Observation of Forward Neutron Multiplicity Dependence of Dimuon Acoplanarity in Ultraperipheral Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV

The first measurement of the dependence of γγ→μ^{+}μ^{-} production on the multiplicity of neutrons emitted very close to the beam direction in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions is reported. Data for lead-lead interactions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV, with an integrated luminosity of approximately 1.5  nb^{-1}, are collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The azimuthal correlations between the two muons in the invariant mass region 8<m_{μμ}<60  GeV are extracted for events including 0, 1, or at least 2 neutrons detected in the forward pseudorapidity range |η|>8.3. The back-to-back correlation structure from leading-order photon-photon scattering is found to be significantly broader for events with a larger number of emitted neutrons from each nucleus, corresponding to interactions with a smaller impact parameter. This observation provides a data-driven demonstration that the average transverse momentum of photons emitted from relativistic heavy ions has an impact parameter dependence. These results provide new constraints on models of photon-induced interactions in ultraperipheral collisions. They also provide a baseline to search for possible final-state effects on lepton pairs caused by traversing a quark-gluon plasma produced in hadronic heavy ion collisions.

Constraints on the Initial State of Pb-Pb Collisions via Measurements of Z-Boson Yields and Azimuthal Anisotropy at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV

The CMS experiment at the LHC has measured the differential cross sections of Z bosons decaying to pairs of leptons, as functions of transverse momentum and rapidity, in lead-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02  TeV. The measured Z boson elliptic azimuthal anisotropy coefficient is compatible with zero, showing that Z bosons do not experience significant final-state interactions in the medium produced in the collision. Yields of Z bosons are compared to Glauber model predictions and are found to deviate from these expectations in peripheral collisions, indicating the presence of initial collision geometry and centrality selection effects. The precision of the measurement allows, for the first time, for a data-driven determination of the nucleon-nucleon integrated luminosity as a function of lead-lead centrality, thereby eliminating the need for its estimation based on a Glauber model.

Spatially-resolved nanometer-scale measurement of cartilage extracellular matrix mobility

OBJECTIVE

Tissues have complex structures, comprised of solid and fluid phases. Improved understanding of interactions between joint fluid and extracellular matrix (ECM) is required in models of cartilage mechanics. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) directly measures nanometer-scale dynamics and can provide insight into biofluid-biosolid interactions in cartilage. This study applies XPCS to evaluate dynamic interactions between intact cartilage and biofluids.

DESIGN

Cartilage biopsies were collected from bovine femoral condyles. During XPCS measurements, cartilage samples were exposed to different fluids: deionized water, PBS, synovial fluid, or sonicated synovial fluid. ECM-biofluid interactions were also assessed at different length scales and different depths from the cartilage surface.

RESULTS

Using XPCS, cartilage ECM mobility was detected at length scales from 50 to 207 nm. As length scale decreased, time scale for autocorrelation decay decreased, suggesting smaller ECM components are more mobile. ECM dynamics were slowed by dehydrating the sample, demonstrating XPCS assesses matrix mobility in hydrated environments. At all length scales, the matrix was more mobile in deionized water and slowest in synovial fluid. Using the 207 nm length scale assessment, ECM dynamics in synovial fluid were fastest at the cartilage surface and progressively slowed as depth into the sample increased, demonstrating XPCS can assess spatial distribution of ECM dynamics. Finally, ECM mobility increased for degraded synovial fluid.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the potential of XPCS to provide unique insights into nanometer-scale cartilage ECM mobility in a spatially resolved manner and illustrates the importance of biosolid-biofluid interactions in dictating ECM dynamics.

Search for a heavy vector resonance decaying to a Z boson and a Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 Te

A search is presented for a heavy vector resonance decaying into a Z boson and the standard model Higgs boson, where the Z boson is identified through its leptonic decays to electrons, muons, or neutrinos, and the Higgs boson is identified through its hadronic decays. The search is performed in a Lorentz-boosted regime and is based on data collected from 2016 to 2018 at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137fb - 1 . Upper limits are derived on the production of a narrow heavy resonanceZ ' , and a mass below 3.5 and 3.7Te is excluded at 95% confidence level in models where the heavy vector boson couples predominantly to fermions and to bosons, respectively. These are the most stringent limits placed on the Heavy Vector TripletZ ' model to date. If the heavy vector boson couples exclusively to standard model bosons, upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction are set between 23 and 0.3fb for aZ ' mass between 0.8 and 4.6Te , respectively. This is the first limit set on a heavy vector boson coupling exclusively to standard model bosons in its production and decay.

MUSiC: a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb - 1 , are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.

Fast nanoparticle rotational and translational diffusion in synovial fluid and hyaluronic acid solutions

Nanoparticles are under investigation as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis. However, there is incomplete understanding of nanoparticle diffusion in synovial fluid, the fluid inside the joint, which consists of a mixture of the polyelectrolyte hyaluronic acid, proteins, and other components. Here, we show that rotational and translational diffusion of polymer-coated nanoparticles in quiescent synovial fluid and in hyaluronic acid solutions is well described by the Stokes-Einstein relationship, albeit with an effective medium viscosity that is much smaller than the macroscopic low shear viscosity of the fluid. This effective medium viscosity is well described by an equation for the viscosity of dilute polymer chains, where the additional viscous dissipation arises because of the presence of the polymer segments. These results shed light on the diffusive behavior of polymer-coated inorganic nanoparticles in complex and crowded biological environments, such as in the joint.

Perceived stress, resilience, well-being, and COVID 19 response in Isha yoga practitioners compared to matched controls: A research protocol

Objectives

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a significant stressor worldwide and reports of psychological distress, depression, sedentary lifestyles, and overall decreased wellbeing are increasing. Yoga practices have been found to improve mental and physical health. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare Isha yoga practitioners to controls on perceived stress, resilience, wellbeing, and protection and recovery from COVID-19. Trial Design. In this prospective randomized control trial, the effects of yoga practices are being compared between seasoned yoga practitioners with two controls who are age (±3 years), gender matched, and living in the same neighborhood.

Methods

Participants will be asked to complete a series of web-based surveys at baseline, six weeks, and 12 weeks. These surveys include validated scales and objective questions on COVID-19 infection and medical history. The validated questionnaires assess stress, mood states, resilience, and overall wellbeing. Questionnaires, weekly activity diaries, and medical history, will be collected using REDCap.

Results

We hypothesize that routine yoga practice during the COVID-19 pandemic will reduce stress, enhance well-being, and provide protective effects against COVID-19.

Conclusion

With the growing concern about the physical and mental impacts of COVID-19 and increased interest in alternative practices such as yogic practices, this study will contribute to the growing body of evidence about the safety and efficacy of yoga for emotional, mental, and physical health conditions.

Measurement of the Higgs boson production rate in association with top quarks in final states with electrons, muons, and hadronically decaying tau leptons at s = 13 TeV

The rate for Higgs ( H ) bosons production in association with either one ( t H ) or two ( t t ¯ H ) top quarks is measured in final states containing multiple electrons, muons, or tau leptons decaying to hadrons and a neutrino, using proton-proton collisions recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the CMS experiment. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137fb - 1 . The analysis is aimed at events that contain H → W W , H → τ τ , or H → Z Z decays and each of the top quark(s) decays either to lepton+jets or all-jet channels. Sensitivity to signal is maximized by including ten signatures in the analysis, depending on the lepton multiplicity. The separation among t H , t t ¯ H , and the backgrounds is enhanced through machine-learning techniques and matrix-element methods. The measured production rates for the t t ¯ H and t H signals correspond to 0.92 ± 0.19 (stat) - 0.13 + 0.17 (syst) and 5.7 ± 2.7 (stat) ± 3.0 (syst) of their respective standard model (SM) expectations. The corresponding observed (expected) significance amounts to 4.7 (5.2) standard deviations for t t ¯ H , and to 1.4 (0.3) for t H production. Assuming that the Higgs boson coupling to the tau lepton is equal in strength to its expectation in the SM, the coupling y t of the Higgs boson to the top quark divided by its SM expectation,κ t = y t / y t SM , is constrained to be within - 0.9 < κ t < - 0.7 or 0.7 < κ t < 1.1 , at 95% confidence level. This result is the most sensitive measurement of the t t ¯ H production rate to date.

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N, Elliott-Peisert A, Emriskova N, Fallavollita F, Fasanella D, Fiorendi S, Franzoni G, Fulcher J, Funk W, Giani S, Gigi D, Gill K, Glege F, Gouskos L, Guilbaud M, Gulhan D, Haranko M, Hegeman J, Iiyama Y, Innocente V, James T, Janot P, Kaspar J, Kieseler J, Komm M, Kratochwil N, Lange C, Lecoq P, Long K, Lourenço C, Malgeri L, Mannelli M, Massironi A, Meijers F, Mersi S, Meschi E, Moortgat F, Mulders M, Ngadiuba J, Niedziela J, Orfanelli S, Orsini L, Pantaleo F, Pape L, Perez E, Peruzzi M, Petrilli A, Petrucciani G, Pfeiffer A, Pierini M, Rabady D, Racz A, Rieger M, Rovere M, Sakulin H, Salfeld-Nebgen J, Scarfi S, Schäfer C, Schwick C, Selvaggi M, Sharma A, Silva P, Snoeys W, Sphicas P, Steggemann J, Summers S, Tavolaro VR, Treille D, Tsirou A, Van Onsem GP, Vartak A, Verzetti M, Wozniak KA, Zeuner WD, Caminada L, Erdmann W, Horisberger R, Ingram Q, Kaestli HC, Kotlinski D, Langenegger U, Rohe T, Backhaus M, Berger P, Calandri A, Chernyavskaya N, Dissertori G, Dittmar M, Donegà M, Dorfer C, Gadek T, Gómez Espinosa TA, Grab C, Hits D, Lustermann W, Lyon AM, Manzoni RA, Meinhard MT, Micheli F, Nessi-Tedaldi F, Pauss F, Perovic V, Perrin G, Perrozzi L, Pigazzini S, Ratti MG, Reichmann M, Reissel C, Reitenspiess T, Ristic B, Ruini D, Sanz Becerra DA, Schönenberger M, Shchutska L, Stampf V, Vesterbacka Olsson ML, Wallny R, Zhu DH, Amsler C, Botta C, Brzhechko D, Canelli MF, De Cosa A, Burgo RD, Heikkilä JK, Huwiler M, Jofrehei A, Kilminster B, Leontsinis S, Macchiolo A, Meiring P, Mikuni VM, Molinatti U, Neutelings I, Rauco G, Reimers A, Robmann P, Schweiger K, Takahashi Y, Wertz S, Adloff C, Kuo CM, Lin W, Roy A, Sarkar T, Yu SS, Ceard L, Chang P, Chao Y, Chen KF, Chen PH, Hou WS, Li YY, Lu RS, Paganis E, Psallidas A, Steen A, Yazgan E, Asavapibhop B, Asawatangtrakuldee C, Srimanobhas N, Boran F, Damarseckin S, Demiroglu ZS, Dolek F, Dozen C, Dumanoglu I, Eskut E, Gokbulut G, Guler Y, Gurpinar Guler E, Hos I, Isik C, Kangal EE, Kara O, Kayis Topaksu A, Kiminsu U, Onengut G, Ozdemir K, Polatoz A, Simsek AE, Tali B, Tok UG, Turkcapar S, Zorbakir IS, Zorbilmez C, Isildak B, Karapinar G, Ocalan K, Yalvac M, Atakisi IO, Gülmez E, Kaya M, Kaya O, Özçelik Ö, Tekten S, Yetkin EA, Cakir A, Cankocak K, Komurcu Y, Sen S, Aydogmus Sen F, Cerci S, Kaynak B, Ozkorucuklu S, Sunar Cerci D, Grynyov B, Levchuk L, Bhal E, Bologna S, Brooke JJ, Clement E, Cussans D, Flacher H, Goldstein J, Heath GP, Heath HF, Kreczko L, Krikler B, Paramesvaran S, Sakuma T, Seif El Nasr-Storey S, Smith VJ, Taylor J, Titterton A, Bell KW, Belyaev A, Brew C, Brown RM, Cockerill DJA, Ellis KV, Harder K, Harper S, Linacre J, Manolopoulos K, Newbold DM, Olaiya E, Petyt D, Reis T, Schuh T, Shepherd-Themistocleous CH, Thea A, Tomalin IR, Williams T, Bainbridge R, Bloch P, Bonomally S, Borg J, Breeze S, Buchmuller O, Bundock A, Cepaitis V, Chahal GS, Colling D, Dauncey P, Davies G, Della Negra M, Everaerts P, Fedi G, Hall G, Iles G, Langford J, Lyons L, Magnan AM, Malik S, Martelli A, Milosevic V, Nash J, Palladino V, Pesaresi M, Raymond DM, Richards A, Rose A, Scott E, Seez C, Shtipliyski A, Stoye M, Tapper A, Uchida K, Virdee T, Wardle N, Webb SN, Winterbottom D, Zecchinelli AG, Zenz SC, Cole JE, Hobson PR, Khan A, Kyberd P, Mackay CK, Reid ID, Teodorescu L, Zahid S, Brinkerhoff A, Call K, Caraway B, Dittmann J, Hatakeyama K, Kanuganti AR, Madrid C, McMaster B, Pastika N, Sawant S, Smith C, Bartek R, Dominguez A, Uniyal R, Vargas Hernandez AM, Buccilli A, Charaf O, Cooper SI, Gleyzer SV, Henderson C, Rumerio P, West C, Akpinar A, Albert A, Arcaro D, Cosby C, Demiragli Z, Gastler D, Richardson C, Rohlf J, Salyer K, Sperka D, Spitzbart D, Suarez I, Yuan S, Zou D, Benelli G, Burkle B, Coubez X, Cutts D, Duh YT, Hadley M, Heintz U, Hogan JM, Kwok KHM, Laird E, Landsberg G, Lau KT, Lee J, Narain M, Sagir S, Syarif R, Usai E, Wong WY, Yu D, Zhang W, Band R, Brainerd C, Breedon R, Calderon De La Barca Sanchez M, Chertok M, Conway J, Conway R, Cox PT, Erbacher R, Flores C, Funk G, Jensen F, Ko W, Kukral O, Lander R, Mulhearn M, Pellett D, Pilot J, Shi M, Taylor D, Tos K, Tripathi M, Yao Y, Zhang F, Bachtis M, Cousins R, Dasgupta A, Florent A, Hamilton D, Hauser J, Ignatenko M, Lam T, Mccoll N, Nash WA, Regnard S, Saltzberg D, Schnaible C, Stone B, Valuev V, Burt K, Chen Y, Clare R, Gary JW, Ghiasi Shirazi SMA, Hanson G, Karapostoli G, Long OR, Manganelli N, Olmedo Negrete M, Paneva MI, Si W, Wimpenny S, Zhang Y, Branson JG, Chang P, Cittolin S, Cooperstein S, Deelen N, Derdzinski M, Duarte J, Gerosa R, Gilbert D, Hashemi B, Klein D, Krutelyov V, Letts J, Masciovecchio M, May S, Padhi S, Pieri M, Sharma V, Tadel M, Würthwein F, Yagil A, Amin N, Campagnari C, Citron M, Dorsett A, Dutta V, Incandela J, Marsh B, Mei H, Ovcharova A, Qu H, Quinnan M, Richman J, Sarica U, Stuart D, Wang S, Anderson D, Bornheim A, Cerri O, Dutta I, Lawhorn JM, Lu N, Mao J, Newman HB, Nguyen TQ, Pata J, Spiropulu M, Vlimant JR, Xie S, Zhang Z, Zhu RY, Alison J, Andrews MB, Ferguson T, Mudholkar T, Paulini M, Sun M, Vorobiev I, Cumalat JP, Ford WT, MacDonald E, Mulholland T, Patel R, Perloff A, Stenson K, Ulmer KA, Wagner SR, Alexander J, Cheng Y, Chu J, Cranshaw DJ, Datta A, Frankenthal A, Mcdermott K, Monroy J, Patterson JR, Quach D, Ryd A, Sun W, Tan SM, Tao Z, Thom J, Wittich P, Zientek M, Abdullin S, Albrow M, Alyari M, Apollinari G, Apresyan A, Apyan A, Banerjee S, Bauerdick LAT, Beretvas A, Berry D, Berryhill J, Bhat PC, Burkett K, Butler JN, Canepa A, Cerati GB, Cheung HWK, Chlebana F, Cremonesi M, Elvira VD, Freeman J, Gecse Z, Gottschalk E, Gray L, Green D, Grünendahl S, Gutsche O, Harris RM, Hasegawa S, Heller R, Herwig TC, Hirschauer J, Jayatilaka B, Jindariani S, Johnson M, Joshi U, Klabbers P, Klijnsma T, Klima B, Kortelainen MJ, Lammel S, Lincoln D, Lipton R, Liu M, Liu T, Lykken J, Maeshima K, Mason D, McBride P, Merkel P, Mrenna S, Nahn S, O’Dell V, Papadimitriou V, Pedro K, Pena C, Prokofyev O, Ravera F, Reinsvold Hall A, Ristori L, Schneider B, Sexton-Kennedy E, Smith N, Soha A, Spalding WJ, Spiegel L, Stoynev S, Strait J, Taylor L, Tkaczyk S, Tran NV, Uplegger L, Vaandering EW, Weber HA, Woodard A, Acosta D, Avery P, Bourilkov D, Cadamuro L, Cherepanov V, Errico F, Field RD, Guerrero D, Joshi BM, Kim M, Konigsberg J, Korytov A, Lo KH, Matchev K, Menendez N, Mitselmakher G, Rosenzweig D, Shi K, Wang J, Wang S, Zuo X, Adams T, Askew A, Diaz D, Habibullah R, Hagopian S, Hagopian V, Johnson KF, Khurana R, Kolberg T, Martinez G, Prosper H, Schiber C, Yohay R, Zhang J, Baarmand MM, Butalla S, Elkafrawy T, Hohlmann M, Noonan D, Rahmani M, Saunders M, Yumiceva F, Adams MR, Apanasevich L, Becerril Gonzalez H, Cavanaugh R, Chen X, Dittmer S, Evdokimov O, Gerber CE, Hangal DA, Hofman DJ, Mills C, Oh G, Roy T, Tonjes MB, Varelas N, Viinikainen J, Wang X, Wu Z, Alhusseini M, Dilsiz K, Durgut S, Gandrajula RP, Haytmyradov M, Khristenko V, Köseyan OK, Merlo JP, Mestvirishvili A, Moeller A, Nachtman J, Ogul H, Onel Y, Ozok F, Penzo A, Snyder C, Tiras E, Wetzel J, Yi K, Amram O, Blumenfeld B, Corcodilos L, Eminizer M, Gritsan AV, Kyriacou S, Maksimovic P, Mantilla C, Roskes J, Swartz M, Vámi TÁ, Baldenegro Barrera C, Baringer P, Bean A, Bylinkin A, Isidori T, Khalil S, King J, Krintiras G, Kropivnitskaya A, Lindsey C, Minafra N, Murray M, Rogan C, Royon C, Sanders S, Schmitz E, Takaki JDT, Wang Q, Williams J, Wilson G, Duric S, Ivanov A, Kaadze K, Kim D, Maravin Y, Mitchell T, Modak A, Mohammadi A, Rebassoo F, Wright D, Adams E, Baden A, Baron O, Belloni A, Eno SC, Feng Y, Hadley NJ, Jabeen S, Jeng GY, Kellogg RG, Koeth T, Mignerey AC, Nabili S, Seidel M, Skuja A, Tonwar SC, Wang L, Wong K, Abercrombie D, Allen B, Bi R, Brandt S, Busza W, Cali IA, Chen Y, D’Alfonso M, Gomez Ceballos G, Goncharov M, Harris P, Hsu D, Hu M, Klute M, Kovalskyi D, Krupa J, Lee YJ, Luckey PD, Maier B, Marini AC, Mcginn C, Mironov C, Narayanan S, Niu X, Paus C, Rankin D, Roland C, Roland G, Shi Z, Stephans GSF, Sumorok K, Tatar K, Velicanu D, Wang J, Wang TW, Wang Z, Wyslouch B, Chatterjee RM, Evans A, Guts S, Hansen P, Hiltbrand J, Jain S, Krohn M, Kubota Y, Lesko Z, Mans J, Revering M, Rusack R, Saradhy R, Schroeder N, Strobbe N, Wadud MA, Acosta JG, Oliveros S, Bloom K, Chauhan S, Claes DR, Fangmeier C, Finco L, Golf F, González Fernández JR, Kravchenko I, Siado JE, Snow GR, Stieger B, Tabb W, Yan F, Agarwal G, Harrington C, Hay L, Iashvili I, Kharchilava A, McLean C, Nguyen D, Parker A, Pekkanen J, Rappoccio S, Roozbahani B, Alverson G, Barberis E, Freer C, Haddad Y, Hortiangtham A, Madigan G, Marzocchi B, Morse DM, Nguyen V, Orimoto T, Skinnari L, Tishelman-Charny A, Wamorkar T, Wang B, Wisecarver A, Wood D, Bhattacharya S, Bueghly J, Chen Z, Gilbert A, Gunter T, Hahn KA, Odell N, Schmitt MH, Sung K, Velasco M, Bucci R, Dev N, Goldouzian R, Hildreth M, Hurtado Anampa K, Jessop C, Karmgard DJ, Lannon K, Li W, Loukas N, Marinelli N, Mcalister I, Meng F, Mohrman K, Musienko Y, Ruchti R, Siddireddy P, Taroni S, Wayne M, Wightman A, Wolf M, Zygala L, Alimena J, Bylsma B, Cardwell B, Durkin LS, Francis B, Hill C, Lefeld A, Winer BL, Yates BR, Dezoort G, Elmer P, Greenberg B, Haubrich N, Higginbotham S, Kalogeropoulos A, Kopp G, Kwan S, Lange D, Lucchini MT, Luo J, Marlow D, Mei K, Ojalvo I, Olsen J, Palmer C, Piroué P, Stickland D, Tully C, Malik S, Norberg S, Barnes VE, Chawla R, Das S, Gutay L, Jones M, Jung AW, Mahakud B, Negro G, Neumeister N, Peng CC, Piperov S, Qiu H, Schulte JF, Trevisani N, Wang F, Xiao R, Xie W, Cheng T, Dolen J, Parashar N, Stojanovic M, Baty A, Dildick S, Ecklund KM, Freed S, Geurts FJM, Kilpatrick M, Kumar A, Li W, Padley BP, Redjimi R, Roberts J, Rorie J, Shi W, Stahl Leiton AG, Zhang A, Bodek A, de Barbaro P, Demina R, Dulemba JL, Fallon C, Ferbel T, Galanti M, Garcia-Bellido A, Hindrichs O, Khukhunaishvili A, Ranken E, Taus R, Chiarito B, Chou JP, Gandrakota A, Gershtein Y, Halkiadakis E, Hart A, Heindl M, Hughes E, Kaplan S, Karacheban O, Laflotte I, Lath A, Montalvo R, Nash K, Osherson M, Salur S, Schnetzer S, Somalwar S, Stone R, Thayil SA, Thomas S, Wang H, Acharya H, Delannoy AG, Spanier S, Bouhali O, Dalchenko M, Delgado A, Eusebi R, Gilmore J, Huang T, Kamon T, Kim H, Luo S, Malhotra S, Mueller R, Overton D, Perniè L, Rathjens D, Safonov A, Sturdy J, Akchurin N, Damgov J, Hegde V, Kunori S, Lamichhane K, Lee SW, Mengke T, Muthumuni S, Peltola T, Undleeb S, Volobouev I, Wang Z, Whitbeck A, Appelt E, Greene S, Gurrola A, Janjam R, Johns W, Maguire C, Melo A, Ni H, Padeken K, Romeo F, Sheldon P, Tuo S, Velkovska J, Verweij M, Ang L, Arenton MW, Cox B, Cummings G, Hakala J, Hirosky R, Joyce M, Ledovskoy A, Neu C, Tannenwald B, Wang Y, Wolfe E, Xia F, Karchin PE, Poudyal N, Thapa P, Black K, Bose T, Buchanan J, Caillol C, Dasu S, De Bruyn I, Galloni C, He H, Herndon M, Hervé A, Hussain U, Lanaro A, Loeliger A, Loveless R, Madhusudanan Sreekala J, Mallampalli A, Pinna D, Ruggles T, Savin A, Shang V, Sharma V, Smith WH, Teague D, Trembath-reichert S, Vetens W. Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters ("tunes") for the underlying-event model of the H E R W I G 7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in H E R W I G 7 , and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s = 0.9 , 7, and 13 Te . The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the data.

Mental health outcomes among early-entrance to college students: A cross-sectional study of an emerging educational system in the united states

Introduction

In the United States, students who attend early-entrance to college programs (EECP) undergo a unique, accelerated educational path. Many of these programs require students to forego their final years of high school to take dual-enrollment classes while residing on a college campus. While previous literature has documented mental health outcomes among traditional college and high school student populations, there is scarce literature on the mental health among this hybrid population in the United States.

Objectives

Investigate anxiety and depression among students enrolled in EECPs in the United States.

Methods

Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-8 item (PHQ-8) were asked in 3 sets for how students felt before, during, and after their attendance in their EECP.

Results

66 alumni students who graduated from an EECP were surveyed after giving informed consent. GAD-7 average scores before the students attended was 4.83 (median = 4, “mild anxiety”), during attendance was to 11.5 (median = 12, “moderately-severe anxiety”), and currently was 6.95 (median = 6, “moderate anxiety”). PHQ-8 scores for depression before attending were 5.1 (median = 4, “mild to potentially moderate depression”, during the program 10.9 (median 11.5, “moderately severe depression”), and current PHQ-8 was 16 (median = 16, “severe depression”).

Conclusions

Anxiety and depression seem to have a presence in this student population, compared to traditional college student populations, but different compared to international cohorts. Academic rigor was a notable driving force of these outcomes, differing from the literature on traditional college student populations.

Treatment Barriers Associated with Amphetamine-Type Stimulant (ATS) Use in Malaysia

People who use amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) are known to face barriers in seeking treatment. We sought to identify these barriers and gender differences in barriers (if any) faced by them. A convenience sample of 386 respondents who use ATS was recruited from five formal drug rehabilitation centers for this cross-sectional study. The majority were male (83%), with 17% being female. The barriers most frequently cited by both men and women were: the perception that ATS use needed no treatment, fears of community discrimination, peer influence, and long waiting time to get into a treatment programme. One-third of the sample held that the mandated treatment programmes were ineffective, based on past experience. In terms of male-female differences, long waiting time discouraged significantly more women than men, whereas more men than women asserted that formal treatment programmes were ineffective. We also found no significant differences in barriers faced by ATS users and those using ATS with other illicit substances. Outreach initiatives to minimize the impact of treatment barriers, coupled with offering separate treatment protocols and facilities, will encourage people who use ATS to seek treatment voluntarily.

Use of continuous sample translation to reduce radiation damage for XPCS studies of protein diffusion

An experimental setup to measure X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy during continuous sample translation is presented and its effectiveness as a means to avoid sample damage in dynamics studies of protein diffusion is evaluated. X-ray damage from focused coherent synchrotron radiation remains below tolerable levels as long as the sample is translated through the beam sufficiently quickly. Here it is shown that it is possible to separate sample dynamics from the effects associated with the transit of the sample through the beam. By varying the sample translation rate, the damage threshold level, D_thresh = 1.8 kGy, for when beam damage begins to modify the dynamics under the conditions used, is also determined. Signal-to-noise ratios, R_sn ≥ 20, are obtained down to the shortest delay times of 20 µs. The applicability of this method of data collection to the next generation of multi-bend achromat synchrotron sources is discussed and it is shown that sub-microsecond dynamics should be obtainable on protein samples.

Measurements of p p → Z Z production cross sections and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings at s = 13 TeV

The production of Z boson pairs in proton-proton ( p p ) collisions, p p → ( Z / γ ∗ ) ( Z / γ ∗ ) → 2 ℓ 2 ℓ ' , where ℓ , ℓ ' = e or μ , is studied at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137fb - 1 , collected during 2016-2018. The Z Z production cross section,σ tot ( p p → Z Z ) = 17.4 ± 0.3 (stat) ± 0.5 (syst) ± 0.4 (theo) ± 0.3 (lumi) pb , measured for events with two pairs of opposite-sign, same-flavor leptons produced in the mass region 60 < m ℓ + ℓ - < 120 GeV is consistent with standard model predictions. Differential cross sections are also measured and agree with theoretical predictions. The invariant mass distribution of the four-lepton system is used to set limits on anomalous Z Z Z and Z Z γ couplings.

Search for dark matter produced in association with a leptonically decaying Z boson in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 Te

A search for dark matter particles is performed using events with a Z boson candidate and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13Te , collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137fb - 1 . The search uses the decay channels Z → e e and Z → μ μ . No significant excess of events is observed over the background expected from the standard model. Limits are set on dark matter particle production in the context of simplified models with vector, axial-vector, scalar, and pseudoscalar mediators, as well as on a two-Higgs-doublet model with an additional pseudoscalar mediator. In addition, limits are provided for spin-dependent and spin-independent scattering cross sections and are compared to those from direct-detection experiments. The results are also interpreted in the context of models of invisible Higgs boson decays, unparticles, and large extra dimensions.

Search for dark matter produced in association with a leptonically decaying Z boson in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 Te

A search for dark matter particles is performed using events with a Z boson candidate and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13Te , collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137fb - 1 . The search uses the decay channels Z → e e and Z → μ μ . No significant excess of events is observed over the background expected from the standard model. Limits are set on dark matter particle production in the context of simplified models with vector, axial-vector, scalar, and pseudoscalar mediators, as well as on a two-Higgs-doublet model with an additional pseudoscalar mediator. In addition, limits are provided for spin-dependent and spin-independent scattering cross sections and are compared to those from direct-detection experiments. The results are also interpreted in the context of models of invisible Higgs boson decays, unparticles, and large extra dimensions.

Search for top squark pair production using dilepton final states in pp collision data collected at s = 13 TeV

A search is presented for supersymmetric partners of the top quark (top squarks) in final states with two oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons), jets identified as originating from b quarks, and missing transverse momentum. The search uses data from proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb - 1 . Hypothetical signal events are efficiently separated from the dominant top quark pair production background with requirements on the significance of the missing transverse momentum and on transverse mass variables. No significant deviation is observed from the expected background. Exclusion limits are set in the context of simplified supersymmetric models with pair-produced lightest top squarks. For top squarks decaying exclusively to a top quark and a lightest neutralino, lower limits are placed at 95 % confidence level on the masses of the top squark and the neutralino up to 925 and 450 GeV , respectively. If the decay proceeds via an intermediate chargino, the corresponding lower limits on the mass of the lightest top squark are set up to 850 GeV for neutralino masses below 420 GeV . For top squarks undergoing a cascade decay through charginos and sleptons, the mass limits reach up to 1.4 TeV and 900 GeV respectively for the top squark and the lightest neutralino.

20 µs-resolved high-throughput X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy on a 500k pixel detector enabled by data-management workflow

The performance of the new 52 kHz frame rate Rigaku XSPA-500k detector was characterized on beamline 8-ID-I at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) applications. Due to the large data flow produced by this detector (0.2 PB of data per 24 h of continuous operation), a workflow system was deployed that uses the Advanced Photon Source data-management (DM) system and high-performance software to rapidly reduce area-detector data to multi-tau and two-time correlation functions in near real time, providing human-in-the-loop feedback to experimenters. The utility and performance of the workflow system are demonstrated via its application to a variety of small-angle XPCS measurements acquired from different detectors in different XPCS measurement modalities. The XSPA-500k detector, the software and the DM workflow system allow for the efficient acquisition and reduction of up to ∼10⁹ area-detector data frames per day, facilitating the application of XPCS to measuring samples with weak scattering and fast dynamics.

Recent advances in the synthesis and applications of mordenite zeolite - review

Among the many industrially important zeolites, mordenite is found to be interesting because of its unique and exceptional physical and chemical properties. Mordenite (high silica zeolite) is generally prepared by the hydrothermal method using TEA+ cations. TEA+ cations are the best templating agent, though they can create a number of issues, for instance, generating poison and high manufacturing cost, wastewater contamination, and environmental pollution. Hence, it is necessary to find a mordenite synthesis method without using an organic template or low-cost template. In this review, a number of unique sources were used in the preparation of mordenite zeolite, for instance, silica sources (rice husk ash, silica gel, silica fumes), alumina sources (metakaolin, faujasite zeolite) and sources containing both silica and alumina (waste coal fly ash). These synthesis approaches are also based on the absence of a template or low-cost mixed organic templates (for instance, glycerol (GL), ethylene glycol (EG), and polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG)) or pyrrolidine-based mesoporogen (N-cetyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium) modifying the mordenite framework which can create unique properties. The framework properties and optical properties (indium-exchanged mordenite zeolite) have been discussed. Mordenite is generally used in alkylation, dewaxing, reforming, hydrocracking, catalysis, separation, and purification reactions because of its large pore size, strong acidity, and high thermal and chemical stability, although the applications are not limited for mordenite zeolite. Recently, several applications such as electrochemical detection, isomerization, carbonylation, hydrodeoxygenation, adsorption, biomass conversion, biological applications (antibacterial activity), photocatalysis, fuel cells and polymerization reactions using mordenite zeolite were explored which have been described in detail in this review.

Measurement of single-diffractive dijet production in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 Te with the CMS and TOTEM experiments

Measurements are presented of the single-diffractive dijet cross section and the diffractive cross section as a function of the proton fractional momentum loss ξ and the four-momentum transfer squared t. Both processesp p → p X andp p → X p , i.e. with the proton scattering to either side of the interaction point, are measured, whereX includes at least two jets; the results of the two processes are averaged. The analyses are based on data collected simultaneously with the CMS and TOTEM detectors at the LHC in proton-proton collisions ats = 8 Te during a dedicated run withβ ∗ = 90 m at low instantaneous luminosity and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 37.5 nb - 1 . The single-diffractive dijet cross section σ jj p X , in the kinematic region ξ < 0.1 ,0.03 < | t | < 1 Ge 2 , with at least two jets with transverse momentump T > 40 Ge , and pseudorapidity | η | < 4.4 , is 21.7 ± 0.9 (stat) - 3.3 + 3.0 (syst) ± 0.9 (lumi) nb . The ratio of the single-diffractive to inclusive dijet yields, normalised per unit of ξ , is presented as a function of x, the longitudinal momentum fraction of the proton carried by the struck parton. The ratio in the kinematic region defined above, for x values in the range - 2.9 ≤ log 10 x ≤ - 1.6 , is R = ( σ jj p X / Δ ξ ) / σ jj = 0.025 ± 0.001 (stat) ± 0.003 (syst) , where σ jj p X and σ jj are the single-diffractive and inclusive dijet cross sections, respectively. The results are compared with predictions from models of diffractive and nondiffractive interactions. Monte Carlo predictions based on the HERA diffractive parton distribution functions agree well with the data when corrected for the effect of soft rescattering between the spectator partons.