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Hansen T. DYNAMICS OF VOLUNTEERING AND LIFE SATISFACTION IN MIDLIFE AND OLD AGE: FINDINGS FROM 12 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Andersen MK, Hansen T. Genetics of metabolic traits in Greenlanders: lessons from an isolated population. J Intern Med 2018; 284:464-477. [PMID: 30101502 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the extraordinary population of Greenland, which differs from large outbred populations of Europe and Asia, both in terms of population history and living conditions. Many years in isolation, small population size and an extreme environment have shaped the genetic composition of the Greenlandic population. The unique genetic background combined with the transition from a traditional Inuit lifestyle and diet, to a more Westernized lifestyle, has led to an increase in the prevalence of metabolic conditions like obesity, where the prevalence from 1993 to 2010 has increased from 16.4% to 19.4% among men, and from 13.0% to 25.4% among women, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The genetic susceptibility to metabolic conditions has been explored in Greenlanders, as well as other isolated populations, taking advantage of population-genetic properties of these populations. During the last 10 years, these studies have provided examples of loci showing evidence of positive selection, due to adaption to Arctic climate and Inuit diet, including TBC1D4 and FADS/CPT1A, and have facilitated the discovery of several loci associated with metabolic phenotypes. Most recently, the c.2433-1G>A loss-of-function variant in ADCY3 associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes was described. This locus has provided novel biological insights, as it has been shown that reduced ADCY3 function causes obesity through disrupted function in primary cilia. Future studies of isolated populations will likely provide further genetic as well as biological insights.
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Beger B, Blatt S, Pabst AM, Hansen T, Goetz H, Al-Nawas B, Ziebart T. Biofunctionalization of synthetic bone substitutes with angiogenic stem cells: Influence on regeneration of critical-size bone defects in an in vivo murine model. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:1601-1608. [PMID: 30196861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of human bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) on vascularization and bone regeneration in combination with a bone-substitute material (BSM) in a critical-size bone defect in a murine model. Critical-size bone defects were performed and the defects were filled according to the group membership. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen rats were randomized in two experimental groups: BSM (BoneCeramic) with/without EPC biofunctionalization, and a control group without BSM and EPC. Calvaria bone defects were performed and the defects were filled according to the group membership. After 8 weeks, qualitative tissue response of newly formed bone mass was analyzed by histology, cone beam CT (CBCT) and micro-CT (μCT) scans. Occurrence of tumor masses due to EPC vascularization in peripheral organs was investigated microscopically in histological slides of liver and kidney. RESULTS The combination of EPC and BSM showed smaller bone defects in the CT scans and the histological evaluation as the single use of BSM without EPC by trend (p = 0.067). Further, a higher amount of blood vessels could be found in histological slices of BSM in combination with EPC. No inflammatory response or tumor formation could be found. CONCLUSION These findings confirm the biocompatibility of the used BSM and provide evidence that the combination of BSM with EPC might be effective for bone vascularization and regeneration. Using EPC in augmentation sites might overall lead to faster and better bone regeneration and should be further investigated in future studies.
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Seufert J, Nauck M, Rosenstock J, Hansen T, Vrazic H, Vilsboll T. P2857Increase in pulse rate with semaglutide did not result in increased adverse cardiac events in subjects with type 2 diabetes in the SUSTAIN 6 cardiovascular outcomes trial. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kuhr Skals R, Lukacs Krogager M, Rosenbaum Appel EV, Schnurr TM, Theil Have C, Gislason G, Enghusen H, Koeber L, Engstroem T, Stender S, Hansen T, Grarup N, Andersson C, Torp-Pedersen C, Weeke PE. P3630Genetic risk score of insulin resistance risk variants is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease in patients referred to coronary angiography. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Crusell M, Hansen T, Nielsen T, Allin K, Ruehlemann M, Damm P, Vestergaard H, Roerbye C, Joergensen N, Christiansen O, Heinsen FA, Franke A, Hansen T, Lauenborg J, Pedersen O. Gestational diabetes is associated with an aberrant gut microbiota during pregnancy and postpartum. J Reprod Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Engelbrechtsen L, Gybel-Brask D, Mahendran Y, Crusell M, Hansen TH, Schnurr TM, Hogdall E, Skibsted L, Hansen T, Vestergaard H. Birth weight variants are associated with variable fetal intrauterine growth from 20 weeks of gestation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8376. [PMID: 29849051 PMCID: PMC5976727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal intrauterine growth is influenced by complex interactions between the maternal genes, environment and fetal genes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of GWAS-identified genetic variants associated with birth weight on intrauterine fetal growth in 665 children. Fetal growth was estimated by two-dimensional ultrasound scans at 20, 25 and 32 weeks of gestation and growth trajectories were modeled using mixed linear regression. A genetic risk score (GRS) of birth weight-raising variants was associated with intrauterine growth showing an attenuating effect on the unconditional daily reduction in proportional weight gain of 8.92 × 10-6 percentage points/allele/day (p = 2.0 × 10-4), corresponding to a mean difference of 410 g at 40 weeks of gestation between a child with lowest and highest GRS. Eight variants were independently associated with intrauterine growth throughout the pregnancy, while four variants were associated with fetal growth in the periods 20-25 or 25-32 weeks of gestation, indicating that some variants may act in specific time windows during pregnancy. Four of the intrauterine growth variants were associated with type 2 diabetes, hypertension or BMI in the UK Biobank, which may provide basis for further understanding of the link between intrauterine growth and later risk of metabolic disease.
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Schytte T, Nielsen T, Moeller D, Hoffmann L, Khalil A, Knap M, Lund M, Nyhus C, Hansen T, Ottosson W, Borissova S, Appelt A, Brimk C, Hansen O. PO-0754: Safe inhomogeneus RT dose escalation in locally advanced NSCLC, -interim results from NARLAL2. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Warrington NM, Richmond R, Fenstra B, Myhre R, Gaillard R, Paternoster L, Wang CA, Beaumont RN, Das S, Murcia M, Barton SJ, Espinosa A, Thiering E, Atalay M, Pitkänen N, Ntalla I, Jonsson AE, Freathy R, Karhunen V, Tiesler CMT, Allard C, Crawford A, Ring SM, Melbye M, Magnus P, Rivadeneira F, Skotte L, Hansen T, Marsh J, Guxens M, Holloway JW, Grallert H, Jaddoe VWV, Lowe Jr WL, Roumeliotaki T, Hattersley AT, Lindi V, Pahkala K, Panoutsopoulou K, Standl M, Flexeder C, Bouchard L, Aagaard Nohr E, Marina LS, Kogevinas M, Niinikoski H, Dedoussis G, Heinrich J, Reynolds RM, Lakka T, Zeggini E, Raitakari OT, Chatzi L, Inskip HM, Bustamante M, Hivert MF, Jarvelin MR, Sørensen TIA, Pennell C, Felix JF, Jacobsson B, Geller F, Evans DM, Lawlor DA. Maternal and fetal genetic contribution to gestational weight gain. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:775-784. [PMID: 28990592 PMCID: PMC5784805 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical recommendations to limit gestational weight gain (GWG) imply high GWG is causally related to adverse outcomes in mother or offspring, but GWG is the sum of several inter-related complex phenotypes (maternal fat deposition and vascular expansion, placenta, amniotic fluid and fetal growth). Understanding the genetic contribution to GWG could help clarify the potential effect of its different components on maternal and offspring health. Here we explore the genetic contribution to total, early and late GWG. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A genome-wide association study was used to identify maternal and fetal variants contributing to GWG in up to 10 543 mothers and 16 317 offspring of European origin, with replication in 10 660 mothers and 7561 offspring. Additional analyses determined the proportion of variability in GWG from maternal and fetal common genetic variants and the overlap of established genome-wide significant variants for phenotypes relevant to GWG (for example, maternal body mass index (BMI) and glucose, birth weight). RESULTS Approximately 20% of the variability in GWG was tagged by common maternal genetic variants, and the fetal genome made a surprisingly minor contribution to explain variation in GWG. Variants near the pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein 5 (PSG5) gene reached genome-wide significance (P=1.71 × 10-8) for total GWG in the offspring genome, but did not replicate. Some established variants associated with increased BMI, fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes were associated with lower early, and higher later GWG. Maternal variants related to higher systolic blood pressure were related to lower late GWG. Established maternal and fetal birth weight variants were largely unrelated to GWG. CONCLUSIONS We found a modest contribution of maternal common variants to GWG and some overlap of maternal BMI, glucose and type 2 diabetes variants with GWG. These findings suggest that associations between GWG and later offspring/maternal outcomes may be due to the relationship of maternal BMI and diabetes with GWG.
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Lind MV, Lauritzen L, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Kristensen M, Ross AB. One-carbon metabolism markers are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:402-410. [PMID: 29499850 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alterations to one-carbon metabolism, especially elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy), have been suggested to be both a cause and a consequence of the metabolic syndrome (MS). A deeper understanding of the role of other one-carbon metabolites in MS, including s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and the methylation capacity index (SAM:SAH ratio) is required. METHODS AND RESULTS 118 men and women with MS-risk factors were included in this cross-sectional study and cardiometabolic outcomes along with markers of one-carbon metabolism, including fasting plasma SAM, SAH, Hcy and vitamin B12 concentrations, were analysed. Multiple linear regression models were also used to examine the association between plasma one-carbon metabolites and cardiometabolic health features. We found that fasting plasma concentrations of Hcy, SAM and SAH were all positively correlated with markers of adiposity, including BMI (increase in BMI per 1-SD increase in one-carbon metabolite: 0.92 kg/m2 95% CI (0.28; 1.56), p = 0.005; 0.81 (0.15; 1.47), p = 0.02; 0.67 (-0.01; 1.36), p = 0.05, respectively). Hcy, but not SAM, SAH or SAM:SAH ratio was associated with BMI and body fat percentage after mutual adjustments. SAM concentrations were associated with higher fasting insulin (9.5% 95% CI (0.3; 19.5) per SD increase in SAM, p = 0.04), HOMA-IR (10.8% (0.8; 21.9), p = 0.03) and TNF-α (11.8% (5.0; 19.0), p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We found little evidence for associations between SAM:SAH ratio and cardiometabolic variables, but higher plasma concentrations of SAM, SAH and Hcy are related to an overall higher risk of metabolic dysfunctions. The studies were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01719913 &NCT01731366).
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Erman A, Hansen T, Bielecki JM, Feld J, Krahn MD, Thein R. A160 ESTIMATION OF FIBROSIS PROGRESSION RATES FOR CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: UPDATED META-ANALYSIS AND META-REGRESSION. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hansen T, Manishen W. A48 DUODENAL ADENOCARCINOMA: A CASE REPORT. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hansen T, Silvester J, Rigaux L, Graff LA, Bernstein CN, Walker JR, Duerksen D. A162 PHYSICIAN DIAGNOSES AND SELF-DIAGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH CELIAC DISEASE IN THE INTERNET ERA. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hansen T, Targownik L, Walker JR, Bernstein MT, Sexton K, Bernstein CN. A161 EVALUATING THE DIFFERENCES IN PERCEIVED STRESS AMONG NON-INFLAMMATORY AND INFLAMMATORY IBD FLARES. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hansen T, Teshima CW. A47 LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT FOR SMALL BOWEL VACULAR LESIONS BY DOUBLE BALLOON ENDOSCOPY. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hansen T, Moffatt DC. A76 SINGLE OPERATOR PANCREATOSCOPY IN THE EVALUATION OF PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS: A CASE SERIES. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hansen T, Brochhausen C, Kneist W, Oberholzer K, Junginger T, Schreckenberger M, Bartenstein P, Buchmann I. FDG-PET in the initial staging of squamous cell oesophageal carcinoma. Nuklearmedizin 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1625108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummarySquamous cell oesophageal carcinoma is the most common carcinoma of the oesophagus worldwide. The tumour stage as most important prognostic factor determines the clinical management. Aim of this study was to evaluate the value of FDG-PET 1. in imaging the primary tumour and 2. in Nand M-staging of squamous cell oesophageal carcinoma. Patients, methods: In 20 patients with histological proven squamous cell carcinoma of the upper and middle oesophagus , FDG-PET was performed in standard technique prior to therapy. FDG uptake in the primary was determined by calculation of the SUVmax. NM-staging due to PET findings was performed as designated by the AJCC/UICC group classification and was compared with pathological and clinically based staging. Sensitivities, specificities and accuracies were calculated. Results: In 19 of 20 patients, primary squamous cell oesopohageal carcinoma was detected by FDG-PET findings with a maximum SUV of 12.5 (mean) ± 5.1 (median 11.5; range 4.8-23.8). One carcinoma in situ was missed. The sensitivity of FDG-PET in imaging the primary tumour was 96%. The sensitivities, specificities and accuracies were 20%, 100%, 58% for N-staging, and 60%, 86% and 93% for M-staging. PET findings caused changes of therapy in 5% (1 patient). Conclusions: FDGPET was excellent in imaging the primary of squamous cell oesophageal carcinoma in stage T1-T4 and was efficient in M-staging. The low sensitivity in N-staging is of inferior clinical importance. The efficacy of FDG-PET seems to be not significantly be influenced by the histological subtype of oesophageal carcinoma.
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Hansen T, Kjaersgaard A, Beck AM, Poulsen I. Letter to the editor: Effect of a Minimal-Massive Intervention in Hospitalized Older Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Proof of Concept Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:1018. [PMID: 30272108 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kanters J, Grarup N, Graff C, Nielsen J, Linneberg A, Hansen T, Olesen M. Genome-wide association study of T-wave morphology. J Electrocardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Skaaby T, Taylor AE, Thuesen BH, Jacobsen RK, Friedrich N, Møllehave LT, Hansen S, Larsen SC, Völker U, Nauck M, Völzke H, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Jørgensen T, Paternoster L, Munafò M, Grarup N, Linneberg A. Estimating the causal effect of body mass index on hay fever, asthma and lung function using Mendelian randomization. Allergy 2018; 73:153-164. [PMID: 28675761 DOI: 10.1111/all.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have shown that body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with asthma. However, observational data are prone to confounding and reverse causation. In Mendelian randomization, genetic variants are used as unconfounded markers of exposures to examine causal effects. We examined the causal effect of BMI on asthma, hay fever, allergic sensitization, serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), forced expiratory volume in one-second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). METHODS We included 490 497 participants in the observational and 162 124 participants in the genetic analyses. A genetic risk score (GRS) was created using 26 BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Results were pooled in meta-analyses and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) or β-estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS The GRS was significantly associated with asthma (OR=1.009; 95% CI: 1.004, 1.013), but not with hay fever (OR= 0.998; 95% CI: 0.994, 1.002) or allergic sensitization (OR=0.999; 95% CI: 0.986, 1.012) per BMI-increasing allele. The GRS was significantly associated with decrease in FEV1: β=-0.0012 (95% CI: -0.0019, -0.0006) and FVC: β=-0.0022 (95% CI: -0.0031, -0.0014) per BMI-increasing allele. Effect sizes estimated by instrumental variable analyses were OR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.10) for asthma, a 9 ml decrease in FEV1 (95% CI: 2.0-15 mL decrease) and a 16 ml decrease in FVC (95% CI: 7.0-24 mL decrease) per 1 kg/m2 higher BMI. CONCLUSIONS The results support the conclusion that increasing BMI is causally related to higher prevalence of asthma and decreased lung function, but not with hay fever or biomarkers of allergy.
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Engelbrechtsen L, Lundgren J, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Mahendran Y, Iepsen EW, Finocchietto P, Jonsson AE, Madsbad S, Holst JJ, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Torekov SS. Treatment with liraglutide may improve markers of CVD reflected by reduced levels of apoB. Obes Sci Pract 2017; 3:425-433. [PMID: 29259801 PMCID: PMC5729494 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dislipidaemia and increased levels of apolipoprotein B (apoB) in individuals with obesity are risk factors for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of weight loss and weight maintenance with and without liraglutide treatment on plasma lipid profiles and apoB. Methods Fifty‐eight individuals with obesity (body mass index 34.5 ± 3.0 kg/m2 [mean ± SD]) were included in this study. After 8 weeks on a very low‐calorie diet (800 kcal/day), participants were randomized to weight maintenance with meal replacements with or without liraglutide (1.2 mg daily) for 1 year. Plasma samples from before and after weight loss and after 1 year of weight maintenance were subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance‐based lipidomics analysis. Results After an 8‐week low‐calorie diet, study participants lost 12.0 ± 2.9 kg (mean ± SD) of their body weight, which was reflected in their lipid profiles (80 out of 124 lipids changed significantly), including reduced levels of apoB, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein and very low‐density lipoprotein subclasses. After 1 year of maintained weight loss, the majority of the lipids had returned to pre‐weight loss levels even though weight loss was successfully maintained in both groups. Interestingly, apoB levels remained low in the liraglutide treated group (apoB change: 0.03 ± 0.02 mmol/L, p = 0.4) in contrast to an increase in the control group (apoB change: 0.06 ± 0.07 mmol/L, p = 0.02). Conclusion An 8‐week low‐calorie diet, in individuals with obesity, reduced plasma levels of lipids and the atherogenic marker apoB. After 1 year of weight maintenance, only study participants treated with liraglutide maintained reduced levels of apoB, despite similar body weight maintenance. Treatment with liraglutide may therefore reduce apoB levels and thus reflect lower CVD risk. Including apoB measurements in clinical practice when monitoring patients with dislipidemia or CVD might prove to be useful.
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Singh R, Hansen T, Ritter C, Sharma N, Shahi P, Chatterjee S, Das A. Pressure induced effects on the chemical and magnetic structure of spinel MnV 2O 4. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:345802. [PMID: 28657548 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa7c3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of external pressure (P ⩽ 5 GPa) on both the structural and magnetic ordering in MnV2O4 has been investigated using neutron diffraction technique. The volume and the V-V distance decrease with pressure while the c/a ratio increases, suggesting a lowering of the distortion with pressure. Under ambient conditions this compound exhibits a structural transition (T S) from tetragonal to cubic at ~53 K and a magnetic transition (T N ) at ~56 K. It is found that with an increase in pressure to 5 GPa, T N increases (from 56 K to 80 K), dT N /dP > 0, while T S decreases (from 53 K to 37 K). The non collinear magnetic structure in the tetragonal phase at 5 GPa and 10 K remains the same as at ambient pressure. However, the Mn and V sublattice, now exhibits distinct transition temperatures, [Formula: see text] ~ 80 K, and [Formula: see text] ~ 60 K. The transition to the cubic phase at T S is accompanied by a collinear alignment of the Mn and V spins and a reduction in the Mn moment. The region in which the structure remains in the cubic phase with collinear magnetic structure increases with pressure from ~3 K at ambient pressure to ~43 K at 5 GPa pressure.
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Hansen T. EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITIES IN LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION ACROSS EUROPE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hansen T. BEYOND THE ISOLATED SWALLOW: DYSPHAGIA IN THE CONTEXT OF PERFORMANCE DURING A MEAL. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Harvey AC, Fjelldal PG, Solberg MF, Hansen T, Glover KA. Ploidy elicits a whole-genome dosage effect: growth of triploid Atlantic salmon is linked to the genetic origin of the second maternal chromosome set. BMC Genet 2017; 18:34. [PMID: 28399816 PMCID: PMC5387229 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry is investigating the feasibility of using sterile triploids to mitigate genetic interactions with wild conspecifics, however, studies investigating diploid and triploid performance often show contrasting results. Studies have identified dosage and dosage-compensation effects for gene expression between triploid and diploid salmonids, but no study has investigated how ploidy and parent-origin effects interact on a polygenic trait in divergent lines of Atlantic salmon (i.e. slow growing wild versus fast growing domesticated phenotype). This study utilised two experiments relating to the freshwater growth of diploid and triploid groups of pure wild (0% domesticated genome), pure domesticated (100% domesticated genome), and F1 reciprocal hybrid (33%, 50% or 66% domesticated genome) salmon where triploidy was either artificially induced (experiment 1) or naturally developed/spontaneous (experiment 2). Results In both experiments, reciprocal hybrid growth was influenced by the dosage effect of the second maternal chromosome, with growth increasing as ploidy level increased in individuals with a domesticated dam (from 50% to 66% domesticated genome), and the inverse in individuals with a wild dam (from 50% to 33% domesticated genome). Conclusions We demonstrate that the combined effect of ploidy and parent-origin on growth, a polygenic trait, is regulated in an additive pattern. Therefore, in order to maximise growth potential, the aquaculture industry should consider placing more emphasis on the breeding value of the dam than the sire when producing triploid families for commercial production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-017-0502-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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