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Kuemmerle-Deschner J, Hofer F, Endres T, Kortus-Goetze B, Blank N, Weißbarth-Riedel E, Schuetz C, Kallinich T, Krause K, Rietschel C, Horneff G, Benseler SM. Canakinumab treat-to target strategies increase complete response rate in CAPS. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015. [PMCID: PMC4599896 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-13-s1-p173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Meyer C, Gürtler D, Krause K, Freyer-Adam J, Ulbricht S, Bischof G, Rumpf HJ, Batra A, Stiegler A, Chenot JF, Grabe HJ, John U. Entwicklung und Evaluation einer computergestützten Beratung für Patienten mit gesundheitsriskantem Alkoholkonsum und depressiven Symptomen. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1562972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Krause K, Gürtler D, Bischof G, Rumpf HJ, Meyer C, John U. Verfügbarkeit von Internet-, computer- und smartphonebasierten Interventionen bei Depressionen. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1563048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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54
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Sanders D, Krause K, O'Muircheartaigh J, Thacker MA, Huggins JP, Vennart W, Massat NJ, Choy E, Williams SCR, Howard MA. Pharmacologic modulation of hand pain in osteoarthritis: a double-blind placebo-controlled functional magnetic resonance imaging study using naproxen. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:741-51. [PMID: 25533872 PMCID: PMC4365729 DOI: 10.1002/art.38987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In an attempt to shed light on management of chronic pain conditions, there has long been a desire to complement behavioral measures of pain perception with measures of underlying brain mechanisms. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we undertook this study to investigate changes in brain activity following the administration of naproxen or placebo in patients with pain related to osteoarthritis (OA) of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint. METHODS A placebo-controlled, double-blind, 2-period crossover study was performed in 19 individuals with painful OA of the CMC joint of the right hand. Following placebo or naproxen treatment periods, a functionally relevant task was performed, and behavioral measures of the pain experience were collected in identical fMRI examinations. Voxelwise and a priori region of interest analyses were performed to detect between-period differences in brain activity. RESULTS Significant reductions in brain activity following treatment with naproxen, compared to placebo, were observed in brain regions commonly associated with pain perception, including the bilateral primary somatosensory cortex, thalamus, and amygdala. Significant relationships between changes in perceived pain intensity and changes in brain activity were also observed in brain regions previously associated with pain intensity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the sensitivity of fMRI to detect the mechanisms underlying treatments of known efficacy. The data illustrate the enticing potential of fMRI as an adjunct to self-report for detecting early signals of efficacy of novel therapies, both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic, in small numbers of individuals with persistent pain.
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Krause K, Kranz M, Weiner J, Klöting N, Rijntjes E, Köhrle J, Zeisig V, Steinhoff K, Deuther-Conrad W, Fasshauer M, Stumvoll M, Sabri O, Blüher M, Hesse S, Brust P, Tönjes A. Influence of thyroid hormones on brown adipose tissue activity and browning of white adipose tissues in mice. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hankir M, Krause K, Tönjes A, Fenske WK, Sabri O, Hesse S, Steinhoff KG. Interaction of thyroid hormone with brown adipose tissue. Nuklearmedizin 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1616608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryBrown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in regulating core-body temperature in various species including man. [18F]FDGPET/ CT imaging first revealed the presence of metabolically active BAT depots and that decreased BAT function is associated with various metabolic conditions. Thyroid hormone (TH) in concert with sympathetic nervous system signalling (SNS) stimulates BAT thermogenesis and thyroid disorders result in dysfunctional BAT. Currently, research is focussing not only on BAT regulation but also on browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) to BAT beige adipose tissue (BeAT) in order to develop novel treatments for human obesity and related conditions. While [18F]FDG-PET/ CT imaging is continuing to provide valuable insights into BAT and BeAT function in health and disease, there is a pressing need to develop alternative radiotracers that reliably track their activity in vivo. As a result it is expected that preclinical micro PET/CT investigations of BAT and BeAT will gain in prominence.The aim of this short review is to i) describe fundamentals in BAT biology, ii) highlight some of the clinical and preclinical studies performed on humans and rodents with a focus on TH, BAT and PET/CT, and iii) bridge these data with our own studies within the DFG thyroid transact priority program.
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Steinhoff KG, Hankir M, Krause K, Tönjes A, Fenske WK, Sabri O, Hesse S. Interaction of thyroid hormone with brown adipose tissue. Lessons learned from PET-CT. Nuklearmedizin 2015; 54:82-87. [PMID: 26105715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in regulating core-body temperature in various species including man. [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging first revealed the presence of metabolically active BAT depots and that decreased BAT function is associated with various metabolic conditions. Thyroid hormone (TH) in concert with sympathetic nervous system signalling (SNS) stimulates BAT thermogenesis and thyroid disorders result in dysfunctional BAT. Currently, research is focussing not only on BAT regulation but also on browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) to BAT beige adipose tissue (BeAT) in order to develop novel treatments for human obesity and related conditions. While [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging is continuing to provide valuable insights into BAT and BeAT function in health and disease, there is a pressing need to develop alternative radiotracers that reliably track their activity in vivo. As a result it is expected that preclinical micro PET/CT investigations of BAT and BeAT will gain in prominence. The aim of this short review is to i) describe fundamentals in BAT biology, ii) highlight some of the clinical and preclinical studies performed on humans and rodents with a focus on TH, BAT and PET/CT, and iii) bridge these data with our own studies within the DFG thyroid transact priority program.
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O'Muircheartaigh J, Marquand A, Hodkinson DJ, Krause K, Khawaja N, Renton TF, Huggins JP, Vennart W, Williams SCR, Howard MA. Multivariate decoding of cerebral blood flow measures in a clinical model of on-going postsurgical pain. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:633-42. [PMID: 25307488 PMCID: PMC4322468 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports of multivariate machine learning (ML) techniques have highlighted their potential use to detect prognostic and diagnostic markers of pain. However, applications to date have focussed on acute experimental nociceptive stimuli rather than clinically relevant pain states. These reports have coincided with others describing the application of arterial spin labeling (ASL) to detect changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with on-going clinical pain. We combined these acquisition and analysis methodologies in a well-characterized postsurgical pain model. The principal aims were (1) to assess the classification accuracy of rCBF indices acquired prior to and following surgical intervention and (2) to optimise the amount of data required to maintain accurate classification. Twenty male volunteers, requiring bilateral, lower jaw third molar extraction (TME), underwent ASL examination prior to and following individual left and right TME, representing presurgical and postsurgical states, respectively. Six ASL time points were acquired at each exam. Each ASL image was preceded by visual analogue scale assessments of alertness and subjective pain experiences. Using all data from all sessions, an independent Gaussian Process binary classifier successfully discriminated postsurgical from presurgical states with 94.73% accuracy; over 80% accuracy could be achieved using half of the data (equivalent to 15 min scan time). This work demonstrates the concept and feasibility of time-efficient, probabilistic prediction of clinically relevant pain at the individual level. We discuss the potential of ML techniques to impact on the search for novel approaches to diagnosis, management, and treatment to complement conventional patient self-reporting.
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Krause K, Güttsches A, Maerkens A, Brady S, Tegenthoff M, Holton J, Marcus K, Vorgerd M, Kley R. G.P.64. Neuromuscul Disord 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Magerl M, Abajian M, Krause K, Altrichter S, Siebenhaar F, Church MK. An improved Peltier effect-based instrument for critical temperature threshold measurement in cold- and heat-induced urticaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:2043-5. [PMID: 25266078 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold- and heat-induced urticaria are chronic physical urticaria conditions in which wheals, angioedema or both are evoked by skin exposure to cold and heat respectively. The diagnostic work up of both conditions should include skin provocation tests and accurate determination of critical temperature thresholds (CTT) for producing symptoms in order to be able to predict the potential risk that each individual patient faces and how this may be ameliorated by therapy. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate TempTest(®) 4, a simple and relatively inexpensive instrument for the accurate determination of CTT which may be used in clinical practice. METHODS TempTest(®) 4 has a single 2 mm wide 350 mm U-shaped Peltier element generating a temperature gradient from 4 °C to 44 °C along its length. Using a clear plastic guide placed over the skin after provocation, CTT values may be determined with an accuracy of ±1 °C. Here, TempTest(®) 4 was compared with its much more expensive predecessor, TempTest(®) 3, in inducing wheals in 30 cold urticaria patients. RESULTS Both TempTest(®) 4 and TempTest(®) 3 induced wheals in all 30 patients between 8 ° and 28 °C. There was a highly significant (P < 0.0001) correlation between the instruments in the CTT values in individual patients. CONCLUSION The TempTest(®) 4 is a simple, easy to use, licensed, commercially available and affordable instrument for the determination of CTTs in both cold- and heat-induced urticaria.
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Gupta G, Wen Y, Akram M, Krause K, Brogi E, Powell S, Ho A, Petrini J. Low Mre11 Complex Expression Identifies a Subset of Triple Negative Breast Cancer With Excellent Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ho A, Morrow M, Krause K, Siu C, Mehrara B, Cordeiro P, Zhang Z, McCormick B, Powell S. The Effect of Radiation Timing in Breast Cancer Patients with Implant-Based Reconstruction. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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63
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Setton J, Morrow M, Lok B, Krause K, Chun S, Pei X, McCormick B, Powell S, Ho A. Impact of Approximated Biological Subtype on Locoregional Recurrence in Women With Node-Negative Breast Cancer Treated With Mastectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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64
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Krause K, Kranz M, Zeisig V, Klöting N, Steinhoff K, Deuther-Conrad W, Fasshauer M, Stumvoll M, Sabri O, Hesse S, Brust P, Tönjes A. The influence of thyroid dysfunction on the activity of brown adipose tissue in mice detected by [18F]FDG PET/MR. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gärling T, Krause K, Gamble A, Hartig T. Emotional well-being and time pressure. Psych J 2014; 3:132-43. [DOI: 10.1002/pchj.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Holz JB, Sargentini-Maier L, De Bruyn S, Gachályi B, Udvaros I, Rojkovich B, Bruk S, Sramek P, Korkosz M, Krause K, Schoen P, D’Artois J, Verschueren K, Willems W, De Swert K, Arold G. OP0043 Twenty-Four Weeks of Treatment with a Novel Anti-IL-6 Receptor Nanobody® (ALX-0061) Resulted in 84% ACR20 Improvement and 58% DAS28 Remission in a Phase I/Ii Study in RA. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hofer F, Endres T, Kortus-Götze B, Blank N, Weißbarth-Riedel E, Schütz C, Kallinich T, Krause K, Rietschel C, Horneff G, Kuemmerle-Deschner J. PReS-FINAL-2224: Canakinumab treatment regimens in CAPS-patients. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC4043406 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s2-p214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Endres T, Hofer F, Goldbach-Mansky R, Hoffman HM, Blank N, Krause K, Rietschel C, Horneff G, Lohse P, Kuemmerle-Deschner J. PW02-040 - Low-penetrance NLRP3 variants. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3952216 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s1-a181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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69
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Hofer F, Endres T, Kortus-Götze B, Blank N, Weißbarth-Riedel E, Schuetz C, Kallinich T, Krause K, Rietschel C, Horneff G, Kuemmerle-Deschner J. PW02-041 - Canakinumab treatment regimens in CAPS-patients. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3952126 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s1-a182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Weller K, Groffik A, Magerl M, Tohme N, Martus P, Krause K, Metz M, Staubach P, Maurer M. Development, validation, and initial results of the Angioedema Activity Score. Allergy 2013; 68:1185-92. [PMID: 23919330 DOI: 10.1111/all.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent angioedema (RecA) is a frequent clinical problem characterized by suddenly occurring cutaneous and/or mucosal swellings. Depending on their location, RecA may be painful, hindering, disfiguring, or even life-threatening. The assessment of disease activity in affected patients is important to guide treatment decisions. Currently, however, there is no standardized and validated outcome measure available to do so. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate the first specific patient-reported outcome instrument to assess disease activity in RecA patients, the Angioedema Activity Score (AAS). METHODS After a set of potential AAS items was developed, item evaluation and reduction were performed by means of impact analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis, and by checking for face validity. In addition, the items of the final AAS questionnaire were tested for their validity and reliability during a 12-week validation study. RESULTS In total, data from 110 and 80 RecA patients were used during the AAS item evaluation and validation phase, respectively. The resulting AAS consisted of five items and was found to have a one-dimensional structure and excellent internal consistency. It correlated well with other measures of disease activity and quality-of-life impairment, thus demonstrating its convergent validity. In addition, the known-groups validity and test-retest reliability of the AAS were found to be good. CONCLUSIONS The AAS is the first validated and reliable tool to determine disease activity in RecA patients, and it may serve as a valuable instrument in future clinical studies and routine patient care.
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Cremer-Bartels G, Gerding H, Krause K, Yektapour-Tabrizi M. Reduced Pterins of the Retina in Response to Light Exposure. Pteridines 2013. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines.1991.3.12.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Krause K, Zieger K, Kovacs P, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Heiker J. Proteomics als Tool der Identifizierung von Vaspin regulierten Signalwegen. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1347770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Krause K, Spohr A, Zuberbier T, Church MK, Maurer M. Up-dosing with bilastine results in improved effectiveness in cold contact urticaria. Allergy 2013; 68:921-8. [PMID: 23742030 PMCID: PMC3759706 DOI: 10.1111/all.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Cold contact urticaria (CCU) is characterized by itchy wheal and flare responses due to the release of histamine and other pro-inflammatory mediators after exposure to cold. The treatment of choice is nonsedating antihistamines, dosages of which may be increased up to fourfold if standard doses are ineffective. Here, we assess the effects of a standard 20 mg dose and up-dosing to 40 and 80 mg of bilastine in reducing the symptoms of CCU and inflammatory mediator release following cold challenge. Methods Twenty patients with CCU were included in this randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week study. They received placebo, 20, 40 or 80 mg of bilastine daily each for 7 days with 14-day washout periods. The primary readout was change in critical temperature thresholds (CTT). Secondary readouts were changes in pruritus, levels of histamine IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α collected by skin microdialysis and safety and tolerability of bilastine. Results Bilastine 20 mg was highly effective (P < 0.0001) in reducing CTT. Up-dosing to 80 mg significantly (P < 0.04) increased its effectiveness. At this dose, 19 of 20 (95%) patients responded to treatment, with 12 of 20 (60%) becoming symptom free. Only one patient was refractory to treatment. Microdialysis levels of histamine, IL-6 and IL-8 assessed 1–3 h after cold challenge were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased following up-dosing with 80 mg bilastine. Bilastine treat-ment was well tolerated without evidence of increased sedation with dose escala-tion. Conclusions Bilastine was effective in reducing the symptoms of patients with CCU. Increased efficacy of bilastine with fourfold up-dosing was without sedation and supports urticaria treatment guidelines.
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Siebenhaar F, Förtsch A, Krause K, Weller K, Metz M, Magerl M, Martus P, Church MK, Maurer M. Rupatadine improves quality of life in mastocytosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Allergy 2013; 68:949-52. [PMID: 23734572 DOI: 10.1111/all.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastocytosis is frequently associated with mast cell-mediated symptoms which require relieving medication. While second generation antihistamines (sgAHs) are the first line therapeutic strategy to treat mast cell mediator-related symptoms, controlled clinical trials on how they improve quality of life have not been performed. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial assessed rupatadine 20 mg daily in the treatment of mastocytosis symptoms in 30 adult patients. Symptoms were assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS) and symptom specific quality of life questionnaire (ItchyQoL). RESULTS The mean ItchyQoL total score and VAS symptom score were significantly improved in the rupatadine treatment phase compared with placebo. There were also significant reductions from placebo in the severity of itch, wheal and flare, flushing, tachycardia and headache but not gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In this first comprehensive trial of a sgAH in mastocytosis, rupatadine 20 mg daily for 4 weeks significantly controlled symptoms and improved patients' quality of life.
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Peterhansel C, Krause K, Braun HP, Espie GS, Fernie AR, Hanson DT, Keech O, Maurino VG, Mielewczik M, Sage RF. Engineering photorespiration: current state and future possibilities. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:754-758. [PMID: 23121076 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of flux through photorespiration has been viewed as a major way to improve crop carbon fixation and yield since the energy-consuming reactions associated with this pathway were discovered. This view has been supported by the biomasses increases observed in model species that expressed artificial bypass reactions to photorespiration. Here, we present an overview about the major current attempts to reduce photorespiratory losses in crop species and provide suggestions for future research priorities.
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