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Vera R, Figueras J, Gomez Dorronsoro ML, Lopez-Ben S, Viúdez A, Queralt B, Hernandez I, Scalzone R, Zazpe C, Ortiz R. Retrospective analysis of pathologic response in colorectal cancer liver-only metastases following treatment with bevacizumab. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
674 Background: Recent reports have shown that pathological response predicts for better outcome (overall survival) following preoperative chemotherapy and surgical resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver-only metastases. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the effect of adding bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy on pathological response in patients with CRC liver only metastases. Methods: Patients with stage IV CRC with liver metastases who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (oxaliplatin-or irinotecan-based) at two Spanish centres were analysed retrospectively. Pathological response was evaluated as follows: complete pathological response (cPR), PR1 (25% of residual tumour), PR2 (25–50% of residual tumour), PR3 (>50% of residual tumour). cPR or PR1 was considered to be a good response, and PR2 or PR3 a poor response. Results: A total of 81 patients were evaluated. Of these, 43 received chemotherapy alone and 38 received chemotherapy plus bevacizumab. Baseline characteristics were as follows: median age 61.0 years (range 43.0–80.0 years); male/female (67%/33%); tumour location – colon (69%) / rectum (31%); hepatic metastases – synchronous (74%) / metachronous (26%); In terms of pathological response, 58% of patients receiving bevacizumab had a good response (cPR + PR1) compared with 28% of those receiving chemotherapy alone. At the end of the analysis, 68% of patients were still alive. Conclusions: Adding bevacizumab to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting improves the pathological response of liver metastases in patients with stage IV CRC. These findings indicate that pathological response might be a good indicator of outcome for patients receiving bevacizumab in the neoadjuvant setting.
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Hernández-Hernández A, Soto-Reyes E, Ortiz R, Arriaga-Canon C, Echeverría-Martinez OM, Vázquez-Nin GH, Recillas-Targa F. Changes of the nucleolus architecture in absence of the nuclear factor CTCF. Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 136:89-96. [PMID: 22286186 DOI: 10.1159/000335752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CTCF is a multifunctional nuclear factor involved in many cellular processes like gene regulation, chromatin insulation and genomic organization. Recently, CTCF has been shown to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of ribosomal genes and nucleolar organization in Drosophila cells and different murine cell types, including embryonic stem cells. Moreover, it has been suggested that CTCF could be associated to the nucleolus of human erythroleukemic K562 cells. In the present work, we took advantage of efficient small hairpin RNA interference against human CTCF to analyze nucleolar organization in HeLa cells. We have found that key components of the nucleolar architecture are altered. As a consequence of such alterations, an upregulation of ribosomal gene transcription was observed. We propose that CTCF contributes to the structural organization of the nucleolus and, through epigenetic mechanisms, to the regulation of the ribosomal gene expression.
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Luque R, Delgado J, González E, Prados J, Melguizo C, Valdivia J, Martínez J, Ortega J, Ortiz R, Aránega A. 1145 POSTER Drug Resistance Induced by Plasmatic Concentrations of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Cancer Cell Lines. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Luque R, González Flores E, Delgado JR, Prados JC, Melguizo C, Conde V, Gonzalez Astorga B, Ortiz R, Rama A. Drug resistance induced by plasmatic concentrations of paclitaxel and carboplatin. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Martínez-Amat A, Marchal J, Prados J, Hita F, Rodríguez-Serrano F, Boulaiz H, Martín I, Melguizo C, Caba O, Velez C, Ortiz R, Rama A, Aránega A. Release of muscle α-actin into serum after intensive exercise. Biol Sport 2010; 27:263-268. [DOI: 10.5604/20831862.927491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
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Bonilla CA, Rubio MS, Sifuentes AM, Parra-Bracamonte GM, Arellano VW, Méndez MRD, Berruecos JM, Ortiz R. Association of CAPN1 316, CAPN1 4751 and TG5 markers with bovine meat quality traits in Mexico. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2010; 9:2395-405. [PMID: 21161888 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-4gmr959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We examined allele and genotype frequencies for the molecular markers CAPN1 316, CAPN1 4751 and TG5, and determined whether they are associated with beef quality traits in Mexican cattle. One hundred and twenty-four longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected from cattle from north, central and southern Mexico. CAPN1 316 and CAPN1 4751 frequencies were determined using the allelic discrimination assay and the TG5 marker was typed by PCR-RFLP. Meat quality traits included intramuscular fat content (IMF) and tenderness determined by Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) at 24 h postmortem. The association test was made using a mixed model, including genotypes, genetic group, and sampling location as fixed effects. Least squares means and significant interactions were compared using least significant differences based on the mixed procedure. CAPN1 316 CC was found at a low frequency (0.03) and has been reported as a favorable genotype associated with tenderness meat. Genotype frequencies for CAPN1 4751 were similar in favorable (CC) and unfavorable (TT) genotypes (0.26 and 0.28, respectively). The TG5 CC genotype had a frequency of 0.73, while the TT genotype frequency was 0.01. The means for WBSF and IMF were 4.08 ± 1.35 kg and 5.23 ± 2.14%, respectively. Sampling site and the CAPN1 316 genotypes significantly affected WBSF (P < 0.05). Samples collected from Hermosillo, Sonora, had the lowest WBSF (P < 0.05), while those collected in Veracruz were toughest (WBSF = 5.267 kg). The effect of GG and TG5 genotypes on IMF was significant (P < 0.05). CAPN1 316 and TG5 markers were found to be significantly associated with beef quality traits and thus will be useful for Mexican beef characterization.
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Lahuerta M, Sabido M, Giardina F, Hernandez G, Palacios JF, Ortiz R, Fernandez VH, Casabona J. Comparison of users of an HIV/syphilis screening community-based mobile van and traditional voluntary counselling and testing sites in Guatemala. Sex Transm Infect 2010; 87:136-40. [DOI: 10.1136/sti.2010.043067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Khachikyan I, Sinaii N, Shah J, Ortiz R, Segars J, Stratton P. CNS sensitization and myofascial dysfunction in patients with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. Fertil Steril 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Martínez-de-Anda A, Valdivia A, Jaramillo-Juárez F, Reyes J, Ortiz R, Quezada T, de Luna M, Rodríguez M. Effects of aflatoxin chronic intoxication in renal function of laying hens. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1622-8. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Luque R, Melguizo C, Gonzalez E, Prados JC, Martínez J, Rama A, Valdivia J, Ortiz R, Conde V, Delgado JR. Mdr1 gene expression as a marker of treatment response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ballesteros AR, Prados J, Melquizo C, Ortiz R, Rodriguez-Serrano F, Boulaiz H, Marchal J, Perán M, Zafra I, Aránega A. 95 Transfection of the gene e and later application of cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of breast multicellular tumour solid cancer. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Vera-García F, Martínez-Gramage J, San Miguel R, Ortiz R, Vilanova P, Salvador E, Delgado N, Tortajada N, Valero J. Efecto del Kinesio taping sobre la respuesta refleja de los músculos bíceps femoral y gemelo externo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ft.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rama A, Melquizo C, Prados J, Ortiz R, Rodriguez-Serrano F, Boulaiz H, Marchal J, Perán M, Zafra I, Aránega A. 5200 A new combined therapy strategy to breast cancer treatment: assay of E gene transfection associated to citotoxic drugs in multicellular tumour spheroid. EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)71092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Rivas F, Olivares N, Yerenas S, Ortiz R, Rodarte K, Valdez L, Rivas F. 442: Alpha (2B)-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphism and the Response to Epinephrine in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Ann Emerg Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ortiz R, Cortés L, Cortés E, Medina H. Malnutrition alters the rates of apoptosis in splenocytes and thymocyte subpopulations of rats. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 155:96-106. [PMID: 19076833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem throughout the developing world. Nutritional deficiencies may be the most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency states in humans. It has been suggested that nutritional imbalances can induce apoptosis in a variety of cell types. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of severe malnutrition on cell subsets and the frequency of spontaneous and/or dexamethasone-induced cell death in vivo in the thymus and spleen from severely malnourished, lactating rats. Apoptosis frequency was estimated by flow cytometry using annexin-V and terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay assays. The results obtained in the present study indicate that malnutrition is associated with a significant increase of spontaneously apoptotic cells in the thymus (9.8-fold) and spleen (2.4-fold). Increase in apoptosis was associated largely with CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive thymocytes. Unexpectedly, similar frequencies of spontaneous apoptosis of these cells were found in both well-nourished and malnourished rats. In contrast, consistent increases in the apoptosis of CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative thymocytes were observed in malnourished rats. In addition, single-positive CD8(+) and single-positive CD4(+) thymocytes had higher frequencies of apoptosis in malnourished rats. The frequency of total dexamethasone-induced apoptosis was found to be similar in both groups of animals. Nevertheless, in malnourished dexamethasone-treated animals, the percentage of apoptotic double-negative thymocytes was significantly higher than in well-nourished animals, while the rate of apoptosis was lower among double-positive cells. In general, the thymus appears more sensitive to the effects of malnutrition and dexamethasone than the spleen. Furthermore, double-negative thymocytes appear to be the most affected.
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Hernández-Gil J, Perelló L, Ortiz R, Alzuet G, González-Álvarez M, Liu-González M. Synthesis, structure and biological properties of several binary and ternary complexes of copper(II) with ciprofloxacin and 1,10 phenanthroline. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Muñoz L, Torres J, Sepúlveda O, Rehhof C, Ortiz R. Frecuencia de comportamientos anormales estereotipados en caballos Chilenos estabulados. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4067/s0301-732x2009000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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68
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Ortiz R, Song J, Niimi Y, Berenstein A. Rate of Recanalization and Safety of Endovascular Embolization of Intracranial Saccular Aneurysms Framed with GDC 360 Coils. Interv Neuroradiol 2008; 14:397-401. [PMID: 20557739 PMCID: PMC3313807 DOI: 10.1177/159101990801400405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Coil compaction and recanalization of cerebral aneurysms treated with coil embolization continue to be of great concern, especially in patients that presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The incidence of recanalization reported by previous studies ranges from 12 to 40 percent in experienced centers. We reviewed the incidence of recanalization requiring retreatment in patients treated with GDC 360 framing coils. A retrospective review of every patient who underwent coil embolization with GDC 360 coils for saccular aneurysms at our institution from December 2004 to March 2008 was performed. We studied the patients' demographics, clinical presentation, aneurysm size and configuration, type of coils used to embolize the aneurysm, the percentage of coils that were GDC 360 in any given aneurysm, the need for remodeling techniques like stent and/or balloon for embolization, immediate complications, cases in which we were unable to frame with the GDC 360 coil, and rate of recanalization on follow- up. A total of 110 patients (33 men, 77 women) and 114 aneurysms were treated with GDC 360 coils. Ninety-eight aneurysms were framed with the GDC 360 coils. There were two patients in whom the initial GDC 360 coil intended for framing had to be pulled out and exchanged for another type of coil. There were five procedure related complications (4.4%). Four patients required intra-arterial abciximab due to thrombus formation. One patient that presented with a grade III subarachnoid hemorrhage had aneurysm rupture while the coil was being advanced. A total of 50 patients (15 men and 35 women) underwent follow-up femoral cerebral angiograms at least six months after coiling (mean follow-up was 15 months). Forty-four of the patients with follow-up had the GDC 360 coil used as a framing coil. Three patients (6%) required retreatment due to recanalization. Every patient with recanalization requiring treatment had aneurysms of the anterior communicating complex that presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The rate of recanalization of cerebral aneurysms embolized with GDC 360 framing coils was lower in our case series compared to the existing literature reports. Patients with aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery were at increased incidence of recanalization in our patient cohort.
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Gusmão L, Alves C, Sánchez-Diz P, Zarrabeitia M, Abovich M, Aragón I, Arce B, Arrieta G, Arroyo E, Atmetlla I, Baeza C, Bobillo M, Cainé L, Campos R, Caraballo L, Carvalho E, Carvalho M, Cicarelli R, Comas D, Corach D, Espinoza M, Espinheira M, Rendo F, García O, Gomes I, González A, Hernández A, Hidalgo M, Lozano P, Malaghini M, Manzanares D, Martínez B, Martins J, Maxzud K, Miguel I, Modesti N, Montesino M, Ortiz R, Pestano J, Pinheiro M, Prieto L, Raimondi E, Riancho J, Rodríguez M, Salgado I, Salgueiro N, Sánchez J, Silva S, Toscanini U, Vidales C, Silva C, Villalobos M, Vullo C, Yurrebaso I, Zubillaga A, Carracedo A, Amorim A. Results of the GEP-ISFG collaborative study on an X-STR Decaplex. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Feldman LE, Agulnik M, Salama J, Ortiz R, Yao M, Pytynia K, Epstein JB, Reisberg D, Minn A, Mundt A. Phase I study of induction chemotherapy followed by intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), accelerated fractionation (AF), simultaneous integrated boost (SIB), and concomitant high dose cisplatin for locally-advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.6073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Munoz-Baell IM, Alvarez-Dardet C, Ruiz MT, Ortiz R, Esteban ML, Ferreiro E. Preventing disability through understanding international megatrends in Deaf bilingual education. J Epidemiol Community Health 2008; 62:131-7. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2006.059378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Baez F, Pillon M, Manfredini L, Ocampo E, Mendez G, Ortiz R, Palacios R, Gutierrez T, Tridello G, Conter V, Valsecchi M, Fossati Bellani F, Cavalli F, Masera G, Rosolen A. Treatment of pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphomas in a country with limited resources: results of the first national protocol in Nicaragua. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 50:148-52. [PMID: 16972240 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of a protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) conducted in Nicaragua in the context of an international collaborative program. Fifty-three children with NHL treated between 1996 and 2003 were retrospectively evaluated. Therapy was designed based on local drug availability and affordability with dose and schedule adaptations for Burkitt and lymphoblastic lymphomas. With a median follow-up of 3 years, the projected 9-year overall survival was 63% and event-free survival 53%. The treatment was efficacious, feasible, and well tolerated in spite of the local socio-economical conditions.
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Rodríguez L, Graniel J, Ortiz R. Effect of leptin on activation and cytokine synthesis in peripheral blood lymphocytes of malnourished infected children. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 148:478-85. [PMID: 17355247 PMCID: PMC1941936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition compromises immune function, resulting in reduced resistance to infection. Recent animal and human studies have suggested that leptin is capable of modulating the immune response and that its levels, which are regulated by nutritional status, fall rapidly during starvation. Leptin deficiency is associated with impaired cell-mediated immunity, an increased incidence of infectious disease and an associated increase in mortality. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of leptin on activation and cytokine production in peripheral blood T cells from malnourished children. The data obtained in the present study demonstrate that leptin produced an increase in the percentage of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells producing interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in 24-h cultures. Moreover, leptin decreased the percentage of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells producing IL-4 and IL-10, and enhanced activation of circulating T cells when co-stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA)-ionomycin. Leptin enhanced the expression of activation markers CD69 and CD25 in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells after 5 h of stimulation. In conclusion, the results obtained show that leptin modulates CD4(+) and CD8(+) cell activation towards a T helper 1 (Th1) phenotype by stimulating the synthesis of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. In contrast, leptin decreases IL-4 and IL-10 production. Moreover, leptin enhanced the expression of CD69 and CD25 on CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells after stimulation with PMA-ionomycin.
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Núñez H, Araya M, Cisternas F, Arredondo M, Méndez M, Pizarro F, Ortiz A, Ortiz R, Olivares M. Blood biochemical indicators in young and adult Cebus apella of both sexes. J Med Primatol 2007; 37:12-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2007.00215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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75
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Ruíz P, Ortiz R, Perelló L, Alzuet G, González-Alvarez M, Liu-González M, Sanz-Ruíz F. Synthesis, structure, and nuclease properties of several binary and ternary complexes of copper(II) with norfloxacin and 1,10 phenantroline. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 101:831-40. [PMID: 17383004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Three new binary Cu(II) complexes of norfloxacin have been synthesized and characterized. We also report the synthesis, characterization and X-ray crystallographic structures of a new binary compound, [Cu(HNor)(2)]Cl(2).2H(2)O (2) and two new ternary complexes norfloxacin-copper(II)-phen, [Cu(Nor)(phen)(H(2)O)](NO(3)).3H(2)O (4), and [Cu(HNor)(phen)(NO(3))](NO(3)).3H(2)O (5). The structure of 2 consists of two crystallographically independent cationic monomeric units of [Cu(HNor)(2)](2+), chloride anions, and uncoordinated water molecules. The Cu(II) ion is placed at a center of symmetry and is coordinated to two norfloxacin ligands which are related through the inversion center. The structures of 4 and 5 consist of cationic units ([Cu(Nor)(phen)(H(2)O)](+) for 4 and [Cu(HNor)(phen)(NO(3))](+) for 5), nitrate counteranions, and lattice water molecules that provide crystalline stability through a network of hydrogen-bond interactions. The complexes exhibit a five coordinated motif in a square pyramidal environment around the metal center. The ability of compounds 4 and 5 to cleave DNA has also been studied. Mechanistic studies with different inhibiting reagents reveal that hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and superoxide radicals are all involved in the DNA scission process mediated by these compounds.
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