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Abstract
Recent research on gender and health challenges the prevailing notion of women's generalized health disadvantage by revealing a more variable pattern of gender differences in health. As such differences come to be comprehended as more complex than previously thought, there is a need to reassess the pathways linking gender and health. Using data from a Canadian national probability sample, we examine: (1) gender differences in distress, self-rated health, chronic conditions, restricted activity and heavy drinking; and (2) the role of gender-based differential exposure and vulnerability to chronic stress and life events in explaining observed differences. We find that women report more distress and chronic conditions than men, but gender differences are reversed for heavy drinking, and negligible for self-rated health and restricted activity. Although women reported more chronic stress and life events, their greater exposure accounted for only some of the gender disparity in health, and only for distress. Differential vulnerability to stressors played no role in explaining gender differences in health. These findings raise questions about a gendered, generalized health response to the vicissitudes of life and suggest the need for further theoretical and empirical exploration of "gendered" experiences and their pathways to health.
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Spain CV, Scarlett JM, Wade SE, McDonough P. Prevalence of Enteric Zoonotic Agents in Cats less than 1 Year Old in Central New York State. J Vet Intern Med 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2001.tb02294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Spain CV, Scarlett JM, Wade SE, McDonough P. Prevalence of enteric zoonotic agents in cats less than 1 year old in central New York State. J Vet Intern Med 2001; 15:33-8. [PMID: 11215908 DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2001)015<0033:poezai>2.3.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A prevalence study of several enteric zoonotic bacterial and parasitic infections was conducted in 263 fecal samples from cats that were between 1 and 12 months old, and that were in humane shelters (n = 149) or were presented to primary-care veterinarians (n = 114). Of these samples, 2 (0.8%) were positive for Campylobacter, 2 (0.8%) were positive for Salmonella, and 10 (3.8%) were positive for Cryptosporidium, confirming that these zoonotic agents are relatively rare in cats. Toxocara cati (33.0%) and Giardia (7.3%) were found more commonly. At least 1 zoonotic agent was detected in 105 samples (40.7%). Our results suggest that clinical signs such as diarrhea are not reliable predictors of whether a cat is actively shedding enteric organisms. Therefore, the decision to test a newly adopted cat should be based on the potential risks to the client rather than on the cat's clinical presentation. The high prevalence of T. cati confirms that comprehensive testing or treatment for ascarids is warranted in newly adopted kittens.
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Cheuvront SN, Moffatt RJ, Biggerstaff KD, Bearden S, McDonough P. Effect of ENDUROX on metabolic responses to submaximal exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION 1999; 9:434-42. [PMID: 10660874 DOI: 10.1123/ijsn.9.4.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Claims that ENDUROX enhances performance by altering metabolic responses to exercise were tested. In a double-blind crossover design, 10 male subjects were randomly assigned to consume 400 mg of placebo or 800 mg ENDUROX for 7 days. Cycle ergometry was performed for 30 minutes at 25%, followed by 10 min at 65% of peak oxygen consumption. After a 1-week washout period, subjects performed the identical exercise protocol following 7 days of reciprocal supplemental conditions. Expired gases were collected and analyzed continuously for oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio. Heart rate, blood pressure, rating of perceived exertion, blood lactate, and serum glycerol data were also collected at regular intervals. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed no significant main or interaction effects involving group differences (p > 0.05) between trials for any variable during rest, 25% or 65% (VO2 peak), or recovery. Our findings do not support the ergogenic claims for ENDUROX.
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Guy SR, Magliocca JF, Fruchtman S, McDonough P, Emre S, Kim-Schluger L, Sheiner PA, Fishbein TM, Schwartz ME, Miller CM. Transmission of factor VII deficiency through liver transplantation. Transpl Int 1999; 12:278-80. [PMID: 10460874 DOI: 10.1007/s001470050223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the primary site of synthesis for the majority of coagulation factors. There are published accounts of liver donor-to-recipient transmission of protein C deficiency with dysfibrinogenemia and factor XI deficiency. In this article, we report what we believe to be the first observation, of transmission of factor VII deficiency, a rare, autosomal recessive coagulation disorder, from an affected liver donor to a naive liver recipient. At 300 days after transplantation, the recipient remains with an isolated prolongation of the prothrombin time and a below-normal level of factor VII, and has had no bleeding complications.
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Guy S, Magliocca JF, Fruchtman S, McDonough P, Emre S, Kim-Schluger L, Sheiner PA, Fishbein TM, Schwartz ME, Miller CM, Magliocca JF, Emre S, Sheiner PA, Fishbein TM, Schwartz M, Miller CM, Fruchtman S, Kim-Schluger L, McDonough P. Transmission of factor VII deficiency through liver transplantation. Transpl Int 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1999.tb01214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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57
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McDonough P, Moffatt RJ. Smoking-induced elevations in blood carboxyhaemoglobin levels. Effect on maximal oxygen uptake. Sports Med 1999; 27:275-83. [PMID: 10368876 DOI: 10.2165/00007256-199927050-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Many people engage in physical activity to reduce their cardiovascular risk associated with smoking. These people should be made aware of the metabolic and cardiorespiratory changes induced by chronic and acute smoking and, in particular, the exercise ramifications of increased levels of blood carbon monoxide (CO). Smoking-induced elevations in the CO content of the blood can reduce exercise tolerance and maximal aerobic capacity. Smoking also increases the reliance upon glycolytic metabolism during exercise. Together, these factors contribute to earlier fatigue in smokers compared with nonsmokers who exercise. Similar effects upon exercise tolerance are noted in those who inhale environmental tobacco smoke.
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McDonough P, Williams DR, House JS, Duncan GJ. Gender and the socioeconomic gradient in mortality. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 1999; 40:17-31. [PMID: 10331319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable evidence documenting a strong and persistent relationship between socioeconomic position and mortality, recent research suggests that this association may be weaker among women. In our examination of gender differences in the socioeconomic gradient in mortality, we argue that this inconsistency arises from the failure to consider the ways in which gender is a fundamental constituent of socioeconomic position. The data used are from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Respondents, including all household heads and their partners, aged 29 years and older in 1972 (N = 5,665; 56% female), were followed until 1991, death, or attrition. Discrete time event history analysis was used to examine the predictors of death between 1972 and 1991. Of the key socioeconomic predictors, years of education was measured at baseline, while earned income was a time-varying covariate. We find no gender differences in the effect of respondents' own socioeconomic positions on their mortality risk. However, increasing spousal income raises men's odds of dying, while the opposite is true for women. Our results raise questions about the prevailing view that the socioeconomic gradient in mortality is weaker among women. Moreover, gender differences in the effects of spousal earnings on mortality risk suggest that their labor market rewards have fundamentally different meanings for women and men.
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Hoskins JD, Williams J, Roy AF, Peters JC, McDonough P. Isolation and characterization of Bordetella bronchiseptica from cats in southern Louisiana. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 65:173-6. [PMID: 9839872 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of Bordetella bronchiseptica in respiratory disease of domestic cats is currently being explored. Clinical and experimental studies in the United Kingdom have shown Bordetella bronchiseptica to be a primary respiratory pathogen in cats; similar studies in the United States are limited. The purpose of this study is to report on the isolation, seroprevalence, and partial characterization of Bordetella bronchiseptica from shelter cats in southern Louisiana. A total of 614 cats from four local shelters were studied. All cats appeared to be asymptomatic for signs of respiratory disease. Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated in 19/614 (3.1%) cats by oropharyngeal swab and in 6/614 cats by bronchial lavage. Using an antibody capture ELISA method, 148/614 (24.1%) cats were seropositive for Bordetella bronchiseptica. The 25 isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica were further characterized by ribotype analysis, and a total of 17 different ribotypes were identified. Specific pathogen-free kittens were experimentally infected with five of the isolates, and four of the five isolates induced clinical signs typical of feline bordetellosis. It is concluded that Bordetella bronchiseptica is present in the cat population in southern Louisiana, the organism can be isolated from asymptomatic cats, some of these isolates can produce disease in specific pathogen-free kittens, and that Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates from cats in a relatively small geographic area are genetically diverse. This and other studies indicate that Bordetella bronchiseptica should be considered in cases of feline respiratory disease.
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Chipman ML, Payne J, McDonough P. To drive or not to drive: the influence of social factors on the decisions of elderly drivers. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 1998; 30:299-304. [PMID: 9663288 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-4575(97)00107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Being able to drive is considered to be an important, if not vital, component of mobility in many jurisdictions. From a large population-based health survey, carried out in Ontario, Canada in 1990 it is estimated that 37.5% of the population aged 80 or older drives a motor vehicle at least once a year. Data from the survey have been used to make comparisons of drivers and non-drivers: people who drive are more likely to be male, to be married and to report no more than one chronic disease. People who do not drive are more likely to live in larger households and to report two or more chronic diseases. Although many of these factors are clearly related to one another, they exert independent associations with whether people drive after other factors have been controlled. Drivers and non-drivers have similar frequency of contact with family and friends after other variables have been controlled for.
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McDonough P, Duncan GJ, Williams D, House J. Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972 through 1989. Am J Public Health 1997; 87:1476-83. [PMID: 9314800 PMCID: PMC1380973 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.87.9.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine relationships between income and mortality, focusing on the predictive utility of single-year and multiyear measures of income, the shape of the income gradient in mortality, trends in this gradient over time, the impact of income change on mortality, and the joint effects of income and age, race, and sex on mortality risk. METHODS Data were taken from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the years 1968 through 1989. Fourteen 10-year panels were constructed in which predictors were measured over the first 5 years and vital status over the subsequent 5 years. The panels were pooled and logistic regression was used in the analysis. RESULTS Income level was a strong predictor of mortality, especially for persons under the age of 65 years. Persistent low income was particularly consequential for mortality. Income instability was also important among middle-income individuals. Single-year and multiyear income measures had comparable predictive power. All effects persisted after adjustment for education and initial health status. CONCLUSIONS The issues of low income and income instability should be addressed in population health policy.
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Giordano FJ, He H, McDonough P, Meyer M, Sayen MR, Dillmann WH. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer reconstitutes depressed sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase levels and shortens prolonged cardiac myocyte Ca2+ transients. Circulation 1997; 96:400-3. [PMID: 9244202 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.96.2.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase of the cardiac myocyte (SERCA2) and abnormal Ca2+ regulation have been independently linked to human heart failure. This study was designed to determine whether expression of a SERCA2 transgene could reconstitute depressed cardiac myocyte SERCA2 levels, augment SR Ca2+ uptake, and shorten prolonged excitation-contraction (EC)-associated Ca2+ transients in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NM). METHODS AND RESULTS Cultured NM were treated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a compound that decreases endogenous SERCA2 expression and results in prolongation of EC-associated Ca2+ transients. PMA-treated NM had a 75% reduction in SERCA2 mRNA and a 40% reduction in SERCA2 protein levels. SERCA2 adenovirus infection increased SERCA2 mRNA expression to 2.5 times control and reconstituted SERCA2 protein levels in PMA-treated cells. This reconstitution was associated with a 32.4% reduction in the time for decline of the Indo-1 Ca2+ transient to half-maximum levels (t(1/2) [Ca2+]i) (P<.05). A 34.5% augmentation of oxalate-facilitated SR Ca2+ uptake was also documented in SERCA2 adenovirus-infected cells (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Adenovirus-mediated expression of a SERCA2 transgene can reconstitute depressed endogenous SERCA2 levels, shorten prolonged Ca2+ transients, and augment SR Ca2+ uptake. It is conceivable that such an approach might be used in vivo to normalize altered Ca2+ regulation in human heart failure.
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McDonough P. Editorial comment. The king, his knights and type I errors. Fertil Steril 1996; 66:865-6. [PMID: 8964288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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64
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Barrow PA, Desmidt M, Ducatelle R, Guittet M, van der Heijden HM, Holt PS, Huis in't Velt JH, McDonough P, Nagaraja KV, Porter RE, Proux K, Sisak F, Staak C, Steinbach G, Thorns CJ, Wray C, van Zijderveld F. World Health Organisation--supervised interlaboratory comparison of ELISAs for the serological detection of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in chickens. Epidemiol Infect 1996; 117:69-77. [PMID: 8760952 PMCID: PMC2271692 DOI: 10.1017/s095026880000114x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A collaborative exercise, supervised by the World Health Organisation, was set up to compare ELISAs used for the serological detection of Salmonella enteritica serotype Enteritidis in chickens. The aim was to ascertain how far agreement could be reached on the interpretation of optical density readings for high titre, intermediate titre and low titre sera. Two sets of sera were sent to 14 participants. The first set compared high, medium and low titre sera raised in specified-pathogen-free and commercial broiler breeder chickens. The second set comprised 20 sera of different antibody titres raised in commercial birds reared under laboratory conditions and sent blind. Both indirect and double-antibody sandwich blocking ELISAs were used with a number of different detecting antigens. With a few exceptions good agreement was reached on the interpretation of results obtained from high and low titre sera from the optical density obtained with a single serum dilution. Differences were observed in the interpretation of medium titre sera. The results suggested that most ELISAs produce reasonably comparable results and that practical problems may arise from interpretation of the results mainly as a result of the choice of the criteria used for differentiating sera obtained from infected and uninfected chickens. These problems are discussed.
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Abstract
Dorsal defect of the patella is a benign subchondral lesion of unknown etiology, located in the superolateral region of the patella. The lesion presents with a characteristic radiographic appearance consisting of a rounded focus of radiolucency surrounded by a sclerotic margin. Although often an incidental finding on knee radiographs, it occasionally may be symptomatic. It occurs in males and females with equal frequency, is bilateral in up to one third of individuals, and is most frequently found in adolescents. This report describes a series of eight such lesions in five patients.
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Mutalib A, McDonough P, Shin S, Patten V, Lein D. Salmonella enteritidis in commercial layer farms in New York state; environmental survey results and significance of available monitoring tests. J Vet Diagn Invest 1992; 4:416-8. [PMID: 1457543 DOI: 10.1177/104063879200400408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven hundred fifty-one environmental samples were collected from 76 chicken layer houses in a voluntary Salmonella enteritidis (SE) survey study carried out in New York state between January 15 and April 8, 1991. SE was recovered from both houses on 1 farm. Sampling of manure pits and mice in hen houses was useful for SE screening. Phage types of SE from the environment, birds, and mice were identical. The rapid whole-blood test was unreliable, and culture of cloacal swabs was inadequate for detection of SE carriers. Culture of organs from chickens did not correlate well with results of environmental samples.
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Abstract
The action imperative inherent in amniocentesis, one that emphasizes the detection and selective abortion of disabled fetuses, exerts a powerful influence on women's decisions to undergo prenatal diagnosis. In this paper, the construction of this imperative is considered through an examination of medical research that contributed to the development and clinical practice of amniocentesis. It is argued that this research reflects medical judgments about socially "undesirable" human attributes, professional interests, and individual, technical solutions to the "burden" of congenital disability. The necessity to consider the implications of this technology within both a feminist and disability rights framework is discussed.
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McDonough P, Onderdonk AB. Veterinary clinical microbiology: Part II. CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY NEWSLETTER 1990; 12:161-167. [PMID: 32287660 PMCID: PMC7134896 DOI: 10.1016/0196-4399(90)90036-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Canitz B, Smith T, Boutilier M, Glynn K, Hodgson K, McDonough P, Rondeau K, Thompson L. Achieving Health for All: a perspective from the field. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 1987; 78:416-7. [PMID: 3435869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Goff W, McDonough P. A community health approach to AIDS: caring for the patient and educating the public. J Community Health Nurs 1986; 3:191-200. [PMID: 3640803 DOI: 10.1207/s15327655jchn0304_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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71
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Hagey R, McDonough P. Professional labeling: the authors respond. Nurs Outlook 1985; 33:66-7. [PMID: 3845452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hagey RS, McDonough P. The problem of professional labeling. Nurs Outlook 1984; 32:151-7. [PMID: 6562465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Timoney JF, Taylor DE, Shin S, McDonough P. pJT2: unusual H1 plasmid in a highly virulent lactose-positive and chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strain from calves. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1980; 18:480-2. [PMID: 6999986 PMCID: PMC284027 DOI: 10.1128/aac.18.3.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A lactose-positive and chloramphenicol-resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium of high virulence was isolated from an outbreak of enteric and septicemic salmonellosis in veal calves. the lactose-positive marker was located on an H1 plasmid, pJT2, together with resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline, pJT2 was unusually large and had a molecular weight of about 150 X 10(6). A similar plasmid was also present in a third of the Escherichia coli strains isolated from the intestines of septicemic calves during the outbreak. Spontaneously derived Lac- derivatives of pJT2 had an approximate molecular weight of 140 X 10(6).
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Garver FA, Baker MM, Duvall R, McDonough P. Quantitation of sickle cell and normal hemoglobins in amniotic fluid by radioimmunoassay. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978; 132:697-8. [PMID: 717478 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(78)90869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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75
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Gailey TA, McDonough P. Atypical uterine bleeding. Pediatr Ann 1975; 4:66-79. [PMID: 24850253 DOI: 10.3928/0090-4481-19750101-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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