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Tijero Cavia J, Schubert A, Van Uffelen P, Pöml P, Brémier S, Somers J, Seidl M, Macián-Juan R. The TRANSURANUS burn-up model for thorium fuels under LWR conditions. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li J, Rochman D, Vasiliev A, Ferroukhi H, Herrero J, Pautz A, Seidl M, Janin D. Bowing effects on isotopic concentrations for simplified PWR assemblies and full cores. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gharun K, Senges J, Seidl M, Lösslein A, Kolter J, Lohrmann F, Fliegauf M, Elgizouli M, Alber M, Vavra M, Schachtrup K, Illert AL, Gilleron M, Kirschning CJ, Triantafyllopoulou A, Henneke P. Mycobacteria exploit nitric oxide-induced transformation of macrophages into permissive giant cells. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:2144-2159. [PMID: 29097394 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity to mycobacteria involves the formation of granulomas, characterized by a unique macrophage (MΦ) species, so-called multinucleated giant cells (MGC). It remains unresolved whether MGC are beneficial to the host, that is, by prevention of bacterial spread, or whether they promote mycobacterial persistence. Here, we show that the prototypical antimycobacterial molecule nitric oxide (NO), which is produced by MGC in excessive amounts, is a double-edged sword. Next to its antibacterial capacity, NO propagates the transformation of MΦ into MGC, which are relatively permissive for mycobacterial persistence. The mechanism underlying MGC formation involves NO-induced DNA damage and impairment of p53 function. Moreover, MGC have an unsurpassed potential to engulf mycobacteria-infected apoptotic cells, which adds a further burden to their antimycobacterial capacity. Accordingly, mycobacteria take paradoxical advantage of antimicrobial cellular efforts by driving effector MΦ into a permissive MGC state.
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Speckmann C, Sahoo SS, Rizzi M, Hirabayashi S, Karow A, Serwas NK, Hoemberg M, Damatova N, Schindler D, Vannier JB, Boulton SJ, Pannicke U, Göhring G, Thomay K, Verdu-Amoros JJ, Hauch H, Woessmann W, Escherich G, Laack E, Rindle L, Seidl M, Rensing-Ehl A, Lausch E, Jandrasits C, Strahm B, Schwarz K, Ehl SR, Niemeyer C, Boztug K, Wlodarski MW. Corrigendum: Clinical and Molecular Heterogeneity of RTEL1 Deficiency. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1250. [PMID: 28989339 PMCID: PMC5630696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Minguet S, Kläsener K, Schaffer AM, Fiala GJ, Osteso-Ibánez T, Raute K, Navarro-Lérida I, Hartl FA, Seidl M, Reth M, Del Pozo MA. Caveolin-1-dependent nanoscale organization of the BCR regulates B cell tolerance. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:1150-1159. [PMID: 28805811 PMCID: PMC5608079 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav1) regulates the nanoscale organization and compartmentalization of the plasma membrane. Here we found that Cav1 controlled the distribution of nanoclusters of isotype-specific B cell antigen receptors (BCRs) on the surface of B cells. In mature B cells stimulated with antigen, the immunoglobulin M BCR (IgM-BCR) gained access to lipid domains enriched for GM1 glycolipids, by a process that was dependent on the phosphorylation of Cav1 by the Src family of kinases. Antigen-induced reorganization of nanoclusters of IgM-BCRs and IgD-BCRs regulated BCR signaling in vivo. In immature Cav1-deficient B cells, altered nanoscale organization of IgM-BCRs resulted in a failure of receptor editing and a skewed repertoire of B cells expressing immunoglobulin-μ heavy chains with hallmarks of poly- and auto-reactivity, which ultimately led to autoimmunity in mice. Thus, Cav1 emerges as a cell-intrinsic regulator that prevents B cell-induced autoimmunity by means of its role in plasma-membrane organization.
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Tegtmeyer D, Seidl M, Gerner P, Baumann U, Klemann C. Inflammatory bowel disease caused by primary immunodeficiencies-Clinical presentations, review of literature, and proposal of a rational diagnostic algorithm. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2017; 28:412-429. [PMID: 28513998 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis have a multifactorial pathogenesis with complex interactions between polygenetic predispositions and environmental factors. However, IBD can also be caused by monogenic diseases, such as primary immunodeficiencies (PID). Recently, an increasing number of these altogether rare diseases have been described to present often primarily, or solely, as IBD. Early recognition of these conditions enables adaption of therapies and thus directly benefits the course of IBDs. Here, we discuss the different clinical presentations in IBD and characteristic features of patient's history, clinical findings, and diagnostic results indicative for a causative PID. Possible predictors are early onset of disease, necessity of parenteral nutrition, failure to respond to standard immunosuppressive therapy, parental consanguinity, increased susceptibility for infections, certain histopathologic findings, and blood tests that are atypical for classic IBD. We illustrate this with exemplary case studies of IBD due to NEMO deficiency, chronic granulomatous disease, common variable immunodeficiency, CTLA-4 and LRBA deficiency. Taking these factors into account, we propose a diagnostic pathway to enable early diagnosis of IBD due to PID.
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Dornhof R, Maschowski C, Osipova A, Gieré R, Seidl M, Merfort I, Humar M. Stress fibers, autophagy and necrosis by persistent exposure to PM2.5 from biomass combustion. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180291. [PMID: 28671960 PMCID: PMC5495337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can adversely affect human health. Emissions from residential energy sources have the largest impact on premature mortality globally, but their pathological and molecular implications on cellular physiology are still elusive. In the present study potential molecular consequences were investigated during long-term exposure of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to PM2.5, collected from a biomass power plant. Initially, we observed that PM2.5 did not affect cellular survival or proliferation. However, it triggered an activation of the stress response p38 MAPK which, along with RhoA GTPase and HSP27, mediated morphological changes in BEAS-2B cells, including actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and paracellular gap formation. The p38 inhibitor SB203580 prevented phosphorylation of HSP27 and ameliorated morphological changes. During an intermediate phase of long-term exposure, PM2.5 triggered proliferative regression and activation of an adaptive stress response necessary to maintain energy homeostasis, including AMPK, repression of translational elongation, and autophagy. Finally, accumulation of intracellular PM2.5 promoted lysosomal destabilization and cell death, which was dependent on lysosomal hydrolases and p38 MAPK, but not on the inflammasome and pyroptosis. TEM images revealed formation of protrusions and cellular internalization of PM2.5, induction of autophagosomes, amphisomes, autophagosome-lysosomal fusion, multiple compartmental fusion, lysosomal burst, swollen mitochondria and finally necrosis. In consequence, persistent exposure to PM2.5 may impair epithelial barriers and reduce regenerative capacity. Hence, our results contribute to a better understanding of PM-associated lung and systemic diseases on the basis of molecular events.
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Unger S, Seidl M, van Schouwenburg P, Rakhmanov M, Bulashevska A, Frede N, Grimbacher B, Pfeiffer J, Schrenk K, Munoz L, Hanitsch L, Stumpf I, Kaiser F, Hausmann O, Kollert F, Goldacker S, van der Burg M, Keller B, Warnatz K. The T H1 phenotype of follicular helper T cells indicates an IFN-γ-associated immune dysregulation in patients with CD21low common variable immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:730-740. [PMID: 28554560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subgroup of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) experience immune dysregulation manifesting as autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, and organ inflammation and thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. Therefore treatment of these complications demands a deeper comprehension of their cause and pathophysiology. OBJECTIVES On the basis of the identification of an interferon signature in patients with CVID with secondary complications and a skewed follicular helper T-cell differentiation in defined monogenic immunodeficiencies, we sought to determine the profile of CD4 memory T cells in blood and secondary lymphatic tissues of these patients. METHODS We quantified TH1/TH2/TH17 CD4 memory T cells in blood and lymph nodes of patients with CVID using flow cytometry, analyzed their function, and correlated all findings to the burden of immune dysregulation. RESULTS Patients with CVID with immune dysregulation had a skewed memory CD4 T-cell differentiation toward a CXCR3+CCR6- TH1 phenotype both in blood and lymph nodes. Consistent with our phenotypic findings, we observed a higher IFN-γ production in peripheral CD4 memory T cells and lymph node-derived follicular helper T cells of patients with CVID compared with those of healthy control subjects. Increased IFN-γ production was accompanied by a poor germinal center output, an accumulation of T-box transcription factor (T-bet)+ B cells in lymph nodes, and an accumulation of T-bet+CD21low B cells in peripheral blood of affected patients. CONCLUSION Identification of excessive IFN-γ production by blood and lymph node-derived T cells of patients with CVID with immune dysregulation will offer new therapeutic avenues for this subgroup. CD21low B cells might serve as a marker of this IFN-γ-associated dysregulation.
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Speckmann C, Sahoo SS, Rizzi M, Hirabayashi S, Karow A, Serwas NK, Hoemberg M, Damatova N, Schindler D, Vannier JB, Boulton SJ, Pannicke U, Göhring G, Thomay K, Verdu-Amoros JJ, Hauch H, Woessmann W, Escherich G, Laack E, Rindle L, Seidl M, Rensing-Ehl A, Lausch E, Jandrasits C, Strahm B, Schwarz K, Ehl SR, Niemeyer C, Boztug K, Wlodarski MW. Clinical and Molecular Heterogeneity of RTEL1 Deficiency. Front Immunol 2017; 8:449. [PMID: 28507545 PMCID: PMC5410638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical features of dyskeratosis congenita (DC) resulting from excessive telomere shortening include bone marrow failure (BMF), mucosal fragility, and pulmonary or liver fibrosis. In more severe cases, immune deficiency and recurring infections can add to disease severity. RTEL1 deficiency has recently been described as a major genetic etiology, but the molecular basis and clinical consequences of RTEL1-associated DC are incompletely characterized. We report our observations in a cohort of six patients: five with novel biallelic RTEL1 mutations p.Trp456Cys, p.Ile425Thr, p.Cys1244ProfsX17, p.Pro884_Gln885ins53X13, and one with novel heterozygous mutation p.Val796AlafsX4. The most unifying features were hypocellular BMF in 6/6 and B-/NK-cell lymphopenia in 5/6 patients. In addition, three patients with homozygous mutations p.Trp456Cys or p.Ile425Thr also suffered from immunodeficiency, cerebellar hypoplasia, and enteropathy, consistent with Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome. Chromosomal breakage resembling a homologous recombination defect was detected in patient-derived fibroblasts but not in hematopoietic compartment. Notably, in both cellular compartments, differential expression of 1243aa and 1219/1300aa RTEL1 isoforms was observed. In fibroblasts, response to ionizing irradiation and non-homologous end joining were not impaired. Telomeric circles did not accumulate in patient-derived primary cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines, implying alternative pathomechanisms for telomeric loss. Overall, RTEL1-deficient cells exhibited a phenotype of replicative exhaustion, spontaneous apoptosis and senescence. Specifically, CD34+ cells failed to expand in vitro, B-cell development was compromised, and T-cells did not proliferate in long-term culture. Finally, we report on the natural history and outcome of our patients. While two patients died from infections, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) resulted in sustained engraftment in two patients. Whether chemotherapy negatively impacts on the course and onset of other DC-related symptoms remains open at present. Early-onset lung disease occurred in one of our patients after HSCT. In conclusion, RTEL deficiency can show a heterogeneous clinical picture ranging from mild hypocellular BMF with B/NK cell lymphopenia to early-onset, very severe, and rapidly progressing cellular deficiency.
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Herrtwich L, Nanda I, Evangelou K, Nikolova T, Horn V, Sagar, Erny D, Stefanowski J, Rogell L, Klein C, Gharun K, Follo M, Seidl M, Kremer B, Münke N, Senges J, Fliegauf M, Aschman T, Pfeifer D, Sarrazin S, Sieweke MH, Wagner D, Dierks C, Haaf T, Ness T, Zaiss MM, Voll RE, Deshmukh SD, Prinz M, Goldmann T, Hölscher C, Hauser AE, Lopez-Contreras AJ, Grün D, Gorgoulis V, Diefenbach A, Henneke P, Triantafyllopoulou A. DNA Damage Signaling Instructs Polyploid Macrophage Fate in Granulomas. Cell 2016; 167:1264-1280.e18. [PMID: 28084216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Granulomas are immune cell aggregates formed in response to persistent inflammatory stimuli. Granuloma macrophage subsets are diverse and carry varying copy numbers of their genomic information. The molecular programs that control the differentiation of such macrophage populations in response to a chronic stimulus, though critical for disease outcome, have not been defined. Here, we delineate a macrophage differentiation pathway by which a persistent Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 signal instructs polyploid macrophage fate by inducing replication stress and activating the DNA damage response. Polyploid granuloma-resident macrophages formed via modified cell divisions and mitotic defects and not, as previously thought, by cell-to-cell fusion. TLR2 signaling promoted macrophage polyploidy and suppressed genomic instability by regulating Myc and ATR. We propose that, in the presence of persistent inflammatory stimuli, pathways previously linked to oncogene-initiated carcinogenesis instruct a long-lived granuloma-resident macrophage differentiation program that regulates granulomatous tissue remodeling.
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Concepcion AR, Vaeth M, Wagner LE, Eckstein M, Hecht L, Yang J, Crottes D, Seidl M, Shin HP, Weidinger C, Cameron S, Turvey SE, Issekutz T, Meyts I, Lacruz RS, Cuk M, Yule DI, Feske S. Store-operated Ca2+ entry regulates Ca2+-activated chloride channels and eccrine sweat gland function. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4303-4318. [PMID: 27721237 DOI: 10.1172/jci89056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eccrine sweat glands are essential for sweating and thermoregulation in humans. Loss-of-function mutations in the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel genes ORAI1 and STIM1 abolish store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), and patients with these CRAC channel mutations suffer from anhidrosis and hyperthermia at high ambient temperatures. Here we have shown that CRAC channel-deficient patients and mice with ectodermal tissue-specific deletion of Orai1 (Orai1K14Cre) or Stim1 and Stim2 (Stim1/2K14Cre) failed to sweat despite normal sweat gland development. SOCE was absent in agonist-stimulated sweat glands from Orai1K14Cre and Stim1/2K14Cre mice and human sweat gland cells lacking ORAI1 or STIM1 expression. In Orai1K14Cre mice, abolishment of SOCE was associated with impaired chloride secretion by primary murine sweat glands. In human sweat gland cells, SOCE mediated by ORAI1 was necessary for agonist-induced chloride secretion and activation of the Ca2+-activated chloride channel (CaCC) anoctamin 1 (ANO1, also known as TMEM16A). By contrast, expression of TMEM16A, the water channel aquaporin 5 (AQP5), and other regulators of sweat gland function was normal in the absence of SOCE. Our findings demonstrate that Ca2+ influx via store-operated CRAC channels is essential for CaCC activation, chloride secretion, and sweat production in humans and mice.
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Seidl M, Da G, Ausset P, Haenn S, Géhin E, Moulin L. Evaluating exposure of pedestrians to airborne contaminants associated with non-potable water use for pavement cleaning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6091-6101. [PMID: 26233734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and increasing demography press local authorities to look after affordable water resources and replacement of drinking water for city necessities like street and pavement cleaning by more available raw water. Though, the substitution of drinking by non-drinking resources demands the evaluation of sanitary hazards. This article aims therefore to evaluate the contribution of cleaning water to the overall exposure of city dwellers in case of wet pavement cleaning using crossed physical, chemical and biological approaches. The result of tracer experiments with fluorescein show that liquid water content of the cleaning aerosol produced is about 0.24 g m(-3), rending possible a fast estimation of exposure levels. In situ analysis of the aerosol particles indicates a significant increase in particle number concentration and particle diameter, though without change in particle composition. The conventional bacterial analysis using total coliforms as tracer suggests that an important part of the contamination is issued from the pavement. The qPCR results show a more than 20-fold increase of background genome concentration for Escherichia coli and 10-fold increase for Enterococcus but a negligible contribution of the cleaning water. The fluorescence analysis of the cleaning aerosol confirms the above findings identifying pavement surface as the major contributor to aerosol organic load. The physical, chemical and microbiological approaches used make it possible to describe accurately the cleaning bioaerosol and to identify the existence of significantly higher levels of all parameters studied during the wet pavement cleaning. Though, the low level of contamination and the very short time of passage of pedestrian in the zone do not suggest a significant risk for the city dwellers. As the cleaning workers remain much longer in the impacted area, more attention should be paid to their chronic exposure.
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Schepp J, Bulashevska A, Mannhardt-Laakmann W, Cao H, Yang F, Seidl M, Kelly S, Hershfield M, Grimbacher B. Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 Causes Antibody Deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:179-86. [PMID: 26922074 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Determining the monogenic cause of antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation in a non-consanguineous family with healthy parents, two affected children, and one unaffected child. METHODS Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was performed in the index family. WES results were confirmed by Sanger Sequencing. Dried plasma spots of the male patient and his mother were analyzed for ADA2 enzymatic activity. RESULTS Following data analysis of WES, we found a compound heterozygous mutation in CECR1 (encoding adenosine deaminase 2, ADA2) that segregated in the two affected children. Enzyme activity measurement confirmed a severely diminished ADA2 activity in our patient. The 32 year old index patient was suffering from recurrent respiratory infections and was previously diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), showing no signs of vasculitis. His sister had a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like phenotype and died at age 17. CONCLUSIONS Deficiency of ADA2 (DADA2) has been reported to cause vasculopathy and early-onset stroke. Our case suggests that it should also be considered when evaluating patients with antibody deficiencies and immune dysregulation syndromes.
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Holt L, Rohde U, Kliem S, Baier S, Seidl M, Van Uffelen P, Macián-Juan R. Investigation of feedback on neutron kinetics and thermal hydraulics from detailed online fuel behavior modeling during a boron dilution transient in a PWR with the two-way coupled code system DYN3D-TRANSURANUS. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zschiedrich S, Jänigen B, Dimova D, Neumann A, Seidl M, Hils S, Geyer M, Emmerich F, Kirste G, Drognitz O, Hopt UT, Walz G, Huber TB, Pisarski P, Kramer-Zucker A. One hundred ABO-incompatible kidney transplantations between 2004 and 2014: a single-centre experience. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:663-71. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Wuttke M, Seidl M, Malinoc A, Prischl FC, Kuehn EW, Walz G, Köttgen A. A COL4A5 mutation with glomerular disease and signs of chronic thrombotic microangiopathy. Clin Kidney J 2015; 8:690-4. [PMID: 26613025 PMCID: PMC4655797 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfv091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
COL4A5 mutations are a known cause of Alport syndrome, which typically manifests with haematuria, hearing loss and ocular symptoms. Here we report on a 16-year-old male patient with a negative family history who presented with proteinuria, progressive renal failure and haemolysis, but without overt haematuria or hearing loss. A renal biopsy revealed features of atypical IgA nephropathy, while a second biopsy a year later showed features of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, but was finally diagnosed as chronic thrombotic microangiopathy. Targeted sequencing of candidate genes for steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and congenital thrombotic microangiopathy was negative. Despite all therapeutic efforts, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, immunosuppressive therapy, plasma exchanges and rituximab, the patient progressed to end-stage renal disease. When a male cousin presented with nephrotic syndrome years later, whole-exome sequencing identified a shared disruptive COL4A5 mutation (p.F222C) that showed X-linked segregation. Thus, mutations in COL4A5 give rise to a broader spectrum of clinical presentation than commonly suspected, highlighting the benefits of comprehensive rather than candidate genetic testing in young patients with otherwise unexplained glomerular disease. Our results are in line with an increasing number of atypical presentations of single-gene disorders identified through genome-wide sequencing.
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Fiala GJ, Janowska I, Prutek F, Hobeika E, Satapathy A, Sprenger A, Plum T, Seidl M, Dengjel J, Reth M, Cesca F, Brummer T, Minguet S, Schamel WWA. Kidins220/ARMS binds to the B cell antigen receptor and regulates B cell development and activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1693-708. [PMID: 26324445 PMCID: PMC4577850 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fiala et al. report that Kidins220/ARMS is a novel interactor of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and its deletion impairs B cell development and B cell functioning. B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling is critical for B cell development and activation. Using mass spectrometry, we identified a protein kinase D–interacting substrate of 220 kD (Kidins220)/ankyrin repeat–rich membrane-spanning protein (ARMS) as a novel interaction partner of resting and stimulated BCR. Upon BCR stimulation, the interaction increases in a Src kinase–independent manner. By knocking down Kidins220 in a B cell line and generating a conditional B cell–specific Kidins220 knockout (B-KO) mouse strain, we show that Kidins220 couples the BCR to PLCγ2, Ca2+, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) signaling. Consequently, BCR-mediated B cell activation was reduced in vitro and in vivo upon Kidins220 deletion. Furthermore, B cell development was impaired at stages where pre-BCR or BCR signaling is required. Most strikingly, λ light chain–positive B cells were reduced sixfold in the B-KO mice, genetically placing Kidins220 in the PLCγ2 pathway. Thus, our data indicate that Kidins220 positively regulates pre-BCR and BCR functioning.
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Köster KW, Fuentes-Landete V, Raidt A, Seidl M, Gainaru C, Loerting T, Böhmer R. Dynamics enhanced by HCl doping triggers full Pauling entropy release at the ice XII-XIV transition. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7349. [PMID: 26076946 PMCID: PMC4490580 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pressure–temperature phase diagram of ice displays a perplexing variety of
structurally distinct phases. In the century-long history of scientific research on
ice, the proton-ordered ice phases numbered XIII through XV were discovered only
recently. Despite considerable effort, none of the transitions leading from the
low-temperature ordered ices VIII, IX, XI, XIII, XIV and XV to their
high-temperature disordered counterparts were experimentally found to display the
full Pauling entropy. Here we report calorimetric measurements on suitably
high-pressure-treated, hydrogen chloride-doped ice XIV that demonstrate at the maximum 60% of
the Pauling entropy is released at the transition to ice XII. Dielectric spectroscopy on undoped and on variously doped ice XII crystals reveals that addition of hydrogen chloride, the agent triggering
complete proton order in ice XIV, enhances the precursor dynamics strongest. These
discoveries provide new insights into the puzzling observation that different
dopants trigger the formation of different proton-ordered ice phases. The preparation of fully proton-ordered ice phases remains challenging
and residual entropy usually remains even at the absolute zero. Here, the authors
achieve a transition from disordered ice XII to fully ordered ice XIV triggered by HCl
doping, which enhances proton transfer dynamics by five orders of magnitude.
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Feuerstein R, Seidl M, Prinz M, Henneke P. MyD88 in macrophages is critical for abscess resolution in staphylococcal skin infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2735-45. [PMID: 25681348 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
When Staphylococcus aureus penetrates the epidermis and reaches the dermis, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMLs) accumulate and an abscess is formed. However, the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate initiation and termination of inflammation in skin infection are incompletely understood. In human myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) deficiency, staphylococcal skin and soft tissue infections are a leading and potentially life-threatening problem. In this study, we found that MyD88-dependent sensing of S. aureus by dermal macrophages (Mϕ) contributes to both timely escalation and termination of PML-mediated inflammation in a mouse model of staphylococcal skin infection. Mϕs were key to recruit PML within hours in response to staphylococci, irrespective of bacterial viability. In contrast with bone marrow-derived Mϕs, dermal Mϕs did not require UNC-93B or TLR2 for activation. Moreover, PMLs, once recruited, were highly activated in an MyD88-independent fashion, yet failed to clear the infection if Mϕs were missing or functionally impaired. In normal mice, clearance of the infection and contraction of the PML infiltrate were accompanied by expansion of resident Mϕs in a CCR2-dependent fashion. Thus, whereas monocytes were dispensable for the early immune response to staphylococci, they contributed to Mϕ renewal after the infection was overcome. Taken together, MyD88-dependent sensing of staphylococci by resident dermal Mϕs is key for a rapid and balanced immune response, and PMLs are dependent on intact Mϕ for full function. Renewal of resident Mϕs requires both local control of bacteria and inflammatory monocytes entering the skin.
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70
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Janda A, Schwarz K, van der Burg M, Vach W, Ijspeert H, Lorenz M, Elgizouli M, Pieper K, Fisch P, Hagel J, Lorenzetti R, Seidl M, Roesler J, Hauck F, Traggiai E, Speckmann C, Rensing-Ehl A, Ehl S, Eibel H, Rizzi M. Disturbed B-lymphocytes selection in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Mol Cell Pediatr 2015. [PMCID: PMC4715105 DOI: 10.1186/2194-7791-2-s1-a23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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71
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Schubert D, Bode C, Kenefeck R, Hou TZ, Wing JB, Kennedy A, Bulashevska A, Petersen BS, Schäffer AA, Grüning BA, Unger S, Frede N, Baumann U, Witte T, Schmidt RE, Dueckers G, Niehues T, Seneviratne S, Kanariou M, Speckmann C, Ehl S, Rensing-Ehl A, Warnatz K, Rakhmanov M, Thimme R, Hasselblatt P, Emmerich F, Cathomen T, Backofen R, Fisch P, Seidl M, May A, Schmitt-Graeff A, Ikemizu S, Salzer U, Franke A, Sakaguchi S, Walker LS, Sansom DM, Grimbacher B. Autosomal dominant immune dysregulation syndrome in humans with CTLA4 mutations. Nat Med 2014; 20:1410-1416. [PMID: 25329329 PMCID: PMC4668597 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 602] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The protein cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an essential negative regulator of immune responses, and its loss causes fatal autoimmunity in mice. We studied a large family in which five individuals presented with a complex, autosomal dominant immune dysregulation syndrome characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent infections and multiple autoimmune clinical features. We identified a heterozygous nonsense mutation in exon 1 of CTLA4. Screening of 71 unrelated patients with comparable clinical phenotypes identified five additional families (nine individuals) with previously undescribed splice site and missense mutations in CTLA4. Clinical penetrance was incomplete (eight adults of a total of 19 genetically proven CTLA4 mutation carriers were considered unaffected). However, CTLA-4 protein expression was decreased in regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in both patients and carriers with CTLA4 mutations. Whereas Treg cells were generally present at elevated numbers in these individuals, their suppressive function, CTLA-4 ligand binding and transendocytosis of CD80 were impaired. Mutations in CTLA4 were also associated with decreased circulating B cell numbers. Taken together, mutations in CTLA4 resulting in CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency or impaired ligand binding result in disrupted T and B cell homeostasis and a complex immune dysregulation syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Agammaglobulinemia/genetics
- Agammaglobulinemia/immunology
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/genetics
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/immunology
- Animals
- Autoimmune Diseases/genetics
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B7-1 Antigen/metabolism
- CTLA-4 Antigen/genetics
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- Child
- Codon, Nonsense
- Endocytosis/genetics
- Endocytosis/immunology
- Exons
- Female
- Granuloma/genetics
- Granuloma/immunology
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Immune System Diseases/genetics
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/genetics
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Mutation, Missense
- Pedigree
- Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/genetics
- Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/immunology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/genetics
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology
- Recurrence
- Respiratory Tract Infections/genetics
- Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology
- Syndrome
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Young Adult
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72
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Zschiedrich S, Kramer-Zucker A, Jänigen B, Seidl M, Emmerich F, Pisarski P, Huber TB. An update on ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation. Transpl Int 2014; 28:387-97. [PMID: 25387763 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation is nowadays a well-established procedure to expand living donor transplantation to blood group incompatible donor/recipient constellations. In the last two decades, transplantation protocols evolved to more specific isohaemagglutinin elimination techniques and established competent antirejection protection protocols without the need of splenectomy. ABOi kidney transplantation associated accommodation despite isohaemagglutinin reappearance, C4d positivity of peritubular capillaries as well as the increased incidence of bleeding complications is currently under intense investigation. However, most recent data show excellent graft survival rates equivalent to ABO-compatible kidney transplantation outcome.
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73
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Stepensky P, Keller B, Abuzaitoun O, Shaag A, Yaacov B, Unger S, Seidl M, Rizzi M, Weintraub M, Elpeleg O, Warnatz K. Extending the clinical and immunological phenotype of human interleukin-21 receptor deficiency. Haematologica 2014; 100:e72-6. [PMID: 25398835 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.112508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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74
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Rönsch K, Jägle S, Rose K, Seidl M, Baumgartner F, Freihen V, Yousaf A, Metzger E, Lassmann S, Schüle R, Zeiser R, Michoel T, Hecht A. SNAIL1 combines competitive displacement of ASCL2 and epigenetic mechanisms to rapidly silence the EPHB3 tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:335-54. [PMID: 25277775 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
EPHB3 is a critical cellular guidance factor in the intestinal epithelium and an important tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC) whose expression is frequently lost at the adenoma-carcinoma transition when tumor cells become invasive. The molecular mechanisms underlying EPHB3 silencing are incompletely understood. Here we show that EPHB3 expression is anti-correlated with inducers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in primary tumors and CRC cells. In vitro, SNAIL1 and SNAIL2, but not ZEB1, repress EPHB3 reporter constructs and compete with the stem cell factor ASCL2 for binding to an E-box motif. At the endogenous EPHB3 locus, SNAIL1 triggers the displacement of ASCL2, p300 and the Wnt pathway effector TCF7L2 and engages corepressor complexes containing HDACs and the histone demethylase LSD1 to collapse active chromatin structure, resulting in rapid downregulation of EPHB3. Beyond its impact on EPHB3, SNAIL1 deregulates markers of intestinal identity and stemness and in vitro forces CRC cells to undergo EMT with altered morphology, increased motility and invasiveness. In xenotransplants, SNAIL1 expression abrogated tumor cell palisading and led to focal loss of tumor encapsulation and the appearance of areas with tumor cells displaying a migratory phenotype. These changes were accompanied by loss of EPHB3 and CDH1 expression. Intriguingly, SNAIL1-induced phenotypic changes of CRC cells are significantly impaired by sustained EPHB3 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our results identify EPHB3 as a novel target of SNAIL1 and suggest that disabling EPHB3 signaling is an important aspect to eliminate a roadblock at the onset of EMT processes.
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75
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Unger S, Seidl M, Schmitt-Graeff A, Böhm J, Schrenk K, Wehr C, Goldacker S, Dräger R, Gärtner BC, Fisch P, Werner M, Warnatz K. Ill-defined germinal centers and severely reduced plasma cells are histological hallmarks of lymphadenopathy in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34:615-26. [PMID: 24789743 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Given the severely reduced numbers of circulating class-switched memory B cells and plasmablasts in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) the germinal center (GC) reaction as the source of both populations is expected to be disturbed in many CVID patients. Therefore immunohistochemical studies were performed on lymph node (LN) biopsies from ten CVID patients with benign lymphoproliferation. According to the Sander classification the majority of patients presented with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (7/10), 6/10 showed granulomatous inflammation. All cases showed some normal GCs but in 9/10 these concurred to a varying degree with hyperplastic, ill-defined GCs in the same LN. The percentage of ill-defined GCs correlated significantly with the percentage of circulating CD21(low) B cells suggesting a common origin of both immune reactions. In 9/10 CVID LNs significantly higher numbers of infiltrating CD8+ T cells were found in GCs of CVID patients compared to controls, but no HHV-8 and only in 2/10 LNs EBV infection was detected. Class switched plasma cells (PCs) were severely reduced in 8/10 LNs and if present, rarely found in the medulla of the LN. Based on the presence of large GCs in all examined patients, the reduction of circulating memory B cells and PCs points towards a failure of GC output rather than GC formation in CVID patients with lymphadenopathy.
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