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Lepicard A, Cardinal T, Fargin E, Adamietz F, Rodriguez V, Richardson K, Dussauze M. Micro-structuring the surface reactivity of a borosilicate glass via thermal poling. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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West MA, Asher R, Browning M, Minto G, Swart M, Richardson K, McGarrity L, Jack S, Grocott MPW. Validation of preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing-derived variables to predict in-hospital morbidity after major colorectal surgery. Br J Surg 2016. [PMID: 26914526 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10112)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In single-centre studies, postoperative complications are associated with reduced fitness. This study explored the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness variables derived by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and in-hospital morbidity after major elective colorectal surgery. METHODS Patients underwent preoperative CPET with recording of in-hospital morbidity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between CPET variables and postoperative morbidity. RESULTS Seven hundred and three patients from six centres in the UK were available for analysis (428 men, 275 women). ROC curve analysis of oxygen uptake at estimated lactate threshold (V˙o2 at θ^L ) and at peak exercise (V˙o2peak ) gave an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0·79 (95 per cent c.i. 0·76 to 0·83; P < 0·001; cut-off 11·1 ml per kg per min) and 0·77 (0·72 to 0·82; P < 0·001; cut-off 18·2 ml per kg per min) respectively, indicating that they can identify patients at risk of postoperative morbidity. In a multivariable logistic regression model, selected CPET variables and body mass index (BMI) were associated significantly with increased odds of in-hospital morbidity (V˙o2 at θ^L 11·1 ml per kg per min or less: odds ratio (OR) 7·56, 95 per cent c.i. 4·44 to 12·86, P < 0·001; V˙o2peak 18·2 ml per kg per min or less: OR 2·15, 1·01 to 4·57, P = 0·047; ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide at estimated lactate threshold (V˙E /V˙co2 at θ^L ) more than 30·9: OR 1·38, 1·00 to 1·89, P = 0·047); BMI exceeding 27 kg/m2 : OR 1·05, 1·03 to 1·08, P < 0·001). A laparoscopic procedure was associated with a decreased odds of complications (OR 0·30, 0·02 to 0·44; P = 0·033). This model was able to discriminate between patients with, and without in-hospital morbidity (AUROC 0·83, 95 per cent c.i. 0·79 to 0·87). No adverse clinical events occurred during CPET across the six centres. CONCLUSION These data provide further evidence that variables derived from preoperative CPET can be used to assess risk before elective colorectal surgery.
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Richardson K, Hopker J. One minute to assess frailty, but what should we do next? Anaesthesia 2016; 71:622-6. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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West MA, Asher R, Browning M, Minto G, Swart M, Richardson K, McGarrity L, Jack S, Grocott MPW. Validation of preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing-derived variables to predict in-hospital morbidity after major colorectal surgery. Br J Surg 2016; 103:744-752. [PMID: 26914526 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In single-centre studies, postoperative complications are associated with reduced fitness. This study explored the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness variables derived by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and in-hospital morbidity after major elective colorectal surgery. METHODS Patients underwent preoperative CPET with recording of in-hospital morbidity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between CPET variables and postoperative morbidity. RESULTS Seven hundred and three patients from six centres in the UK were available for analysis (428 men, 275 women). ROC curve analysis of oxygen uptake at estimated lactate threshold (V˙o2 at θ^L ) and at peak exercise (V˙o2peak ) gave an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0·79 (95 per cent c.i. 0·76 to 0·83; P < 0·001; cut-off 11·1 ml per kg per min) and 0·77 (0·72 to 0·82; P < 0·001; cut-off 18·2 ml per kg per min) respectively, indicating that they can identify patients at risk of postoperative morbidity. In a multivariable logistic regression model, selected CPET variables and body mass index (BMI) were associated significantly with increased odds of in-hospital morbidity (V˙o2 at θ^L 11·1 ml per kg per min or less: odds ratio (OR) 7·56, 95 per cent c.i. 4·44 to 12·86, P < 0·001; V˙o2peak 18·2 ml per kg per min or less: OR 2·15, 1·01 to 4·57, P = 0·047; ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide at estimated lactate threshold (V˙E /V˙co2 at θ^L ) more than 30·9: OR 1·38, 1·00 to 1·89, P = 0·047); BMI exceeding 27 kg/m2 : OR 1·05, 1·03 to 1·08, P < 0·001). A laparoscopic procedure was associated with a decreased odds of complications (OR 0·30, 0·02 to 0·44; P = 0·033). This model was able to discriminate between patients with, and without in-hospital morbidity (AUROC 0·83, 95 per cent c.i. 0·79 to 0·87). No adverse clinical events occurred during CPET across the six centres. CONCLUSION These data provide further evidence that variables derived from preoperative CPET can be used to assess risk before elective colorectal surgery.
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Rees M, Richardson K, Woodward A. Use of the risk adjusted mortality index (rami): A valid index of in-hospital mortality risk in surgical patients? Int J Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gerten D, Rockstrom J, Heinke J, Steffen W, Richardson K, Cornell S. Response to Comment on "Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet". Science 2015; 348:1217. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aab0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Steffen W, Richardson K, Rockstrom J, Cornell SE, Fetzer I, Bennett EM, Biggs R, Carpenter SR, de Vries W, de Wit CA, Folke C, Gerten D, Heinke J, Mace GM, Persson LM, Ramanathan V, Reyers B, Sorlin S. Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science 2015; 347:1259855. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1259855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5235] [Impact Index Per Article: 581.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Ma Y, Tucker KL, Smith CE, Lee YC, Huang T, Richardson K, Parnell LD, Lai CQ, Young KL, Justice AE, Shao Y, North KE, Ordovás JM. Lipoprotein lipase variants interact with polyunsaturated fatty acids for obesity traits in women: replication in two populations. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:1323-1329. [PMID: 25156894 PMCID: PMC4356006 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a candidate gene for obesity based on its role in triglyceride hydrolysis and the partitioning of fatty acids towards storage or oxidation. Whether dietary fatty acids modify LPL associated obesity risk is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs320, rs2083637, rs17411031, rs13702, rs2197089) for potential interaction with dietary fatty acids for obesity traits in 1171 participants (333 men and 838 women, aged 45-75 y) of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS). In women, SNP rs320 interacted with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.002) and waist circumference (WC) (P = 0.001) respectively. Higher intake of PUFA was associated with lower BMI and WC in homozygotes of the major allele (TT) (P = 0.01 and 0.005) but not in minor allele carriers (TG and GG). These interactions were replicated in an independent population, African American women of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (n = 1334). CONCLUSION Dietary PUFA modulated the association of LPL rs320 with obesity traits in two independent populations. These interactions may be relevant to the dietary management of obesity, particularly in women.
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Miller SL, Richardson K, Edwards PA. The effect of suspended sediment on fertilization success in the urchin Evechinus chloroticus: analysis of experimental data using hierarchical Bayesian methods. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 88:28-33. [PMID: 25287223 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial sediments are a significant stressor on coastal ecosystems, with both suspended and deposited sediment having adverse effects on aquatic organisms. However, information on the effect of suspended sediments on fertilization success for urchin species is lacking. Using sediment levels similar to those encountered in situ, a controlled experiment was conducted to test whether suspended sediment affects fertilization success in the urchin Evechinus chloroticus. Analyses used generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and hierarchical Bayesian (HB) regression. Both approaches showed a significant decrease in fertilization success with increased suspended sediment levels. Uncertainties in estimates were narrower for HB models, suggesting that this approach has advantages over GLMMs for sparse data problems sometimes encountered in laboratory experiments. Given future global change scenarios, this work is important for predicting the effects of stressors such as sedimentation that may ultimately impact marine populations.
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Wu G, Legendre B, Cherubin S, Cubrich C, Dowers A, Jensen S, Gniffke J, Kruempel A, Krzycki P, McCutchen E, Montagne E, Peterson S, Pope J, Scott K, Richardson K. 227 Multiplexed ICE COLD-PCR: A mutation detection methodology for achieving sensitivities of <0.01% using either Sanger or NGS. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hopperdietzel C, Hirschberg RM, Hünigen H, Wolter J, Richardson K, Plendl J. Gross morphology and histology of the alimentary tract of the convict cichlid Amatitlania nigrofasciata. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 85:1707-1725. [PMID: 25263750 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The primary objectives of this study were to document the macroscopic and histological structure of the alimentary tract (AT) of the convict cichlid Amatitlania nigrofasciata, because there are no data available for this omnivorous freshwater fish of the family Cichlidae. The morphology of the AT of A. nigrofasciata resembles that of related species. While having morphological criteria of the AT typical of most omnivorous fishes, such as a blind sac stomach and medium length intestine, A. nigrofasciata also has some structural peculiarities: the oesophagus is lined by a uniform stratified squamous epithelial layer with interspersed goblet cells along its entire length. Additionally, it has well-developed layers of the tunica muscularis including muscle fibre bundles that ascend into its mucosal folds. Occasionally, taste buds are present. In the transitional area between oesophagus and stomach, a prominent torus-like closure device is present. The mucosa of the stomach cannot be divided into different regions according to mucosal and morphological properties. The simple pattern of intestinal loops of A. nigrofasciata has few variations, irrespective of sex, mass and length of the individual fish. The first segment of the intestine is characterized by the largest mucososerosal ratio and the most complex mucosal surface architecture. A distinction of midgut and hindgut was not possible in A. nigrofasciata due to lack of defining structural components as described for other fish species.
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Suttie C, Morgia M, Doria T, Richardson K, Lamoury G. Dosimetric Implications of Tissue Expanders in Postmastectomy Irradiation and Oncoplastic Reconstruction Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bacanu SA, Chen J, Sun J, Richardson K, Lai CQ, Zhao Z, O'Donovan MC, Kendler KS, Chen X. Functional SNPs are enriched for schizophrenia association signals. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:276-7. [PMID: 23546170 PMCID: PMC7954531 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Baysari MT, Oliver K, Egan B, Li L, Richardson K, Sandaradura I, Westbrook JI, Day RO. Audit and feedback of antibiotic use: utilising electronic prescription data. Appl Clin Inform 2013; 4:583-95. [PMID: 24454584 DOI: 10.4338/aci-2013-08-ra-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is now little doubt that improving antimicrobial use is necessary for the containment of resistance. OBJECTIVE To determine whether providing individualised feedback to doctors about their recent compliance with the hospital's antibiotic policy improves compliance with the policy. METHODS This study was conducted at a teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia. Computerised alerts integrated into the electronic prescribing system (ePS) inform prescribers of the local antibiotic policy. We utilised prescribing data extracted from the ePS for 'audit and feedback'. Thirty-six prescribers were sent feedback letters via email. We also interviewed doctors who had received letters to explore their views of the feedback and the policy in general. RESULTS There was no significant change in compliance with the policy following implementation of the feedback intervention (0% compliant vs 11.9%; p = 0.07). Several problems with the policy and the approval process were identified by researchers during auditing and by prescribers during interviews. Some problems identified made it difficult to accurately assess compliance and for doctors to comply with the policy. CONCLUSION Our intervention did not result in improved compliance with the antibiotic policy but revealed practical problems with the policy and approval process that had not been identified prior to the trial. Greater support for the policy by senior doctors and the assignment of more clearly defined roles and responsibilities associated with antibiotic use and approval may result in improved compliance. Harnessing the full potential of technology would streamline the antimicrobial approval process and allow more efficient and reliable monitoring of antibiotic use and compliance. Many of the problems we identified are generic issues of importance to all organisations seeking to integrate antimicrobial stewardship into ePS.
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Ahmed W, Richardson K, Sidhu J, Jagals P, Toze S. Inactivation of faecal indicator bacteria in a roof-captured rainwater system under ambient meteorological conditions. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 116:199-207. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bejar R, Murphy D, Stevenson K, Neuberg D, Shi Y, Cubrich C, Richardson K, Eastlake P, Garcia-Manero G, Kantarjian H, Ebert B, Makrigiorgos G. P-103 Occult NRAS mutations with very low allele burden have independent prognostic significance in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(13)70151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Glazener C, Elders A, MacArthur C, Lancashire RJ, Herbison P, Hagen S, Dean N, Bain C, Toozs-Hobson P, Richardson K, McDonald A, McPherson G, Wilson D. Childbirth and prolapse: long-term associations with the symptoms and objective measurement of pelvic organ prolapse. BJOG 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ahmed W, Richardson K, Sidhu JPS, Toze S. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in rainwater tank samples: comparison of culture-based methods and 23S rRNA gene quantitative PCR assays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:11370-11376. [PMID: 22963205 DOI: 10.1021/es302222b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, culture-based methods and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were compared with each other for the measurement of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in water samples collected from rainwater tanks in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Among the 50 rainwater tank samples tested, 26 (52%) and 46 (92%) samples yielded E. coli numbers as measured by EPA Method 1603 and E. coli 23S rRNA gene qPCR assay, respectively. Similarly, 49 (98%) and 47 (94%) samples yielded Enterococcus spp. numbers as measured by EPA Method 1600 and Enterococcus spp. 23S rRNA gene qPCR assay, respectively. The mean E. coli (2.49 ± 0.85) log(10) and Enterococcus spp. (2.72 ± 0.32) log(10) numbers as measured by qPCR assays were significantly (P < 0001) different than E. coli (0.91 ± 0.80) log(10) and Enterococcus spp. (1.86 ± 0.60) log(10) numbers as measured by culture-based method. Weak but significant correlations were observed between both EPA Method 1603 and the E. coli qPCR assay (r = 0.47, P = 0.0009), and EPA Method 1600 and the Enterococcus spp. qPCR assay (r = 0.42, P = 0.002). Good qualitative agreement was found between the culture-based method and the Enterococcus spp. qPCR assay in terms of detecting fecal pollution in water samples from the studied rainwater tanks. More research studies, however, are needed to shed some light on the discrepancies associated with the culture-based methods and qPCR assays for measuring fecal indicator bacteria.
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Mou B, Richardson K, Benzen S, Liu HY. Effects of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus in Spinach Cultivars. PLANT DISEASE 2012; 96:618-622. [PMID: 30727521 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-11-0748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) causes one of the most economically destructive diseases of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), rhizomania, which may reduce sugar yield by 80%. This field investigation was conducted to evaluate the interactions between spinach genotypes and different BNYVV strains, and to determine whether BNYVV is transmitted through spinach seeds. Eight commercial spinach cultivars were planted in two BNYVV-infested fields and two control fields in Salinas, CA in 2009. Spinach plants in the BNYVV-infested fields showed disease symptoms of yellow-green or light-green vein clearing, mottling, or yellow-green chlorotic lesions on younger leaves as early as 28 days after planting (four- to six-true leaf stage). Leaves may also become stiff, more crinkled, and necrotic. There was an increase of lateral roots and leaf number but a decrease in leaf weight compared to healthy plants. Infected plants often became stunted, deformed, wilted, and dead. Symptomatic leaves and roots from plants with or without leaf symptoms in BNYVV-infested fields all tested positive for BNYVV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A more aggressive (resistance-breaking) strain of BNYVV led to higher disease incidence in spinach than in the wild type. BNYVV was not transmitted through spinach seeds. There were significant differences in disease development among cultivars, with disease incidence ranging from 8 to 44%, suggesting that genetic improvement of BNYVV resistance through spinach breeding should be feasible.
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Shibli-Rahhal A, Vaughan-Sarrazin MS, Richardson K, Cram P. Testing and treatment for osteoporosis following hip fracture in an integrated U.S. healthcare delivery system. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:2973-80. [PMID: 21271339 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Older veterans with acute hip fracture do not receive adequate evaluation and treatment for osteoporosis, irrespective of their age and underlying health status. INTRODUCTION Hip fractures are a serious complication of osteoporosis, leading to high mortality and morbidity. Prior studies have found significant undertreatment of osteoporosis in women with hip fracture. We examined the rate of bone density (BMD) testing and osteoporosis treatment among a predominantly male population hospitalized with hip fractures. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients age 65 years and older hospitalized in U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals with hip fracture (N = 3,347) between 1 October, 2004 and 30 September, 2006. The primary outcome was receipt of BMD testing or initiation of pharmacotherapy within 12 months of fracture. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 79.0 years (SD = 6.7), 96.5% were male, and 83.3% were white. Only 1.2% of hip fracture patients underwent BMD testing and 14.5% received osteoporosis therapy within 12 months of fracture. Among fracture patients with minimal comorbid illness (N = 756) only 1.6% underwent BMD testing and 13.0% received pharmacotherapy. In logistic regression models, treatment rates were higher for women compared to men (odds ratio, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.16-5.04) and lower for blacks compared to whites (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Evaluation and treatment of osteoporosis among patients with fractures is suboptimal even in an integrated healthcare delivery system with generous pharmaceutical coverage. This study suggests that the undertreatment of osteoporosis demonstrated in the private sector is also present within the VA.
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Wang M, Fitzgerald JM, Richardson K, Marra CA, Cook VJ, Hajek J, Elwood RK, Bowie WR, Marra F. Is the delay in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis related to exposure to fluoroquinolones or any antibiotic? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011; 15:1062-8. [PMID: 21740669 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delays in diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) have been associated with previous use of antibiotics, and in particular fluoroquinolones (FQ), for suspected pulmonary infections. METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study with 2232 patients who had active TB between 1997 and 2006 (records obtained from the British Columbia Linked Health Databases). Patients with a record of an initial health care contact preceding the diagnosis of TB were identified for inclusion. Health care delay was defined as the time between initial health care contact and the initiation of anti-tuberculosis medication, and was compared between patients prescribed antibiotics and those not exposed to any antibiotics. RESULTS A total of 1544 patients were included. After adjusting for covariates, average health care delay for patients exposed to antibiotics was found to be significantly greater, by a factor of 2.10 (95%CI 1.80-2.44), with a median delay of 41 days in the antibiotic group compared to 14 days in the non-antibiotic group. Sex, age, foreign-born status and socio-economic status were non-significant factors. Health care delay increased with the number of antibiotic courses received, but not with the type of antibiotic. CONCLUSIONS Previous treatment with any antibiotic, and not only a FQ, is associated with a delay in TB diagnosis.
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Johnson JA, Bowker SL, Richardson K, Marra CA. Time-varying incidence of cancer after the onset of type 2 diabetes: evidence of potential detection bias. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2263-71. [PMID: 21748485 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Despite the vast body of epidemiological literature on the risk of cancer in people with diabetes, few studies have examined the pattern of cancer risk during different time windows following diabetes onset. The objective of the study was to examine the risks of site-specific cancer in people with incident type 2 diabetes during different time windows following diabetes onset. METHODS This was a population-based retrospective cohort study. The study period was 1 April 1994 to 31 March 2006; censoring occurred at 31 March 2006, at death or on departure from British Columbia, Canada. Using linked health databases, we identified incident cohorts with and without diabetes, who were matched by age, sex and index year. Following a minimum 2-year cancer washout period, first site-specific cancers were identified prospectively in both cohorts. RESULTS Within 3 months following diabetes onset, participants with diabetes had significantly increased risks of colorectal, lung, liver, cervical, endometrial, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate cancers. After the initial 3-month period, the risks for colorectal (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05, 1.25), liver (HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.93, 3.31) and endometrial (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.28, 1.94) cancers remained significantly elevated compared with those without diabetes. The diabetes cohort remained at increased risk of pancreatic cancer in later years, but followed a different pattern: HR 3.71 at 3 months-1 year, 2.94 at 1-2 years, 1.78 at 2-3 years and 1.65 at 3-10 years (p value for all <0.01). After an initial period of elevated risk, men with type 2 diabetes subsequently had a decreased risk of prostate cancer (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.76, 0.88). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION People with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of select cancers; this risk is particularly elevated at the time of diabetes onset, which is likely to be due to increased ascertainment.
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Shi Y, Wu G, Echtenkamp K, Candau R, Eastlake P, Legendre BJ, Richardson K. Development of a sensitive COLD-PCR method for the detection of the EGFR mutations in plasma or serum. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lin R, Woodford T, Wu G, Eastlake P, Candau R, Legendre BJ, Richardson K. High sensitivity detection and robust enrichment for PIK3CA somatic mutations using ice COLD-PCR technology. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wu G, Legendre BJ, Scott J, Peterson S, Echtenkamp K, Eastlake P, Richardson K. Use of BLOCker sequencing (blocking oligonucleotide cycle sequencing) after ice COLD-PCR for detection of K-RAS mutations. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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