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Holt R, Kelley L, Rusch T. SU-GG-T-46: An Equivalent Path Length TG-43(U) Model for Heterogeneity Corrections of HAM Applicator Treatments Using Low Energy Electronic Brachytherapy. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ahmad S, Johnson D, Hiatt J, Still D, Furhang E, Marsden D, Kearly F, Bernard D, Holt R. SU-GG-T-599: Comparison of Tumor and Normal Tissue Dose for Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation Using an Electronic Brachytherapy EBx Source and Iridium-192 Source. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Holt R, Rusch T. SU-FF-T-53: Comparative Dosimetry of the Xoft Axxent Electronic Brachytherapy Skin Applicator at 50 KVp with Film, Chamber, and Diode in Various Backscatter Media. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Holt R, Axelrod S. SU-FF-T-45: Sensitivity of the 50 KVp Xoft Axxent Electronic Brachytherapy Skin Applicator to Flattening Filter Design, Source-Filter Position, Applicator Alignment and Surface Collimation. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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DeMarco J, Fahimian B, Iwamoto K, Holt R. SU-FF-T-07: Treatment Planning Considerations and the Effect of Tissue Heterogeneities On the Absorbed Dose Distribution From the Xoft Axxent 50 KVp Electronic Brachytherapy Source. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Holt R, Bernstein R, Warnes T. Dr Peter John Lennox Holt (1932-2008). Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Holt R, Siddiqi N, Young J. The ethics of consent in delirium studies. J Psychosom Res 2008; 65:283-7. [PMID: 18707952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is a syndrome of acute, fluctuating confusion, which affects older people who are unwell. Although common and associated with significant poor outcomes, little is known about its pathophysiology, prevention, or treatment. Delirium research could potentially deliver important benefits for patients and is urgently required. However, such research is challenging as it inevitably involves the recruitment of patients who have impaired capacity to consent, due to the nature of delirium itself and the fact that it is people with dementia or severe illness who are most at risk. AIM This article explores the ethical tensions inherent in the need to protect vulnerable participants in delirium research and the urgent need for high-quality research in a neglected condition. CONCLUSIONS The current research regulations are unnecessarily stringent and may impede good-quality delirium research. There is in particular the danger that they lead to the recruitment of unrepresentative study populations. We suggest a number of changes to the regulations, such as extending the use of the existing European Union procedures for registered medical practitioner proxy consent. We invite comments and feedback from the research community.
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Thakkar H, Butt A, Powrie J, Holt R, Swaminathan R. Circulating Nucleic Acids in the Assessment of Endogenous Growth Hormone Production. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1137:58-65. [DOI: 10.1196/annals.1448.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Holt R, Warnes T, Bernstein R. Peter John Lennox Holt. West J Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.a751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tuskan GA, Difazio S, Jansson S, Bohlmann J, Grigoriev I, Hellsten U, Putnam N, Ralph S, Rombauts S, Salamov A, Schein J, Sterck L, Aerts A, Bhalerao RR, Bhalerao RP, Blaudez D, Boerjan W, Brun A, Brunner A, Busov V, Campbell M, Carlson J, Chalot M, Chapman J, Chen GL, Cooper D, Coutinho PM, Couturier J, Covert S, Cronk Q, Cunningham R, Davis J, Degroeve S, Déjardin A, Depamphilis C, Detter J, Dirks B, Dubchak I, Duplessis S, Ehlting J, Ellis B, Gendler K, Goodstein D, Gribskov M, Grimwood J, Groover A, Gunter L, Hamberger B, Heinze B, Helariutta Y, Henrissat B, Holligan D, Holt R, Huang W, Islam-Faridi N, Jones S, Jones-Rhoades M, Jorgensen R, Joshi C, Kangasjärvi J, Karlsson J, Kelleher C, Kirkpatrick R, Kirst M, Kohler A, Kalluri U, Larimer F, Leebens-Mack J, Leplé JC, Locascio P, Lou Y, Lucas S, Martin F, Montanini B, Napoli C, Nelson DR, Nelson C, Nieminen K, Nilsson O, Pereda V, Peter G, Philippe R, Pilate G, Poliakov A, Razumovskaya J, Richardson P, Rinaldi C, Ritland K, Rouzé P, Ryaboy D, Schmutz J, Schrader J, Segerman B, Shin H, Siddiqui A, Sterky F, Terry A, Tsai CJ, Uberbacher E, Unneberg P, Vahala J, Wall K, Wessler S, Yang G, Yin T, Douglas C, Marra M, Sandberg G, Van de Peer Y, Rokhsar D. The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray). Science 2006; 313:1596-604. [PMID: 16973872 DOI: 10.1126/science.1128691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2578] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report the draft genome of the black cottonwood tree, Populus trichocarpa. Integration of shotgun sequence assembly with genetic mapping enabled chromosome-scale reconstruction of the genome. More than 45,000 putative protein-coding genes were identified. Analysis of the assembled genome revealed a whole-genome duplication event; about 8000 pairs of duplicated genes from that event survived in the Populus genome. A second, older duplication event is indistinguishably coincident with the divergence of the Populus and Arabidopsis lineages. Nucleotide substitution, tandem gene duplication, and gross chromosomal rearrangement appear to proceed substantially more slowly in Populus than in Arabidopsis. Populus has more protein-coding genes than Arabidopsis, ranging on average from 1.4 to 1.6 putative Populus homologs for each Arabidopsis gene. However, the relative frequency of protein domains in the two genomes is similar. Overrepresented exceptions in Populus include genes associated with lignocellulosic wall biosynthesis, meristem development, disease resistance, and metabolite transport.
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Wallace S, Bobba V, Koll W, Zhang Y, Holt R. SU-DD-A1-02: Commissioning and Clinical Implementation of Elekta MLC IMRT with Corvus Inverse Treatment Planning. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1997448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Alkhatib MN, Holt R, Bedi R. Aesthetically objectionable fluorosis in the United Kingdom. Br Dent J 2004; 197:325-8; discussion 321. [PMID: 15454999 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4811651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A cross-sectional national survey to explore perceptions of dental fluorosis and to determine the proportion of people regarding fluorosis as aesthetically objectionable at differing levels of defect. METHODS A survey using a multistage stratified random probability sample of 6,000 UK adult households. Face-to-face interviews were carried out using a structured questionnaire and photographs of different levels of dental fluorosis. Respondents were interviewed about the parameters of satisfaction, attractiveness and need for treatment for dental fluorosis. RESULTS The proportion of respondents perceiving teeth as unattractive, unsatisfactory and requiring treatment increased with increasing severity of dental fluorosis. Using agreement between the three negative perceptions as a measure, 14% of the sample perceived mild dental fluorosis as aesthetically objectionable, 45% at moderate level and 91% at severe levels. CONCLUSION Negative perceptions of dental fluorosis were lower than reported previously. Three parameters were included in the approach to estimate aesthetically objectionable fluorosis which may provide a more realistic measure than those used previously. The nature of the index and the sample included suggest that findings of this survey provide a reasonable indicator of the likely impact of water fluoridation. Findings may have important implications for fluoridation policies in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.
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Abstract
AIMS To determine the prevalence of perceived tooth discolouration in the United Kingdom and to investigate socio-demographic variations and satisfaction with own tooth colour. METHODS A national cross-sectional questionnaire study was carried out using a multistage random probability sample. Assessment of people's perceptions of their own tooth colour was conducted by asking study participants to match colour to the closest of a set of photocards demonstrating different levels of tooth discolouration. A separate question asked how satisfied they were with their tooth colour. Information on socio-demographic characteristics of the population were gathered at the same time. ANALYSIS Data was coded and entered into SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence of perceived discolouration and satisfaction with own tooth colour. Bivariate and regression analyses were performed to explore the effect of socio-demographic variations. RESULTS The self-assessment exercise was completed for 3215 subjects. Half of the study population perceived their tooth colour to be normal and 6% perceived that they had severe discolouration, the remainder reported themselves to have levels of tooth discolouration between these two extremes. Satisfaction with tooth colour decreased with increased discolouration. Sex, age, income and smoking, had statistically significant effects on the prevalence of perceived discolouration (P< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Half of the people in this study perceived themselves to have tooth discolouration. Results suggest that the general public is concerned about dental appearance in terms of tooth colour, indicated by public dissatisfaction with relatively mildly discoloured teeth. Findings may suggest that a further increase in the demand of tooth whitening services and cosmetic dentistry in general is likely. The changing emphasis and level of perceived dissatisfaction need to be taken into account in planning dental services. Evidence based approaches are needed for the appropriate management of patients who demand treatment of mild discolouration.
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Holt R, Maunder E. Is lithium‐induced weight gain prevented by providing healthy eating advice at the commencement of lithium therapy? J Hum Nutr Diet 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-277x.1996.00444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Heisig GB, Holt R. Absence of Exchange of Sulfur between Sulfide and Thiocyanate Ions in Aqueous Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01126a510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chandhoke V, Southall M, Holt R, Flinn JM. Dopamine receptor subtype density as a function of age in Aplysia californica. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 130:461-6. [PMID: 11691623 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The age-associated changes in dopamine subtype receptors were examined in Aplysia californica. The density of the subtype receptors D1, D2, D3 and D4 was examined in the ganglia from 4.5-, 6-, 8-, 9- and 12-month animals. Receptor analysis was performed by examining the binding of radiolabeled ligands to the individual subtypes. [3H]SCH23390 and [3H]Clozapine were used to analyze D1 and D4 specific binding. [3H]Quinpirole was used for determining D2 and D3 specific binding. Specific binding was found to be present for all four receptor subtypes. All receptor subtypes showed an increase in density from 4.5 to 6 months. From 6 to 8 months D2 and D3 decreased, while D1 and D4 increased. D4 showed the strongest increase. All four subtypes examined showed decreases from 8 to 12 months. ANOVA results indicated age was a significant factor in the subtype receptor density for all receptor types.
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Bian Z, Du M, Bedi R, Holt R, Jin H, Fan M. Caries experience and oral health behavior in Chinese children with cleft lip and/or palate. Pediatr Dent 2001; 23:431-4. [PMID: 11699170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to investigate whether there were different caries levels in 3- to 6-year-old Chinese children who had a cleft lip compared to those with a cleft lip/palate. The goal also was to evaluate parental attitudes toward the feeding habits and oral health care for their children. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out through a dental examination of a sample of children and a questionnaire to their parents. A sample of 104 3- to 6-year-old children (66 boys and 38 girls) with cleft lip, cleft palate or both were selected from those receiving pre-surgical treatment. Each child was examined and a short questionnaire was given to parents of the children. The form included questions about infant feeding practices, frequency consumption of specific drinks and, children's toothbrushing frequency. RESULTS One hundred and four children were examined. Seventy-five percent had some caries experience and rampant caries was present in 26%. Children with cleft palate had a higher prevalence of rampant caries (30%) compared to those with cleft lip (12%). A multivariate analysis yielded feeding practices and mother's education as the variables significantly associated with caries and rampant caries. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that: 1. Children with a cleft lip/palate have higher levels of dental caries compared to those with a cleft lip alone; 2. The two most important factors for dental caries were: a. whether the child had been bottle-fed and; b. the educational attainment level of the mother.
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Holt R, Vernino AR, Lee HM, Severson S. Effect of early exposure on the integration of dental implants: Part 2--Clinical findings at 6 months postloading. INT J PERIODONT REST 2001; 21:407-14. [PMID: 11519709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Implant exposure during initial healing after placement has been considered important in both implant integration and postloading effects. This study evaluated the effect of early implant exposure on the clinical findings prerestoration and 6 months postrestoration. Forty-eight implants (24 CPTi and 24 Ti-13-13) were placed in maxillary and mandibular posterior sites in six baboons. Implant exposure was evaluated for 24 of the submerged implants at placement and at each weekly visit for 3 weeks after implant placement. The crestal bone level at maxillary posterior sites was measured at 6-month uncovering, and mandibular sites were measured at 3-month uncovering. All sites were again measured 6 months after restoration placement. Periotest readings were recorded at implant uncovering and again 6 months postloading. Arbitrary groupings of the Periotest values were assigned as good = -7 to -1; guarded = 0 to +2; and poor = +3 to +27. At 6 months postloading, there were no statistical differences between CPTi and Ti-13-13 for change in crestal bone height in either arch. The mean change in maxillary crestal bone height varied from a 0.59- to 1.35-mm loss. The differences between the mean exposed and nonexposed changes were not statistically significant The mean change in mandibular crestal bone height varied from a 0.25- to 0.88-mm loss. Changes in crestal bone height for nonexposed sites from 3-month implant uncovering to 6 months postloading were statistically significant at the mesial, buccal, and lingual aspects. The mean change for the nonexposed distal aspect approached significance. The differences between the mean exposed and nonexposed changes were not statistically significant. The overall percentage of maxillary implants in the good category for nonexposed sites decreased by 41% from uncovering to 6 months after loading, while no change occurred for exposed sites; the percentage of implants in the good category was comparable for early exposed and nonexposed sites (57% and 59%, respectively). At 6 months after loading, the percentage of implants in the good category was more favorable for early exposed (88%) than nonexposed sites (50%). A one-stage implant approach should provide similar postloading clinical results as the two-stage surgical approach.
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Holt R. Restoring the purpose of medicine. NEW JERSEY MEDICINE : THE JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF NEW JERSEY 2001; 98:23-4. [PMID: 11534385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Du M, Bedi R, Guo L, Champion J, Fan M, Holt R. Oral health status of heroin users in a rehabilitation centre in Hubei province, China. COMMUNITY DENTAL HEALTH 2001; 18:94-8. [PMID: 11461065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report on the oral health of heroin users and to determine risk factors for oral health status. DESIGN All heroin users at one rehabilitation camp received an interview using a pre-tested questionnaire from one of three trained interviewers and a dental examination using World Health Organization recommended procedures from one of three calibrated dentists. SETTING Interviews and examinations were carried out at Hubei Province camp. PARTICIPANTS All 520 resident heroin users at the camp participated in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES Oral hygiene expressed using the Debris Index; caries status by DMFT; periodontal status by percentage with bleeding, pocketing and calculus; mucosal status using standard World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS One hundred (19%) of the heroin users were caries free; their mean DMFT was 4.2. The majority (92%) of the DMFT was decay and only a small proportion (8%) was treatment related. The proportion of heroin users with bleeding, calculus, shallow pocketing and deep pocketing was 42%, 95%, 42% and 8% respectively. The mean Debris Index score was 3.2. Mucosal lesions were present in 31 subjects (6%). Using multivariate analysis, duration of heroin use and education were risk factors for DMFT, route of drug administration was a risk factor for calculus and gender was a risk factor for deep pocketing. CONCLUSIONS There are indications of poorer periodontal health as well as higher caries experience in this group when compared to provincial dental epidemiological data. Mucosal lesions were not widely prevalent. Both social factors and characteristics of drug use were related to oral health in this group.
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Kendrick C, Holt R, McGlashan K, Jenner JR, Kirker S. Exercising on a Treadmill to Improve Functional Mobility in Chronic Stroke. Physiotherapy 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9406(05)60788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Holt R. English influences on French sport: "anglomania" and national revival, 1870-1914. STADION (COLOGNE, GERMANY) 2001; 27:179-188. [PMID: 18431858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Du M, Bian Z, Guo L, Holt R, Champion J, Bedi R. Caries patterns and their relationship to infant feeding and socio-economic status in 2-4-year-old Chinese children. Int Dent J 2000; 50:385-9. [PMID: 11197198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2000.tb00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To describe the prevalence, severity and patterns of caries in 2-4-year-old children and to evaluate the association between caries experience of the children and their feeding patterns and socio-economic background in terms of mothers' education and family income. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Suburban area of Hanchuan in Hubei province, China. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 426 children (250 boys and 176 girls). METHODS Dental-examinations were undertaken in kindergartens using World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for dental caries. Mothers completed a short questionnaire. OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of caries; rampant caries; caries in incisors; caries in incisors and/or canines and molars; mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth/surfaces (dmft/s). RESULTS 36% of the children had caries, 7% had rampant caries. The more extensive pattern of caries involving primary molars as well as incisors and/or canines was seen in 12% of children. Children who had been wholly bottle-fed had five times the risk of having rampant caries compared to children who were breast-fed. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that infant feeding practice might be a key risk factor for the development of caries at an early age in this country as elsewhere.
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