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So PP, Healey J, Chauhan V, Birnie D, Champagne J, Sanatani S, Ahmad K, Ballantyne E, Gerull B, Yee R, Skanes A, Gula L, Leong-Sit P, Klein G, Gollob M, Simpson C, Talajic M, Gardner M, Krahn AD. Systematic Assessment of Patients With Unexplained Syncope and Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in the Cardiac Arrest Survivors With Preserved Ejection Fraction Registry (CASPER). Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Chauhan V, Sharma R, Sharma KN, Thakur S, Raghuvanshi A. Beck's syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2013; 61:738-739. [PMID: 24772731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Roshan J, Das M, Khan F, Crean A, Harris L, Downar E, Spears D, Wanounou L, Chauhan V, Nair K, Ha A, Waxman M, Cameron D, Nanthakumar K. Pericardial Adhesions During Epicardial Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia: Need for Imaging Techniques. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Shurrab M, Fishman E, Kaoutskaia A, Birnie D, Ayala-Paredes F, Sultan O, Chauhan V, Skanes A, Parkash R, Morillo C, Janmohamed A, Toal S, Essebag V, Sterns L, Veenhuyzen G, Mangat I, Redfearn D, Verma A, Crystal E. Snapshot of Invasive Electrophysiology in Canada in 2012: Results From the National Survey. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Dickason M, Dalawari P, Chauhan V, Ibler E, Kuehnle S, Mahoney D, Mor A, Armbrecht E. Association Between Race and the Administration of Analgesia in an Academic Tertiary Care Center Emergency Department, 2007-2011. Ann Emerg Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gu F, Chauhan V, Kaur K, Brown WT, LaFauci G, Wegiel J, Chauhan A. Alterations in mitochondrial DNA copy number and the activities of electron transport chain complexes and pyruvate dehydrogenase in the frontal cortex from subjects with autism. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e299. [PMID: 24002085 PMCID: PMC3784762 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with social deficits and behavioral abnormalities. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress may contribute to the etiology of autism. This is the first study to compare the activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes (I-V) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), as well as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in the frontal cortex tissues from autistic and age-matched control subjects. The activities of complexes I, V and PDH were most affected in autism (n=14) being significantly reduced by 31%, 36% and 35%, respectively. When 99% confidence interval (CI) of control group was taken as a reference range, impaired activities of complexes I, III and V were observed in 43%, 29% and 43% of autistic subjects, respectively. Reduced activities of all five ETC complexes were observed in 14% of autistic cases, and the activities of multiple complexes were decreased in 29% of autistic subjects. These results suggest that defects in complexes I and III (sites of mitochondrial free radical generation) and complex V (adenosine triphosphate synthase) are more prevalent in autism. PDH activity was also reduced in 57% of autistic subjects. The ratios of mtDNA of three mitochondrial genes ND1, ND4 and Cyt B (that encode for subunits of complexes I and III) to nuclear DNA were significantly increased in autism, suggesting a higher mtDNA copy number in autism. Compared with the 95% CI of the control group, 44% of autistic children showed higher copy numbers of all three mitochondrial genes examined. Furthermore, ND4 and Cyt B deletions were observed in 44% and 33% of autistic children, respectively. This study indicates that autism is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain.
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Sharma R, Chauhan V, Sharma KN, Sharma GD. Cannon ball lesions on chest x-ray: a rare presentation of pulmonary hypertension. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2013; 111:625. [PMID: 24968532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Abdullah A, Omar AN, Mulcahy R, Clapp A, Tullo E, Carrick-Sen D, Newton J, Hirst B, Krishnaswami V, Foster A, Vahidassr D, Chavan T, Matthew A, Trolan CP, Steel C, Ellis G, Ahearn DJ, Lotha K, Shukla P, Bourne DR, Mathur A, Musarrat K, Patel A, Nicholson G, Nelson E, McNicholl S, McKee H, Cuthbertson J, Nelson E, Nicholson G, McNicholl S, McKee H, Cuthbertson J, Lunt E, Lee S, Okeke J, Daniel J, Naseem A, Ramakrishna S, Singh I, Barker JR, Weatherburn AJ, Thornton L, Daniel J, Okeke J, Holly C, Jones J, Varanasi A, Verma A, Singh I, Foster JAH, Carmichael C, Cawston C, Homewood S, Leitch M, Martin J, McDicken J, Lonnen J, Bishop-Miller J, Beishon LC, Harrison JK, Conroy SP, Gladman JRF, Sim J, Byrne F, Currie J, Ollman S, Brown S, Wilkinson M, Manoj A, Hussain F, Druhan A, Thompson M, Tsang J, Soh J, Offiah C, Coughlan T, O'Brien P, McCabe DJH, Murphy S, McManus J, O'Neill D, Collins DR, Warburton K, Maini N, Cunnington AL, Mathew P, Hoyles K, Lythgoe M, Brewer H, Western-Price J, Colquhoun K, Ramdoo K, Bowen J, Dale OT, Corbridge R, Chatterjee A, Gosney MA, Richardson L, Daunt L, Ali A, Harwood R, Beveridge LA, Harper J, Williamson LD, Bowen JST, Gosney MA, Wentworth L, Wardle K, Ruddlesdin J, Baht S, Roberts N, Corrado O, Morell J, Baker P, Whiller N, Wilkinson I, Barber M, Maclean A, Frieslick J, Reoch A, Thompson M, Tsang J, McSorley A, Crawford A, Sarup S, Niruban A, Edwards JD, Bailey SJ, May HM, Mathieson P, Jones H, Ray R, Prettyman R, Gibson R, Heaney A, Hull K, Manku B, Bellary S, Ninan S, Chhokar G, Sweeney D, Nivatongs W, Wong SY, Aung T, Kalsi T, Babic-Illman G, Harari D, Aljaizani M, Pattison AT, Pattison AT, Aljaizani M, Fox J, Reilly S, Chauhan V, Azad M, Youde J, Lagan J, Cooper H, Komrower D, Price V, von Stempel CB, Gilbert B, Bouwmeester N, Jones HW, Win T, Weekes C, Hodgkinson R, Walker S, Le Ball K, Muir ZN. Clinical effectiveness. Age Ageing 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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59
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Chauhan V, Kumar RV, Mahesh DM, Kashyap R, Thakur S. Adult type 3 Gaucher disease as manifestation of R463C/Rec Nci I mutation: first reported case in the world literature. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2013; 61:346-348. [PMID: 24482953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is the most common lysosomal storage disorder. It is autosomal recessive in nature and results from mutations in the GBA gene coding for acid beta glucosidase. It is classified into three types based on CNS involvement and its severity. Type 3, or chronic neuronopathic Gaucher disease, generally has an onset in childhood and by definition, includes all patients with any form of neurologic involvement who have survived the first few years of life. Here we present a 36 year old male patient presenting with hip pain showing bilateral avascular necrosis of femoral head with massive splenomegaly and on evaluation, showed mental retardation, seizures, bilateral vertical and horizontal gaze palsies and eventually turned out to be type 3b Gaucher disease. This is the first case of Type 3 Gaucher disease being reported from India with mutation analysis and only case of Type 3 Gaucher disease in world literature showing R463C/Rec Nci I mutation.
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Chauhan V, Chauhan N, Chauhan CGS, Vaid M. A young healthy male with syncope and complete heart block. Scott Med J 2013; 58:e13-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0036933013482661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction It is rare to see heart block as the first-and-only presentation of Lyme disease, the reported incidence being just 1% in untreated patients. Case presentation We report a patient who presented with syncope secondary to a fluctuating heart block. He had no previous manifestations of Lyme disease. Lyme carditis was suspected after the other usual etiologies of heart block were ruled out. Later, serologies came positive and patient’s heart block resolved on ceftriaxone therapy. Conclusion In at-risk individuals, clinicians should rule out this readily-treatable cause of heart block before proceeding with permanent pacemaker implantation due to enormous clinical and cost implications involved. Missing the diagnosis also exposes the patient to the risk of developing the late complications of Lyme disease. Diagnosis of isolated Lyme carditis is a challenge because the clinician does not have the diagnostic-clues that can usually be gleaned from the more common stigmata of Lyme disease.
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Chauhan V, Saroha G, Thakur S, Sharma R. Profile of 'Paederus dermatitis outbreak' in boys hostel of a rural medical college in the north India. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2013; 61:288-289. [PMID: 24482975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Khan F, Roshan J, Das M, Harris L, Wanounou L, Spears D, Chauhan V, Ing D, Cameron D, Waxman M, Ha A, Nair K, Downar E, Nanthakumar K. 735 Early Success of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation in Patients With Structural Heart Disease: A Single Centre Experience. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Das M, Khan F, Roshan J, Wanounou L, Chemello D, Harris L, Spears D, Cameron D, Nair K, Ha A, Chauhan V, Downar E, Nanthakumar K. 733 The Safety and Efficacy of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation in Octogenarians. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Masse S, Downar E, Sevaptsidis E, Asta J, Harris L, Cameron D, Nair K, Chauhan V, Spears D, Ha A, Nanthakumar K. 734 Exit Site of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia: Lessons From Simultaneous Multi-Electrode Mapping Era Applied to Sequential Mapping Era. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Sarrazin J, Nair G, Nanthakumar K, Leong-Sit P, Sapp J, Kuriachan V, Singh S, Nery P, Gula L, Downar E, Chauhan V, Skanes A, Nault I. 732 Safety and Efficacy of Epicardial Access for Catheter Ablation: A Canadian Multicenter Experience. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Spears D, Sivagangabalan G, Barry A, Farid T, Sevaptsidis E, Masse S, Kusha M, Ha A, Nair K, Downar E, Chauhan V, Harris L, Khan F, Das M, Roshan J, Scott L, Nanthakumar K. 736 Bipolar Catheter Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia in Humans: Ex-Vivo Development and In-Vivo Experience. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Fatemi SH, Aldinger KA, Ashwood P, Bauman ML, Blaha CD, Blatt GJ, Chauhan A, Chauhan V, Dager SR, Dickson PE, Estes AM, Goldowitz D, Heck DH, Kemper TL, King BH, Martin LA, Millen KJ, Mittleman G, Mosconi MW, Persico AM, Sweeney JA, Webb SJ, Welsh JP. Consensus paper: pathological role of the cerebellum in autism. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 11:777-807. [PMID: 22370873 PMCID: PMC3677555 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-012-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been significant advancement in various aspects of scientific knowledge concerning the role of cerebellum in the etiopathogenesis of autism. In the current consensus paper, we will observe the diversity of opinions regarding the involvement of this important site in the pathology of autism. Recent emergent findings in literature related to cerebellar involvement in autism are discussed, including: cerebellar pathology, cerebellar imaging and symptom expression in autism, cerebellar genetics, cerebellar immune function, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, GABAergic and glutamatergic systems, cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and oxytocin-related changes in autism, motor control and cognitive deficits, cerebellar coordination of movements and cognition, gene-environment interactions, therapeutics in autism, and relevant animal models of autism. Points of consensus include presence of abnormal cerebellar anatomy, abnormal neurotransmitter systems, oxidative stress, cerebellar motor and cognitive deficits, and neuroinflammation in subjects with autism. Undefined areas or areas requiring further investigation include lack of treatment options for core symptoms of autism, vermal hypoplasia, and other vermal abnormalities as a consistent feature of autism, mechanisms underlying cerebellar contributions to cognition, and unknown mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation.
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Ji L, Chauhan A, Chauhan V. Reduced activity of protein kinase C in the frontal cortex of subjects with regressive autism: relationship with developmental abnormalities. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:1075-84. [PMID: 22949890 PMCID: PMC3432855 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown etiology. In some cases, typically developing children regress into clinical symptoms of autism, a condition known as regressive autism. Protein kinases are essential for G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction, and are involved in neuronal functions, gene expression, memory, and cell differentiation. Recently, we reported decreased activity of protein kinase A (PKA) in the frontal cortex of subjects with regressive autism. In the present study, we analyzed the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) in the cerebellum and different regions of cerebral cortex from subjects with regressive autism, autistic subjects without clinical history of regression, and age-matched control subjects. In the frontal cortex of subjects with regressive autism, PKC activity was significantly decreased by 57.1% as compared to age-matched control subjects (p = 0.0085), and by 65.8% as compared to non-regressed autistic subjects (p = 0.0048). PKC activity was unaffected in the temporal, parietal and occipital cortices, and in the cerebellum in both autism groups, i.e., regressive and non-regressed autism as compared to control subjects. These results suggest brain region-specific alteration of PKC activity in the frontal cortex of subjects with regressive autism. Further studies showed a negative correlation between PKC activity and restrictive, repetitive and stereotyped pattern of behavior (r= -0.084, p = 0.0363) in autistic individuals, suggesting involvement of PKC in behavioral abnormalities in autism. These findings suggest that regression in autism may be attributed, in part, to alterations in G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction involving PKA and PKC in the frontal cortex.
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Chauhan V. Menopausal Syndrome: Homoeopathic Approach. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN HOMOEOPATHY 2012. [DOI: 10.53945/2320-7094.1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Wegiel J, Schanen NC, Cook EH, Sigman M, Brown WT, Kuchna I, Nowicki K, Wegiel J, Imaki H, Ma SY, Marchi E, Wierzba-Bobrowicz T, Chauhan A, Chauhan V, Cohen IL, London E, Flory M, Lach B, Wisniewski T. Differences between the pattern of developmental abnormalities in autism associated with duplications 15q11.2-q13 and idiopathic autism. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012; 71:382-97. [PMID: 22487857 PMCID: PMC3612833 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e318251f537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to identify differences in patterns of developmental abnormalities between the brains of individuals with autism of unknown etiology and those of individuals with duplications of chromosome 15q11.2-q13 (dup[15]) and autism and to identify alterations that may contribute to seizures and sudden death in the latter. Brains of 9 subjects with dup(15), 10 with idiopathic autism, and 7 controls were examined. In the dup(15) cohort, 7 subjects (78%) had autism, 7 (78%) had seizures, and 6 (67%) had experienced sudden unexplained death. Subjects with dup(15) autism were microcephalic, with mean brain weights 300 g less (1,177 g) than those of subjects with idiopathic autism (1,477 g; p<0.001). Heterotopias in the alveus, CA4, and dentate gyrus and dysplasia in the dentate gyrus were detected in 89% of dup(15) autism cases but in only 10% of idiopathic autism cases (p < 0.001). By contrast, cerebral cortex dysplasia was detected in 50% of subjects with idiopathic autism and in no dup(15) autism cases (p<0.04). The different spectrum and higher prevalence of developmental neuropathologic findings in the dup(15) cohort than in cases with idiopathic autism may contribute to the high risk of early onset of seizures and sudden death.
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Chauhan V, Mahesh DM, Panda P, Mahajan S, Thakur S. Tuberculosis cutis orificialis (TBCO): a rare manifestation of tuberculosis. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2012; 60:126-127. [PMID: 22715564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis of the oral cavity is a very rare disease and accounts for less than one percent of all cases of tuberculosis. Primary lesions are extremely rare. Presentation is as a single ulcer, may be painful, however multiple painless ulcers have been described. Tongue is the most common oral site involved. The palate, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, gingiva, and lips are other possible sites. We hereby report a case of TBCO, a very rare manifestation of tuberculosis.
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Birnie D, Healey J, Gardner M, Chauhan V, Champage J, Sanatani S, Ahmed K, Yee R, Skanes A, Gula L, Leong-Sit P, Klein G, Gollob M, Simpson C, Krahn A. 443 Role of electro-anatomical mapping of the right ventricle in evaluation of patients with unexplained cardiac arrest and familial sudden death. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Gardner M, Healey J, Simpson C, Chauhan V, Birnie D, Champagne J, Sanatani S, Chakrabarti S, Gula L, Ahmad K, Gollob M, Krahn A. 445 Discovering heart disease in first degree relatives of sudden death victims: A preliminary report from the casper registry. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Krahn A, Healey J, Chauhan V, Birnie D, Champagne J, Gardner M, Sanatani S, Ahmed K, Yee R, Skanes A, Gula L, Leong-Sit P, Klein G, Gollob M, Simpson C. 447 Role of adrenaline infusion in evaluation of patients with unexplained cardiac arrest and familial sudden death. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ji L, Chauhan V, Flory MJ, Chauhan A. Brain region-specific decrease in the activity and expression of protein kinase A in the frontal cortex of regressive autism. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23751. [PMID: 21909354 PMCID: PMC3166116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impaired language, communication, and social skills. In regressive autism, affected children first show signs of normal social and language development but eventually lose these skills and develop autistic behavior. Protein kinases are essential in G-protein-coupled, receptor-mediated signal transduction and are involved in neuronal functions, gene expression, memory, and cell differentiation. We studied the activity and expression of protein kinase A (PKA), a cyclic AMP–dependent protein kinase, in postmortem brain tissue samples from the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices, and the cerebellum of individuals with regressive autism; autistic subjects without a clinical history of regression; and age-matched developmentally normal control subjects. The activity of PKA and the expression of PKA (C-α), a catalytic subunit of PKA, were significantly decreased in the frontal cortex of individuals with regressive autism compared to control subjects and individuals with non-regressive autism. Such changes were not observed in the cerebellum, or the cortices from the temporal, parietal, and occipital regions of the brain in subjects with regressive autism. In addition, there was no significant difference in PKA activity or expression of PKA (C-α) between non-regressive autism and control groups. These results suggest that regression in autism may be associated, in part, with decreased PKA-mediated phosphorylation of proteins and abnormalities in cellular signaling.
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