced via CD98 ligation. The results of this study support a central role for CD98 within a multimolecular unit that regulates cell aggregation.
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Shim CS, Kim JO, Cheon YK, Cho JY, Lee JS, Lee MS. A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia-complicated colonic intussusception. Gastrointest Endosc 2001; 54:77-8. [PMID: 11427847 DOI: 10.1067/mge.2001.116113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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