51
|
Roy R, Zayas J, Singh SK, Delgado K, Wood SJ, Mohamed MF, Frausto DM, Estupinian R, Giurini EF, Kuzel TM, Zloza A, Reiser J, Shafikhani SH. Overriding impaired FPR chemotaxis signaling in diabetic neutrophil stimulates infection control in murine diabetic wound. eLife 2022; 11:72071. [PMID: 35112667 PMCID: PMC8846594 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is a major co-morbidity that contributes to impaired healing in diabetic wounds. Although impairments in diabetic neutrophils have been blamed for this co-morbidity, what causes these impairments and whether they can be overcome, remain largely unclear. Diabetic neutrophils, isolated from diabetic individuals, exhibit chemotaxis impairment but this peculiar functional impairment has been largely ignored because it appears to contradict the clinical findings which blame excessive neutrophil influx as a major impediment to healing in chronic diabetic ulcers. Here, we report that exposure to glucose in diabetic range results in impaired chemotaxis signaling through the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) in neutrophils, culminating in reduced chemotaxis and delayed neutrophil trafficking in the wound of Leprdb (db/db) type two diabetic mice, rendering diabetic wound vulnerable to infection. We further show that at least some auxiliary receptors remain functional under diabetic conditions and their engagement by the pro-inflammatory cytokine CCL3, overrides the requirement for FPR signaling and substantially improves infection control by jumpstarting the neutrophil trafficking toward infection, and stimulates healing in diabetic wound. We posit that CCL3 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers if it is applied topically after the surgical debridement process which is intended to reset chronic ulcers into acute fresh wounds.
Collapse
|
52
|
Raina P, Singh SK, Goswami AK, Kashyap MK, Khullar M, Sharma SK, Barwal KC. MN/CA9 gene expression as a potential tumor marker for renal cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:333-343. [PMID: 34716861 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MN/CA9 is a cell surface glycoprotein and a tumor-associated antigen. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell proliferation and oncogenesis. There is no ideal tumor marker currently available for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, we studied MN/CA9 gene expression in the tumor tissue, apparently normal kidney tissue, preoperative blood, and urine samples of patients with RCC. We included thirty cases of renal tumors (26 RCC and 4 benign tumors) in the study. We applied an RT-PCR assay for MN/CA9 gene expression to 26 RCC kidney tumor samples and four benign kidney tumor tissue samples. We also evaluated MN/CA9 gene expression in preoperative blood and urine samples of 15 of these cases. Additionally, thirty-five grossly normal renal tissue samples, including 21 from kidneys with RCC, were also evaluated for gene expression. The RT-PCR analysis revealed that twenty-one out of 26 RCC tissue samples showed MN/CA9 gene expression compared to three out of 35 non-malignant renal tissue samples (p < 0.05). Two out of four benign renal tissue samples also expressed this gene. We also observed MN/CA9 gene expression in nine out of 15 blood samples and four out of 15 urine samples. All patients with urinary MN/CA9 gene expression showed expression in blood and tumor tissue samples. We found a correlation in terms of MN/CA9 expression between blood and tumor tissue samples of RCC patients as those who exhibit MN/CA9 expression in blood were also positive at the tumor tissue levels. The difference in MN/CA9 gene expression in tumor tissue, blood, and urine samples in relation to the stage of the disease, nuclear grade, and histological cell-type was not statistically significant. However, all the three patients who had metastatic RCC had MN/CA9 gene expression in their blood. The existence of a tumor-associated antigen such as MN/CA9 may present a possible target for molecular diagnosis and management of RCC.
Collapse
|
53
|
Singh SK, Goyal A, Gauba K, Bhandari S, Kaur S. Full coverage crowns for rehabilitation of MIH affected molars: 24 month randomized clinical trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:147-158. [PMID: 34398412 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teeth affected with severe molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) require extensive restorations, which do not last for a long time and often require treatment in the form of onlays or full coverage restorations. AIM To evaluate and compare the clinical performance of zirconia, lithium disilicate, and cast metal crowns as full-coverage restorations on MIH-affected first permanent molars (FPMs). METHODS 60 MIH affected FPMs requiring full-coverage crowns were identified in children aged 8-15 years and were randomly allocated to the three treatment groups according to the type of full coverage restoration received using block randomization technique. After an adequate removal of the MIH defect and restoration with composite resin, the tooth preparation was done followed by fabrication of crown and its cementation using resin cement. The intergroup comparison was done on the basis of USPHS criteria, gingival, plaque scores, patient and parents acceptance through a visual analog scale to decipher their clinical performance at 6, 12, 24 months. RESULTS After 24 months, the crowns showed similar clinical success in terms of the criterias used to compare their clinical performance. The retention, marginal adaptation, relief from hypersensitivity, proximal contact, gingival health with no statistically significant difference among the three groups. CONCLUSION Based on the observations, Lithium disilicate, Zirconia and full cast metal crowns showed similar clinical success in rehabilitation of First permanent molars with severe MIH over 24 months of evaluation. The clinical success is not influenced by the material of the restoration. However, prospective studies with a longer follow-up are required to reach a more definitive conclusion.
Collapse
|
54
|
Kumar A, Goyal A, Gauba K, Kapur A, Singh SK, Mehta SK. An evaluation of remineralised MIH using CPP-ACP and fluoride varnish: An in-situ and in-vitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:79-87. [PMID: 34057698 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) affected teeth have enamel with altered mineral content like decreased calcium and phosphorus and increased carbon content leading to porous enamel and subsequent post-eruptive breakdown. AIM An in situ study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of a Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP)-based cream and fluoride varnish on the remineralization of MIH affected teeth. METHODS Enamel slabs were prepared from MIH affected teeth that had been extracted for various reasons and inserted in appliances of 30 participants who were undergoing interceptive orthodontic therapy. They were randomly divided into two groups using block randomization technique: Group A-daily single application of CPP-ACP cream (n = 15); Group B-professional application of fluoride varnishes every 3 months (n = 15). After 6 months of regular wear of the appliance, the enamel slabs were placed under Field Emission Scanning Microscope (FESEM) and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) for evaluation of ultra structure and mineral content, respectively. RESULTS A significant increase in calcium and phosphorus content, and a decrease in carbon content was observed within the 6 months period, suggesting remineralization in both the groups. On comparing the Ca:P and Ca:C ratios, a significant increase in the Ca:C ratio was evident in the two groups. No significant difference was seen in the Ca:P ratio in the CPP-ACP group at six months. The inter-group comparison did not reveal any significant difference between the two groups either at baseline or at 6 months post-intervention. CONCLUSION Remineralization can be achieved in MIH affected teeth with the use of remineralizing agents.
Collapse
|
55
|
Singh SK, Wu X, Shao C, Zhang H. Microbial enhancement of plant nutrient acquisition. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:3. [PMID: 37676341 PMCID: PMC10441942 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient availability is a determining factor for crop yield and quality. While fertilization is a major approach for improving plant nutrition, its efficacy can be limited and the production and application of fertilizers frequently bring problems to the environment. A large number of soil microbes are capable of enhancing plant nutrient acquisition and thereby offer environmentally benign solutions to meet the requirements of plant nutrition. Herein we provide summations of how beneficial microbes enhance plant acquisition of macronutrients and micronutrients. We also review recent studies on nutrition-dependent plant-microbe interactions, which highlight the plant's initiative in establishing or deterring the plant-microbe association. By dissecting complex signaling interactions between microbes within the root microbiome, a greater understanding of microbe-enhanced plant nutrition under specific biotic and abiotic stresses will be possible.
Collapse
|
56
|
Evans MJ, Gibson A, Fielding H, Ohal P, Pandey P, Kumar A, Singh SK, Airikkala-Otter I, Abela-Ridder B, Gamble L, Handel I, Bronsvoort BMDC, Mellanby RJ, Mazeri S. Free-roaming dog population dynamics in Ranchi, India. Res Vet Sci 2022; 143:115-123. [PMID: 35007799 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rabies causes approximately 20,000 human deaths in India each year. Nearly all of these occur following dog bites. Large-scale, high-coverage dog rabies vaccination campaigns are the cornerstone of rabies elimination strategies in both human and dog populations, although this is particularly challenging to achieve in India as a large proportion of the dog population are free-roaming and unowned. Further, little is known about free-roaming dog ecology in India which makes defining optimum vaccination strategies difficult. In this study, data collected using a mobile phone application during three annual mass vaccination and neutering (surgical sterilisation of both males and females) campaigns of free-roaming dogs in Ranchi, India (during which a total of 43,847 vaccinations, 26,213 neuter surgeries and 28,172 re-sight observations were made) were interrogated, using two novel approaches to estimate the proportion of neutered dogs that were lost from the city (assumed due to mortality or migration) between campaign years. Analysis revealed high losses of neutered dogs each year, ranging from 25.3% (28.2-22.8) to 55.8% (57.0-54.6). We also estimated that the total population declined by 12.58% (9.89-15.03) over the three-year period. This demonstrates that there is a high turnover of free-roaming dogs and that despite neutering a large number of dogs in an annual sterilisation campaign, the decline in population size was modest over a three-year time period. These findings have significant implications for the planning of rabies vaccination campaigns and population management programmes as well as highlighting the need for further research into the demographics of free-roaming, unowned dogs in India.
Collapse
|
57
|
Dar AH, Singh SK, Rahman JU, Ahmad SF. The effects of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and/or prebiotic mannan oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient utilization, blood metabolites, faecal bacteria, and economics of crossbred calves. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2022; 23:322-330. [PMID: 36874183 PMCID: PMC9984140 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2022.42992.6259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The ban on antibiotics as growth promoters paved the way for probiotics and prebiotics as growth promoters in animal production. Aims The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and/or prebiotic Mannan oligosaccharides on growth performance, blood biochemical variables, and faecal bacterial count in crossbred calves. Methods Fifteen-day-old crossbred calves (n=24) were divided into four groups, each consisting of six calves, and subjected to different experimental diets. The control group (T0) received a basal diet without any additives. The T1 and T2 groups received the basal diet and the probiotic (L. acidophilus, 2 × 1010 cfu/g) @ 1 g/calf per day and prebiotic (Mannan oligosaccharide) @ 4 g/calf per day, respectively. Calves of the T3 group were offered a basal diet and synbiotic (L. acidophilus, 0.5 g + Mannan oligosaccharide, 2 g/calf per day). The feed additives were mixed in milk. Results The results of 90 days feeding trial showed that calves of the T3 and T1 groups had higher (P<0.05) body weight (BW) gain and dry matter digestibility than the control. Feeding the probiotic showed a positive effect (P<0.05) on body length at the first, second, and third months, compared to the control. The blood serum total protein and globulin concentrations in the T1 group, on days 30 and 90, and T3 group, on day 90, were higher (P<0.05) than those of the control. All the treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) showed a reduction (P<0.05) in faecal coliform and E. coli count, compared to the control, on the 15th and 30th days of the study. Additionally, the T2 group showed a significant coliform count reduction on days 45 and 60 of the study. Conclusion The dietary addition of L. acidophilus, 2 × 1010 cfu/g @ 1 g/calf per day and the combination of L. acidophilus, 0.5 g + Mannan oligosaccharide, 2 g/calf per day improved growth performance, serum biochemical values, and favourable gut microbiota.
Collapse
|
58
|
Singhal D, Kanodia N, Singh R, Singh SK, Agrawal S. Predicting Quadruple Semitendinosus Graft Size for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction by Patient Anthropometric Variables: A Cohort Study of 280 Cases. Malays Orthop J 2021; 15:71-77. [PMID: 34966498 PMCID: PMC8667253 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2111.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pre-operative identification of patients with inadequate hamstring graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is still a subject of interest. The purpose of this study is to correlate dimension of a harvested dimensions graft with patient physical anthropometric variables. Materials and methods: This cohort study included 280 patients (male = 226, female = 54) scheduled for primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Interrelationships between quadruple semitendinosus (ST) graft and anthropometric parameters (age, sex, height, weight, and BMI) were assessed using Pearson Correlation test and regression analysis. Difference among gender was analysed using Mann Whitney and t test. The observed graft diameter was also compared with the literature using Bland – Altman plot. Results: Mean age of cohort was 29 years (range, 17-50 years), mean height was 1.69m (range, 1.6-1.9m), mean weight was 75 kg (range, 50-116kg) and mean BMI was 26kg/m2 (range 16.65-40.40kg/m2). Mean quadruple length of harvested ST graft was 7cm (7.1±0.6 cm, range, 5.6-8.8cm) and mean diameter was 8mm (8.2±0.8mm, range, 6.5-10mm). Only height and weight were significantly correlated with graft length and diameter in both sex (p value <0.05). Female, compared to male, had significantly smaller (p<0.0001) and thinner graft (p<0.0001). There was a strong agreement between the literature and our observed graft diameter, but with an overestimated graft diameter in 18.5% of the cases. Conclusion: Among anthropometric parameter, only height and weight had moderate positive correlation with graft diameter. Males had longer and wider ST graft in contrast to age-matched female group.
Collapse
|
59
|
Rajin TR, Patra MK, Sheikh PA, Singh AK, Mishra GK, Karikalan M, Singh SK, Kumar H, Gaur GK, Krishnaswamy N. Expression of kisspeptin and its receptor in different functional classes of ovarian follicle in the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Theriogenology 2021; 179:87-96. [PMID: 34861556 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the differential expression of kisspeptinergic system in the bubaline hypothalamus and corpus luteum. Here, we document the expression of kisspeptin (Kp) and its receptor (Kiss1r) in the ovarian follicles of the buffalo with respect to the functional status. Follicles of ≥10 to ≤13 mm diameter (n = 45) were retrospectively categorized into active (n = 18), intermediate (n = 16) and atretic (n = 11) follicles based on the concentrations of intrafollicular progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2). The P4:E2 ratio was significantly lower in the active follicle (0.43 ± 0.08) than that of the intermediate (3.46 ± 0.53) and atretic (28.4 ± 10.6) follicles (P < 0.05). Relative fold change in the transcripts of kisspeptin (Kiss1), Kiss1r, gonadotrophin receptors, steroid acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (CYP11A1), cytochrome P450 Family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1), insulin like growth factor -1 (IGF-1), apoptotic factors (caspase 3 and B-cell lymphoma 2, BCL2) was calculated using qPCR in the follicular wall of the three categories of follicle (n = 8/group). In another experiment, histological sections of the ovary (n = 41) were used to group the follicles as described above and immunostaining of Kp, Kiss1r and aromatase was done. A significant upregulation of StAR, CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 in the active follicles supported the endocrine basis of follicular classification. The transcripts of Kiss1 and Kiss1r were upregulated by 19.45 fold and 4.25 fold, respectively in the active follicle as compared to other groups. Immunolocalization studies revealed that Kp and Kiss1r were localized to the basal and antral granulosa cells (GC) of the active and intermediate follicles; however, the staining intensity was stronger in the former group. Strong expression of CYP19A1 in the GC layer of active follicle supported the histological basis of defining the functional status of the follicle. It is concluded that the follicular compartment of the bubaline ovary expressed the constituents of kisspeptinergic system. The expression of Kp and Kiss1r was influenced by the functional status of the follicle with intense localization in the GC layer of the active follicles.
Collapse
|
60
|
Yadav SK, Agrawal SK, Singh SK, Giri A, Singh GK, Ghimire R, Stewart AG, Show KL, Moses FL. Antimicrobial resistance in neonates with suspected sepsis. Public Health Action 2021; 11:6-12. [PMID: 34778009 PMCID: PMC8575386 DOI: 10.5588/pha.21.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. OBJECTIVE To determine the pattern of antimicrobial resistance and hospital exit outcomes in neonates with suspected sepsis in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). DESIGN This hospital-based cohort study was conducted to follow patients from January to December 2019. All identified cases of suspected sepsis were enlisted from hospital records. RESULTS Sepsis was suspected in 177 (88%) of the 200 cases admitted in the NICU; 52 (29%) were culture-positive. Pseudomonas was the predominant organism isolated (n = 40; 78%), followed by coagulase negative staphylococcus (n = 12, 23%). Nine (17%) of the 52 isolates were resistant to the Access and Watch group of antibiotics, including some resistance to Reserve group drugs such as imipenem and linezolid. Most treated cases (n = 170, 96%) improved, although 7 (4%) left against medical advice. CONCLUSION Most of the pathogens were resistant to WHO Access and Watch antibiotics and occasional resistance was observed to Reserve group drugs. Most sepsis was caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Improving turnaround times for antibiotic sensitivity testing using point-of-care testing, and a greater yield of culture-positive results are needed to enhance the management of neonatal sepsis.
Collapse
|
61
|
Karn RR, Acharya R, Rajbanshi AK, Singh SK, Thakur SK, Shah SK, Singh AK, Shah R, Upadhya Kafle S, Bhattachan M, Abrahamyan A, Shewade HD, Zachariah R. Antibiotic resistance in patients with chronic ear discharge awaiting surgery in Nepal. Public Health Action 2021; 11:1-5. [PMID: 34778008 PMCID: PMC8575382 DOI: 10.5588/pha.21.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal, which offers ear surgery for chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). OBJECTIVE In patients with CSOM awaiting surgery, to determine the 1) sociodemographic characteristics 2) bacterial isolates and their antibiotic resistance patterns and 3) characteristics of those refused surgery, including antibiotic resistance. DESIGN A cohort study using hospital data, January 2018-January 2020. RESULTS Of 117 patients with CSOM and awaiting surgery, 64% were in the 18-35 years age group, and 79% were cross-border from India. Of 118 bacterial isolates, 80% had Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 16% had Staphylococcus aureus. All isolates showed multidrug resistance to nine of the 12 antibiotics tested. The lowest antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa was for vancomycin (29%) and moxifloxacin (36%), and for S. aureus, this was vancomycin (9%) and amikacin (17%). Fourteen (12%) patients underwent surgery: myringoplasty (n = 7, 50%), cortical mastoidectomy with tympanostomy (n = 4, 29%) and modified radical mastoidectomy (n = 3, 21%). Those infected with P. aeruginosa and with resistance to over six antibiotics were significantly more likely to be refused for surgery. CONCLUSION Patients awaiting ear surgery were predominantly infected with multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and were consequently refused surgery. This study can help inform efforts for improving surgical uptake and introducing cross-border antimicrobial resistance surveillance.
Collapse
|
62
|
Goyal D, Haritash AK, Singh SK. A comprehensive review of groundwater vulnerability assessment using index-based, modelling, and coupling methods. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113161. [PMID: 34246907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater has become increasingly vulnerable to quality degradation. An elaborate understanding of its flow, draft, recharge and pollutant transport processes needs to be developed to understand its risk to contamination. This paper has discussed different tools and methods that are used to map groundwater vulnerability around the world. To maintain the quality and impact of the study, rigorous search for relevant literature published in high impact scientific journals has been done, and the comprehensive information on groundwater vulnerability assessment methods being used, has been compiled. The GIS based overlay and index-based methods like DRASTIC, GALDIT, GOD, COP and PI takes into consideration various thematic layers, overlays them to calculate weighted index and identifies vulnerability classes. They have been criticised for the lack of numerical basis in their formulation. Therefore, over the years, many of the proposed indices have been modified to provide quantitative estimates of groundwater potential to degrade and deplete. However, where the data and software are not a constraint, the use of numerical based simulation models can be done for more elaborate and numerical based quantification of the vulnerability. These numerical models typically require extensive data and are exceedingly becoming more sophisticated with the introduction of new parameters. This study concludes that integrating the GIS with numerical models offers the advantage of data management and assists to spatially analyse the datasets. The difficulties that are associated with the differences between GIS and numerical model's data structures should be thoroughly understood, prior to coupling, to develop uniform conversion software.
Collapse
|
63
|
Beura SK, Panigrahi AR, Yadav P, Agrawal S, Singh SK. Role of Neurons and Glia Cells in Wound Healing as a Novel Perspective Considering Platelet as a Conventional Player. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:137-160. [PMID: 34633653 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex physiological process in which the damaged or injured tissue is replaced or regenerated by new cells or existing cells respectively in their synthesized and secreted matrices. Several cells modulate the process of wound healing including macrophages, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. Apart from these cells, platelet has been considered as a major cellular fragment to be involved in wound healing at several stages by secreting its granular contents including growth factors, thus resulting in coagulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. A distant cell, which is gaining significant attention nowadays due to its resemblance with platelet in several aspects, is the neuron. Not only neurons but also glia cells are also confirmed to regulate wound healing at different stages in an orchestrated manner. Furthermore, these neurons and glia cells mediate wound healing inducing tissue repair and regeneration apart from hemostasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation by secreting various growth factors, coagulation molecules, immunomodulatory molecules as well as neurohormones, neuropeptides, and neurotrophins. Therefore, in wound healing platelets, neurons and glia cells not only contribute to tissue repair but are also responsible for establishing the wound microenvironment, thus affecting the proliferation of immune cells, fibroblast, and keratinocytes. Here in this review, we will enlighten the physiological roles of neurons and glia cells in coordination with platelets to understand various cellular and molecular mechanism in brain injury and associated neurocognitive impairments.
Collapse
|
64
|
Yadav P, Beura SK, Panigrahi AR, Singh SK. Quantification and optimization of clot retraction in washed human platelets by Sonoclot coagulation analysis. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 44:177-185. [PMID: 34609044 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clot retraction is a pivotal process for haemostasis, where platelets develop a contractile force in fibrin meshwork and lead to the increased rigidity of clot. The pathophysiological alteration in contractile forces generated by the platelet-fibrin meshwork can lead to haemostatic disorders. Regardless of its utter significance, clot retraction remains a limited understood process owing to lack of quantification methodology. Sonoclot analysis is a point-of-care technique used in clinical laboratories for whole blood analysis that provides in vitro qualitative as well as quantitative assessment of coagulation process from initial fibrin formation to clot retraction. METHODS Human washed platelets were isolated by differential centrifugation method and analysed via optical imaging, microscopy and Sonoclot analysis using 1-2 × 108 /mL of washed platelets, 1 U/mL of thrombin, 1 mg/mL of fibrinogen and 1 mM of calcium chloride. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrate the novelty of this instrument in the quantitative evaluation of clot retraction in washed platelets and attempted to optimize the reference range of Sonoclot parameters including ACT - 87.3 ± 20.997, CR - 16.23 ± 3.538 and PF - 3.57 ± 0.629, (n = 10). DISCUSSION Sonoclot analysis provides a simple and quantitative method to better understand in vitro clot retraction and its modulation by retraction components including platelet count, fibrinogen and platelet-fibrin interaction compared with existing conventional methods. Sonoclot may prove to be a valuable tool in thrombus biology research to understand fundamental basis of blood clot retraction.
Collapse
|
65
|
Singh SK, Singh R, Singh A. Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders (TD) in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients - A Cross Sectional Study. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2021; 69:11-12. [PMID: 34781668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
|
66
|
Singh S, Jighly A, Sehgal D, Burgueño J, Joukhadar R, Singh SK, Sharma A, Vikram P, Sansaloni CP, Govindan V, Bhavani S, Randhawa M, Solis-Moya E, Singh S, Pardo N, Arif MAR, Laghari KA, Basandrai D, Shokat S, Chaudhary HK, Saeed NA, Basandrai AK, Ledesma-Ramírez L, Sohu VS, Imtiaz M, Sial MA, Wenzl P, Singh GP, Bains NS. Direct introgression of untapped diversity into elite wheat lines. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:819-827. [PMID: 37117978 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The effective utilization of natural variation has become essential in addressing the challenges that climate change and population growth pose to global food security. Currently adopted protracted approaches to introgress exotic alleles into elite cultivars need substantial transformation. Here, through a strategic three-way crossing scheme among diverse exotics and the best historical elites (exotic/elite1//elite2), 2,867 pre-breeding lines were developed, genotyped and screened for multiple agronomic traits in four mega-environments. A meta-genome-wide association study, selective sweeps and haplotype-block-based analyses unveiled selection footprints in the genomes of pre-breeding lines as well as exotic-specific associations with agronomic traits. A simulation with a neutrality assumption demonstrated that many pre-breeding lines had significant exotic contributions despite substantial selection bias towards elite genomes. National breeding programmes worldwide have adopted 95 lines for germplasm enhancement, and 7 additional lines are being advanced in varietal release trials. This study presents a great leap forwards in the mobilization of GenBank variation to the breeding pipelines.
Collapse
|
67
|
Usman MB, Bhardwaj S, Roychoudhury S, Kumar D, Alexiou A, Kumar P, Ambasta RK, Prasher P, Shukla S, Upadhye V, Khan FA, Awasthi R, Shastri MD, Singh SK, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Jha SK, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Ojha S, Jha NK. Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives. JPAD-JOURNAL OF PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE 2021; 8:534-551. [PMID: 34585229 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2021.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global health concern owing to its complexity, which often poses a great challenge to the development of therapeutic approaches. No single theory has yet accounted for the various risk factors leading to the pathological and clinical manifestations of dementia-type AD. Therefore, treatment options targeting various molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease have been unsuccessful. However, the exploration of various immunotherapeutic avenues revitalizes hope after decades of disappointment. The hallmark of a good immunotherapeutic candidate is not only to remove amyloid plaques but also to slow cognitive decline. In line with this, both active and passive immunotherapy have shown success and limitations. Recent approval of aducanumab for the treatment of AD demonstrates how close passive immunotherapy is to being successful. However, several major bottlenecks still need to be resolved. This review outlines recent successes and challenges in the pursuit of an AD vaccine.
Collapse
|
68
|
Velmurugan K, Don D, Kannan R, Selvaraj C, VishnuPriya S, Selvaraj G, Singh SK, Nandhakumar R. Synthesis, antibacterial, anti-oxidant and molecular docking studies of imidazoquinolines. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07484. [PMID: 34286142 PMCID: PMC8273425 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoline and imidazole derivatives have been playing a significant role in functional bioactivities and were potentially used as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Owing to the limitation of drug resistance, herein we synthesized thio-, chloro-, and hydroxyl-functionalized various imidazoquinolines by molecular hybridization approach. All the imidazoquinoline derivatives were examined for their antibacterial activity against selected bacterial pathogens by the agar well diffusion method. In addition, the anti-oxidant efficacy of imidazoquinolines was also tested using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Among them, electron-withdrawing (-Cl) substituent containing imidazoquinoline 5f showed higher antibacterial and anti-oxidant activities than other imidazoquinolines and reached the effectiveness of the standard. In addition, compounds 4f, 5e, and 3f showed moderate antibacterial activity and other derivatives displayed weak activity against various pathogens. Molecular docking studies were also performed on selected imidazoquinoline derivatives (3f, 4f, and 5f), which showed high docking score and strong binding energy values. These results revealed that thio-imidazoquinoline could assist as a prototype for the designing of multidrug-resistant antibiotics against various microbial organisms.
Collapse
|
69
|
Jain RUJUL, Singh SK. Study of Epalrestat in Diabetic Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy and correlation of its therapeutic efficacy with erythrocyte sorbitol levels : A step towards Precision Medicine. CLINICAL DIABETOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.5603/dk.a2021.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
70
|
Alshehri SA, Singh SK, Mosahebi A, Kalaskar DM. The current progress and critical analysis of three-dimensional scanning and three-dimensional printing applications in breast surgery. BJS Open 2021; 5:6272168. [PMID: 33963367 PMCID: PMC8105620 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several attempts have been made to develop a tool capable of evaluating breast shape and volume to aid surgical planning and outcome assessment. More recently, newer technologies such as three-dimensional (3D) scanning and 3D printing have been applied in breast assessment. The aim of this study was to review the literature to assess the applicability of 3D scanning and 3D printing in breast surgery. Methods A literature search was carried on PubMed, Google Scholar and OVID from January 2000 to December 2019 using the keywords ‘3D’, ‘Three-dimensional’, ‘Three/four dimensions’ and ‘Breast’. Results A total of 6564 articles were identified initially; the abstracts of 1846 articles were scanned, and 81 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Articles were reviewed and classified according to their aims, study subjects, the software and hardware used, main outcomes and major limitations. Conclusions These technologies are fast and easy to use, however, high costs, long processing times and the need for training might limit their application. To incorporate these technologies into standard healthcare, their efficacy and effectiveness must be demonstrated through multiple and rigorous clinical trials.
Collapse
|
71
|
Chandra I, Prabhu SV, Nayak C, Singh SK. E-pharmacophore based screening to identify potential HIV-1 gp120 and CD4 interaction blockers for wild and mutant types. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 32:353-377. [PMID: 33832362 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2021.1901310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 gp120 provides a multistage viral entry process through the conserved CD4 binding site. Hunting of potential blockers can diminish the interaction of gp120 with the CD4 host receptor leading to the suppression of HIV-1 infection. Structure-based pharmacophore virtual screening followed by binding free energy calculation, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and density functional theory (DFT) calculation is applied to discriminate the potential blockers from six small molecule databases. Five compounds from six databases exhibited vital interactions with key residues ASP368, GLU370, ASN425, MET426, TRP427 and GLY473 of gp120, involved in the binding with CD4, host receptor. Most importantly, compound NCI-254200 displayed strong communication with key residues of wild type and drug resistance single mutant gp120 (M426L and W427V) even in the dynamic condition, evidenced from MD simulation. This investigation provided a potential compound NCI-254200 which may show inhibitory activity against HIV-1 gp120 variant interactions with CD4 host cell receptors.
Collapse
|
72
|
Chaulya SK, Chowdhury A, Kumar S, Singh RS, Singh SK, Singh RK, Prasad GM, Mandal SK, Banerjee G. Fugitive dust emission control study for a developed smart dry fog system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 285:112116. [PMID: 33581456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution due to dust emission is continuously increasing day by day in mining and allied industrial areas. Mining operations contribute a substantial amount of dust emission at the crushing, screening, and bulk material handling in loading areas. The ambient suspended dust particles create a severe nuisance to workers and local dwellers. For effective controlling of positive dust emission, an innovative automated dry fog dust suppression system (DFDSS) has been developed using hybrid nozzles, sensors, actuators, controllers, screw compressors, air receivers, pumps, motors, and water arrangement with filtration facility. The DFDSS was installed in a crushing and screening plant of an iron ore mine in India. Performance study indicted fugitive dust emission concentration values ranged from 354 to 7040 μg m-3, which was reduced to 91-300 μg m-3 after installation of DFDSS. The reduced values were within the permissible limit of 1200 μg m-3 at a distance of 25 ± 2 m in the predominant downwind direction. The installed DFDSS added a meager addition of moisture content of 0.032% in the handling iron ore material, which was below the acceptable limit of 0.1%. The DFDSS precisely regulated fugitive dust emission from various mining activities without affecting the minerals processing performance. Thus, the DFDSS can be implemented effectively in different mining and allied industries where there is a dust emission problem.
Collapse
|
73
|
Sharma P, Chawla R, Bakshi R, Saxena S, Basu S, Bharti PK, Dhuria M, Singh SK, Lal P. Seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and predictors of seropositivity among employees of a teaching hospital in New Delhi, India. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021; 12:88-95. [PMID: 33979999 PMCID: PMC8102878 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.2.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at a high risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to the increased likelihood of clinical exposure during patient management. The study objective was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and its predictors among hospital employees. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted at a teaching hospital from August 2020 to September 2020 among 1,401 employees, including 1,217 HCWs, in New Delhi, India. The serum samples were examined for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 using the COVID Kavach-Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Data were collected electronically using the EpiCollect mobile platform. A p < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results A total of 169 participants (12.1%) had detectable IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. The highest seropositivity rate was observed in the administrative staff (20.1%), while it was lowest among medical doctors (5.5%, p < 0.001). Male sex and ever having lived in a containment zone were independently associated with past infection with SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health workers may be lower than in the general population in New Delhi. However, nonpharmaceutical interventions were not associated with a reduction in the risk of acquisition of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|
74
|
Beura SK, Panigrahi AR, Yadav P, Singh SK. Phytochemicals as Potential Therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cardiovascular Complications: Thrombosis and Platelet Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658273. [PMID: 33981235 PMCID: PMC8107428 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After gaining entry through ACE2 aided by TMPRSS2, the SARS-CoV-2 causes serious complications of the cardiovascular system leading to myocarditis and other myocardial injuries apart from causing lung, kidney and brain dysfunctions. Here in this review, we are going to divulge the cellular and immunological mechanisms behind the cardiovascular, thrombotic and platelet impairments that are caused in COVID-19. In addition, we also propose the significance of various anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic phytochemicals in the treatment of COVID-19. The virus induces many immune-modulatory cytokines and chemokines which help in the intravascular coagulation and create a pro-thrombotic environment along with pulmonary embolism and thrombocytopenia. Different types of innate and adaptive immune cells and their granular contents regulate the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 induced endothelial and platelet dysfunctions which correlate the involvement of platelets with myocardial injury and intravascular thrombi directly or indirectly. Hence, by exploiting the natural bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and inhibiting the platelet mediated thrombus formation can be beneficial for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
|
75
|
Sahu D, Kumar P, Chandra N, Rajan S, Shukla DK, Venkatesh S, Nair S, Kumar A, Singh J, Reddy S, Godbole S, Elangovan A, Saha MK, Rai S, Lakshmi PVM, Gambhir T, Ammassari S, Joshi D, Das A, Bakshi P, Chakraborty S, Palkar A, Singh SK, Reddy DCS, Kant S, Pandey A, Vardhana Rao MV. Findings from the 2017 HIV estimation round & trend analysis of key indicators 2010-2017: Evidence for prioritising HIV/AIDS programme in India. Indian J Med Res 2021; 151:562-570. [PMID: 32719229 PMCID: PMC7602920 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1619_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) and the ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, the nodal agency for conducting HIV estimations in India, have been generating HIV estimates regularly since 2003. The objective of this study was to describe India's biennial HIV estimation 2017 process, data inputs, tool, methodology and epidemiological assumptions used to generate the HIV estimates and trends of key indicators for 2010-2017 at national and State/Union Territory levels. Methods: Demographic Projection (DemProj) and AIDS Impact Modules (AIM) of Spectrum 5.63 software recommended by the United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS Global Reference Group on HIV Estimates, Modelling and Projections, were used for generating HIV estimations on key indicators. HIV sentinel surveillance, epidemiological and programme data were entered into Estimation Projection Package (EPP), and curve fitting was done using EPP classic model. Finally, calibration was done using the State HIV prevalence of two rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS) -3 and -4 and Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance (IBBS), 2014-2015. Results: The national adult prevalence of HIV was estimated to be 0.22 per cent in 2017. Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland had the highest prevalence over one per cent. An estimated 2.1 million people were living with HIV in 2017, with Maharashtra estimated to have the highest number. Of the 88 thousand annual new HIV infections estimated nationally in 2017, Telangana accounted for the largest share. HIV incidence was found to be higher among key population groups, especially people who inject drugs. The annual AIDS-related deaths were estimated to be 69 thousand nationally. For all indicators, geographic variation in levels and trends between States existed. Interpretation & conclusions: With a slow decline in annual new HIV infections by only 27 per cent from 2010 to 2017 against the national target of 75 per cent by 2020, the national target to end AIDS by 2030 may be missed; although at the sub-national level some States have made better progress to reduce new HIV infection. It calls for reinforcement of HIV prevention, diagnosis and treatment efforts by geographical regions and population groups.
Collapse
|