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Kondo A, Saito Y, Kageyama H, Seki A, Nanba Y, Okamoto R, Inoue T, Kawamoto K, Fujiwara K, Shimizu N, Maegaki Y, Ohno K. [Marked arytenoid edema in severely disabled children with gastroesophageal reflux]. NO TO HATTATSU = BRAIN AND DEVELOPMENT 2006; 38:468-9. [PMID: 17094569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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Maegaki Y, Kondo A, Okamoto R, Inoue T, Konishi K, Hayashi A, Tsuji Y, Fujii S, Ohno K. Clinical characteristics of acute encephalopathy of obscure origin: a biphasic clinical course is a common feature. Neuropediatrics 2006; 37:269-77. [PMID: 17236105 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical characteristics of acute encephalopathy of obscure origin (AE). STUDY DESIGN We examined clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings in children with AE. Specific subtypes of AE such as Reye's syndrome (RS), acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy (HSE), acute encephalitis with refractory, repetitive partial seizures (AERRPS), and hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia syndrome (HH) were diagnosed. Other AE patients were regarded as non-specific subtype. RESULTS Nineteen patients were identified; specific AEs in 14 and non-specific AE in 5. Patients with RS, ANE, HSE frequently showed neuroimaging abnormalities (9/9) and significant elevation of liver enzymes (7/9) within 2 days after onset. Prognoses were extremely poor; early death in 6 and severe neurological sequelae in 3. Two of the 3 HH patients and 4 of the 5 non-specific AE patients showed biphasic clinical courses (AEBC); consciousness levels transiently improved following initial seizures and were exacerbated at the fourth to sixth days. In AEBC, neuroimaging abnormalities were rarely observed during the acute phase (1/5) but were detectable at clinical exacerbation. They rarely showed severely abnormal elevation in liver enzymes (1/6) and resulted in mild to moderate neurological sequelae (6/6). CONCLUSION A biphasic clinical course is a common feature in HH and non-specific AE.
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Fujii R, Kanai T, Nemoto Y, Makita S, Oshima S, Okamoto R, Tsuchiya K, Totsuka T, Watanabe M. FTY720 suppresses CD4+CD44highCD62L- effector memory T cell-mediated colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 291:G267-74. [PMID: 16574986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00496.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
FTY720, a sphingosine-derived immunomodulator, causes immunosuppression via enhancement of lymphocyte sequestration into secondary lymphoid organs, thereby preventing their antigen-activated T cell egress to sites of inflammation. FTY720 is highly effective in inhibiting autoimmunity in various animal models. However, there is little known about how FTY720 controls the migration property of memory T cells. Here, we demonstrated that FTY720 prevents the development of colitis induced by the adoptive transfer of lamina propria (LP) colitogenic effector memory CD4+ T cells (TEM cells; CD45RB(low)CD44(high)CD62L-) into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice and suppresses interferon-gamma, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by LP CD4+ T cells. The numbers of spleen, peripheral blood, mesenteric lymph node, and LP CD4+ T cells in FTY720-treated mice were significantly reduced compared with those in control mice. Notably, LP CD4+ TEM cells as well as splenic CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells expressed several spingosine-1-phosphate receptors that are targets for FTY720. Furthermore, FTY720 also prevented the development of colitis induced by the adoptive transfer of splenic CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells into SCID mice. Collectively, the present data indicate that FTY720 treatment may offer the potential not only to prevent the onset of disease but also to treat memory T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Miyake Y, Iwasaki Y, Terada R, Onishi T, Okamoto R, Sakai N, Sakaguchi K, Shiratori Y. Clinical characteristics of fulminant-type autoimmune hepatitis: an analysis of eleven cases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 23:1347-53. [PMID: 16629940 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a few adult cases of fulminant-type autoimmune hepatitis have been reported, their clinical features and prognosis have remained uncertain. AIM To assess the clinical features and prognosis of patients with fulminant-type autoimmune hepatitis. METHODS Eleven patients (10%) diagnosed with fulminant-type autoimmune hepatitis in accordance with the 1999 criteria of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group were analysed. RESULTS All 11 patients were female, with a median age of 53 years. Five patients survived without liver transplantation, one received a liver transplantation, and five died without liver transplantation. Nine patients (82%) survived for 2 weeks or more following diagnosis, without liver transplantation. Except for the patient receiving a liver transplantation, serum total bilirubin levels measured during the clinical course were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors, although the accompanying serum alanine aminotransferase levels measured for the two groups were similar. Most significantly, serum total bilirubin levels in non-survivors worsened during days 8-15, while levels in survivors improved during the same period. CONCLUSIONS The short-term prognosis for patients with fulminant-type autoimmune hepatitis may be good. However, patients whose serum total bilirubin levels worsen during days 8-15 should be considered for liver transplantation.
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Yamada A, Fujita N, Sato T, Okamoto R, Ooshio T, Hirota T, Morimoto K, Irie K, Takai Y. Requirement of nectin, but not cadherin, for formation of claudin-based tight junctions in annexin II-knockdown MDCK cells. Oncogene 2006; 25:5085-102. [PMID: 16607281 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) comprise a junctional complex which plays key roles not only in cell adhesion and polarization but also in regulation of cell movement and proliferation in epithelial cells. E-Cadherin and nectin are major cell-cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) at AJs, whereas claudin is a major CAM at TJs. We have shown that the cadherin-based cell-cell adhesion is not formed in MDCK cells in which annexin II, a Ca(2+)- and phospholipid-binding protein, is knocked down. Here, we found that TJs and the nectin-based cell-cell adhesions were formed in annexin II-knockdown cells. The formation of TJs in annexin II-knockdown MDCK cells required the nectin-based cell-cell adhesion and afadin, a nectin- and actin-filament-binding protein. In addition, it required the activation of Cdc42 and Rac small G proteins and subsequent reorganization of the IQGAP1-dependent actin cytoskeleton which were induced by the nectin-based cell-cell adhesion. These results indicate that the nectin-based cell-cell adhesion and afadin, but not the cadherin-based cell-cell adhesion, are necessary for the formation of TJs and that the signaling by nectin and the subsequent reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton are also necessary for the formation of TJs under certain conditions.
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Okamoto R, Fujii S, Inoue T, Lei K, Kondo A, Hirata T, Okada M, Suzaki I, Ogawa T, Maegaki Y, Ohno K. Biphasic clinical course and early white matter abnormalities may be indicators of neurological sequelae after status epilepticus in children. Neuropediatrics 2006; 37:32-41. [PMID: 16541366 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-923949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical course and serial neuroimaging findings are not fully described in children who have had neurological sequelae following status epilepticus. We found four patients who had neurological sequelae out of 42 children with status epilepticus in 2004. MRI studies were reviewed with specific attention to diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (3 patients). The clinical course showed biphasic; initial status epilepticus and neurological exacerbation along with seizure recurrence four to five days after onset. Within three days after initial status epilepticus, CT (all patients) and MRI (2 patients) did not show any abnormalities. From four to ten days after onset, MRI demonstrated diffuse hyperintensity in the cerebral white matter on DWI and hypointensity on ADC maps in all patients. Diffuse brain atrophy progressed thereafter. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-6 was elevated in all patients. A biphasic clinical course may be a specific feature for neurological sequelae. The preferential white matter involvement on MRI and elevated CSF cytokines indicate that glial dysfunction may play an important role in the pathophysiology of status epilepticus-associated cerebral damage.
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Okazawa A, Kanai T, Nakamaru K, Sato T, Inoue N, Ogata H, Iwao Y, Ikeda M, Kawamura T, Makita S, Uraushihara K, Okamoto R, Yamazaki M, Kurimoto M, Ishii H, Watanabe M, Hibi T. Human intestinal epithelial cell-derived interleukin (IL)-18, along with IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15, is a potent synergistic factor for the proliferation of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 136:269-76. [PMID: 15086390 PMCID: PMC1809038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-derived cytokines, such as stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-15 are known to be required for the development of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). A newly described cytokine, IL-18, has also been shown to be produced by intestinal epithelial cells. To demonstrate the functional effects of IL-18 on human IELs, we assessed IL-18/IL-18 receptor expression in IEC/IEL and proliferation following stimulation of intestinal IELs by IL-18. IL-18 transcripts were detected both in freshly isolated human colonic epithelial cells and in various colonic epithelial cell lines. IL-18 protein was also detected by ELISA and flow cytometric analysis using antihuman IL-18-specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb). Furthermore, IELs constitutively expressed the IL-18 receptor in addition to the IL-2 and IL-7 receptors. More importantly, IL-18 augmented significant proliferative responses of IEL in combination with IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 both in the presence and in absence of anti-CD3 MoAb. These results suggest that IL-18 might play a crucial role in the proliferation and maintenance of intestinal IELs.
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Nishikawa R, Siepler S, Siepler J, Diamantidis T, Okamoto R. Intravenous pamidronate improves bone mineral density in home parenteral nutrition patients. Clin Nutr 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(03)80330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Siepler J, Diamantidis T, Okamoto R. Home parenteral nutrition in patients using specialized home care providers without complications has a higher quality of life than those using a general home care provider. Clin Nutr 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(03)80335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fujioka S, Yamamoto K, Okamoto R, Miyake M, Ujike K, Shimada N, Terada R, Miyake Y, Nakajima H, Piao CY, Iwasaki Y, Tanimizu M, Tsuji T. Laparoscopic features of primary biliary cirrhosis in AMA-positive and AMA-negative patients. Endoscopy 2002; 34:318-21. [PMID: 11932789 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Antimitochondrial antibody (AMA)-negative primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) has been difficult to diagnose. Laparoscopic features of AMA-negative PBC were evaluated in comparison with those of AMA-positive PBC and autoimmune hepatitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS 71 patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for PBC were enrolled in the study; 48 were AMA-positive and 23 were AMA-negative. As a disease control, 46 autoimmune hepatitis patients were included. Both the frequency and specificity of each laparoscopic finding were evaluated. A laparoscopic scoring system was introduced, which used, common and uncommon laparoscopic findings, and was evaluated for the diagnosis of AMA-negative PBC. RESULTS The characteristic laparoscopic findings for AMA-positive PBC were yellowish-white marking (92 %), dark-brown discoloration (73 %), gentle undulation (67 %), reddish patch (38 %), and yellowish-white nodules (32 %). On the other hand, laparoscopic findings such as trench-like depression, reddish markings, and wide and small depressions were uncommon in PBC compared with autoimmune hepatitis. The frequencies of characteristic and uncommon laparoscopic findings did not differ statistically between AMA-positive and AMA-negative PBC, but were different between AMA-positive or AMA-negative PBC and autoimmune hepatitis. Scores based on common and uncommon laparoscopic findings were 5.5 +/- 1.5 (mean +/- SD) in AMA-positive PBC, 5.6 +/- 2.0 in AMA-negative PBC, and - 0.30 +/- 0.5 in autoimmune hepatitis. CONCLUSION The laparoscopic findings in AMA-negative PBC did not differ from those of AMA-positive PBC. A laparoscopic scoring system may be helpful in the diagnosis of AMA-negative PBC.
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Sato M, Takagi T, Okamoto R, Koshino T, Goto H, Ito J, Yamamoto K, Makita H, Hayashi T, Uesugi M, Saito T. Upregulation of CD44 expression on bovine articular chondrocytes induced by synthetic lipid A. Mod Rheumatol 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s101650200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sato M, Takagi T, Okamoto R, Koshino T, Goto H, Ito J, Yamamoto K, Makita H, Hayashi T, Uesugi M, Saito T. Upregulation of CD44 expression on bovine articular chondrocytes induced by synthetic lipid A. Mod Rheumatol 2002; 12:18-23. [PMID: 24383827 DOI: 10.3109/s101650200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The purpose of the study reported in this article was to investigate effects of synthetic lipid A on the expression of adhesion molecule CD44 on bovine articular chondrocytes. Full-thickness bovine articular cartilage was dissected from the carpometacarpal joints of 24 cows. Cartilage pieces were enzymatically digested to liberate chondrocytes. The chondrocytes were incubated in the presence of synthetic lipid A in suspension culture. Cell characteristics and binding of monoclonal antihuman CD44 antibodies were assessed with a flow cytometer. The expression of CD44 mRNA in chondrocytes was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. PCR products were quantified with a charge-coupled device image sensor. The percentage of CD44-positive chondrocytes was 42.2% ± 12.0%, 51.7% ± 6.8%, and 51.1% ± 5.0%, in the presence of lipid A at 0.25 μg/ml, 2.5 μg/ml, and 25 μg/ml, respectively, whereas it was 39.2% ± 8.9% in the absence of lipid A. In flow cytometry, two subpopulations of chondrocytes were found in each of five separate experiments, one with smaller number of forward scatter (FS) and the other with larger number of FS. The percentage of CD44-positive cells was 24.8% ± 8.5% in the subpopulation with smaller number of FS and 31.9% ± 6.4% in the subpopulation with larger number of FS at time 24 h after incubation. The bacterial component, lipid A, upregulated expression of CD44 on articular chondrocytes.
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Park JS, Yamamoto W, Sekikawa T, Matsukawa M, Okamoto R, Sasaki M, Ukon K, Tanimoto K, Kumazaki T, Nishiyama M. Cellular sensitivity determinants to docetaxel in human gastrointestinal cancers. Int J Oncol 2002. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.20.2.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Takagi T, Okamoto R, Sakai N, Goto H, Noyori K, Koshino T. Expression of CD44 in synovium of rabbits with chronic arthritis induced by immunization with Escherichia coli. J Rheumatol 2001; 28:2579-82. [PMID: 11764200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of CD44 and its role in experimental chronic arthritis in rabbits. METHODS Rabbits were immunized with Escherichia coli 0:14 for short (4 mo) and long (8-10 mo) periods. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on knees, using anti-CD44 antibodies. RESULTS Lymphocyte infiltration in the synovium was found in 30.0% of rabbits after short term immunization, and the rate increased to 58.3% after longterm immunization. CD44 was present in synovial lining cells in 30.0% of rabbits after short term immunization, and it increased significantly (p < 0.05) after longterm immunization (66.7%). CD44 was also observed in lymphocytes in knee synovium after longterm immunization (25.0%). CONCLUSION CD44 in lining cells might play a role in promoting chronic arthritis in rabbits immunized with E. coli.
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Kitasato H, Noda M, Akahoshi T, Okamoto R, Koshino T, Murakami Y, Inoue M, Kawai S. Activated Ras modifies the proliferative response of rheumatoid synovial cells to TNF-alpha and TGF-alpha. Inflamm Res 2001; 50:592-7. [PMID: 11822784 DOI: 10.1007/pl00000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the proliferative response of rheumatoid synovial fibroblast (RSF) to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha. METHODS V-Ki-ras gene was introduced into RSF using a retrovirus and the proliferative response of these cells to TNF-alpha or TGF-alpha was estimated by measuring the uptake of 3H-thymidine. The effect of a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, PD98059, was also investigated. RESULTS Consistent with previous reports, TNF-alpha and TGF-alpha stimulated the proliferation of RSF. When the v-Ki-ras gene was expressed, the basal growth rate of these cells was increased, but their growth was suppressed by TNF-alpha or TGF-alpha. The latter effect was abolished when the cells were exposed to a relatively low concentration of PD98059. CONCLUSION Ras modulates the proliferative response of RSF to TNF-alpha and TGF-alpha.
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Okamoto R, Takano H, Sekikawa T, Tanaka T, Toyada M, Ukon K, Tanimoto K, Kumazaki T, Nishiyama M. Unique action determinants of double acting topoisomerase inhibitor, TAS-103. Int J Oncol 2001; 19:921-7. [PMID: 11604989 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.19.5.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), and glutathione (GSH) are found to participate in resistance to TAS-103, a topoisomerase I/II inhibitor. In 13 human cancer cell lines, MGMT expression correlated with IC50 for TAS-103, whereas gamma-GCS expression inversely correlated with the IC50 value, suggesting MGMT may work to decrease TAS-103 activity but gamma-GCS may increase it. A reduced gamma-GCS and GSH, and an increased MGMT were associated with the development of resistance in A549 and DLD cells, and gamma-GCS inhibition by buthionine sulphoximine increased the TAS-103 resistance, whereas MGMT inhibition by both O6-benzyl-guanine and MGMT-antisense transfection sensitized cells to TAS-103.
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Lee K, Lim JK, Yong D, Yum J, Chong Y, Okamoto R, Inoue M. Evaluation of efficiency of screening extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in hospitals where the bacteria are increasingly prevalent. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3696-9. [PMID: 11574594 PMCID: PMC88410 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.10.3696-3699.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The disk screening methods for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains were evaluated. The confirmatory work is reduced significantly in settings such as those in this study, by changing the cefpodoxime breakpoint to < or =20 mm and by not testing cefoxitin-resistant isolates. Cefotaxime and ceftazidime disk screening is reliable, and the laboratory-prepared cefotaxime- and ceftazidime-clavulanic acid disks are stable at -20 degrees C for 12 weeks.
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Kanai T, Watanabe M, Okazawa A, Sato T, Yamazaki M, Okamoto S, Ishii H, Totsuka T, Iiyama R, Okamoto R, Ikeda M, Kurimoto M, Takeda K, Akira S, Hibi T. Macrophage-derived IL-18-mediated intestinal inflammation in the murine model of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 2001; 121:875-88. [PMID: 11606501 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2001.28021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with an increased number of infiltrating macrophages, which release a variety of proinflammatory cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-18 has been implicated in the modulation of mucosal CD4(+) T cells towards Th1 responses, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of CD. Here we assess the role of macrophages and of IL-18 in the murine model of intestinal inflammation that mimics the immunologic characteristics of human CD. METHODS Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice immunized with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) followed by rectal administration of TNBS in ethanol. Mice were treated with either an antibody directed against macrophages conjugated to the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin (anti-Mac-1-saporin) or with a neutralizing antibody against IL-18. In addition, we assessed whether an identical TNBS immunization/challenge protocol could induce colitis in IL-18(-/-) mice. RESULTS The colonic mucosa of TNBS-treated mice was marked by infiltration of Mac-1-positive macrophages and up-regulation of IL-18. The administration of the anti-Mac-1-saporin antibody or the neutralizing anti-IL-18 antibody resulted in a dramatic attenuation of mucosal inflammation in this model. In addition, TNBS was unable to induce significant colitis in the IL-18(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data underscore the pivotal role of macrophages, and the macrophage-derived IL-18, in the establishment of TNBS-induced colitis in mice. Our results highlight the potential use of therapy directed against IL-18 in the treatment of patients with CD.
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Okamoto R. [Development of practical care management guidelines for community health care]. [NIHON KOSHU EISEI ZASSHI] JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2001; 48:773-84. [PMID: 11676094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop practical guidelines for care management processes (hereafter referred to as practical guidelines) that can be widely used for Japanese community health care activities. The composition of the practical guidelines was based on assessment to clarify the quality of care management process. Details for items show of concrete activities were collected by brain storming of skilled community health nurses; and important items were thereby selected. The utility of the practical guidelines was examined based on the results of their application to several cases and a mail questionnaire survey of community health nurses and staff members of home-care support centers. Further, modifications were carried out several times in a series of processes. These efforts resulted in development of 45 practical items; each consisting of 4 sub-items, and the practical guidelines became more adequate through the investigation. They were found useful for implementing care management, evaluating the care system, and educating the current staff members and students. The concrete effects of utilizing these practical guidelines should be examined in more detail in the future.
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Ida T, Okamoto R, Shimauchi C, Okubo T, Kuga A, Inoue M. Identification of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes by susceptibility testing: epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3115-21. [PMID: 11526138 PMCID: PMC88306 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.9.3115-3121.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiple-primer PCR was used to identify genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in 381 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The technique used three sets of primers delineating specific DNA fragments of the aph(3')-III, ant(4')-I, and aac(6')-aph(2") genes, which influence the MICs of gentamicin, tobramycin, and lividomycin. Isolates with none of the three genes detected were susceptible to all three agents. Isolates with the aph(3')-III gene showed resistance to lividomycin (MIC > 1,024 microg/ml), and those with the ant(4')-I gene were resistant to tobramycin (MIC > or = 8 microg/ml). Isolates with only the aac(6')-aph(2") gene were resistant to gentamicin (MIC > or = 8 microg/ml) and tobramycin in decreasing order; those with both the ant(4')-I and aac(6')-aph(2") genes also were resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin, but in increasing order. Susceptibility testing, then, could detect specific genes. In 381 Japanese MRSA isolates, the ant(4')-I, aac(6')-aph(2"), and aph(3')-III genes were prevalent in 84.5, 61.7, and 8.9%, respectively. Isolates with only the ant(4')-I gene had coagulase type II or III, but isolates with both the ant(4')-I and aac(6')-aph(2") genes included all coagulase types. Most isolates with coagulase type IV or VII carried the aac(6')-aph(2") gene. Of the MRSA isolates with ant(4')-I and/or aac(6')-aph(2") genes, 97% were resistant to aminoglycosides in clinical use, but a new aminoglycoside, arbekacin, had excellent activity against these isolates.
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Egawa T, Kawabata K, Kawamoto H, Amada K, Okamoto R, Fujii N, Kishimoto T, Katsura Y, Nagasawa T. The earliest stages of B cell development require a chemokine stromal cell-derived factor/pre-B cell growth-stimulating factor. Immunity 2001; 15:323-34. [PMID: 11520466 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors essential for the first stages of B lymphopoiesis remain elusive. Here, we report that immediately after commitment to B lineage, precursors become dependent on a chemokine SDF-1 and its receptor CXCR4 using mutant and radiation chimeric mice. In bone marrow, generation of the earliest identifiable B cell precursor populations requires CXCR4. In fetal liver, we identified Lin(-)CD19(-)c-kit(+)IL-7Ralpha(+)AA4.1(+), the earliest unipotent B cell precursor population, and found that its development was severely affected in SDF-1(-/-) embryos but not in IL-7(-/-) embryos. Lin(-) T cell progenitors appeared normal in SDF-1(-/-) embryos. Moreover, SDF-1 exhibited specific biologic activities on the earliest B cell precursors. SDF-1 provides the first example of a cytokine responsible for the earliest B lineage stages.
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Yamawaki K, Ito M, Machida H, Moriki N, Okamoto R, Isaka N, Shimpo H, Kohda A, Okumura K, Hartshorne DJ, Nakano T. Identification of human CPI-17, an inhibitory phosphoprotein for myosin phosphatase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 285:1040-5. [PMID: 11467857 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CPI-17 is a phosphorylation-dependent inhibitor of myosin phosphatase. cDNA clones encoding CPI-17 were isolated from a human aorta library. Overlapping clones indicated two isoforms: CPI-17alpha was 147 residues and mass of 16.7 kDa; CPI-17beta (120 residues, mass 13.5 kDa) resulted from a deletion in the alpha-isoform of 27 residues, sequence 68-94. N-terminal 67 residues of all CPI-17 isoforms (human, porcine, rat and mouse) were highly conserved (for the human and porcine isoforms the identity was 91%). The presence of the two human isoforms was detected from cDNA sequences amplified by RT-PCR and by Western blots on human aorta. The cloned human CPI-17 gene indicated 4 coding exons and CPI-17beta was an alternative splice variant due to deletion of the second exon. FISH analysis located the human CPI-17 gene on chromosome 19q13.1.
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Takagi T, Koshino T, Okamoto R. Arthroscopic synovectomy for rheumatoid arthritis using a holmium:YAG laser. J Rheumatol 2001; 28:1518-22. [PMID: 11469456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the usefulness of the holmium:YAG laser system in arthroscopic synovectomy (ASSX) for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS ASSX was performed on 15 knees (one Larsen Grade 1, 7 Grade 2, 7 Grade 3) and 8 ankles (6 Grade 2, 2 Grade 3) of 17 female patients with RA. The average age at ASSX was 50.6 years (25-70). The average followup period was 24.4 months (10-47). RESULTS Seven out of 8 knees with grade 1 or 2 had reduced pain and swelling, as well as decreased average serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (from 3.6+/-1.1 to 1.4+/-0.3 mg/dl). However, 4 out of 7 knees with grade 3 showed recurrence of pain and swelling along with persistent average serum level of CRP (from 4.3+/-1.0 to 3.8+/-1.0 mg/dl). All 8 ankles with Grade 2 or Grade 3 experienced reduced pain and swelling, while the average serum CRP levels did not change (from 3.2+/-0.9 to 2.9+/-1.0 mg/dl). CONCLUSION The Holmium:YAG laser was useful in ASSX for treating RA knees and ankles.
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Okamoto R, Yamamoto K, Yabushita K, Okano N, Shimada N, Matsumura S, Mizuno M, Higashi T, Tsuji T. T cell repertoire in primary biliary cirrhosis: a common T cell clone and repertoire change after treatment. J Clin Immunol 2001; 21:278-85. [PMID: 11506198 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010983325927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell repertoire was analyzed in three early-stage primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism. Multiple expanded clones were demonstrated in livers and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of all three patients. Comparison of the repertoire of different parts of the liver demonstrated the presence of common clones in various Vbeta families. Comparison of the repertoire between the liver and PBL demonstrated that both CD4 and CD8 T cell clones were expanded. Sequence analysis of complementarity determining region 3 of the expanded clones revealed that relatively conserved amino acids were utilized in each patient and that an identical CD4 T cell clone having Vbeta16 was present in all three patients. The number of expanded T cell clones in PBL decreased markedly after the treatment with prednisolone. These results suggest that common T cell clones may play a pathogenic role in PBC.
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Matsumura S, Yamamoto K, Shimada N, Okano N, Okamoto R, Suzuki T, Hakoda T, Mizuno M, Higashi T, Tsuji T. High frequency of circulating HBcAg-specific CD8 T cells in hepatitis B infection: a flow cytometric analysis. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 124:435-44. [PMID: 11472405 PMCID: PMC1906072 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral antigen-specific T cells are important for virus elimination. We studied the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T cell response using flow cytometry. Three phases of HBV infection were studied: Group A, HBeAg (+) chronic hepatitis; Group B, HBeAb (+) HBV carrier after seroconversion; and Group C, HBsAb (+) phase. Peripheral T cells were incubated with recombinant HB core antigen (HBcAg), and intracytoplasmic cytokines were analysed by flow cytometry. HBcAg-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells were identified in all three groups and the number of IFN-gamma-positive T cells was greater than TNF-alpha-positive T cells. The frequency of IFN-gamma-positive CD4 and CD8 T cells was highest in Group C, compared with Groups A and B. No significant difference in the HBcAg-specific T cell response was observed between Group A and Group B. The HBcAg-specific CD8 T cell response was diminished by CD4 depletion, addition of antibody against human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I, class II or CD40L. Cytokine-positive CD8 T cells without HBcAg stimulation were present at a high frequency (7 of 13 cases) in Group B, but were rare in other groups. HBcAg-specific T cells can be detected at high frequency by a sensitive flow cytometric analysis, and these cells are important for controlling HBV replication.
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