Structure of a novel sialooligosaccharide from the urine of a patient with mucolipidosis

A mannose-containing sialooligosaccharide has been isolated from the urine of a patient with a newly recognized mucolipidosis which showed a low liver beta-galactosidase activity and hyperglycopeptiduria. The chemical structure has been determined by glycosidase digestion, Smith degradation and permethylation studies. The following structure has been given for the oligosaccharide: NANAalpha2-6Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-2Manbeta1-3Manbeta1-4GlcNAc. This compound appears to be derived from an incomplete catabolism of glycoproteins with aspartylglucosylamine type side chains.

Micro determination of unsaturated disaccharide formed by the action of acidic glycosaminoglycan-endoeliminases. An application of the thiobarbituric acid method to the assay of D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid-containing disaccharides

An improved method is described for the micro determination of acidic glycosaminoglycans after digestion with chondroitinase-ABC and -AC. The determination is based on the color production of D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid-containing disaccharides produced by the action of chondroitinase-ABC and -AC (acidic glycosaminoglycans-endoeliminase) when the periodate-thiobarbituric acid method is applied to the alpha,beta-unsaturated disaccharides. Suitable conditions for the quantitative assay are described.

Influence of some anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agents on urinary enzyme level in rats

The influence of single oral dose of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agents on urinary enzymes was investigated in rats as a indicator of nephrotoxic effect. Urinary LDH activity was significantly elevated by aspirin, ketophenylbutazone, aminopyrine, phenacetin and acetaminophen. These drugs increased also H/M ratio of LDH isoenzymes. Although other test drugs have no effect on LDH in urine phenylbutazone and indomethacin elevated GPT and A1-P, oxyphenbutazone did gamma-GT and anthranilic acid derivatives did Al-P and gamma-GT. Other drugs such as sodium salicylate, ibufenac, ibuprofen, bucolome, aminopropylone, sulfinpyrazone, benzydamine and mepirizole did not significantly influence any enzyme activities measured in urine.

Anti-convulsant effect of phthalazino-2,3b-phthalazine-5(14H),12(7h)-dione (L-5418). I. Behavioral effect

Since it had been demonstrated that L5418 has an anti-convulsant effect with no relation to its anti-inflammatory properties, comparative studies were carried out with the use of currently available anti-convulsant agents as controls. L-5418 inhibited tonic convulsions induced by maximal electroshock and strychinine in mice and prevented animals from the death sequence. L-5418 had an inhibitory effect on tonic convulsions induced by pentetrazol and N-sulfamoyl-hexahydroazepine (SaH 41-178), but not on clonic convulsions by those compounds at even a high dosage or on clonic convulsions induced by picrotoxin and bemegride. Trimethadione produced an inhibitory effect on both tonic and clonic convulsions. The hypnotic agents, phenobarbital and glutethimide inhibited both convulsions, but a higher dose was required in the case of clonic convulsions. Anti-convulsant agents are classified into three different groups according to their mode of action. L-5418 had the same mode of action as seen with diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine. As L-5418 did not inhibit tremor induced by tremorine, an anti-Parkinson effect was ruled out. When L-5418 was administered alone, the animals did not lose the righting reflex nor show muscle relaxation observed in inclined screen and rotarod tests. Moreover, the compound had no influence on the aggressive behavior induced by electrical stimulation or olfactory bulb ablation. L-5418 possesses a selective anti-convulsant effect, yet has no sedative, tranquilizing or disturbing effects on movement such as equilibrium disturbance or muscle relaxation. L-5418 may prove useful for grand mal epilepsy as it is less toxic than diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine.

Anti-convulsant effect of phthalazino-[2,3b]-phthalazine-5(14H), 12(7H)-dione (L-5418). II. Electroencephalographic study

L-5418 has an anti-convulsant effect which is similar to that of diphenylhydantoin. The effects of L-5418 on EEG activity in rabbits with acute and chronic implantation of electrodes were studied in comparison with those of currently available anti-convulsants. Intravenous administration of L-5418 increased a slow-wave sleep pattern in the spontaneous EEG, which was also induced by diphenylhydantoin. With respect to the focal seizure in the cerebral cortex induced by local application of penicillin, L-5418 showed suppressive effects on the frequency and duration of seizure discharge, and on the spread of seizure discharge to other parts of the brain. The efficacy was about twice that of diphenylhydantoin. L-5418 and dephenylhydantoin did not increase the threshold of seizures induced by bemegride while trimethadione raised the threshold. L-5418 also showed suppressive effects twice as active as diphenylhydantoin on after-discharge induced by electrical stimulation of the hippocampus and amygdala. This suppressive effect on after-discharge of the limbic system may be parallel with the suppressive effect on psychomotor seizure. From these results of L-5418 on an experimental model of epilepsy, it is suggested that L-5418 has suppressive effects similar to that of diphenylhydantoin on convulsion and the efficacy proved to be twice that of diphenylhydantoin in the EEG study.

A convenient method for the isolation of 3'-sialyllactose from normal human urine

A simple method for the preparation of 3'-sialyllactose from normal human urine is described. The method for the collection of sialooligosaccharides is based on adsorption on charcoal followed by elution with a mixture of ethanol, pyridine, and water. The sialooligosaccharide mixture is then fractionated by means of gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 and the low molecular weight fraction is further fractionated on Dowex 1 (eluted with pyridinium acetate) to give five fractions. The last fraction contains almost pure 3'-sialyllactose.

[Interactions between 6-chloro-5-cyclohexyl-1-indancarboxylic acid (TAI-284) and biopolymers (author's transl)]

TAI-284, a new non-steroidal acidic analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent was investigated and the interactions with biopolymers were compared with those of indomethacin (IMC) and ibuprofen (IP). TAI-284 inhibited the heat denaturation of bovine serum albumin at pH 5.3, similar to that seen with IMC and weaker than that seen with phenylbutazone. TAI-284 prevented the rat erythrocyte from heat-induced hemolysis and was twice as potent as IMC. TAI-284 produced alterations in platelet function as characterized by loss of secondary aggregation in response to ADP and inhibition of aggregation by collagen. Both these effects were one fifth as potent as those seen with IMC. In rats, platelet aggregation induced by collagen and secondary ADP aggregation was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by a single oral administration of TAI-284. The inhibitory activity was approximately one fourth that of IMC or twice that of IP in the former and in the latter one fifth that of IMC or similar as that of IP. These results suggest that the essential feature of TAI-284 is its potent membrane stabilizing action which is considered to be an necessary mechanism in the action of anti-inflammatory drugs. It is considered that TAI-284 may be less active than IMC in inhibiting prostaglandin biosynthesis in platelets.

[Studies on computer analysis of multi-frame renal images--multiple regional renograms and functional images (author's transl)]

A method of making the multiple regional renograms and simple functional images are described. Thirty-six EDTA (or DTPA) images has been transferred from a gamma camera to a small computer with the magnetic tape. Thirteen regional renograms from a kidney have been made by using the single pixel ROIs from these images, a continuous 13 pixels horizontal and/or vertical of the matrix are selected, in distinction from right and left kidney. Two functional images have been made by the multi-frame images as a peak arrival time and it's peak counts. Small change of the radioisotopic transportation in the kidney could be observed by the method, and change of the urodynamics could be extracted by two functional images. It will be actualize quantitative diagnosis to the renal function disorders.

[Anti-inflammatory property of 6-chloro-5-cyclohexyl-1-indancarboxylic acid (TAI-284) (author's transl)]

Anti-inflammatory activity and the mode of action of TAI-284 were investigated in animal models and compared with the activities of indomethacin. TAI-28 inhibited the increased vascular permeability in rats and mice which is the primary stage of inflammatory process, but the activity was less than that of indomethacin. The compound was as active as indomethacin in inhibiting acute rat paw edema induced by carrageenin and fracture. Furthermore, in the inhibitory effects on ultraviolet erythema in guinea pigs, durable paw edema induced by mustard and wound healing in rats, TAI-284 showed the same or more potent activity than indomethacin. Therefore, TAI-284 proved to have the same anti-inflammatory activity as indomethacin. TAI-284 protected rabbits from sudden death caused by intravenous injection of arachidonic acid, but the activity was about one twentieth less than that of indomethacin. The anti-inflammatory action of TAI-284 was derived from the mode of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, judging from the effects on ultraviolet erythema and death by arachidonic acid. On the other hand, the compound was more potent on secondary or thema and death by arachidonic acid. On the other hand, the compound was more potent on secondary or late stage than on primary stage of inflammation, and to some extent showed the mode of action seen with steroid antiinflammatory drugs. TAI-284 displayed marked inhibitory activity on nystatin induced paw edema in rats. It is suggested that the antinflammatory action of TAI-284 may be due to the lysosomal stabilizing effect.

[Pharmacological studies of ketoprofen (19583RP) III. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic actions in subcutaneous administration (author's transl)]

It has been already reported that ketoprofen (KP) has a potent anti-inflammatory action comparable to indomethacin, but with oral administration, gastric mucous membrane disturbances occur. In the present work, we administered the Na salt of KP (KP-Na) subcutaneously and found that the anti-inflammatory action was more potent in subacute and chronic inflammations than in the acute one. As an acidic compound, KP-Na had a relatively potent analgesic-antipyretic action and a medical efficacy comparable to the usual non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs given orally. The efficacy in case of subcutaneous administration was 2 to 3 times stronger over both acute and chronic inflammations than in case of oral administration. On the other hand, the gastric mucous membrane disturbance was decreased to about 1/3 in case of subcutaneous administration, thus the gastric disturbance could be abated and the medical efficacy can be increased when KP-Na is given subcutaneously. As KP-Na was less irritative at the injection site, the compound could be used clinically for a subcutaneous administration.

[The clinical effect of antibiotics in the macrolide family on bronchial asthma. Non-antimicrobial actions of oleandomycin [author's transl)]

Non-antimicrobial actions of oleandomycin (triacetyloleandomycin and oleandomycin phosphate) were studied in patients with bronchial asthma. Twenty-one cases of the disease without associating infections entered the study, and they were given 750mg of oleandomycin or triacetryloleandomycin in three divided doses daily for two weeks. Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings were compared to assess the effectiveness of the antibiotic therapy between the three 2-week periods before, during and after the therapy. Improvements in clinical manifestations were attained in 11 of 21 cases (52.3%), and last after discontinuance of the therapy in 8(38.1%). The blood level of 11-OHCS as determined by the Demoorr's fluorescence method increased by greater than 20% at the end of thearpy in 7 of 18 cases (38.9%). In 5 of the 7 cases favorable responses were seen clinically to the oleandomycin therapy. The serum IgE level determined by the radioimmunosorbent test was compared before and after the therapy to reveal that oleandomycin caused decrease of IgE in 10 and increase in 9 of 20 cases examined. The oleandomycin therapy resulted increases by greater than 20% of the vital capacity and FEV 1.0 in 2 and 3, respectively, of 15 cases. Jaundice in association with elevations of the GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase developed in one patient, and generalized skin eruption in another. Both of these cases were given triacetyloleandomycin.

[Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic actions of 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-3-N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl-5-methoxypyrazole (PZ-177)]

We have reported that PZ-177 was found to have potent inhibitory activity on acute inflammatory edema. In this paper, the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of PZ-177 were assessed by a battery of standard tests. PZ-177 inhibited the increased vascular permeability induced by histamine, xylene and acetic acid. The activity was the same as the anti-edematous one and was more potent than that of mepirizole. PZ-177 did not inhibit ultraviolet erythema in guinea pigs, proliferation of granulation tissue in cotton pellet and granuloma pouch tests of rats and adjuvant arthritis in rats. Wound healing was not prolonged and the agent was weak in ulcerogenic action. PZ-177 did not affect heat denaturation of bovine serum albumin at pH 5.3, but inhibited hyperthermic hemolysis at pH 7.4 and exerted a stabilizing effect on biological membranes. This is considered to be one of the mechanisms of action. When analgesic action was tested by the writhing and Haffner's methods in mice, the compound revealed a more potent activity than did mepirizole and aminopyrine. Utilizing the Randall-Selitto's analgesic method in rats, a significant rise in pain threshold was obtained only at the inflamed foot. The antipyretic action was less than aminopyrine in febrile rabbits. From the above results, PZ-177 may be classified as a potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent but has no effect on proliferation of granulation tissue and chronic inflammatory disease.

[Anti-edematous action of 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-3-N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl-5-methoxypyrazole (PZ-177)]

From the screening of a number of new pyrazole derivatives, the title compound, PZ-177, was selected as the most significant derivative for analgestic and anti-edematous actions, in this paper, we report the anti-edematous activity of PZ-177 as assessed by detailed analysis. PZ-177 showed a markedly inhibitory effect against rat paw edema induced by various phlogists (carragenin, dextran, egg albumin, serotonin, formalin and bradykinin). It also inhibited edema induced by anti-rat rabbit serum. The activity of PZ-177 was more potent than that of mepirizole and the same as that of phenylbutazone. Though this agent has a central depressive effect, it is considered that the action has actually little influence on anti-edematous effect, as carrageenin-induced edema was inhibited in spinal rats. On the other hand, the anti-edematous effect of PZ-177 was reduced significantly in adrenalectomized rats. It is therefore suggested that the potent anti-edematous action of PZ-177 is exerted partially by a direct action at the inflamed site and mediated partially by stimulation of the hypophysis-adrenal system.