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Abstract
The process of cutting is analysed in fracture mechanics terms with a view to quantifying the various parameters involved. The model used is that of orthogonal cutting with a wedge removing a layer of material or chip. The behaviour of the chip is governed by its thickness and for large radii of curvature the chip is elastic and smooth cutting occurs. For smaller thicknesses, there is a transition, first to plastic bending and then to plastic shear for small thicknesses and smooth chips are formed. The governing parameters are tool geometry, which is principally the wedge angle, and the material properties of elastic modulus, yield stress and fracture toughness. Friction can also be important. It is demonstrated that the cutting process may be quantified via these parameters, which could be useful in the study of cutting in biology.
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Skamniotis CG, Patel Y, Charalambides MN, Elliott M. Fracture investigation in starch-based foods. Interface Focus 2016; 6:20160005. [PMID: 27274805 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2016.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of oral processing and specifically cutting of the food piece during mastication can lead towards optimization of products for humans or animals. Food materials are complex biocomposites with a highly nonlinear constitutive response. Their fracture properties have not been largely investigated, while the need for models capable of predicting food breakdown increases. In this study, the blade cutting and the essential work of fracture (EWF) methodologies assessed the fracture behaviour of starch-based pet food. Tensile tests revealed rate-dependent stiffness and stress softening effects, attributed to viscoplasticity and micro-cracking, respectively. Cutting data were collected for 5, 10 and 30 mm s(-1) sample feed rates, whereas the EWF tests were conducted at 1.7, 3.3 and 8.3 mm s(-1) crosshead speeds corresponding to average crack speeds of 4, 7 and 15 mm s(-1), respectively. A reasonable agreement was achieved between cutting and EWF, reporting 1.26, 1.78, 1.76 kJ m(-2) and 1.52, 1.37, 1.45 kJ m(-2) values, respectively, for the corresponding crack speeds. These toughness data were used in a novel numerical model simulating the 'first' bite mastication process. A viscoplastic material model is adopted for the food piece, combined with a damage law that enabled predicting fracture patterns in the product.
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Park SL, Carmella SG, Chen M, Patel Y, Stram DO, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Hecht SS. Mercapturic Acids Derived from the Toxicants Acrolein and Crotonaldehyde in the Urine of Cigarette Smokers from Five Ethnic Groups with Differing Risks for Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124841. [PMID: 26053186 PMCID: PMC4460074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Multiethnic Cohort epidemiology study has clearly demonstrated that, compared to Whites and for the same number of cigarettes smoked, African Americans and Native Hawaiians have a higher risk for lung cancer whereas Latinos and Japanese Americans have a lower risk. Acrolein and crotonaldehyde are two important constituents of cigarette smoke which have well documented toxic effects and could play a role in lung cancer etiology. Their urinary metabolites 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3-HPMA) and 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid (HMPMA), respectively, are validated biomarkers of acrolein and crotonaldehyde exposure. We quantified levels of 3-HPMA and HMPMA in the urine of more than 2200 smokers from these five ethnic groups, and also carried out a genome wide association study using blood samples from these subjects. After adjusting for age, sex, creatinine, and total nicotine equivalents, geometric mean levels of 3-HPMA and HMPMA were significantly different in the five groups (P < 0.0001). Native Hawaiians had the highest and Latinos the lowest geometric mean levels of both 3-HPMA and HMPMA. Levels of 3-HPMA and HMPMA were 3787 and 2759 pmol/ml urine, respectively, in Native Hawaiians and 1720 and 2210 pmol/ml urine in Latinos. These results suggest that acrolein and crotonaldehyde may be involved in lung cancer etiology, and that their divergent levels may partially explain the differing risks of Native Hawaiian and Latino smokers. No strong signals were associated with 3-HPMA in the genome wide association study, suggesting that formation of the glutathione conjugate of acrolein is mainly non-enzymatic, while the top significant association with HMPMA was located on chromosome 12 near the TBX3 gene, but its relationship to HMPMA excretion is not clear.
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Phoenix T, Patmore D, Boop S, Jacus M, Patel Y, Goumnerova L, Perreault S, Wadhwa E, Cho YJ, Stewart C, Gilbertson R. MB-19 * MEDULLOBLASTOMA SUBTYPES SPECIFY INTER-TUMORAL VASCULAR BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER HETEROGENEITY. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov061.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have been the cornerstone in systolic heart failure (HF) regimens over the past 25 years. Their ability to block the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and their vasodilatory properties has repeatedly been shown to lower morbidity and mortality in patients with HF having reduced ejection fractions. In August 2014, the New England Journal of Medicine published a large trial studying a novel LCZ696 (angiotensin–neprilysin inhibition) agent against enalapril, an ACEI. In the phase III trial, LCZ696 demonstrated superiority to enalapril in composite death from cardiovascular causes and hospitalization for HF. The trial was stopped early due to overwhelming benefit of the study agent. This article provides an extensive review of the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties, clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of LCZ696.
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Depta JP, Patel JS, Novak E, Gage BF, Masrani SK, Raymer D, Facey G, Patel Y, Zajarias A, Lasala JM, Amin AP, Kurz HI, Singh J, Bach RG. Risk model for estimating the 1-year risk of deferred lesion intervention following deferred revascularization after fractional flow reserve assessment. Eur Heart J 2014; 36:509-15. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Murphy SE, Park SSL, Thompson EF, Wilkens LR, Patel Y, Stram DO, Le Marchand L. Nicotine N-glucuronidation relative to N-oxidation and C-oxidation and UGT2B10 genotype in five ethnic/racial groups. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2526-33. [PMID: 25233931 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine metabolism influences smoking behavior and differences in metabolism probably contribute to ethnic variability in lung cancer risk. We report here on the proportion of nicotine metabolism by cytochrome P450 2A6-catalyzed C-oxidation, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 2B10 (UGT2B10)-catalyzed N-glucuronidation and flavin monooxygenase 3-catalyzed N-oxidation in five ethnic/racial groups and the role of UGT2B10 genotype on the metabolic patterns observed. Nicotine and its metabolites were quantified in urine from African American (AA, n = 364), Native Hawaiian (NH, n = 311), White (n = 437), Latino (LA, n = 453) and Japanese American (JA, n = 674) smokers. Total nicotine equivalents, the sum of nicotine and six metabolites, and nicotine metabolism phenotypes were calculated. The relationship of UGT2B10 genotype to nicotine metabolic pathways was determined for each group; geometric means were computed and adjusted for age, sex, creatinine, and body mass index. Nicotine metabolism patterns were unique across the groups, C-oxidation was lowest in JA and NH (P < 0.0001), and N-glucuronidation lowest in AA (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in C-oxidation among Whites and AA and LA. Nicotine and cotinine glucuronide ratios were 2- and 3-fold lower in AA compared with Whites. Two UGT variants, a missense mutation (Asp67Tyr, rs61750900) and a splice variant (rs116294140) accounted for 33% of the variation in glucuronidation. In AA, the splice variant accounted for the majority of the reduced nicotine glucuronidation. UGT2B10 variant allele carriers had increased levels of C-oxidation (P = 0.0099). Our data indicate that the relative importance of nicotine metabolic pathways varies by ethnicity, and all pathways should be considered when characterizing the role of nicotine metabolism on smoking behavior and cancer risk.
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Harrison D, Patel Y, Tear A, Jones L, Dunnett S, Brooks S. C03 Longitudinal Analysis Of The Behavioural Phenotype In The Zq175 (c57bl/6j) Huntington's Disease Mouse Line. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hoffman LM, Donson AM, Nakachi I, Griesinger AM, Birks DK, Amani V, Hemenway MS, Liu AK, Wang M, Hankinson TC, Handler MH, Foreman NK, Zakrzewska M, Zakrzewski K, Fendler W, Stefanczyk L, Liberski PP, Massimino M, Gandola L, Ferroli P, Valentini L, Biassoni V, Garre ML, Sardi I, Genitori L, Giussani C, Massimi L, Bertin D, Mussano A, Viscardi E, Modena P, Mastronuzzi A, Barra S, Scarzello G, Cinalli G, Peretta P, Giangaspero F, Massimino M, Boschetti L, Biassoni V, Garre ML, Schiavello E, Sardi I, Genitori L, Bertin D, Modena P, Calareso G, Barra S, Scarzello G, Cinalli G, Peretta P, Mastronuzzi A, Giussani C, Giangaspero F, Antonelli M, Pecori E, Gandola L, Massimino M, Biassoni V, Di Meco F, Garre ML, Schiavello E, Sardi I, Genitori L, Bertin D, Viscardi E, Modena P, Barra S, Scarzello G, Cinalli G, Peretta P, Migliorati R, Taborelli A, Giangaspero F, Antonelli M, Pecori E, Gandola L, Witt H, Sill M, Wani K, Mack SC, Capper D, Pajtler K, Lambert S, Tzaridis T, Milde T, Northcott PA, Kulozik AE, Witt O, Collins VP, Ellison DW, Taylor MD, Kool M, Jones DTW, Korshunov A, Ken A, Pfister SM, Makino K, Nakamura H, Kuroda JI, Kuratsu JI, Toledano H, Margolin Y, Ohali A, Michowiz S, Witt H, Johann P, Tzaridis T, Tabori U, Walker E, Hawkins C, Taylor M, Yaniv I, Avigad S, Hoffman L, Plimpton SR, Foreman NK, Stence NV, Hankinson TC, Handler MH, Hemenway MS, Vibhakar R, Liu AK, Lourdusamy A, Rahman R, Ward J, Rogers H, Grundy R, Punchihewa C, Lee R, Lin T, Orisme W, Dalton J, Aronica E, Smith A, Gajjar A, Onar A, Pounds S, Tatevossian R, Merchant T, Ellison D, Parker M, Mohankumar K, Punchihewa C, Weinlich R, Dalton J, Tatevossian R, Phoenix T, Thiruvenkatam R, White E, Gupta K, Gajjar A, Merchant T, Boop F, Smith A, Ding L, Mardis E, Wilson R, Downing J, Ellison D, Gilbertson R, Ward J, Lourdusamy A, Speed D, Gould T, Grundy R, Rahman R, Mack SC, Witt H, Pfister SM, Korshunov A, Taylor MD, Consortium TIE, Hoffman LM, Griesinger A, Donson A, Birks D, Amani V, Foreman NK, Ohe N, Yano H, Nakayama N, Iwama T, Wright K, Hassall T, Bowers DC, Crawford J, Bendel A, Fisher PG, Merchant T, Ellison D, Klimo P, Boop F, Armstrong G, Qaddoumi I, Robinson G, Wetmore C, Broniscer A, Gajjar A, Rogers H, Chapman R, Mayne C, Duane H, Kilday JP, Coyle B, Grundy R, Graul-Conroy A, Hartsell W, Bragg T, Goldman S, Rebsamen S, Puccetti D, Salamat S, Patel NJ, Gomi A, Oguma H, Hayase T, Kawahara Y, Yagi M, Morimoto A, Wilbur C, Dunham C, Hawkins C, Tabori U, Mabbott D, Carret AS, Lafay-Cousin L, McNeely PD, Eisenstat D, Wilson B, Johnston D, Hukin J, Mynarek M, Kortmann RD, Kaatsch P, Pietsch T, Timmermann B, Fleischhack G, Benesch M, Friedrich C, von Bueren AO, Gerber NU, Muller K, Tippelt S, Warmuth-Metz M, Rutkowski S, von Hoff K, Murugesan MK, White E, Poppleton H, Thiruvenkatam R, Gupta K, Currle S, Kranenburg T, Eden C, Wright K, Ellison D, Gilbertson R, Boulos N, Dapper J, Patel Y, Wright K, Mohankumar K, Freeman B, Gajjar A, Shelat A, Stewart C, Guy R, Gilbertson R, Adamski J, Taylor M, Tabori U, Huang A, Bartels U, Ramaswamy V, Krishnatry R, Laperriere N, Hawkins C, Bouffet E, Araki A, Chocholous M, Gojo J, Dorfer C, Czech T, Dieckmann K, Slavc I, Haberler C, Pietsch T, Mynarek M, Doerner E, Muehlen AZ, Warmuth-Metz M, Kortmann R, von Buehren A, Friedrich C, von Hoff K, Rutkowski S, von Hoff K, Kortmann RD, Gerber NU, Mynarek M, Muller K, Friedrich C, von Bueren AO, Benesch M, Warmuth-Metz M, Ottensmeier H, Resch A, Kwiecien R, Faldum A, Kuehl J, Pietsch T, Rutkowski S, Sabnis D, Storer L, Simmonds L, Blackburn S, Lowe J, Grundy R, Kerr I, Coyle B, Pietsch T, Wohlers I, Goschzik T, Dreschmann V, Denkhaus D, Doerner E, Rahmann S, Klein-Hitpass L, Iglesias MJL, Riet FG, Dhermain FD, Canale S, Dufour C, Rose CS, Puget S, Grill J, Bolle S, Parkes J, Davidson A, Figaji A, Pillay K, Kilborn T, Padayachy L, Hendricks M, Van Eyssen A, Piccinin E, Lorenzetto E, Brenca M, Massimino M, Modena P, Taylor M, Ramaswamy V, Bouffet E, Aldape K, Cho YJ, Weiss W, Phillips J, Jabado N, Mora J, Fan X, Jung S, Lee JY, Zitterbart K, French P, Kros JM, Hauser P, Faria C, Korshunov A, Pfister S, Mack SC. EPENDYMOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:i17-i25. [PMCID: PMC4046284 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
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Peterson LA, Urban AM, Vu CC, Cummings ME, Brown LC, Warmka JK, Li L, Wattenberg EV, Patel Y, Stram DO, Pegg AE. Role of aldehydes in the toxic and mutagenic effects of nitrosamines. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1464-73. [PMID: 24066836 DOI: 10.1021/tx400196j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α-Hydroxynitrosamine metabolites of nitrosamines decompose to a reactive diazohydroxide and an aldehyde. To test the hypothesis that the aldehydes contribute to the harmful effects of nitrosamines, the toxic and mutagenic activities of three model methylating agents were compared in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing or not expressing human O⁶-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). N-Nitrosomethylurethane (NMUr), acetoxymethylmethylnitrosamine (AMMN), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-4-acetoxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK-4-OAc) are all activated by ester hydrolysis to methanediazohydroxide. NMUr does not form an aldehyde, whereas AMMN generates formaldehyde, and NNK-4-OAc produces 4-oxo-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (OPB). Since these compounds were likely to alkylate DNA to different extents, the toxic and mutagenic activities of these compounds were normalized to the levels of the most cytotoxic and mutagenic DNA adduct, O⁶-mG, to assess if the aldehydes contributed to the toxicological properties of these methylating agents. Levels of 7-mG indicated that the differences in cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of these compounds resulted from differences in their ability to methylate DNA. When normalized against the levels of O⁶-mG, there was no difference between these three compounds in cells that lacked AGT. However, AMMN and NNK-4-OAc were more toxic than NMUr in cells expressing AGT when normalized against O⁶-mG levels. In addition, AMMN was more mutagenic than NNK-4-OAc and MNUr in these cells. These findings demonstrate that the aldehyde decomposition products of nitrosamines can contribute to the cytotoxic and/or mutagenic activity of methylating nitrosamines.
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Semenova O, Thompson H, Kallankara S, Olabambo O, Patel Y, Baguley E. THU0149 Treat to target early rheumatoid arthritis clinic: High rates of remission and low disease activity on treatment with conventional disease modifying drugs:. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Nallasivan M, Manchegowda K, Ogunbambi O, Middleton E, Patel Y, Baguley E, Abuzakouk M, Kallankara S. AB0465 Early remission induction and outcome in primary medium and small vessel vasculitis - retrospective review of ten years cohort in east yorkshire. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Semenova O, Thompson H, Kallankara S, Ogunbambi O, Patel Y, Baguley E. AB0356 Treat to target in early rheumatoid arthritis clinic (eac): remission rates on combination of leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Haiman CA, Han Y, Feng Y, Xia L, Hsu C, Sheng X, Pooler LC, Patel Y, Kolonel LN, Carter E, Park K, Le Marchand L, Van Den Berg D, Henderson BE, Stram DO. Genome-wide testing of putative functional exonic variants in relationship with breast and prostate cancer risk in a multiethnic population. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003419. [PMID: 23555315 PMCID: PMC3610631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare variation in protein coding sequence is poorly captured by GWAS arrays and has been hypothesized to contribute to disease heritability. Using the Illumina HumanExome SNP array, we successfully genotyped 191,032 common and rare non-synonymous, splice site, or nonsense variants in a multiethnic sample of 2,984 breast cancer cases, 4,376 prostate cancer cases, and 7,545 controls. In breast cancer, the strongest associations included either SNPs in or gene burden scores for genes LDLRAD1, SLC19A1, FGFBP3, CASP5, MMAB, SLC16A6, and INS-IGF2. In prostate cancer, one of the most associated SNPs was in the gene GPRC6A (rs2274911, Pro91Ser, OR = 0.88, P = 1.3 × 10(-5)) near to a known risk locus for prostate cancer; other suggestive associations were noted in genes such as F13A1, ANXA4, MANSC1, and GP6. For both breast and prostate cancer, several of the most significant associations involving SNPs or gene burden scores (sum of minor alleles) were noted in genes previously reported to be associated with a cancer-related phenotype. However, only one of the associations (rs145889899 in LDLRAD1, p = 2.5 × 10(-7) only seen in African Americans) for overall breast or prostate cancer risk was statistically significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. In addition to breast and prostate cancer, other cancer-related traits were examined (body mass index, PSA level, and alcohol drinking) with a number of known and potentially novel associations described. In general, these findings do not support there being many protein coding variants of moderate to high risk for breast and prostate cancer with odds ratios over a range that is probably required for protein coding variation to play a truly outstanding role in risk heritability. Very large sample sizes will be required to better define the role of rare and less penetrant coding variation in prostate and breast cancer disease genetics.
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Liu Q, Dalman M, Chen Y, Akhter M, Brahmandam S, Patel Y, Lowe J, Thakkar M, Gregory AV, Phelps D, Riley C, Londraville RL. Knockdown of leptin A expression dramatically alters zebrafish development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 178:562-72. [PMID: 22841760 PMCID: PMC3428433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Using morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (MO) technology, we blocked leptin A or leptin receptor expression in embryonic zebrafish, and analyzed consequences of leptin A knock-down on fish development. Embryos injected with leptin A or leptin receptor MOs (leptin A or leptin receptor morphants) had smaller bodies and eyes, undeveloped inner ear, enlarged pericardial cavity, curved body and/or tail and larger yolk compared to control embryos of the same stages. The defects persisted in 6-9 days old larvae. We found that blocking leptin A function had little effect on the development of early brain (1 day old), but differentiation of both the morphant dorsal brain and retinal cells was severely disrupted in older (2 days old) embryos. Despite the enlarged pericardial cavity, differentiation of cardiac cells appeared to be similar to control embryos. Formation of the morphants' inner ear is also severely disrupted, which corroborates existing reports of leptin receptor expression in inner ear of both zebrafish and mammals. Co-injection of leptin A MO and recombinant leptin results in partial rescue of the wild-type phenotype. Our results suggest that leptin A plays distinct roles in zebrafish development.
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Patel Y, Rumore MM. Hydroxyprogesterone caproate injection (makena) one year later: to compound or not to compound that is the question. P & T : A PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL FOR FORMULARY MANAGEMENT 2012; 37:405-411. [PMID: 22876106 PMCID: PMC3411212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Preterm births have increased by 27% over the last decade in the U.S. The main ingredient in Makena, 17P, is less expensive at compounding pharmacies, but this method is not FDA-approved. The authors discuss the quality, safety, and use of Makena and compounded 17P; the potential for liability; cost considerations; and recommended restrictions for the product's use.
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Heathfield S, Parker B, Zeef L, Bruce I, Alexander Y, Collins F, Stone M, Wang E, Williams AS, Wright HL, Thomas HB, Moots RJ, Edwards SW, Bullock C, Chapman V, Walsh DA, Mobasheri A, Kendall D, Kelly S, Bayley R, Buckley CD, Young SP, Rump-Goodrich L, Middleton J, Chen L, Fisher R, Kollnberger S, Shastri N, Kessler BM, Bowness P, Nazeer Moideen A, Evans L, Osgood L, Williams AS, Jones SA, Nowell MA, Mahadik Y, Young S, Morgan M, Gordon C, Harper L, Giles JL, Paul Morgan B, Harris CL, Rysnik OJ, McHugh K, Kollnberger S, Payeli S, Marroquin O, Shaw J, Renner C, Bowness P, Nayar S, Cloake T, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Buckley C, Barone F, Barone F, Nayar S, Cloake T, Lane P, Coles M, Buckley C, Williams EL, Edwards CJ, Cooper C, Oreffo RO, Dunn S, Crawford A, Wilkinson M, Le Maitre C, Bunning R, Daniels J, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Le Maitre CL, Kollnberger S, Shaw J, Ridley A, Wong-Baeza I, McHugh K, Keidel S, Chan A, Bowness P, Gullick NJ, Abozaid HS, Jayaraj DM, Evans HG, Scott DL, Choy EH, Taams LS, Hickling M, Golor G, Jullion A, Shaw S, Kretsos K, Bari SF, Rhys-Dillon B, Amos N, Siebert S, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Bunning RD, Haddock G, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL, Kate I, Phillips E, Cross A, Chiverton N, Haddock G, Bunning RAD, Le Maitre CL, Ceeraz S, Spencer J, Choy E, Corrigall V, Crilly A, Palmer H, Lockhart J, Plevin R, Ferrell WR, McInnes I, Hutchinson D, Perry L, DiCicco M, Humby F, Kelly S, Hands R, Buckley C, McInnes I, Taylor P, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Mehta P, Mitchell A, Tysoe C, Caswell R, Owens M, Vincent T, Hashmi TM, Price-Forbes A, Sharp CA, Murphy H, Wood EF, Doherty T, Sheldon J, Sofat N, Goff I, Platt PN, Abdulkader R, Clunie G, Ismajli M, Nikiphorou E, Young A, Tugnet N, Dixey J, Banik S, Alcorn D, Hunter J, Win Maw W, Patil P, Hayes F, Main Wong W, Borg FA, Dasgupta B, Malaviya AP, Ostor AJ, Chana JK, Ahmed AA, Edmonds S, Hayes F, Coward L, Borg F, Heaney J, Amft N, Simpson J, Dhillon V, Ayalew Y, Khattak F, Gayed M, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Mc Laughlin M, Baburaj K, Fattah Z, Ng N, Wilson J, Colaco B, Williams MR, Adizie T, Dasgupta B, Casey M, Lip S, Tan S, Anderson D, Robertson C, Devanny I, Field M, Walker D, Robinson S, Ryan S, Hassell A, Bateman J, Allen M, Davies D, Crouch C, Walker-Bone K, Gainsborough N, Gullick NJ, Lutalo PM, Davies UM, Walker-Bone K, Mckew JR, Millar AM, Wright SA, Bell AL, Thapper M, Roussou T, Cumming J, Hull RG, Thapper M, Roussou T, McKeogh J, O'Connor MB, Hassan AI, Bond U, Swan J, Phelan MJ, Coady D, Kumar N, Farrow L, Bukhari M, Oldroyd AG, Greenbank C, McBeth J, Duncan R, Brown D, Horan M, Pendleton N, Littlewood A, Cordingley L, Mulvey M, Curtis EM, Cole ZA, Crozier SR, Georgia N, Robinson SM, Godfrey KM, Sayer AA, Inskip HM, Cooper C, Harvey NC, Davies R, Mercer L, Galloway J, Low A, Watson K, Lunt M, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Chitale S, Estrach C, Moots RJ, Goodson NJ, Rankin E, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Lam TH, Adab P, Ling S, Chitale S, Moots RJ, Estrach C, Goodson NJ, Humphreys J, Ellis C, Bunn D, Verstappen SM, Symmons D, Fluess E, Macfarlane GJ, Bond C, Jones GT, Scott IC, Steer S, Lewis CM, Cope A, Mulvey MR, Macfarlane GJ, Symmons D, Lovell K, Keeley P, Woby S, Beasley M, McBeth J, Viatte S, Plant D, Lunt M, Fu B, Parker B, Galloway J, Solymossy C, Worthington J, Symmons D, Dixey J, Young A, Barton A, Williams FM, Osei-Bordom DC, Popham M, MacGregor A, Spector T, Little J, Herrick A, Pushpakom S, Ennis H, McBurney H, Worthington J, Newman W, Ibrahim I, Plant D, Hyrich K, Morgan A, Wilson A, Isaacs J, Barton A, Sanderson T, Hewlett S, Calnan M, Morris M, Raza K, Kumar K, Cardy CM, Pauling JD, Jenkins J, Brown SJ, McHugh N, Nikiphorou E, Mugford M, Davies C, Cooper N, Brooksby A, Bunn D, Symmons D, MacGregor A, Dures E, Ambler N, Fletcher D, Pope D, Robinson F, Rooke R, Hewlett S, Gorman CL, Reynolds P, Hakim AJ, Bosworth A, Weaver D, Kiely PD, Skeoch S, Jani M, Amarasena R, Rao C, Macphie E, McLoughlin Y, Shah P, Else S, Semenova O, Thompson H, Ogunbambi O, Kallankara S, Patel Y, Baguley E, Jani M, Halsey J, Severn A, Bukhari M, Selvan S, Price E, Husain MJ, Brophy S, Phillips CJ, Cooksey R, Irvine E, Siebert S, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Ng WF, Dasgupta B, Taylor P, Iqbal I, Heron L, Pilling C, Marks J, Hull R, Ledingham J, Han C, Gathany T, Tandon N, Hsia E, Taylor P, Strand V, Sensky T, Harta N, Fleming S, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Eyre T, Wilson G, Johnson P, Russell M, Timoshanko J, Duncan G, Spandley A, Roskell S, Coady D, West L, Adshead R, Donnelly SP, Ashton S, Tahir H, Patel D, Darroch J, Goodson NJ, Boulton J, Ellis B, Finlay R, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Ng WF, Murray-Brown W, Priori R, Tappuni T, Vartoukian S, Seoudi N, Picarelli G, Fortune F, Valesini G, Pitzalis C, Bombardieri M, Ball E, Rooney M, Bell A, Merida AA, Isenberg D, Tarelli E, Axford J, Giles I, Pericleous C, Pierangeli SS, Ioannou J, Rahman A, Alavi A, Hughes M, Evans B, Bukhari M, Parker B, Zaki A, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Hui M, Garner R, Rees F, Bavakunji R, Daniel P, Varughese S, Srikanth A, Andres M, Pearce F, Leung J, Lim K, Regan M, Lanyon P, Oomatia A, Petri M, Fang H, Birnbaum J, Amissah-Arthur M, Gayed M, Stewart K, Jennens H, Braude S, Gordon C, Sutton EJ, Watson KD, Gordon C, Yee CS, Lanyon P, Jayne D, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Akil M, McHugh N, Ahmad Y, Amft N, D'Cruz D, Edwards CJ, Griffiths B, Khamashta M, Teh LS, Zoma A, Bruce I, Dey ID, Kenu E, Isenberg D, Pericleous C, Garza-Garcia A, Murfitt L, Driscoll PC, Isenberg D, Pierangeli S, Giles I, Ioannou Y, Rahman A, Reynolds JA, Ray DW, O'Neill T, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Segeda I, Shevchuk S, Kuvikova I, Brown N, Bruce I, Venning M, Mehta P, Dhanjal M, Mason J, Nelson-Piercy C, Basu N, Paudyal P, Stockton M, Lawton S, Dent C, Kindness K, Meldrum G, John E, Arthur C, West L, Macfarlane MV, Reid DM, Jones GT, Macfarlane GJ, Yates M, Loke Y, Watts R, MacGregor A, Adizie T, Christidis D, Dasgupta B, Williams M, Sivakumar R, Misra R, Danda D, Mahendranath KM, Bacon PA, Mackie SL, Pease CT. Basic science * 232. Certolizumab pegol prevents pro-inflammatory alterations in endothelial cell function. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Campbell R, Hofmann D, Hatch S, Gordon P, Lempp H, Das L, Blumbergs P, Limaye V, Vermaak E, McHugh N, Edwards MH, Jameson K, Sayer AA, Dennison E, Cooper C, Salvador FB, Huertas C, Isenberg D, Jackson EJ, Middleton A, Churchill D, Walker-Bone K, Worsley PR, Mottram S, Warner M, Morrissey D, Gadola S, Carr A, Cooper C, Stokes M, Srivastava RN, Sanghi D, Srivastava RN, Sanghi D, Elbaz A, Mor A, Segal G, Drexler M, Norman D, Peled E, Rozen N, Goryachev Y, Debbi EM, Haim A, Rozen N, Wolf A, Debi R, Mor A, Segal G, Debbi EM, Cohen MS, Igolnikov I, Bar Ziv Y, Benkovich V, Bernfeld B, Rozen N, Elbaz A, Collins J, Moots RJ, Clegg PD, Milner PI, Ejtehadi HD, Nelson PN, Wenham C, Balamoody S, Hodgson R, Conaghan P, Wilkie R, Blagojevic M, Jordan KP, Mcbeth J, Peffers MJ, Beynon RJ, Thornton DJ, Clegg PD, Chapman R, Chapman V, Walsh D, Kelly S, Hui M, Zhang W, Doherty S, Rees F, Muir K, Maciewicz R, Doherty M, Snelling S, Davidson RK, Swingler T, Price A, Clark I, Stockley E, Hathway G, Faas H, Auer D, Chapman V, Hirsch G, Hale E, Kitas G, Klocke R, Abraham A, Pearce MS, Mann KD, Francis RM, Birrell F, Tucker M, Mellon SJ, Jones L, Price AJ, Dieppe PA, Gill HS, Ashraf S, Chapman V, Walsh DA, McCollum D, McCabe C, Grieve S, Shipley J, Gorodkin R, Oldroyd AG, Evans B, Greenbank C, Bukhari M, Rajak R, Bennett C, Williams A, Martin JC, Abdulkader R, MacNicol C, Brixey K, Stephenson S, Clunie G, Andrews RN, Oldroyd AG, Evans B, Greenbank C, Bukhari M, Clark EM, Gould VC, Carter L, Morrison L, Tobias JH, Pye SR, Vanderschueren D, O'Neill TW, Lee DM, Jans I, Billen J, Gielen E, Laurent M, Claessens F, Adams JE, Ward KA, Bartfai G, Casanueva F, Finn JD, Forti G, Giwercman A, Han TS, Huhtaniemi I, Kula K, Lean ME, Pendleton N, Punab M, Wu FC, Boonen S, Mercieca C, Webb J, Shipley J, Bhalla A, Fairbanks S, Moss KE, Collins C, Sedgwick P, Clark EM, Gould VC, Morrison L, Tobias JH, Parker J, Greenbank C, Evans B, Oldroyd AG, Bukhari M, Harvey NC, Cole ZA, Crozier SR, Ntani G, Mahon PA, Robinson SM, Inskip HM, Godfrey KM, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Bridges M, Ruddick S, Holroyd CR, Mahon P, Crozier SR, Godfrey K, Inskip HM, Cooper C, Harvey NC, Bridges M, Ruddick S, McNeilly T, McNally C, Beringer T, Finch M, Coda A, Davidson J, Walsh J, Fowlie P, Carline T, Santos D, Patil P, Rawcliffe C, Olaleye A, Moore S, Fox A, Sen D, Ioannou Y, Nisar S, Rankin K, Birch M, Finnegan S, Rooney M, Gibson DS, Malviya A, Ferris CM, Rushton SP, Foster HE, Hanson H, Muthumayandi K, Deehan DJ, Birt L, Poland F, MacGregor A, Armon K, Pfeil M, McErlane F, Beresford MW, Baildam EM, Thomson W, Hyrich K, Chieng A, Davidson J, Foster HE, Gardner-Medwin J, Lunt M, Wedderburn L, Gibson DS, Finnegan S, Newell K, Evans A, Manning G, Scaife C, McAllister C, Pennington SR, Duncan M, Moore T, Rooney M, Pericleous C, Croca SC, Giles I, Alber K, Yong H, Isenberg D, Midgely A, Beresford MW, Rahman A, Ioannou Y, Rzewuska M, Mallen C, Strauss VY, Belcher J, Peat G, Byng-Maddick R, Wijendra M, Penn H, Roddy E, Muller S, Hayward R, Mallen C, Kamlow F, Pakozdi A, Jawad A, Green DJ, Muller S, Mallen C, Hider SL, Singh Bawa S, Bawa S, Turton A, Palmer M, Grieve S, Lewis J, Moss T, McCabe C, Goodchild CE, Tang N, Scott D, Salkovskis P, Selvan S, Williamson L, Selvan S, Williamson L, Thalayasingam N, Higgins M, Saravanan V, Rynne M, Hamilton JD, Heycock C, Kelly C, Norton S, Sacker A, Done J, Young A, Smolen JS, Fleischmann RM, Emery P, van Vollenhoven RF, Guerette B, Santra S, Kupper H, Redden L, Kavanaugh A, Keystone EC, van der Heijde D, Weinblatt ME, Mozaffarian N, Guerette B, Kupper H, Liu S, Kavanaugh A, Zhang N, Wilkinson S, Riaz M, Ostor AJ, Nisar MK, Burmester G, Mariette X, Navarro-Blasco F, Oezer U, Kary S, Unnebrink K, Kupper H, Jobanputra P, Maggs F, Deeming A, Carruthers D, Rankin E, Jordan A, Faizal A, Goddard C, Pugh M, Bowman S, Brailsford S, Nightingale P, Tugnet N, Cooper SC, Douglas KM, Edwin Lim CS, Bee Lian Low S, Joy C, Hill L, Davies P, Mukherjee S, Cornell P, Westlake SL, Richards S, Rahmeh F, Thompson PW, Breedveld F, Keystone E, van der Heijde D, Landewe R, Smolen JS, Guerette B, McIlraith M, Kupper H, Liu S, Kavanaugh A, Byng-Maddick R, Penn H, Abdulkader R, Dharmapalaiah C, Shand L, Rose G, Clunie G, Watts R, Eldashan A, Dasgupta B, Borg FA, Bell GM, Anderson AE, Harry RA, Stoop JN, Hilkens CM, Isaacs J, Dickinson A, McColl E, Banik S, Smith L, France J, Bawa S, Rutherford A, Scott Russell A, Smith J, Jassim I, Withrington R, Bacon P, De Lord D, McGregor L, Morrison I, Stirling A, Porter DR, Saunders SA, Else S, Semenova O, Thompson H, Ogunbambi O, Kallankara S, Baguley E, Patel Y, Alzabin S, Abraham S, Taher TE, Palfeeman A, Hull D, McNamee K, Jawad A, Pathan E, Kinderlerer A, Taylor P, Williams RO, Mageed RA, Iaremenko O, Mikitenko G, Ferrari M, Kamalati T, Pitzalis C, Tugnet N, Pearce F, Tosounidou S, Obrenovic K, Erb N, Packham J, Sandhu R, White C, Cardy CM, Justice E, Frank M, Li L, Lloyd M, Ahmed A, Readhead S, Ala A, Fittall M, Manson J, Ioannou Y, Sibilia J, Marc Flipo R, Combe B, Gaillez C, Le Bars M, Poncet C, Elegbe A, Westhovens R, Hassanzadeh R, Mangan C, France J, Bawa S, Weinblatt ME, Fleischmann R, van Vollenhoven R, Emery P, Huizinga TWJ, Goldermann R, Duncan B, Timoshanko J, Luijtens K, Davies O, Dougados M, Hewitt J, Owlia M, Dougados M, Gaillez C, Le Bars M, Poncet C, Elegbe A, Schiff M, Alten R, Kaine JL, Keystone E, Nash PT, Delaet I, Qi K, Genovese MC, Clark J, Kardash S, Wong E, Hull R, McCrae F, Shaban R, Thomas L, Young-Min S, Ledingham J, Genovese MC, Covarrubias Cobos A, Leon G, Mysler EF, Keiserman MW, Valente RM, Nash PT, Abraham Simon Campos J, Porawska W, Box JH, Legerton CW, Nasonov EL, Durez P, Pappu R, Delaet I, Teng J, Alten R, Edwards CJ, Arden N, Campbell J, van Staa T, Housden C, Sargeant I, Edwards CJ, Arden N, Campbell J, van Staa T, Housden C, Sargeant I, Choy E, McAuliffe S, Roberts K, Sargeant I, Emery P, Sarzi-Puttini P, Moots RJ, Andrianakos A, Sheeran TP, Choquette D, Finckh A, Desjuzeur ML, Gemmen EK, Mpofu C, Gottenberg JE, Bukhari M, Shah P, Kitas G, Cox M, Nye A, O'Brien A, Jones P, Sargeant I, Jones GT, Paudyal P, MacPherson H, Sim J, Doherty M, Ernst E, Fisken M, Lewith G, Tadman J, Macfarlane GJ, Mariette X, Bertin P, Arendt C, Terpstra I, VanLunen B, de Longueville M, Zhou H, Cai A, Lacy E, Kay J, Keystone E, Matteson E, Hu C, Hsia E, Doyle M, Rahman M, Shealy D, Scott DL, Ibrahim F, Abozaid H, Choy E, Hassell A, Plant M, Richards S, Walker D, Simpson G, Kowalczyk A, Prouse P, Brown A, George M, Kumar N, Mackay K, Marshall S, Nash PT, Ludivico CL, Delaet I, Qi K, Murthy B, Corbo M, Kaine JL, Emery P, Smolen JS, Samborski W, Berenbaum F, Davies O, Ambrugeat J, Bennett B, Burkhardt H, Prouse P, Brown A, George M, Kumar N, Mackay K, Marshall S, Bykerk V, Ostor AJ, Roman Ivorra J, Wollenhaupt J, Stancati A, Bernasconi C, Sibilia J, Scott DGI, Claydon P, Ellis C, Buchan S, Pope J, Fleischmann R, Dougados M, Bingham CO, Massarotti EM, Wollenhaupt J, Duncan B, Coteur G, Weinblatt M, Hull D, Ball C, Abraham S, Ainsworth T, Kermik J, Woodham J, Haq I, Quesada-Masachs E, Carolina Diaz A, Avila G, Acosta I, Sans X, Alegre C, Marsal S, McWilliams D, Kiely PD, Young A, Walsh DA, Fleischmann R, Bolce R, Wang J, Ingham M, Dehoratius R, Decktor D, Rao V, Pavlov A, Klearman M, Musselman D, Giles J, Bathon J, Sattar N, Lee J, Baxter D, McLaren JS, Gordon MM, Thant KZ, Williams EL, Earl S, White P, Williams J, Westlake SL, Ledingham J, Jan AK, Bhatti AI, Stafford C, Carolan M, Ramakrishnan SA. Muscle disorders * 111. The impact of fatigue in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: a mixed method study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Iyer GR, Patel Y, Teuscher NS. A Novel Study Using Accelerated Mass Spectrometry to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Total 14C AL-8309 (Tandospirone) Following Topical Ocular Administration in Healthy Male Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2012; 1:4-13. [DOI: 10.1177/2160763x11430162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Morgan TM, House JA, Cresci S, Jones P, Allayee H, Hazen SL, Patel Y, Patel RS, Eapen DJ, Waddy SP, Quyyumi AA, Kleber ME, März W, Winkelmann BR, Boehm BO, Krumholz HM, Spertus JA. Investigation of 95 variants identified in a genome-wide study for association with mortality after acute coronary syndrome. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:127. [PMID: 21957892 PMCID: PMC3190329 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified new candidate genes for the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but possible effects of such genes on survival following ACS have yet to be investigated. Methods We examined 95 polymorphisms in 69 distinct gene regions identified in a GWAS for premature myocardial infarction for their association with post-ACS mortality among 811 whites recruited from university-affiliated hospitals in Kansas City, Missouri. We then sought replication of a positive genetic association in a large, racially diverse cohort of myocardial infarction patients (N = 2284) using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox regression to adjust for relevant covariates. Finally, we investigated the apparent association further in 6086 additional coronary artery disease patients. Results After Cox adjustment for other ACS risk factors, of 95 SNPs tested in 811 whites only the association with the rs6922269 in MTHFD1L was statistically significant, with a 2.6-fold mortality hazard (P = 0.007). The recessive A/A genotype was of borderline significance in an age- and race-adjusted analysis of the entire combined cohort (N = 3095; P = 0.052), but this finding was not confirmed in independent cohorts (N = 6086). Conclusions We found no support for the hypothesis that the GWAS-identified variants in this study substantially alter the probability of post-ACS survival. Large-scale, collaborative, genome-wide studies may be required in order to detect genetic variants that are robustly associated with survival in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Han KA, Patel Y, Lteif AA, Chisholm R, Mather KJ. Contributions of dysglycaemia, obesity, and insulin resistance to impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27:354-61. [PMID: 21309061 PMCID: PMC3090665 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual effects of hyperglycaemia and obesity to impair vascular health are recognized. However, the relative contributions of dysglycaemia versus other obesity-related traits to vascular dysfunction have not been systematically evaluated. METHODS We undertook a cross-sectional evaluation of factors contributing to vascular function in 271 consecutive subjects, categorized as non-obese normal glucose tolerant (n = 115), non-obese dysglycaemic (n = 32), obese normal glucose tolerant (n = 57), obese dysglycaemic (n = 38), or type 2 diabetic (n = 29). Vascular function was measured invasively as leg blood flow responses to methacholine chloride, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator. Categorical and continuous analyses were carried out to assess the contributions of hyperglycaemia to vascular dysfunction. RESULTS Even among normoglycaemic subjects, obese subjects had impaired vascular function compared to non-obese subjects (p = 0.004). Vascular function was also impaired in non-obese dysglycaemic subjects (p = 0.04 versus non-obese normoglycaemic subjects), to a level comparable to normoglycaemic obese subjects. Within obese subject groups, gradations of dysglycaemia including the presence of diabetes were not associated with further worsening of these vascular responses beyond the effect of obesity alone (p = not significant comparing all obese groups, p < 0.001 versus lean normoglycaemic subjects). After univariate and multivariable modelling analyses we found that effects of glycaemia were less powerful than effects of insulin resistance and obesity on vascular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Dysglycaemia contributes to impaired vascular function in non-obese subjects, but obesity and insulin resistance are more important determinants of vascular function in obese and diabetic subjects.
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Hartiala J, Li D, Conti DV, Vikman S, Patel Y, Tang WHW, Brennan ML, Newman JW, Stephensen CB, Armstrong P, Hazen SL, Allayee H. Genetic contribution of the leukotriene pathway to coronary artery disease. Hum Genet 2011; 129:617-27. [PMID: 21293878 PMCID: PMC3092945 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-0963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the genetic contribution of the leukotriene (LT) pathway to risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in 4,512 Caucasian and African American subjects ascertained through elective cardiac evaluation. Of the three previously associated variants, the shorter “3” and “4” alleles of a promoter repeat polymorphism in ALOX5 increased risk of CAD in African Americans (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–1.9; p = 0.04), whereas a haplotype of LTA4H (HapK) was associated with CAD in Caucasians (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.01–1.4; p = 0.03). In Caucasians, first-stage analysis of 254 haplotype-tagging SNPs in 15 LT pathway genes with follow-up of 19 variants in stage 2 revealed an LTA4H SNP (rs2540477) that increased risk of CAD (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.5; p = 0.003) and a PLA2G4A SNP (rs12746200) that decreased risk of CAD (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.6–0.9; p = 0.0007). The PLA2G4A rs12746200 variant also decreased risk of experiencing a major adverse cardiac event (MACE = myocardial infarction, stroke, or death) over 3 years of follow-up (HR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–0.9; p = 0.01), consistent with its cardioprotective effect. Functional experiments demonstrated that stimulated monocytes from carriers of LTA4H variants HapK or rs2540477 had 50% (p = 0.002) and 33% (p = 0.03) higher LTB4 production, respectively, compared to non-carriers. These ex vivo results are consistent with LTB4 being the direct product of the reaction catalyzed by LTA4H and its role in promoting monocyte chemotaxis to sites of inflammation, including the artery wall of atherosclerotic lesions. Taken together, this study provides additional evidence that functional genetic variation of the LT pathway can mediate atherogenic processes and the risk of CAD in humans.
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Riebe B, Karas CS, Bagan B, Baig MN, Hallock A, Hamilton B, Ang CL, Tay K, Megyesi J, Fisher B, Watling C, MacDonald D, Bauman G, Momin E, Adams H, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Ruda R, Bertero L, Picco E, Trevian E, Tarenzi L, Donadio M, Airoldi M, Bertetto O, Mocellini C, Soffietti R, McCarthy BJ, Dolecek TA, Johnson DR, Olson JE, Vierkant RA, Hammack JE, Wang AH, Folsom AR, Virnig BA, Cerhan JR, Scheurer ME, Etzel CJ, Wefel JS, Liu Y, Liang FW, El-Zein R, Meyers CA, Bondy ML, Davis F, Dolecek TA, McCarthy BJ, Hottinger AF, Perez L, Usel M, Neyroud-Caspar I, Bouchardy C, Dietrich PY, Jho DJ, Eltantawy MH, Sekula R, Aziz K, Lee SY, Slagle-Webb B, Sheehan JM, Connor JR, Elena P, Andrew L, Anne R, Katherine P, Lisa D, Lai RK, Ferris J, Florendo E, McCoy L, Rice T, Ottman R, Neugut AI, Wiencke J, Wiemels J, Wrensch M, Yovino S, Hadley C, Kwok Y, Eisenberg H, Regine WF, Feigenberg S, Megyesi JF, Haji F, Patel Y, Ang LC, Lachance DH, Wrensch M, Il'yasova D, Decker P, Johnson D, Xiao Y, Rynearson A, Fink S, Kosel M, Yang P, Fridley B, Wiemels J, Wiencke J, Ali-Osman F, Davis F, Kollmeyer T, Buckner J, O'Neill B, Jenkins R. Epidemiology. Neuro Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq116.s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ringer L, Sirajuddin P, Yenugonda VM, Ghosh A, Divito K, Trabosh V, Patel Y, Brophy A, Grindrod S, Lisanti MP, Rosenthal D, Brown ML, Avantaggiati ML, Rodriguez O, Albanese C. VMY-1-103, a dansylated analog of purvalanol B, induces caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 10:320-5. [PMID: 20574155 PMCID: PMC3040852 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.10.4.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine group of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors have the potential to be clinically relevant inhibitors of cancer cell proliferation. We have recently designed and synthesized a novel dansylated analog of purvalanol B, termed VMY-1-103, that inhibited cell cycle progression in breast cancer cell lines more effectively than did purvalanol B and allowed for uptake analyses by fluorescence microscopy. ErbB-2 plays an important role in the regulation of signal transduction cascades in a number of epithelial tumors, including prostate cancer (PCa). Our previous studies demonstrated that transgenic expression of activated ErbB-2 in the mouse prostate initiated PCa and either the overexpression of ErbB-2 or the addition of the ErbB-2/ErbB-3 ligand, heregulin (HRG), induced cell cycle progression in the androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. In the present study, we tested the efficacy of VMY-1-103 in inhibiting HRG-induced cell proliferation in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. At concentrations as low as 1 μM, VMY-1-103 increased both the proportion of cells in G(1) and p21(CIP1) protein levels. At higher concentrations (5 μM or 10 μM), VMY-1-103 induced apoptosis via decreased mitochondrial membrane polarity and induction of p53 phosphorylation, caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage. Treatment with 10 μM Purvalanol B failed to either influence proliferation or induce apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that VMY-1-103 was more effective in inducing apoptosis in PCa cells than its parent compound, purvalanol B, and support the testing of VMY-1-103 as a potential small molecule inhibitor of prostate cancer in vivo.
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Chen J, Venkatasubbaiah K, Pakkirisamy T, Doshi A, Yusupov A, Patel Y, Lalancette R, Jäkle F. Planar Chiral Organoborane Lewis Acids Derived from Naphthylferrocene. Chemistry 2010; 16:8861-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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