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Abstract
Skin tumors can manifest solitarily and sporadically but can also be multiple and familial. Beside the skin, hereditary cutaneous tumor syndromes also affect extracutaneous organs and are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Taking the medical history, a clinical examination and dermatopathological characterization of the respective neoplasia will help the dermatologist to reach a diagnosis at an early stage. Subsequently, this diagnosis can be unambiguously confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. Here, we provide an overview and update on selected hereditary cutaneous tumor syndromes.
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Albert AA, Frank J. [58-year-old male with blistering on the back of the hands and dark urine : Preparation for the specialist examination: Part 37]. Hautarzt 2019; 70:41-44. [PMID: 30976858 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-018-4344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lang BM, Balermpas P, Bauer A, Blum A, Brölsch GF, Dirschka T, Follmann M, Frank J, Frerich B, Fritz K, Hauschild A, Heindl LM, Howaldt HP, Ihrler S, Kakkassery V, Klumpp B, Krause-Bergmann A, Löser C, Meissner M, Sachse MM, Schlaak M, Schön MP, Tischendorf L, Tronnier M, Vordermark D, Welzel J, Weichenthal M, Wiegand S, Kaufmann R, Grabbe S. S2k-Leitlinie Basalzellkarzinom der Haut - Teil 2: Therapie, Prävention und Nachsorge. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019; 17:214-231. [PMID: 30762951 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13755_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schweiger JI, Bilek E, Schäfer A, Braun U, Moessnang C, Harneit A, Post P, Otto K, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Erk S, Wackerhagen C, Mattheisen M, Mühleisen TW, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Frank J, Witt SH, Rietschel M, Heinz A, Walter H, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Tost H. Effects of BDNF Val 66Met genotype and schizophrenia familial risk on a neural functional network for cognitive control in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:590-597. [PMID: 30375508 PMCID: PMC6333795 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive control represents an essential neuropsychological characteristic that allows for the rapid adaption of a changing environment by constant re-allocation of cognitive resources. This finely tuned mechanism is impaired in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and contributes to cognitive deficits. Neuroimaging has highlighted the contribution of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and prefrontal regions (PFC) on cognitive control and demonstrated the impact of genetic variation, as well as genetic liability for schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to examine the influence of the functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6265 of a plasticity-related neurotrophic factor gene, BDNF (Val66Met), on cognitive control. Strong evidence implicates BDNF Val66Met in neural plasticity in humans. Furthermore, several studies suggest that although the variant is not convincingly associated with schizophrenia risk, it seems to be a modifier of the clinical presentation and course of the disease. In order to clarify the underlying mechanisms using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we studied the effects of this SNP on ACC and PFC activation, and the connectivity between these regions in a discovery sample of 85 healthy individuals and sought to replicate this effect in an independent sample of 253 individuals. Additionally, we tested the identified imaging phenotype in relation to schizophrenia familial risk in a sample of 58 unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients. We found a significant increase in interregional connectivity between ACC and PFC in the risk-associated BDNF 66Met allele carriers. Furthermore, we replicated this effect in an independent sample and demonstrated its independence of structural confounds, as well as task specificity. A similar coupling increase was detectable in individuals with increased familial risk for schizophrenia. Our results show that a key neural circuit for cognitive control is influenced by a plasticity-related genetic variant, which may render this circuit particular susceptible to genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia.
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Lang BM, Balermpas P, Bauer A, Blum A, Brölsch GF, Dirschka T, Follmann M, Frank J, Frerich B, Fritz K, Hauschild A, Heindl LM, Howaldt HP, Ihrler S, Kakkassery V, Klumpp B, Krause-Bergmann A, Löser C, Meissner M, Sachse MM, Schlaak M, Schön MP, Tischendorf L, Tronnier M, Vordermark D, Welzel J, Weichenthal M, Wiegand S, Kaufmann R, Grabbe S. S2k Guidelines for Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma - Part 1: Epidemiology, Genetics and Diagnosis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018; 17:94-103. [PMID: 30592557 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor among fair-skinned individuals, and its incidence has been rising steadily in the past decades. In order to maintain the highest quality of patient care possible, the German S2k guidelines were updated following a systematic literature search and with the participation of all professional societies and associations involved in the management of the disease. Part 1 highlights new developments in genetics in particular as well as aspects regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, and histology.
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Ralser DJ, Takeuchi H, Fritz G, Basmanav FB, Effern M, Sivalingam S, El-Shabrawi-Caelen L, Degirmentepe EN, Kocatürk E, Singh M, Booken N, Spierings NMK, Schnabel V, Heineke A, Knuever J, Wolf S, Wehner M, Tronnier M, Leverkus M, Tantcheva-Poór I, Wenzel J, Oji V, Has C, Hölzel M, Frank J, Haltiwanger RS, Betz RC. Altered Notch Signaling in Dowling-Degos Disease: Additional Mutations in POGLUT1 and Further Insights into Disease Pathogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:960-964. [PMID: 30414910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Frank J, Kietzman K, Damron-Rodriguez J, Palimaru A, del Pino H, Regos-Stewart D. CALIFORNIA’S MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES ACT: DOES IT SUPPORT AN OLDER ADULT SYSTEM OF CARE? Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Parren LJMT, Giehl K, van Geel M, Frank J. Phenotype variability in tumor disorders of the skin appendages associated with mutations in the CYLD gene. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:599-606. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Frank J, Ralser DJ, Betz RC. Intra- and Interfamilial Phenotype Variability Associated with Mutations in γ-Secretase Subunit-Encoding PSENEN. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1215-1218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Parren L, Baron J, Joussen S, Marquardt Y, Hanneken S, van Steensel M, Steijlen P, van Geel M, Frank J. CYLD
mutations differentially affect splicing and mRNA decay in Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:e331-e333. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Frank J. Hereditäre Hautadnextumor-Syndrome - Eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Haux R, Frank J, Knaup P. The IMIA WGI Database on Health and Medical Informatics Programs and Courses: A Call for Participation. Methods Inf Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1636844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Working Group 1 on health and medical informatics education of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) has established a WWW site (http://ix.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/ ~ d16) to provide up-to-date information about its work. The core of the site is an underlying database providing information on health and medical informatics (HMI) programs and courses worldwide. To be able to have a database of high quality and value we encourage all teachers and institutions to submit information about courses and programs on HMI education offered and to set pointers to their own WWW sites. In addition, a mailing list was installed to facilitate communication between all persons interested in HMI education. For subscription a message has to be sent to “listserv@listserv.net”. The body of the message should read “SUBSCRIBE IMIA-WG1”. Messages to the IMIAWG1 list have to be sent to “imia-wg1@urzinfo.urz.uni-heidelberg.de”.
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Humbatova A, Maroofian R, Romano MT, Tafazzoli A, Behnam M, Dilaver N, Nouri N, Salehi M, Wolf S, Frank J, Kokordelis P, Betz RC. An insertion mutation in HOXC13 underlies pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia with lacrimal duct obstruction. Br J Dermatol 2017; 178:e265-e267. [PMID: 29278420 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ralser DJ, Lestringant GG, Du-Thanh A, Kokordelis P, Fischer J, Basmanav FBÜ, Wolf S, Thiele H, Altmüller J, Nürnberg P, Oji V, Fritz G, Frank J, Betz RC. Functional implications of novel ADAM10 mutations in reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:e340-e343. [PMID: 29192958 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pearce J, Best C, Haseen F, Currie D, MacKintosh1 AM, Stead M, Eadie D, MacGregor A, Amos A, Frank J, Haw S. Electronic cigarette use and smoking initiation in Scottish adolescents: a cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Voth M, Lustenberger T, Auner B, Frank J, Marzi I. What injuries should we expect in the emergency room? Injury 2017; 48:2119-2124. [PMID: 28778731 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Beside serious and potentially fatal injuries, the majority of pediatric trauma patients present with minor injuries to emergency departments. The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related injury pattern, trauma mechanism as well as the need for surgery in pediatric patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective Study from 01/2008 to 12/2012 at a level I trauma center. All patients <18years of age following trauma were included. Injury mechanism, injury pattern as well as need for surgery were analyzed according to different age groups (0-3 years, 4-7 years, 8-12 years and 13-17 years). Major injuries were defined as fractures, dislocations and visceral organ injuries. Minor injuries included contusions and superficial wounds. RESULTS Overall, 15300 patients were included (59% male, median age 8 years). A total of 303 patients (2%) were admitted to the resuscitation room and of these, 69 (0.5% of all patients) were multiply injured (median Injury Severity Score (ISS) 20 pts). Major injuries were found in 3953 patients (26%). Minor injuries were documented in 11347 patients (74%). Of those patients with a major injury, 76% (2991 patients) suffered a fracture, 3% (132 patients) a dislocation and 3% (131 patients) an injury of nerves, tendons or ligaments. The majority of fractures were located in the upper extremity (73%) (elbow fractures 16%; radius fractures 16%; finger fractures 14%). Patients with minor injuries presented with head injuries (34%), finger injuries (10%) and injuries of the upper ankle (9%). The most common trauma mechanisms included impact (41%), followed by falls from standing height (24%), sport injuries (15%) and traffic accidents (9%). Overall, 1558 patients (10%) were operated. Of these, 61% had a major and 39% a minor injury. CONCLUSION Almost 75% of all children, who presented to the emergency department following trauma revealed minor injuries. However, 25% suffered a relevant, major injury and 0.5% suffered a multiple trauma with a median ISS of 20. Overall, 10% had to be operated. The most frequently found major injuries were extremity fractures, with elbow fractures as the most common fracture.
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Mihailovic D, Neumann NJ, Frank J. Basal Cell Carcinoma in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria: All About Ultraviolet Light? J Cutan Med Surg 2017; 21:270-271. [PMID: 28903600 DOI: 10.1177/1203475417697965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Frank J, Lee Y, Kim D, Benaim E. RX-3117, a novel hypomethylating agent, shows promising therapeutic activity in combination with nab-paclitaxel and check-point inhibitors in preclinical models. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx367.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Frank J. Hereditäre Hauterkrankungen - Klinisch und genetisch heterogen. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017; 15:881-882. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Zheng N, Sherif N, Li Q, Broyles I, Chong N, Frank J, Rokoske F. COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT UPON HOSPICE ADMISSION: WHAT DRIVES NON-COMPLIANCE? Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Witt SH, Streit F, Jungkunz M, Frank J, Awasthi S, Reinbold CS, Treutlein J, Degenhardt F, Forstner AJ, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Dietl L, Schwarze CE, Schendel D, Strohmaier J, Abdellaoui A, Adolfsson R, Air TM, Akil H, Alda M, Alliey-Rodriguez N, Andreassen OA, Babadjanova G, Bass NJ, Bauer M, Baune BT, Bellivier F, Bergen S, Bethell A, Biernacka JM, Blackwood DHR, Boks MP, Boomsma DI, Børglum AD, Borrmann-Hassenbach M, Brennan P, Budde M, Buttenschøn HN, Byrne EM, Cervantes P, Clarke TK, Craddock N, Cruceanu C, Curtis D, Czerski PM, Dannlowski U, Davis T, de Geus EJC, Di Florio A, Djurovic S, Domenici E, Edenberg HJ, Etain B, Fischer SB, Forty L, Fraser C, Frye MA, Fullerton JM, Gade K, Gershon ES, Giegling I, Gordon SD, Gordon-Smith K, Grabe HJ, Green EK, Greenwood TA, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Guzman-Parra J, Hall LS, Hamshere M, Hauser J, Hautzinger M, Heilbronner U, Herms S, Hitturlingappa S, Hoffmann P, Holmans P, Hottenga JJ, Jamain S, Jones I, Jones LA, Juréus A, Kahn RS, Kammerer-Ciernioch J, Kirov G, Kittel-Schneider S, Kloiber S, Knott SV, Kogevinas M, Landén M, Leber M, Leboyer M, Li QS, Lissowska J, Lucae S, Martin NG, Mayoral-Cleries F, McElroy SL, McIntosh AM, McKay JD, McQuillin A, Medland SE, Middeldorp CM, Milaneschi Y, Mitchell PB, Montgomery GW, Morken G, Mors O, Mühleisen TW, Müller-Myhsok B, Myers RM, Nievergelt CM, Nurnberger JI, O'Donovan MC, Loohuis LMO, Ophoff R, Oruc L, Owen MJ, Paciga SA, Penninx BWJH, Perry A, Pfennig A, Potash JB, Preisig M, Reif A, Rivas F, Rouleau GA, Schofield PR, Schulze TG, Schwarz M, Scott L, Sinnamon GCB, Stahl EA, Strauss J, Turecki G, Van der Auwera S, Vedder H, Vincent JB, Willemsen G, Witt CC, Wray NR, Xi HS, Tadic A, Dahmen N, Schott BH, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Ripke S, Mobascher A, Rujescu D, Lieb K, Roepke S, Schmahl C, Bohus M, Rietschel M. Genome-wide association study of borderline personality disorder reveals genetic overlap with bipolar disorder, major depression and schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1155. [PMID: 28632202 PMCID: PMC5537640 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BOR) is determined by environmental and genetic factors, and characterized by affective instability and impulsivity, diagnostic symptoms also observed in manic phases of bipolar disorder (BIP). Up to 20% of BIP patients show comorbidity with BOR. This report describes the first case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BOR, performed in one of the largest BOR patient samples worldwide. The focus of our analysis was (i) to detect genes and gene sets involved in BOR and (ii) to investigate the genetic overlap with BIP. As there is considerable genetic overlap between BIP, major depression (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) and a high comorbidity of BOR and MDD, we also analyzed the genetic overlap of BOR with SCZ and MDD. GWAS, gene-based tests and gene-set analyses were performed in 998 BOR patients and 1545 controls. Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to detect the genetic overlap between BOR and these disorders. Single marker analysis revealed no significant association after correction for multiple testing. Gene-based analysis yielded two significant genes: DPYD (P=4.42 × 10-7) and PKP4 (P=8.67 × 10-7); and gene-set analysis yielded a significant finding for exocytosis (GO:0006887, PFDR=0.019; FDR, false discovery rate). Prior studies have implicated DPYD, PKP4 and exocytosis in BIP and SCZ. The most notable finding of the present study was the genetic overlap of BOR with BIP (rg=0.28 [P=2.99 × 10-3]), SCZ (rg=0.34 [P=4.37 × 10-5]) and MDD (rg=0.57 [P=1.04 × 10-3]). We believe our study is the first to demonstrate that BOR overlaps with BIP, MDD and SCZ on the genetic level. Whether this is confined to transdiagnostic clinical symptoms should be examined in future studies.
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Leiblein M, Marzi I, Sander AL, Barker JH, Ebert F, Frank J. Necrotizing fasciitis: treatment concepts and clinical results. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2017; 44:279-290. [PMID: 28484782 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-017-0792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening soft tissue infection characterized by a rapid spreading infection of the subcutaneous tissue and in particular the fascia. The management of infected tissues requires a rapid diagnosis, immediate aggressive surgical management and an extended debridement. In some cases early amputations of the affected tissues and maximum intensive care treatment, in case of sepsis, are required. Due to a rising number of cases we aimed to evaluate our patients in a retrospective review. METHOD All patients diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis from 2014 to 2016 (21 months) in our level one trauma center were identified. Their charts were reviewed and data were analyzed in terms of demographic and social information, microbiological results, therapeutic course, socio-economic outcome and mortality. RESULTS We found 15 patients with necrotizing fasciitis. None of these died in the observation period. The mean number of surgical interventions was seven. Two patients underwent limb amputation; diabetes mellitus was assigned with a significant higher risk for amputation. The mean hospitalization was 32 days, including 8 days on intensive care unit. Of the discovered bacteria 93% were sensitive to the initial antibiotic treatment with Ampicillin, Clindamycin and Clont. CONCLUSION Surgical therapy is indicated if necrotizing fasciitis is suspected. Diabetes mellitus was a clinical predictor of limb amputation in patients with necrotizing fasciitis in our cohort. Aminopenicillin ± sulbactam in combination with clindamycin and/or metronidazole is recommended as initial calculated antibiotic treatment.
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Bigdeli TB, Ripke S, Peterson RE, Trzaskowski M, Bacanu SA, Abdellaoui A, Andlauer TFM, Beekman ATF, Berger K, Blackwood DHR, Boomsma DI, Breen G, Buttenschøn HN, Byrne EM, Cichon S, Clarke TK, Couvy-Duchesne B, Craddock N, de Geus EJC, Degenhardt F, Dunn EC, Edwards AC, Fanous AH, Forstner AJ, Frank J, Gill M, Gordon SD, Grabe HJ, Hamilton SP, Hardiman O, Hayward C, Heath AC, Henders AK, Herms S, Hickie IB, Hoffmann P, Homuth G, Hottenga JJ, Ising M, Jansen R, Kloiber S, Knowles JA, Lang M, Li QS, Lucae S, MacIntyre DJ, Madden PAF, Martin NG, McGrath PJ, McGuffin P, McIntosh AM, Medland SE, Mehta D, Middeldorp CM, Milaneschi Y, Montgomery GW, Mors O, Müller-Myhsok B, Nauck M, Nyholt DR, Nöthen MM, Owen MJ, Penninx BWJH, Pergadia ML, Perlis RH, Peyrot WJ, Porteous DJ, Potash JB, Rice JP, Rietschel M, Riley BP, Rivera M, Schoevers R, Schulze TG, Shi J, Shyn SI, Smit JH, Smoller JW, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Teumer A, Treutlein J, Van der Auwera S, van Grootheest G, van Hemert AM, Völzke H, Webb BT, Weissman MM, Wellmann J, Willemsen G, Witt SH, Levinson DF, Lewis CM, Wray NR, Flint J, Sullivan PF, Kendler KS. Genetic effects influencing risk for major depressive disorder in China and Europe. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1074. [PMID: 28350396 PMCID: PMC5404611 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, complex psychiatric disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite twin studies indicating its modest heritability (~30-40%), extensive heterogeneity and a complex genetic architecture have complicated efforts to detect associated genetic risk variants. We combined single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) summary statistics from the CONVERGE and PGC studies of MDD, representing 10 502 Chinese (5282 cases and 5220 controls) and 18 663 European (9447 cases and 9215 controls) subjects. We determined the fraction of SNPs displaying consistent directions of effect, assessed the significance of polygenic risk scores and estimated the genetic correlation of MDD across ancestries. Subsequent trans-ancestry meta-analyses combined SNP-level evidence of association. Sign tests and polygenic score profiling weakly support an overlap of SNP effects between East Asian and European populations. We estimated the trans-ancestry genetic correlation of lifetime MDD as 0.33; female-only and recurrent MDD yielded estimates of 0.40 and 0.41, respectively. Common variants downstream of GPHN achieved genome-wide significance by Bayesian trans-ancestry meta-analysis (rs9323497; log10 Bayes Factor=8.08) but failed to replicate in an independent European sample (P=0.911). Gene-set enrichment analyses indicate enrichment of genes involved in neuronal development and axonal trafficking. We successfully demonstrate a partially shared polygenic basis of MDD in East Asian and European populations. Taken together, these findings support a complex etiology for MDD and possible population differences in predisposing genetic factors, with important implications for future genetic studies.
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Ralser DJ, Basmanav FBÜ, Tafazzoli A, Wititsuwannakul J, Delker S, Danda S, Thiele H, Wolf S, Busch M, Pulimood SA, Altmüller J, Nürnberg P, Lacombe D, Hillen U, Wenzel J, Frank J, Odermatt B, Betz RC. Mutations in γ-secretase subunit-encoding PSENEN underlie Dowling-Degos disease associated with acne inversa. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1485-1490. [PMID: 28287404 DOI: 10.1172/jci90667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dowling-Degos disease (DDD) is an autosomal-dominant disorder of skin pigmentation associated with mutations in keratin 5 (KRT5), protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), or protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1). Here, we have identified 6 heterozygous truncating mutations in PSENEN, encoding presenilin enhancer protein 2, in 6 unrelated patients and families with DDD in whom mutations in KRT5, POFUT1, and POGLUT1 have been excluded. Further examination revealed that the histopathologic feature of follicular hyperkeratosis distinguished these 6 patients from previously studied individuals with DDD. Knockdown of psenen in zebrafish larvae resulted in a phenotype with scattered pigmentation that mimicked human DDD. In the developing zebrafish larvae, in vivo monitoring of pigment cells suggested that disturbances in melanocyte migration and differentiation underlie the DDD pathogenesis associated with PSENEN. Six of the PSENEN mutation carriers presented with comorbid acne inversa (AI), an inflammatory hair follicle disorder, and had a history of nicotine abuse and/or obesity, which are known trigger factors for AI. Previously, PSENEN mutations were identified in familial AI, and comanifestation of DDD and AI has been reported for decades. The present work suggests that PSENEN mutations can indeed cause a comanifestation of DDD and AI that is likely triggered by predisposing factors for AI. Thus, the present report describes a DDD subphenotype in PSENEN mutation carriers that is associated with increased susceptibility to AI.
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Sander AL, Sommer K, Schäf D, Braun C, Marzi I, Pohlemann T, Frank J. Clinical outcome after alternative treatment of scaphoid fractures and nonunions. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2017; 44:113-118. [PMID: 28243717 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-017-0773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Achieving stable fixation of scaphoid fractures and nonunions continues to be a challenge. Compression screw fixation has been the current standard surgical procedure. However, in some cases, bone healing cannot be achieved and requires further revision. Recent series reintroduced volar plating as valid option for stable fixation. The aim of the study was to review clinical outcome of alternative scaphoid treatment. METHODS From 2011 to 2014, nine patients with scaphoid fracture were treated by Headless Compression Screw (HCS) and seven patients with scaphoid nonunion by HCS or volar mini condylar plate with bone graft. The average age was 34.4 years and the average time to follow-up was 19.3 months. From 1996 to 1998, 38 patients with scaphoid nonunion were treated using compression screw (S-group) or volar mini condylar plate (P-group) with bone graft. The average age was 39.6 years and the average time to follow-up was 26.2 months. RESULTS The union rate was 100%. For scaphoid fractures, the mean Modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS) was 94.1 and the DASH score 7.4. From 2011 to 2014, the MMWS was 87.9 and the DASH score 7 in scaphoid nonunions. In the period between 1996 and 1998, the MMWS was 67.2 in the P-group and 58.6 in the S-group, and the DASH score 16.8 and 28.2. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that appropriate application of the HCS was able to produce very satisfactory results in scaphoid fractures and nonunions. In our opinion, however, the method of scaphoid plate osteosynthesis can achieve a higher degree of stability, particularly rotational stability, in case of multifragmentary avascular scaphoid nonunions.
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