1
|
Pecori A, Luppieri V, Santin A, Spedicati B, Zampieri S, Cadenaro M, Girotto G, Concas MP. Clenching the Strings of Bruxism Etiopathogenesis: Association Analyses on Genetics and Environmental Risk Factors in a Deeply Characterized Italian Cohort. Biomedicines 2024; 12:304. [PMID: 38397906 PMCID: PMC10887134 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bruxism is a worldwide oral health problem. Although there is a consensus about its multifactorial nature, its precise etiopathogenetic mechanisms are unclear. This study, taking advantage of a deeply characterized cohort of 769 individuals (aged 6-89 years) coming from Northern Italy's genetically isolated populations, aims to epidemiologically describe environmental risk factors for bruxism development and identify genes potentially involved through a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) approach. Logistic mixed models adjusted for age and sex were performed to evaluate associations between bruxism and possible risk factors, e.g., anxiety, smoking, and alcohol and caffeine intake. A case-control GWAS (135 cases, 523 controls), adjusted for age, sex, and anxiety, was conducted to identify new candidate genes. The GTEx data analysis was performed to evaluate the identified gene expression in human body tissues. Statistical analyses determined anxiety as a bruxism risk factor (OR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.20-5.38; p-value = 0.015), and GWAS highlighted three novel genes potentially associated with bruxism: NLGN1 (topSNP = rs2046718; p-value = 2.63 × 10-7), RIMBP2 (topSNP = rs571497947; p-value = 4.68 × 10-7), and LHFP (topSNP = rs2324342; p-value = 7.47 × 10-6). The GTEx data analysis showed their expression in brain tissues. Overall, this work provided a deeper understanding of bruxism etiopathogenesis with the long-term perspective of developing personalized therapeutic approaches for improving affected individuals' quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pecori
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.P.); (V.L.); (B.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Valentina Luppieri
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.P.); (V.L.); (B.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.P.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aurora Santin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Spedicati
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.P.); (V.L.); (B.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.P.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Zampieri
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.P.); (V.L.); (B.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Milena Cadenaro
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.P.); (V.L.); (B.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.P.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.P.); (V.L.); (B.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.P.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.P.); (V.L.); (B.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moura P, Cardoso-dos-Santos AC, Schuler-Faccini L. Clusters of oculocutaneous albinism in isolated populations in Brazil: A community genetics challenge. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20230164. [PMID: 38113291 PMCID: PMC10729785 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders involving deficiencies in melanin biosynthesis, with consequent skin, hair, and eye hypopigmentation. The world prevalence is estimated at 1/17,000, but there is high variability among populations. The affected individuals, besides clinical complications, can suffer from discrimination. The Brazilian population is highly admixed, with isolated and inbred communities. Previous reports indicated the presence of diverse isolated communities with a high prevalence of OCA in Brazil. The present work sought to review and characterize clusters of albinism in this country based on scientific literature search, newspapers, and websites. We identified and characterized 18 clusters, 13 confirmed by scientific studies. Seven clusters are in the Northeast region, with predominant African ancestry, and seven others in indigenous communities, particularly among the Kaingaing in South Brazil. Isolation and inbreeding associated with founder effects seem to be the most plausible explanation. Molecular studies and clinical classification are still limited. Their localization in deprived regions with poor infrastructure makes them particularly vulnerable to the social and clinical consequences of lacking melanin. We reinforce the need for a tailored approach to these communities, including appropriate medical care, social support, and genetic counselling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulyana Moura
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação de Genética e Biologia
Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
SulInstituto de BiociênciasPrograma de Pós-graduação de Genética e Biologia
MolecularPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Augusto César Cardoso-dos-Santos
- Ministério da Saúde, Governo Federal, Brasília,
DF, Brazil.Ministério da SaúdeGoverno FederalBrasíliaDFBrazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de
Genética Médica Populacional (INaGeMP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de
Genética Médica PopulacionalPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Lavinia Schuler-Faccini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação de Genética e Biologia
Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
SulInstituto de BiociênciasPrograma de Pós-graduação de Genética e Biologia
MolecularPorto AlegreRSBrazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de
Genética Médica Populacional (INaGeMP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de
Genética Médica PopulacionalPorto AlegreRSBrazil
- Hospital de Clínicas Porto Alegre HCPA, Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil. Hospital de Clínicas Porto Alegre
HCPAPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peters C, Geary M, Hosie C, Nelson H, Rusk B, Muir A. Non-invasive sampling reveals low mitochondrial genetic diversity for an island endemic species: The critically endangered Grenada Dove Leptotila wellsi. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10767. [PMID: 38020693 PMCID: PMC10667608 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As an island endemic with a decreasing population, the critically endangered Grenada Dove Leptotila wellsi is threatened by accelerated loss of genetic diversity resulting from ongoing habitat fragmentation. Small, threatened populations are difficult to sample directly but advances in molecular methods mean that non-invasive samples can be used. We performed the first assessment of genetic diversity of populations of Grenada Dove by (a) assessing mtDNA genetic diversity in the only two areas of occupancy on Grenada, (b) defining the number of haplotypes present at each site and (c) evaluating evidence of isolation between sites. We used non-invasively collected samples from two locations: Mt Hartman (n = 18) and Perseverance (n = 12). DNA extraction and PCR were used to amplify 1751 bps of mtDNA from two mitochondrial markers: NADH dehydrogenase 2 (ND2) and Cytochrome b (Cyt b). Haplotype diversity (h) of 0.4, a nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.00023 and two unique haplotypes were identified within the ND2 sequences; a single haplotype was identified within the Cyt b sequences. Of the two haplotypes identified, the most common haplotype (haplotype A = 73.9%) was observed at both sites and the other (haplotype B = 26.1%) was unique to Perseverance. Our results show low mitochondrial genetic diversity and clear evidence for genetically isolated populations. The Grenada Dove needs urgent conservation action, including habitat protection and potentially augmentation of gene flow by translocation in order to increase genetic resilience and diversity with the ultimate aim of securing the long-term survival of this critically endangered species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Peters
- Conservation Biology Research Group, Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChesterChesterUK
| | - Matthew Geary
- Conservation Biology Research Group, Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChesterChesterUK
| | - Charlotte Hosie
- Conservation Biology Research Group, Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChesterChesterUK
| | | | - Bonnie Rusk
- Grenada Dove Conservation ProgrammeSt GeorgesGrenada
| | - Anna Muir
- Conservation Biology Research Group, Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChesterChesterUK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Collado GA, Torres-Díaz C, Vidal MA, Valladares MA. Genetic Diversity, Morphometric Characterization, and Conservation Reassessment of the Critically Endangered Freshwater Snail, Heleobia atacamensis, in the Atacama Saltpan, Northern Chile. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:791. [PMID: 37372077 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Evaporitic ecosystems of the Atacama Desert contain a rich endemic fauna, including mollusk species. A recent study performed in the freshwater snail Heleobia atacamensis, endemic to the Atacama Saltpan, revealed a strong interdependence of genetic patterns with climatic fluctuations and landscape physiography. The species is currently listed as Critically Endangered at regional scale and as Data Deficient on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Here, we studied genetic diversity and demographic history of several populations of the species occurring on a connectivity gradient, including snails from new peripherical localities (Peine and Tilomonte), which were compared with topotype specimens. In addition, we reassessed the conservation status using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria considering species-specific idiosyncrasy. Phylogenetic and phylogeographical analyses indicated that snails from Peine and Tilomonte belong to H. atacamensis. We discovered significant differentiation in shell morphology, which was generally greater in geographically isolated populations. We also inferred six genetic clusters and a demographic expansion congruent with the wet periods that occurred at the end of the Pleistocene. Considering the highest risk category obtained, H. atacamensis was reassessed as Endangered at regional scale. Future conservation plans should consider the genetic assemblages as conservation units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo A Collado
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avenida Andrés Bello 720, Chillán 3800708, Chile
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avenida Andrés Bello 720, Chillán 3800708, Chile
| | - Cristian Torres-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avenida Andrés Bello 720, Chillán 3800708, Chile
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avenida Andrés Bello 720, Chillán 3800708, Chile
| | - Marcela A Vidal
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avenida Andrés Bello 720, Chillán 3800708, Chile
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avenida Andrés Bello 720, Chillán 3800708, Chile
| | - Moisés A Valladares
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avenida Andrés Bello 720, Chillán 3800708, Chile
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avenida Andrés Bello 720, Chillán 3800708, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang F, Wang M, Zhang XH, Yu KL, Zheng LB, Yang YJ. Genetic substructure analysis of three isolated populations in southwest China. Yi Chuan 2022; 44:424-431. [PMID: 35729699 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.22-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Southwest China is home to numerous ethnic minorities, as well as many geographically and genetically isolated groups. However, the genetic substructure of these ethnic groups, especially the paternal genetic structure between groups, has not been comprehensively analyzed. In this study, we used Y chromosome capture and Illumina sequencing technologies to investigate the paternal genetic structure of three isolated groups of male unrelated individuals, including Baima in Pingwu, Sichuan Province, Muya in Shimian, Sichuan Province, and Kongge in Jinghong, Yunnan Province. We calculated the frequencies of related haplogroups by the fixed-point compound amplification method and direct counting method, and used the Past3.0 software to perform principal component analysis to draw a population clustering tree. we observed that Kongge had 3 Y chromosome haplogroups, Baima had 4 Y chromosome haplogroups, and Muya had 5 Y chromosome haplogroups. The results showed that Kongge was most closely related to the Wa, and the Y chromosome types of the Baima and Muya were mainly concentrated in the D haplogroup and its lower reaches. It has the closest relationship with the Tibetans in Qamdo and Nyingchi. The study on the genetic structure of different ethnic groups has enriched the genetic relationship of isolated populations and provided a new perspective for understanding Chinese ethnic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xing-Hua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ke-Li Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lian-Bin Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hicks PM, Haaland B, Feehan M, Crandall AS, Pettey JH, Nuttall E, Self W, Hartnett ME, Bernstein P, Vitale A, Shakoor A, Shulman JP, Sieminski SF, Kim I, Owen LA, Murtaugh MA, Noyes A, DeAngelis MM. Systemic Disease and Ocular Comorbidity Analysis of Geographically Isolated Federally Recognized American Indian Tribes of the Intermountain West. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3590. [PMID: 33171720 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Indian Navajo and Goshute peoples are underserved patient populations residing in the Four Corners area of the United States and Ibupah, Utah, respectively. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of epidemiological factors and lipid biomarkers that may be associated with type II diabetes, hypertension and retinal manifestations in tribal and non-tribal members in the study areas (n = 146 participants). We performed multivariate analyses to determine which, if any, risk factors were unique at the tribal level. Fundus photos and epidemiological data through standardized questionnaires were collected. Blood samples were collected to analyze lipid biomarkers. Univariate analyses were conducted and statistically significant factors at p < 0.10 were entered into a multivariate regression. RESULTS Of 51 participants for whom phenotyping was available, from the Four Corners region, 31 had type II diabetes (DM), 26 had hypertension and 6 had diabetic retinopathy (DR). Of the 64 participants from Ibupah with phenotyping available, 20 had diabetes, 19 had hypertension and 6 had DR. Navajo participants were less likely to have any type of retinopathy as compared to Goshute participants (odds ratio (OR) = 0.059; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.016-0.223; p < 0.001). Associations were found between diabetes and hypertension in both populations. Older age was associated with hypertension in the Four Corners, and the Navajo that reside there on the reservation, but not within the Goshute and Ibupah populations. Combining both the Ibupah, Utah and Four Corners study populations, being American Indian (p = 0.022), residing in the Four Corners (p = 0.027) and having hypertension (p < 0.001) increased the risk of DM. DM (p < 0.001) and age (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with hypertension in both populations examined. When retinopathy was evaluated for both populations combined, hypertension (p = 0.037) and living in Ibupah (p < 0.001) were associated with greater risk of retinopathy. When combining both American Indian populations from the Four Corners and Ibupah, those with hypertension were more likely to have DM (p < 0.001). No lipid biomarkers were found to be significantly associated with any disease state. CONCLUSIONS We found different comorbid factors with retinal disease outcome between the two tribes that reside within the Intermountain West. This is indicated by the association of tribe and with the type of retinopathy outcome when we combined the populations of American Indians. Overall, the Navajo peoples and the Four Corners had a higher prevalence of chronic disease that included diabetes and hypertension than the Goshutes and Ibupah. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to conduct an analysis for disease outcomes exclusively including the Navajo and Goshute tribe of the Intermountain West.
Collapse
|
7
|
Eaton A, Hartley T, Kernohan K, Ito Y, Lamont R, Parboosingh J, Barrowman N, Innes AM, Boycott K. When to think outside the autozygome: Best practices for exome sequencing in "consanguineous" families. Clin Genet 2020; 97:835-843. [PMID: 32162313 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exome sequencing (ES) is an effective diagnostic tool with a high yield in consanguineous families. However, how diagnostic yield and mode of inheritance relate to family structure has not been well delineated. We reviewed ES results from families enrolled in the Care4Rare Canada research consortium with various degrees of consanguinity. We contrasted the diagnostic yield in families with parents who are second cousins or closer ("close" consanguinity) vs those more distantly related or from isolated populations ("presumed" consanguinity). We further stratified by number of affected individuals (multiple affected ["multiplex"] vs single affected [simplex]). The overall yield in 116 families was 45.7% (n = 53) with no significant difference between subgroups. Homozygous variants accounted for 100% and 75% of diagnoses in close and presumed consanguineous multiplex families, respectively. In simplex presumed consanguineous families, a striking 46.2% of diagnoses were due to de novo variants, vs only 11.8% in simplex closely consanguineous families (88.2% homozygous). Our data underscores the high yield of ES in consanguineous families and highlights that while a singleton approach may frequently be reasonable and a responsible use of resources, trio sequencing should be strongly considered in simplex families in the absence of confirmed consanguinity given the proportion of de novo variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Eaton
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taila Hartley
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristin Kernohan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoko Ito
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Lamont
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jillian Parboosingh
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nick Barrowman
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | -
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kym Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sagi-Dain L, Weissman I, Cohen-Kfir N, Kalfon L, Edri N, Shasha Lavski H, Peleg A, Falik-Zaccai TC. Genetic counseling of high-risk isolated populations: A worldwide challenge. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:316-320. [PMID: 32115902 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated populations with high rates of consanguinity and genetic disorders can be found in most parts of the world. The aim of our paper was to highlight the unique challenges faced in genetic counseling for such patients and to discuss the ways to facilitate the difficulties, with an emphasis on the crucial role of electronic medical records (EMR). CASE We report a couple presenting with elevated maternal alpha-fetoprotein in three pregnancies, in which an erroneous diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa was established in the past and carried along through several years. The live born proband had no evidence of skin disease; however, soon after birth she was diagnosed with congenital nephrotic syndrome. Sequencing of NPHS1 gene yielded a homozygous likely pathogenic genetic variant c.2104G > A (p.Gly702Arg). Population screening performed in the village of residence revealed a carrier frequency of 1-47. This high frequency justified including testing for the founder genetic variant in the national program for population screening. CONCLUSIONS Our report highlights the caution, suspicion and time investment which should be practiced and addressed in genetic counseling of high-risk isolated populations. Using EMR may facilitate reaching the correct diagnosis, enable accurate genetic counseling and provide information for decision-making to the couples, as well as "save" a large community from devastating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sagi-Dain
- Genetics Institute, Carmel Medical Center, Affiliated to the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irith Weissman
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Nehama Cohen-Kfir
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Limor Kalfon
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Nurit Edri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | | | - Amir Peleg
- Genetics Institute, Carmel Medical Center, Affiliated to the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tzipora C Falik-Zaccai
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
In this review, we describe the extraordinary population of Greenland, which differs from large outbred populations of Europe and Asia, both in terms of population history and living conditions. Many years in isolation, small population size and an extreme environment have shaped the genetic composition of the Greenlandic population. The unique genetic background combined with the transition from a traditional Inuit lifestyle and diet, to a more Westernized lifestyle, has led to an increase in the prevalence of metabolic conditions like obesity, where the prevalence from 1993 to 2010 has increased from 16.4% to 19.4% among men, and from 13.0% to 25.4% among women, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The genetic susceptibility to metabolic conditions has been explored in Greenlanders, as well as other isolated populations, taking advantage of population-genetic properties of these populations. During the last 10 years, these studies have provided examples of loci showing evidence of positive selection, due to adaption to Arctic climate and Inuit diet, including TBC1D4 and FADS/CPT1A, and have facilitated the discovery of several loci associated with metabolic phenotypes. Most recently, the c.2433-1G>A loss-of-function variant in ADCY3 associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes was described. This locus has provided novel biological insights, as it has been shown that reduced ADCY3 function causes obesity through disrupted function in primary cilia. Future studies of isolated populations will likely provide further genetic as well as biological insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Andersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nelson BD, Ahn R, Markovchick V, Hines RA, Lauretti AR, Lauretti JR, Dahl-Regis M, Burke TF. Emergency care and referral among isolated island populations in the Bahamas. J Emerg Med 2014; 48:356-65. [PMID: 25534899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated island populations face unique health challenges. In the Bahamas, the islands of Mayaguana, Inagua, Crooked Island, Acklins, and Long Cay-referred to as the MICAL Constituency-are among the most isolated. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to better understand regional emergency care needs and capabilities, and determine how emergency care can be optimized among island populations. METHODS During the summer of 2013, the project team conducted semi-structured key-informant interviews and small-group discussions among all health care teams in the MICAL region, as well as a community-based household survey on the island of Mayaguana. The interviews and small-group discussions consisted of open-response questions related to health care services, equipment, supplies, medications, and human resources. The community-based survey examined the prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs) and associated risk factors affecting the inhabitants of the region. RESULTS The average number of annual emergency referrals from each of the MICAL islands was approximately 25-30, and reasons for referrals off-island included chest pain, abdominal pain, trauma, and dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Traditional prehospital care is not established in the MICAL Constituency. Providers reported feelings of isolation from the distant health system in Nassau. Whereas most clinics have a well-stocked pharmacy of oral medications, diagnostic capabilities are limited. The household survey showed a high prevalence of CNCDs and associated risk factors. CONCLUSION Ongoing in-service emergency care training among MICAL providers is needed. Additional equipment could significantly improve emergency care capabilities, specifically, equipment to manage chest pain, fractures, and other trauma. Community-based preventive services and education could improve the overall health of the island populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett D Nelson
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roy Ahn
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vince Markovchick
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Rosemary A Hines
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandre R Lauretti
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julien R Lauretti
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Thomas F Burke
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dietrich GJ, Pecio A, Sikorska J, Wolnicki J, Słowińska M, Hliwa P, Kamiński R, Andronowska A, Ciereszko A. Characterization of lake minnow Eupallasella percnurus semen in relation to sperm morphology, regulation of sperm motility and interpopulation diversity. J Fish Biol 2014; 85:446-55. [PMID: 24961489 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sperm morphology and regulation of sperm motility of lake minnow Eupallasella percnurus, an endangered cyprinid, were investigated. Milt characteristics from two isolated populations of E. percnurus were compared to characterize the interpopulation diversity. Electron microscopic studies revealed that E. percnurus spermatozoa comprise simple, uniflagellate, anacrosomal aquasperm with species-specific features as an eccentrically located implantation of nuclear fossa and eccentric insertion of flagellum. Sperm motility was significantly inhibited by relatively low ion concentrations (150, 150 and 8 mM for NaCl, KCl and CaCl2 , respectively). Sperm maintained a high motility rate over a wide pH range (5.5-10.5), which may reflect adaptation to a highly variable environment. The two E. percnurus populations were markedly different in milt volume, sperm concentration, seminal plasma pH, sperm motility and beat cross frequency, which may result from genetic differences and environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G J Dietrich
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The use of genetically isolated populations can empower next-generation association studies. In this review, we discuss the advantages of this approach and review study design and analytical considerations of genetic association studies focusing on isolates. We cite successful examples of using population isolates in association studies and outline potential ways forward.
Collapse
|
13
|
Markus B, Alshafee I, Birk OS. Deciphering the fine-structure of tribal admixture in the Bedouin population using genomic data. Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 112:182-9. [PMID: 24084643 PMCID: PMC3907104 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bedouin Israeli population is highly inbred and structured with a very high prevalence of recessive diseases. Many studies in the past two decades focused on linkage analysis in large, multiple consanguineous pedigrees of this population. The advent of high-throughput technologies motivated researchers to search for rare variants shared between smaller pedigrees, integrating data from clinically similar yet seemingly non-related sporadic cases. However, such analyses are challenging because, without pedigree data, there is no prior knowledge regarding possible relatedness between the sporadic cases. Here, we describe models and techniques for the study of relationships between pedigrees and use them for the inference of tribal co-ancestry, delineating the complex social interactions between different tribes in the Negev Bedouins of southern Israel. Through our analysis, we differentiate between tribes that share many yet small genomic segments because of co-ancestry versus tribes that share larger segments because of recent admixture. The emergent pattern is well correlated with the prevalence of rare mutations in the different tribes. Tribes that do not intermarry, mostly because of social restrictions, hold private mutations, whereas tribes that do intermarry demonstrate a genetic flow of mutations between them. Thus, social structure within an inbred community can be delineated through genomic data, with implications to genetic counseling and genetic mapping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Markus
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics
at the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN) and Faculty of Health
Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - I Alshafee
- Soroka Medical Center, The Genetics
Institute, Beer-sheva, Israel
| | - O S Birk
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics
at the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN) and Faculty of Health
Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Soroka Medical Center, The Genetics
Institute, Beer-sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|