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Wu CH, Hsu MM, Chang YL, Hsieh FJ. Vascular pathology of malignant cervical lymphadenopathy: qualitative and quantitative assessment with power Doppler ultrasound. Cancer 1998; 83:1189-96. [PMID: 9740085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant vascular pathology has traditionally been studied with invasive angiography or in vitro immunohistochemistry. The objective of this study was to investigate the vascular patterns and vascular density of benign and malignant cervical lymphadenopathy using power Doppler ultrasound combined with a computed quantitative image processing system. METHODS Investigations of 189 cervical lymph node lesions were undertaken prospectively using a 5-10 MHz linear array transducer in power mode. The types of vascular patterns displayed with power Doppler ultrasound, after sweep-scanning over the whole lymph node, were classified as hilar, spotted, peripheral, or mixed. Quantitative assessment of vascularity was made by sampling three parallel planes of each lymph node. A computed image processing system automatically calculated the density of vascular signals (called the "vascularity index" in this study) within the lymph node plane. RESULTS Malignant lymph node lesions were shown to have higher vascularity indices (0.169+/-0.147, P < 0.01). The vascular patterns of benign lesions were mostly of avascular or hilar type (in 83% of cases). Malignant lesions were characterized by patterns of mixed (47%), spotted (20%), or peripheral type (11%). When vascular pattern (nonhilar type) and vascularity index (maximum > or = 0.09) were combined, the specificity for diagnosing malignant lymphadenopathy was as high as 97%. Variance in tumor vascularity was noted in both the benign and malignant groups. CONCLUSIONS Power Doppler ultrasound combined with a computed image processing system provided an objective tool for assessing tumor vascularity quantitatively. Using this modality, the vascular pathology of malignant lymphadenopathy was found to be characterized by higher vascular density and aberrant vascular patterns.
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102
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Yen RF, Chen ML, Liu FY, Ko SC, Chang YL, Chieng PU, Su CT. False-positive 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography studies for evaluation of focal pulmonary abnormalities. J Formos Med Assoc 1998; 97:642-5. [PMID: 9795534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) can demonstrate the glucose metabolism characteristics of a lesion, which may be helpful in differentiating between benign and malignant focal pulmonary lesions. Malignant cells demonstrate higher glucose metabolic activity than benign lesions. However, some inflammatory processes also show significant FDG uptake. We present two cases where high FDG uptake was found in inflammatory lesions in the lungs. The first case was that of a 38-year-old woman with chronic cough for more than 20 years. FDG PET revealed a hypermetabolic lesion with a lesion-to-background ratio of 8.0 at the posterior aspect of the right middle lung. She underwent thoracotomy and tumor resection, and was diagnosed with cryptococcosis. The second case was that of a 72-year-old woman who had pulmonary tuberculosis previously with cavitation in the left lower lobe. She suffered from fever, chills and severe hemoptysis for several days before this admission. FDG PET revealed a hypermetabolic ring at the periphery of the cavity. The lesion-to-background ratio was 7.8. Echo-guided biopsy showed no evidence of malignancy. She was treated with antibiotics and the symptoms subsided gradually. Lung abscess complicating a pre-existing cavity was diagnosed. These two cases substantiate that positive FDG PET results should be interpreted with caution in differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary abnormalities, especially in regions with a high prevalence of granulomatous lesions.
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Wu CH, Chang YL, Hsu WC, Ko JY, Sheen TS, Hsieh FJ. Usefulness of Doppler spectral analysis and power Doppler sonography in the differentiation of cervical lymphadenopathies. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 171:503-9. [PMID: 9694484 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.171.2.9694484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to depict the characteristics of the global vasculature of cervical lymphadenopathies and to clarify the efficiency of Doppler spectral analysis and power Doppler sonography in the differential diagnosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Prospectively, 289 lymph node lesions underwent Doppler flow studies and were grouped as metastasis, lymphoma, tuberculosis, and benign lymphadenopathies. Sonographic assessments included vascular pattern and vascular density (presented as vascularity index) as revealed by power Doppler sonography. Vascular resistive index and pulsatility index were assessed by at least three flow samplings. Values of both the highest and the lowest resistance were analyzed. Vascularity index, resistive index, pulsatility index, nodal size, and age were correlated. RESULTS Most benign lymphadenopathies (87%), tuberculous lymphadenopathies (72%), and lymphomas (71%) revealed an avascular or hilar vascular pattern. Vascular patterns of most metastatic lymphadenopathies (90%) were of spotted (26%), peripheral (11%), or mixed (53%) type. The vascularity indexes of metastatic lymphadenopathy (mean, 0.176) and lymphoma (mean, 0.122) were significantly higher than those of tuberculous and benign lymphadenopathy (mean, 0.054 and 0.042, respectively). In vascular resistance studies, the highest pulsatility index and resistive index in metastatic lymphadenopathy statistically exceeded those of benign lymphadenopathy, whereas no difference was found in the lowest values. Negative correlation was found between the vascularity index of metastatic lesions and their lowest vascular resistance, and positive correlation was found between vascularity index and nodal size in benign lymphadenopathies. CONCLUSION In addition to vascular resistance assessed traditionally with Doppler spectral analysis, vascular pattern and vascular density assessed with power Doppler sonography can better differentiate the nature of lymphadenopathies.
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Sheen TS, Ko JY, Chang YL. Partial vertical laryngectomy in the treatment of early glottic cancer. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1998; 107:593-7. [PMID: 9682855 DOI: 10.1177/000348949810700709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of early glottic cancer is still controversial. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the results of 49 partial vertical laryngectomies in our department. All patients except 1 were successfully decannulated. The quality of voice was suboptimal but serviceable in all patients. Overall, there were 9 recurrences: 7 in the larynx and 2 in the neck. In the laryngeal recurrence group, 5 of 6 patients were successfully salvaged with total laryngectomy. One patient died of acute renal failure 1 month after salvage operation. Another patient survived 4.5 years after cisplatin-based chemotherapy. In the neck recurrence group, 1 patient was successfully salvaged with neck dissection; the other was lost to follow-up after neck dissection. The actuarial 5-year survival rate was 97.4% and the larynx preservation rate was 88%. The recurrence rate was 14%, when 2 of the 7 laryngeal recurrences were excluded because they occurred beyond 5 years. The results of this series were encouraging. We suggest that partial vertical laryngectomy is a good treatment modality for selected early glottic cancers, especially those of the T1 group.
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105
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Chen KY, Wu HD, Chang YL, Shih JY, Yang PC. Primary pulmonary plasmacytoma with lobar consolidation: an unusual presentation. J Formos Med Assoc 1998; 97:507-10. [PMID: 9700250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare form of plasma cell tumor that frequently involves the upper respiratory tract. Primary pulmonary plasmacytoma is even more rare. The usual presentation of primary pulmonary plasmacytoma is a solitary pulmonary nodule. We describe the case of a 58-year-old woman who presented with the chief complaints of progressive dyspnea on exertion, cough, and subsequently, hemoptysis. The main finding on chest imaging studies, including plain radiography, sonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, was consolidation of the right middle lobe. Percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy of the right middle lobe demonstrated sheets of atypical plasma cells. Immunohistochemical study showed IgA lambda monoclonality. A bone marrow study and whole body bone scan showed normal findings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of primary pulmonary plasmacytoma presenting with lobar consolidation of the lung but without a well-defined tumor mass.
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Wu CH, Shih JC, Chang YL, Lee SY, Hsieh FJ. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional power Doppler sonographic classification of vascular patterns in cervical lymphadenopathies. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 1998; 17:459-464. [PMID: 9669305 DOI: 10.7863/jum.1998.17.7.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vascular patterns may reflect some pathologic behaviors of tumors and lymph nodes. Power Doppler ultrasonography, with improved sensitivity and better noise contrast, were used to depict vasculature in 289 cases of cervical lymphadenopathy. Four patterns of vasculature, in addition to avascular nodes, were classified. Benign lymphadenopathies represented 89% and 83% of avascular and hilar type nodes, respectively. However, malignant lymphadenopathies dominated in nodes that were of spotted (72%), peripheral (60%), and mixed type (80%). Correlation between nodal sizes and chronologic changes of vascular patterns in malignant lymphadenopathies implied a reasonable classification. Three-dimensional power angiography, with the advantage of less plane-sampling bias, was further used to validate our classification.
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107
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Wang TC, Chiou CM, Chang YL. Genetic toxicity of N-methylcarbamate insecticides and their N-nitroso derivatives. Mutagenesis 1998; 13:405-8. [PMID: 9717179 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/13.4.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methylcarbamate esters are an important group of insecticides. They have lower acute toxicity to vertebrates than organophosphates, although their genotoxicity has not been adequately studied. Here we investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of N-methylcarbamate insecticides and their N-nitroso derivatives in Chinese hamster V79 cells, using the hprt locus as a marker, and also assess inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication. N-Methylcarbamate insecticides were chemically N-nitrosated to obtain the N-nitroso derivatives. N-Nitrosation greatly increased the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of N-methylcarbamates at the hprt locus in Chinese hamster V79 cells. The mutagenic potential of N-nitroso-N-methylcarbamates was much higher than those of many other known mutagenic nitroso compounds, as well as some non-nitroso mutagenic alkylating agents. Parental N-methylcarbamates themselves were not mutagenic, however, they inhibited gap junctional intercellular communication half as effectively as the well-studied tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. The findings show that N-methylcarbamate insecticides and their N-nitroso derivatives have the potential to act through mediation of epigenetic and genotoxic mechanisms respectively in the multiple stages of chemical carcinogenesis.
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Chen YL, Wang TC, Chang NC, Chang YL, Teng CM, Tzeng CC. alpha-Methylene-gamma-butyrolactones: synthesis and vasorelaxing activity assay of coumarin, naphthalene, and quinoline derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1998; 46:962-5. [PMID: 9658574 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.46.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Certain alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone derivatives of coumarin, naphthalene, and quinoline were synthesized and evaluated for vasorelaxing effects on isolated rat thoracic aorta. The 7-[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-methylene-5-oxo-2-furanyl)methoxy]-2H- 1- benzopyran-2-ones, which have an aliphatic methyl substituent at the lactone C2, were more active than their C2-phenyl counterparts against high-K+ (80 mM) medium, Ca2+ (1.9 mM)-induced vasoconstriction and the norepinephrine (NE, 3 microM)-induced phasic and tonic constrictions (2a vs. 2b; 2c vs. 2d; 2e vs. 2f; 2g vs. 2h). Although 3-chloro-7-[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-methylene-5-oxo-2- furanyl)methoxy]-4-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (2g) demonstrated the most potent inhibitory activities on the NE-induced phasic and tonic constrictions at concentrations of as low as 10 micrograms/ml, it possesses both affinity for NE-receptor and intrinsic activity to trigger the vasoconstriction. However, 8-[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-methylene-5-oxo-2- furanyl)methoxy]quinoline (10a) and other quinoline derivatives (11a, 12a) are pure irreversible non-competitive blockers of NE-receptor with no intrinsic activity. The aromatic ring played an important role in the vasorelaxing effects of alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones; naphthalene was inactive, quinolines exhibited only affinity to the alpha-receptor, and coumarins possessed both affinity and intrinsic activity.
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Wang TC, Chiou JM, Chang YL, Hu MC. Genotoxicity of propoxur and its N-nitroso derivative in mammalian cells. Carcinogenesis 1998; 19:623-9. [PMID: 9600347 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/19.4.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Nitroso propoxur (NP) can be synthesized from a widely used N-methylcarbamate insecticide, propoxur, in vitro in the laboratory. Because of the extensive use of aerosol propoxur, the adverse effect on cells of respiratory origin is worth elucidating. In this report, two mammalian cell cultures from respiratory tissues [a hamster lung fibroblast, V79, and a primary rat tracheal epithelial cell (RTE)], were used to investigate the genotoxicity of propoxur and NP. NP was more cytotoxic than propoxur, with LC50s (20 and six times smaller, respectively in V79 and RTE cells. NP significantly induced sister chromatid exchange (> or = 0.01 microg/ml), chromosome aberration (> or = 2.5 microg/ml) and hprt gene mutation (> or = 0.5 microg/ml) in V79 cells, and cell transformation (> or = 0.2 microg/ml) in RTE cells. Results of chromosome aberration and hprt gene mutation indicated that the major pre-mutagenic lesion induced by NP must be the O6-methylguanine adduct, which frequently mispairs with thymine and thus gives rise to a GC-->AT transition. Propoxur was not mutagenic to either type of cells. However, it inhibited gap-junctional intercellular communication in V79 cells, which indicates that propoxur could act through some epigenetic mechanisms, such as tumor promotion or cell proliferation, in the multiple process of chemical carcinogenesis.
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110
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Sheen TS, Chang YL, Yeh KH, Wu CT, Ko JY. Nasal Septal Tumor as a Sole Presentation in the Head and Neck Region in Rosai-Dorfman Disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998; 118:408-11. [PMID: 9527128 DOI: 10.1016/s0194-59989870327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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111
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Girman JR, Chang YL, Hayward SB, Liu KS. Causes of unintentional deaths from carbon monoxide poisonings in California. West J Med 1998; 168:158-65. [PMID: 9549414 PMCID: PMC1304855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the annual number and incidence of unintentional deaths from carbon monoxide (CO) poisonings in California and to identify specific factors that caused or contributed to the deaths. Unintentional CO deaths in California over a ten-year period (1979 to 1988) were identified from the database of the California Master Mortality File and coroners' investigation reports. Factors associated with unintentional CO deaths were determined based on the information from the investigation reports. The annual number of unintentional CO deaths varied from 27 to 58 over the ten years examined, with an average annual death incidence of 1.7 x 10(-6). Death rates were high among males and African-Americans. Alcohol appeared to be a factor in 31% of the cases. The types of combustion sources associated with unintentional CO deaths were: heating or cooking appliances; motor vehicles; charcoal grills and hibachis; small engines; and camping equipment. Factors associated with unintentional CO deaths interact in a complex way. To reduce the rate of unintentional CO deaths effectively, joint efforts involving several prevention methods are suggested.
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112
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Sheen TS, Chang YL, Yeh KH, Wu CT, Ko JY. Nasal septal tumor as a sole presentation in the head and neck region in Rosai-Dorfman disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998. [PMID: 9527128 DOI: 10.1016/s0194-5998(98)70327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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113
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Shih JY, Hsueh PR, Chang YL, Lin SF, Teng LJ, Luh KT. Pyomyositis due to Mycobacterium haemophilum in a patient with polymyositis and long-term steroid use. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26:505-7. [PMID: 9502485 DOI: 10.1086/517097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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114
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Chang YL, Yao YT, Wang NS, Lee YC. Segmental necrosis of small bronchi after prolonged intakes of Sauropus androgynus in Taiwan. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157:594-8. [PMID: 9476878 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.157.2.9704040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 1994 an endemic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has developed in Taiwan after a prevalent use of a body-weight-reducing vegetable, Sauropus androgynus (SA). All conventional treatments for COPD, including steroids and bronchodilators, had been ineffective. Studies of limited lung biopsy specimens from these patients revealed bronchiolitis obliterans. A few patients died, but many developed protracted chronic respiratory failure. Because of the chronic debilitation and ineffective conventional treatments, single lung transplants were performed as the last resort in four patients. The excised lungs revealed focal fibromuscular sclerosis and obliteration of bronchial arteries in the wall of large bronchi 4 to 5 mm in diameter with segmental necrosis of bronchi 2 to 4 mm in diameter. Bronchi immediately proximal to the necrotic zone showed fibrosis and atrophy of cartilage, bronchial glands, and smooth muscle cells; bronchioles immediately distal showed obstruction or dilatation. Most bronchi larger than 5 mm, pulmonary vessels, small bronchioles, and alveoli were little altered. The pathologic changes were most consistent with segmental ischemic necrosis of bronchi at the water-shed zone of bronchial and pulmonary circulation. The specific etiologic agent and detail of pathogenesis of this SA-related COPD needs further investigation.
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115
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Shih JY, Hsueh PR, Chang YL, Lee LN, Chen YC, Chen MF, Luh KT. Tracheal botryomycosis in a patient with tracheopathia osteochondroplastica. Thorax 1998; 53:73-5. [PMID: 9577526 PMCID: PMC1758705 DOI: 10.1136/thx.53.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Tracheal botryomycosis has never been reported in the literature. A 68 year old man presented with progressive dyspnoea and an exophytic mass below the vocal cords was found by bronchoscopy. Pathological study of the mass showed tracheal botryomycosis probably associated with Peptostreptococcus spp infection. The patient was given intravenous penicillin for six weeks. Tracheal obstruction necessitated tracheal resection and the surgical specimen revealed typical findings of tracheopathia osteochondroplastica without residual lesions of botryomycosis.
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116
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Yang TS, Chang YL, Yen CK. Haemoperfusion treatment in pigs experimentally intoxicated by paraquat. Hum Exp Toxicol 1997; 16:709-15. [PMID: 9429084 DOI: 10.1177/096032719701601203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
1. Because of their similarity in renal morphology and physiology to humans, domestic pigs (gilts, 70 kg) were bolus treated by intramuscular injection of 74, 17, and 6 mg kg-1 and by oral loading (70 mg kg-1 n = 4) of paraquat. The concentration peak of plasma paraquat was reached at 1.5 - 2.5 h. Renal clearance of paraquat rose to its maximum at 5-6 h after intoxication and then sharply decreased indicating renal failure. All the intoxicated pigs died. 2. An additional 10 gilts were also orally treated with 70 mg kg-1 paraquat but received haemoperfusion from 2 h post intoxication for either 2 h (n = 6) or 6 h (n = 4). The 2 h haemoperfusion resulted in a 5.1% toxin removal but failed to save any of six poisoned pigs. Prolonged 6 h haemoperfusion successfully rescued three out of four intoxicated pigs. 3. The plasma paraquat concentrations of the three surviving pigs were above 2 mg l-1 at 10 h post intoxication. This level is not only similar to those of untreated animals that died later, but also well beyond the suggested limit for survival of poisoned patients. 4. Pigs proved to be a good animal model for studies in paraquat poisoning and/or haemoperfusion. It is also suggested that early haemoperfusion is effective in treating paraquat poisoning even in very severe cases due to its possible detoxicating effect in addition to toxin removal.
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Shih JY, Lee LN, Wu HD, Yu CJ, Wang HC, Chang YL, Yang PC. Sonographic imaging of the trachea. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 1997; 16:783-790. [PMID: 9401991 DOI: 10.7863/jum.1997.16.12.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the feasibility of ultrasonography for imaging of the trachea and its effectiveness in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with tracheal stenosis due to various diseases. Twenty normal volunteers and six adult patients with tracheal stenosis were included in the study group. Subjects were examined with ultrasonography in a supine position with the neck hyperextended or in a sitting position. At the level of the thyroid isthmus, the anterior tracheal wall thicknesses imaged by ultrasonography were 1.54 +/- 0.22 mm (mean +/- SD) and 1.22 +/- 0.18 mm for normal male and female volunteers, respectively. Ultrasonography could reveal the intrinsic tracheal wall lesions and extrinsic lesions compressing the trachea in patients with tracheal stenosis. These ultrasonographic images correlated with CT images. In conclusion, ultrasonography may be useful in imaging of the trachea.
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118
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Liou SS, Zhao YL, Chang YL, Teng CM, Tzeng CC. Synthesis and antiplatelet evaluation of alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone bearing 2-methylquinoline and 8-hydroxyquinoline moieties. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1997; 45:1777-81. [PMID: 9396153 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.45.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In a search for inhibitors of platelet aggregation, some alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones bearing 2-methylquinoline and 8-hydroxyquinoline moieties were synthesized and evaluated for antiplatelet activities against thrombin (Thr)-, arachidonic acid (AA)-, collagen (Col)-, and platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced aggregation in washed rabbit platelets. With the exception of 2-[[2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-4-methylene-5-oxo-2-(4-phenylphenyl)-2 -furanyl]methoxy]-8-hydroxyquinoline (8f), these alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones completely inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by AA and Col. The 2-methylquinoline derivatives were also active against Thr- and PAF-induced aggregation, while their 8-hydroxyquinoline counterparts were relatively inactive.
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Shih JY, Hsueh PR, Chang YL, Chen MT, Yang PC, Luh KT. Osteomyelitis and tenosynovitis due to Mycobacterium marinum in a fish dealer. J Formos Med Assoc 1997; 96:913-6. [PMID: 9409126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria is rarely reported. We describe a case of tenosynovitis and osteomyelitis of the right middle finger and metacarpal bone caused by Mycobacterium marinum in a fish dealer. This 52-year-old woman suffered progressive pain, numbness, tenderness, and erythematous swelling of the right middle finger over a 2-month period. A radiograph of the right hand disclosed osteolytic lesions at the third metacarpal bone and the third proximal phalanx. She was treated successfully with repeated surgical debridement and antimicrobial agents, including clarithromycin, ethambutol, rifampin, and doxycycline for 1 month, followed by ethambutol and clarithromycin. Pathologic examination of the debrided tissue disclosed epithelioid granuloma, caseous necrosis, and numerous acid-fast bacilli, which were later identified as M. marinum using conventional biochemical tests and by the characteristic gas-liquid chromatogram of esterified cellular fatty acid. The wound healed completely after 7 months of treatment. The patient is still under treatment, and clarithromycin and ethambutol will be given for a total of 18 months.
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Lee CJ, Hsu HW, Chang YL. Performance characteristics of combined haemodialysis/haemoperfusion system for removal of blood toxins. Med Eng Phys 1997; 19:658-67. [PMID: 9457699 DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4533(96)00040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of high clearance haemodialysis (HD) for removal of small molecules of waste metabolites, has been practised for many years. Haemoperfusion (HP) is capable of effective removal of middle and protein-bound molecules. The combined HD/HP system is thought to give a more effective treatment for patients of renal failure or drug intoxication. This paper discusses the performance characteristics of removal of toxic substances (e.g. paraquat and creatinine), using the combined HD/HP recycled system in two different arrangements (HD-HP and HP-HD). The results demonstrate that for most favourable adsorbing solutes, the HD-HP arrangement gives higher performance whereas, HP-HD arrangement is more suitable and gives more effective detoxication characteristics for unfavourable adsorbing solutes.
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Lu HF, Sheu BC, Shih JC, Chang YL, Torng PL, Huang SC. Intramural ectopic pregnancy. Sonographic picture and its relation with adenomyosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997; 76:886-9. [PMID: 9351419 DOI: 10.3109/00016349709024372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chen JC, Chang YL, Luh SP, Lee JM, Lee YC. Surgical treatment for pulmonary aspergilloma: a 28 year experience. Thorax 1997; 52:810-3. [PMID: 9371213 PMCID: PMC1758650 DOI: 10.1136/thx.52.9.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary aspergilloma has been treated surgically for many years but the mortality rates of larger surgical series, varying from 7% to 23%, is not considered acceptable by today's standards. The authors report their experience in the surgical treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma and present a review of the literature. METHODS Sixty seven patients who underwent thoracotomy for pulmonary aspergilloma from 1968 to 1995 were studied retrospectively by reviewing their medical records. RESULTS The most common clinical presentation of pulmonary aspergilloma was haemoptysis which occurred in 61 patients (91.0%). Tuberculosis was the most common pre-existing disease, occurring in 54 patients (80.6%). The plain chest radiograph showed the typical "air-crescent" sign in 36 patients (53.7%). Systemic antifungal therapy neither palliated the clinical symptoms nor eradicated the aspergilloma, and transarterial embolisation was also unsuccessful. Surgery offered the only chance of cure for both unilateral and bilateral disease. Procedures varied from segmentectomy to pneumonectomy with most (61.4%) undergoing lobectomy. There was one death following surgery from pneumonia and 15 postoperative complications occurred in 12 patients-empyema (7), massive bleeding (3), bronchopleural fistula (2), wound infection (2), and Horner's syndrome (1). Postoperatively, most of the patients were symptom-free. CONCLUSIONS With appropriate preoperative evaluation and judicious surgical technique, surgery is the preferred treatment for pulmonary aspergilloma, both for eradicating the tumour and for curing the underlying disease.
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Sheen TS, Tsai CC, Ko JY, Chang YL, Hsu MM. Undifferentiated carcinoma of the major salivary glands. Cancer 1997; 80:357-63. [PMID: 9241068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated carcinoma of the salivary glands is a rare disease, the incidence of which is highest among the Inuit of Greenland and North America. It was demonstrated to be closely related to Epstein- Barr virus (EBV) infection. However, the relation of EBV to this tumor has not been studied to any great extent here in Taiwan because of the small number of cases. METHODS Twelve cases of undifferentiated carcinoma of the salivary glands from the period 1977-1996 were retrieved from the cancer registry at National Taiwan University Hospital. The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively based on the medical records. Eleven formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections were used for in situ hybridization with an antisense probe complementary to EBV-encoded RNA 1 (EBER1). RESULTS Ten of 12 tumors originated from the parotid gland and 2 from the submandibular gland. The patients' ages ranged from 22 to 63 years, with an average of 38.1 years. One patient was lost to follow-up, 2 patients died of metastatic disease, and the remaining 9 patients were all alive and disease free at last follow-up. The actuarial 5-year survival rate was 79.8%. In situ hybridization demonstrated EBER1 in 9 of the undifferentiated carcinomas with lymphoid stroma, but EBER1 was not demonstrated in the other 2 tumors without lymphoid stroma. CONCLUSIONS Undifferentiated carcinoma with lymphoid stroma of the major salivary glands is closely associated with EBV. The mainstay of treatment is surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. The outcomes in this series were good except for two elderly patients who died of rapid and progressive distant metastases.
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Teng CM, Hsueh CM, Chang YL, Ko FN, Lee SS, Liu KC. Antiplatelet effects of some aporphine and phenanthrene alkaloids in rabbits and man. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997; 49:706-11. [PMID: 9255715 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1997.tb06096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two aporphines (boldine and laurolitsine) and five phenanthrene alkaloids (litebamine, secoboldine, N-cyanosecoboldine, N-methylsecoglaucine and N-methylsecopredicentrine) were evaluated in-vitro for their ability to inhibit platelet aggregation. All seven alkaloids inhibited aggregation of rabbit platelets and inhibited the release of ATP induced by arachidonic acid and collagen in rabbit platelets. Those aggregations induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, U46619 and ADP were inhibited by the three N-substituted secoboldine derivatives only. Thromboxane B2 formation caused by arachidonic acid was also suppressed by these compounds. They did not affect the generation of [3H]inositol monophosphate caused by collagen, PAF and thrombin in the presence of indomethacin. Platelet cyclic AMP level was unaffected by litebamine, but was increased by N-methylsecoglaucine. Litebamine suppressed the secondary aggregation, but not the primary aggregation, induced by ADP and adrenaline in platelet-rich plasma from man, whereas N-methylsecoglaucine inhibited both primary and secondary aggregation. It is concluded that the antiplatelet effect of these seven aporphine and phenanthrene alkaloids is mainly a result of inhibition of thromboxane A2 formation; N-methylsecoglaucine has additional antiplatelet activity as a result of increasing the levels of platelet cyclic AMP.
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Yen KL, Hsu LP, Sheen TS, Chang YL, Hsu MH. Salvage neck dissection for cervical recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY--HEAD & NECK SURGERY 1997; 123:725-9. [PMID: 9236592 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1997.01900070069011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of salvage neck dissection as part of a multidisciplinary treatment approach in persistent or recurrent metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, after failure of initial radiotherapy at the regional site. DESIGN A retrospective study of 31 patients treated during a 14-year period from March 1981 through May 1995, with a maximum follow-up of 152 months. Factors evaluated include patients' sex, age, and initial stage of tumor, mobility and number of nodal recurrences, surgical and pathological findings, and postoperative irradiation. SETTING Academic tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Twenty-six men and 5 women were studied; one patient had neck dissection to both sides of the neck on separate occasions, for a total of 32 operations. All patients had pathologically proved nasopharyngeal carcinoma and had been previously treated at the primary site and both sides of the neck with definitive radiotherapy. INTERVENTION Patients underwent a radical, modified radical, or level I-sparing radical neck dissection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Surgical morbidity, time to recurrence at the regional site, and survival time. RESULTS Clinically, there was a disease predilection of 81% at levels II and V. Surgical morbidity was minimal. Regional control was achieved in 20 (65%) of the patients, and the overall 5-year survival was 67%. Tumor involvement of the posterior triangle musculature and spinal accessory nerve was associated with failure to control neck disease. Extracapsular nodal extension correlated with a poor survival outcome. CONCLUSION Control of regional disease by salvage neck dissection when radiotherapy has failed is both safe and effective in properly selected patients.
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Chang YL, Sohn HS, Chan KC, Berdanier CD, Hargrove JL. Low dietary protein impairs blood coagulation in BHE/cdb rats. J Nutr 1997; 127:1279-83. [PMID: 9202080 DOI: 10.1093/jn/127.7.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of dietary protein on blood coagulation tests was evaluated in BHE/cdb rats. Three experiments were conducted in order to compare effects of diets with low (8 g/100 g diet) or high (38 g/100 g diet) protein, to establish values for coagulation tests at intermediate (12-30 g/100 g diet) concentrations of dietary protein, and to compare feeding identical quantities of diets with 8 g protein/100 g diet vs. 18 g protein/100 g diet. After 4 wk of feeding the semipurified diets, bleeding time exceeded 15 min in the groups fed low protein diets, compared to a range of 3-6 min for the groups fed high protein diets. Several in vitro tests of coagulation were abnormal in the rats fed low protein diets. For example, prothrombin time averaged 27 +/- 8 s in rats fed 8 g protein/100 g diet plus beef tallow, but 17 +/- 1 s in rats fed 38 g protein/100 g diet plus tallow. The coagulation deficit in rats fed low protein was not affected by fat source (tallow vs. menhaden oil), but fibrinogen was elevated in rats fed diets with menhaden oil. Conversely, no differences in coagulation tests were observed among rats fed 12-30 g protein/100 g diet. Bleeding times ranged from 7 to 9 min, and prothrombin time was 17-18 s. Significant differences in plasma fibrinogen concentration and prothrombin time were observed in rats fed 8 vs. 18 g protein/100 g diet at a fixed rate of 6 g/100 g body weight. Platelet and blood cell numbers were unaffected by dietary protein. The evidence for multiple deficits in the coagulation system suggests that hepatic function in BHE/cdb rats may become impaired when the rats are fed low protein diets of the composition used here.
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Liu MY, Chang YL, Ma J, Yang HL, Hsu MM, Chen CJ, Chen JY, Yang CS. Evaluation of multiple antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus as markers for detecting patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Med Virol 1997; 52:262-9. [PMID: 9210034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Five serological tests were assessed for their sensitivity for screening and early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The tests included the detection of antibodies to various gene products of EBV: viral capsid antigen (VCA) using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (FA), DNase using an activity neutralisation test (NT), Dnase using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), DNA polymerase (DP) using NT, and major DNA binding protein (MDBP) by ELISA. Sera from 100 NPC outpatients and 20 NPC patients, who were detected in a prospective study, were examined. The results showed that levels of antibody to DNase detected by ELISA and to DP detected by NT and the positivity rate for VCA by FA increased with NPC stage. More species of EBV antibody became detectable as NPC progressed. The detection of anti-MDBP antibody by ELISA was suitable for screening for NPC. Anti-DP antibody detected by NT was a valuable marker both for early detection and prognosis of NPC. Detection of anti-DNase antibody by ELISA was the most sensitive method for detection of NPC. No single test was sufficient to detect all the NPC patients and a combination of anti-DNase by ELISA with other tests are recommended to identify NPC patients.
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Hsu MM, Ko JY, Sheen TS, Chang YL. Salvage surgery for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY--HEAD & NECK SURGERY 1997; 123:305-9. [PMID: 9076238 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1997.01900030087011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of salvage surgery for patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at the primary site after radiotherapy. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of 24 patients treated by transpalatal, transmaxillary, or transmandibular approach to resect the recurrent tumor, with maximum follow-up of 50 months. SETTING Academic tertiary referral center. RESULTS Radiotherapy before salvage surgery included 1 to 3 courses of radiation to the nasopharynx, with doses ranging from 60 to 190 Gy. Eighteen (75%) of the patients relapsed within 2 years, and 6 (25%) relapsed more than 6 years after the last irradiation. In 4 of 6 late-relapsing cases, the histopathological type changed to keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, which is rare in cases of NPC in Taiwan. Fourteen patients (58%) survived for 8 to 50 months after surgery (median, 18 months). The surgical complications were tolerable. CONCLUSIONS Salvage surgery is feasible in selected patients with recurrent disease at the primary site. Thus, we can offer alternative retreatment in addition to external irradiation for patients with recurrent NPC.
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Teng CM, Kang YF, Chang YL, Ko FN, Yang SC, Hsu FL. ADP-mimicking platelet aggregation caused by rugosin E, an ellagitannin isolated from Rosa rugosa Thunb. Thromb Haemost 1997; 77:555-61. [PMID: 9066010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Among the nine ellagitannins, rugosin E was the most potent platelet aggregating agent with an EC50 of 1.5 +/- 0.1 microM in rabbit platelets and 3.2 +/- 0.1 microM in human platelets. The aggregations caused by rugosin E and ADP were inhibited by EGTA, PGE1, mepacrine, sodium nitroprusside and neomycin, but not by indomethacin, verapamil, TMB-8, BN52021 and GR32191B. Rugosin E-induced thromboxane formation was suppressed by indomethacin, EGTA, PGE1, verapamil, mepacrine, TMB-8 and neomycin. ADP-scavenging agents, such as CP/CPK and apyrase inhibited concentration-dependently ADP (20 microM)-, but not rugosin E (5 microM)-induced platelet aggregation. In thrombin (0.1 U/ml)-treated and degranulated platelets, rugosin E and ADP still caused 63.5 +/- 3.0% and 61.2 +/- 3.5% of platelet aggregation, respectively. Selective ADP receptor antagonists, ATP and FSBA inhibited rugosin E- and ADP-induced platelet aggregations in a concentration-dependent manner. Both rugosin E and ADP did not induce platelet aggregation in ADP (1 mM)-desensitized platelets. In contrast to ADP, rugosin E did not decrease cAMP formation in washed rabbit platelets. Both rugosin E and ADP did not cause phosphoinositide breakdown in [3H]myo-inositol-labeled rabbit platelets. In fura-2/AM-load platelets, both rugosin E and ADP induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration and these responses were inhibited by ATP and PGE1. All these data suggest that rugosin E may be an ADP receptor agonist in rabbit platelets.
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Fang CT, Chang SC, Tang IL, Hsueh PR, Chang YL, Hung CC, Chen YC. Fusarium solani fungemia in a bone marrow transplant recipient. J Formos Med Assoc 1997; 96:129-33. [PMID: 9071840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Disseminated Fusarium solani infection, with its distinctive skin lesions, is an emerging cause of mortality in bone marrow transplant recipients worldwide. However, it has never been reported before in Taiwan. We report a 21-year-old man with disseminated fusariosis who developed fever, myalgia and generalized erythematous papules on day 8 after undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia. Histopathology of the skin lesion revealed mycotic emboli. Cultures of both blood and tissue from skin biopsy grew Fusarium solani. Despite amphotericin B therapy, fever persisted and graft failure developed. A second transplantation, using mobilized peripheral blood stem cells from the same donor, was tried but the patient died of progressive multiple organ failure before any evidence of engraftment.
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Lin YL, Lin MT, Huang GT, Chang YL, Chang H, Wang SM, How SW. Acute pancreatitis masquerading as testicular torsion. Am J Emerg Med 1996; 14:654-5. [PMID: 8906763 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-6757(96)90081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A 40-year-old man presented with fat necrosis of scrotum as the complication of acute pancreatitis. Excessive fluid accumulation in the pancreas and the extrapancreatic spaces, including around the spermatic cord, was seen on computed tomography. Surgical specimen showed typical fat necrosis of tunica vaginalis and the spermatic cord. After the surgery, pain of the testicle subsided completely, without recurrence. From the clinical presentation alone, it had been difficult to differentiate this patient's condition from torsion of the spermatic cord.
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Lee YC, Chang DB, Lee JM, Luh SP, Kuo SH, Chang YL, Lee CJ. Nucleolar organizer regions as a prognostic factor in surgically treated lung cancer patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996; 44:204-7. [PMID: 8896164 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1012017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The prognostic value of the number of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) (DNA loops in the nucleus) in tumor cells from various kinds of malignancies has been widely studied in recent years. During the period 1989 to 1992, a total of 73 primary lung tumors was examined for the number of NORs by silver staining AgNOR proteins on the stump smear of resected specimens in this hospital. The relations of the mean number of AgNOR per cell with other factors such as sex, age, habit of smoking, performance status, tumor location, tumor size, pathological stage, histological type, degree of differentiation, and whether histologically vascular or lymphatic invasion were analysed. It was found that the mean number of AgNOR was significantly different between positives and negatives of histologically vascular or lymphatic invasion (6.4 +/- 0.4 vs 5.5 +/- 0.2) (p < 0.05). Both single and multiple-variate analysis of patient survival revealed that the mean number of AgNOR was a significant prognostic factor, as were pathological stage, histological type, and performance status of the patient. Patients with a higher mean number of AgNOR (> 7) had a significantly worse prognosis compared with those with less AgNOR (< or = 7) (median survival 28 versus 43 months) (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the mean number of AgNOR of tumor cells is a significant prognostic factor in surgically treated lung cancer patients.
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Shih JY, Wang HC, Chang YL, Chang YC, Lee YC, Yang PC. Echogenic floating spherules as a sonographic sign of cystic teratoma of mediastinum: correlation with CT and pathologic findings. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 1996; 15:603-605. [PMID: 8839409 DOI: 10.7863/jum.1996.15.8.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Ko FN, Chang YL, Chen CM, Teng CM. (+/-)-Govadine and (+/-)-THP, two tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids, as selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 1996; 48:629-34. [PMID: 8832499 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1996.tb05986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
(+/-)-Govadine and (+/-)-THP ((+/-)-2,3,10,11-tetrahydroxytetrahydroprotoberberine HBr) have been shown to inhibit noradrenaline-induced contraction of rat thoracic aortae. The pharmacological activity of the compounds was determined in thoracic aortae and cardiac tissue isolated from the rat and in trachea isolated from the guinea-pig to determine the selectivity of the compounds towards different types of receptor. (+/-)-Govadine and (+/-)-THP were found to be alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking agents in rat thoracic aorta as revealed by their competitive antagonism of vasoconstriction induced by noradrenaline (pA2 = 6.57 +/- 0.07 and 5.93 +/- 0.06, respectively) or phenylephrine (pA2 = 6.74 +/- 0.08 and 6.06 +/- 0.10, respectively). Removal of endothelium did not affect the antagonistic potencies of (+/-)-govadine (pA2 = 6.83 +/- 0.09) and (+/-)-THP (pA2 = 6.25 +/- 0.06) on phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction. They were more potent than yohimbine (pA2 = 6.05 +/- 0.05), but less so than phentolamine (pA2 = 7.54 +/- 0.11) and prazosin (pA2 = 9.27 +/- 0.12). (+/-)-Govadine and (+/-)-THP, furthermore, inhibited [3H]inositol monophosphate formation caused by noradrenaline (3 microM) in rat thoracic aorta. (+/-)-Govadine and (+/-)-THP were also alpha 2-adrenoceptor blocking agents with pA2 values 5.50 +/- 0.13 and 5.41 +/- 0.11, respectively. A high concentration of (+/-)-govadine (30 microM) or (+/-)-THP (30 microM) did not, however, affect the contraction induced by the thromboxane receptor agonist U46619, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), angiotensin II, endothelin or high K+ in rat aorta denuded of endothelium. Neither the cyclic AMP nor cyclic GMP content of rat thoracic aorta was, furthermore, changed by (+/-)-govadine or (+/-)-THP. Contraction of guinea-pig trachea caused by carbachol, histamine, leukotriene C4 or neurokinin A was not affected by (+/-)-govadine or (+/-)-THP. (+/-)-Govadine or (+/-)-THP also did not block beta 1- or beta 2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses induced by isoprenaline in rat right atria and guinea-pig trachea. It is concluded that (+/-)-govadine and (+/-)-THP are selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists in vascular smooth muscle.
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DeAndrade JR, Maslanka M, Reines HD, Howe D, Rasmussen GL, Cardea J, Brown J, Bynum L, Shefrin A, Chang YL, Maneatis T. Ketorolac versus meperidine for pain relief after orthopaedic surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1996:301-12. [PMID: 8998891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this double-blind, randomized, multicenter study, 244 patients with at least moderate pain after major orthopaedic surgery received intramuscular Ketorolac (60 mg followed by 30 mg) or intramuscular meperidine (100 mg or placebo) every 2 to 6 hours as needed for as many as 5 days. Analgesic response was evaluated for 6 hours after initial study drug administration and thereafter each night at bedtime. Both active treatment groups had similar 3-hour summed pain intensity difference and 3-hour total pain relief scores after the first dose that were superior to placebo. The 6-hour summed pain intensity difference and total pain relief scores were significantly higher with Ketorolac than with meperidine or placebo. The mean daily categorical pain intensity scores were comparable with Ketorolac and meperidine, and both were significantly superior to placebo. Patient ratings of overall medication efficacy were significantly better with Ketorolac than with meperidine. In both patient and observer evaluations, Ketorolac was significantly better tolerated than meperidine, and the number of patients reporting adverse events was lower with Ketorolac than with meperidine. Following major orthopaedic surgery, Ketorolac provided effective analgesia that was superior to placebo and at least comparable with meperidine. Ketorolac was better tolerated than meperidine.
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Chang YL, Lin SZ, Chiang YH, Liu MY, Lee WH. Pineal ganglioglioma with premature thelarche. Report of a case and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 1996; 12:103-6. [PMID: 8674076 DOI: 10.1007/bf00819507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of a 6-year-old girl with a ganglioglioma in the pineal region presenting with a rare clinical picture of premature thelarche. Intracranial gangliogliomas are rare, especially in the pineal region. Their character, origin, treatment, and prognosis remain controversial. The pathophysiology of precocious puberty associated with pineal ganglioglioma is discussed.
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Chang YL, King BO, O'Connor M, Mazo A, Huang DH. Functional reconstruction of trans regulation of the Ultrabithorax promoter by the products of two antagonistic genes, trithorax and Polycomb. Mol Cell Biol 1995; 15:6601-12. [PMID: 8524225 PMCID: PMC230913 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.15.12.6601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of the "on-off" state of Drosophila homeotic genes in Antennapedia and bithorax complexes requires activities of the trithorax and Polycomb groups of genes. To identify cis-acting sequences for functional reconstruction of regulation by both trithorax and Polycomb, we examined the expression patterns of several Ubx-lacZ transgenes that carry upstream fragments corresponding to a region of approximately 50 kb. A 14.5-kb fragment from the postbithorax/bithoraxoid region of Ultrabithorax exhibited proper regulation by both trithorax and Polycomb in the embryonic central nervous system. Using a Drosophila haploid cell line for transient expression, we found that trithorax or Polycomb can function independently through this upstream fragment to activate or repress the Ultrabithorax promoter, respectively. Studies of deletion mutants of trithorax and Polycomb demonstrated that trithorax-dependent activation requires the central zinc-binding domain, while Polycomb-dependent repression requires the intact chromodomain. In addition, trithorax-dependent activity can be abrogated by increasing the amount of Polycomb, suggesting a competitive interaction between the products of trithorax and Polycomb. Deletion analysis of this fragment demonstrated that a 440-bp fragment contains response elements for both trithorax and Polycomb. Furthermore, we showed that the integrity of the proximal promoter region is essential for trithorax-dependent activation, implicating a long-range interaction for promoter activation.
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Chen IS, Chen JJ, Tsai IL, Chang YL, Teng CM. New p-quinonoid aporphine alkaloids and antiplatelet aggregation constituents of Hernandia sonora. PLANTA MEDICA 1995; 61:537-539. [PMID: 8824949 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-959366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Three minor new p-quinonoid aporphine alkaloids, sonodione (1), demethylsonodione (2), and norsonodione (3), have been additionally isolated from the stem bark of Hernandia sonora. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectral analysis. Among the isolates obtained till now, five compounds, ovigerine (4), hernangerine (5), N-methylhernangerine (6), (+)-malekulatine (7), and isovanillin (8) showed moderate antiplatelet aggregation activity in vitro.
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Paterson AH, Schertz KF, Lin YR, Liu SC, Chang YL. The weediness of wild plants: molecular analysis of genes influencing dispersal and persistence of johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:6127-31. [PMID: 11607551 PMCID: PMC41655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.13.6127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many major weeds rely upon vegetative dispersal by rhizomes and seed dispersal by "shattering" of the mature inflorescence. We report molecular analysis of these traits in a cross between cultivated and wild species of Sorghum that are the probable progenitors of the major weed "johnsongrass." By restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping, variation in the number of rhizomes producing above-ground shoots was associated with three quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Variation in regrowth (ratooning) after overwintering was associated with QTLs accounting for additional rhizomatous growth and with QTLs influencing tillering. Vegetative buds that become rhizomes are similar to those that become tillers--one QTL appears to influence the number of such vegetative buds available, and additional independent genes determine whether individual buds differentiate into tillers or rhizomes. DNA markers described herein facilitate cloning of genes associated with weediness, comparative study of rhizomatousness in other Poaceae, and assessment of gene flow between cultivated and weedy sorghums--a risk that constrains improvement of sorghum through biotechnology. Cloning of "weediness" genes may create opportunities for plant growth regulation, in suppressing propagation of weeds and enhancing productivity of major forage, turf, and "ratoon" crops.
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Hsu MM, Chen YJ, Chang YL, Ko JY, Sheen TS. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor as a clinical parameter for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1995; 13:1-4. [PMID: 7488337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated whether the serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) may be a parameter to monitor the efficacy of treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). There were 177 NPC patients and 24 healthy controls. The level of sIL-2R was measured with a sandwich ELISA kit. Higher levels of sIL-2R than for controls were found in NPC patients before treatment and in patients with distant metastasis (p < 0.001). There was, however, no difference in sIL-2R levels between controls and NPC patients after radiotherapy in relapse-free or in primary relapse. The sIL-2R levels in sequential testing revealed good correlation with clinical response. The sIL-2R levels were found to be elevated when distant metastasis was detected. Two patients had elevated sIL-2R level up to 5 months before clinical detection of metastasis. These results indicate that serial measurements of sIL-2R levels are worthwhile for NPC patients in their clinical course. The sIL-2R level proved to be an adjunct clinical parameter to monitor the efficacy of treatment of NPC.
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Abstract
The amino acid sequence of the rat 60S ribosomal subunit protein L15 was deduced from the sequence of nucleotides in two recombinant cDNAs. Ribosomal protein L15 has 203 amino acids, the NH2-terminal methionine is removed after translation of the mRNA, and has a molecular weight of 24,000. Hybridization of the cDNA to digests of nuclear DNA suggests that there are 13 to 15 copies of the L15 gene. The mRNA for the protein is about 850 nucleotides in length. Rat L15 is related to ribosomal proteins from other eukaryotes. Rat L15 has the hexapeptide, TYKFFE, that also occurs in the amyloidogenic glycoprotein A4 which is associated with Alzheimer's disease and Down's Syndrome.
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Hsu MM, Chang YL, Ko JY, Chen CL, Kao YF. Epstein-Barr virus harboring in the parotid gland without tumor association. J Formos Med Assoc 1994; 93:104-9. [PMID: 7912579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and tumors of the major salivary gland. EBV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in parotid secretions in 56% of patients (n = 32) regardless of the presence of tumors in the parotid gland and in tumor tissues in 19% of surgical specimens (n = 21). By Southern blot-hybridization analysis, we found type A EBV in three patients and type B EBV in one patient. In situ hybridization for EBV genome was positive in surgical specimens of salivary glands in 33% of patients (n = 21). Our results suggest that this virus may not play a role in the pathogenesis of most tumors of the major salivary gland. However, two patients with lymphoepithelial carcinoma were found to have a close relationship to EBV as shown by high titers of antibodies in the sera against EBV related antigens by standard immunofluorescent technique and by the presence of many copies of EBV genome in tumor cells using in situ hybridization.
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Lee CJ, Hsiong CH, Chang YL, Cheng CH, Lian JD. Statistical and parametric analysis of beta-2-microglobulin removal from uremic patients in high flux hemodialysis. ASAIO J 1994; 40:62-6. [PMID: 8186494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-2-microglobulin (beta 2M) associated amyloidosis has been seen in patients with chronic renal failure after long-term hemodialysis. However, the exact mechanism of beta 2M formation and accumulation is not clinically understood. In this investigation, the formation and removal kinetics of beta 2M were studied by compartmental modeling of a patient dialyzer system. Statistical and parametric analyses of model equations, coupled with clinical data from selected patients, enabled us to predict the behavior and influence of membrane materials upon the clearance characteristics of beta 2M during and between hemodialysis treatments.
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144
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Chang YL, Li X. Adaptive image region-growing. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING SOCIETY 1994; 3:868-872. [PMID: 18296257 DOI: 10.1109/83.336259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Proposes a simple, yet general and powerful, region-growing framework for image segmentation. The region-growing process is guided by regional feature analysis; no parameter tuning or a priori knowledge about the image is required. To decide if two regions should be merged, instead of comparing the difference of region feature means with a predefined threshold, the authors adaptively assess region homogeneity from region feature distributions. This results in an algorithm that is robust with respect to various image characteristics. The merge criterion also minimizes the number of merge rejections and results in a fast region-growing process that is amenable to parallelization.
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145
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Jiang MJ, Chan CF, Chang YL. Intracellular calcium and myosin light chain phosphorylation during U46619-activated vascular contraction. Life Sci 1994; 54:2005-13. [PMID: 7515455 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(94)90135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between [Ca2+]i, myosin light chain (LC20) phosphorylation and isometric force in guinea pig aortic strips during contractions activated by a thromboxane A2 analogue, (15S)-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5Z, 13E-dienoic acid (U46619). Isometric force and [Ca2+]i were measured simultaneously using preloaded aequorin as the intracellular calcium indicator. LC20 phosphorylation levels were determined by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in parallel preparations. Contractions induced by U46619 were accompanied by increases in [Ca2+]i and LC20 phosphorylation. The chelation of extracellular calcium with 2.5 mM EGTA significantly inhibited U46619-induced increases in [Ca2+]i, isometric force and LC20 phosphorylation. Steady-state force assumed a similar dependence on LC20 phosphorylation for contractions stimulated by potassium depolarization, alpha 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine and U46619 either in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium. On the contrary, the [Ca2+]i/force relation revealed that both U46619 and phenylephrine stimulated greater isometric force at lower [Ca2+]i than did KCl depolarization. The addition of a protein kinase C inhibitor, 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), decreases force without significantly affecting either [Ca2+]i or LC20 phosphorylation levels. These results suggest that in guinea pig aortic smooth muscle U46619 increases the calcium sensitivity of the contractile apparatus but does not change the LC20 phosphorylation/force relation in comparison to K+ depolarization. Protein kinase C is activated during U46619-stimulated contraction and might be involved in mechanisms other than LC20 phosphorylation.
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146
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Szewczak AA, Moore PB, Chang YL, Wool IG. The conformation of the sarcin/ricin loop from 28S ribosomal RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:9581-5. [PMID: 8415744 PMCID: PMC47613 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The sarcin/ricin loop is a highly conserved sequence found in the RNA of all large ribosomal subunits. The cytotoxins alpha-sarcin and ricin both inactivate ribosomes by cleaving a single bond in that loop. Once it has been attacked, ribosomes no longer interact with elongation factors properly, and translation stops. We have determined the conformation of the sarcin/ricin loop by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy using E73, a 29-nucleotide RNA that has the sarcin/ricin loop sequence and that is sensitive to both toxins in vitro. The sarcin/ricin loop has a compact structure that contains several purine.purine base pairs, a GAGA tetraloop, and a bulged guanosine adjacent to a reverse Hoogsteen A.U pair. It is stabilized by an unusual set of cross-strand base-stacking interactions and imino proton to phosphate oxygen hydrogen bonds. In addition to having interesting structural features, this model explains many of the biochemical observations made about the loop's structure and its reactivity with cytotoxins, and it sheds light on the loop's interactions with elongation factors.
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147
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Ko FN, Chang YL, Kuo YH, Lin YL, Teng CM. Daphnoretin, a new protein kinase C activator isolated from Wikstroemia indica C.A. Mey. Biochem J 1993; 295 ( Pt 1):321-7. [PMID: 8216237 PMCID: PMC1134857 DOI: 10.1042/bj2950321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Daphnoretin, a biologically active principle isolated from Wikstroemia indica C.A. Mey., caused platelet aggregation in washed rabbit platelets, platelet-rich plasma and whole blood. The aggregation of and ATP release from platelets induced by daphnoretin were similar to phorbol ester- and diacylglycerol-induced aggregation and release. The EC50 values of daphnoretin-, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu)- and 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG)-induced platelet aggregation in washed rabbit platelets were 17.2 +/- 2.8 microM, 20.6 +/- 2.1 nM and 38.6 +/- 1.7 microM respectively. Platelet aggregation induced by daphnoretin and PDBu was not inhibited by indomethacin, BN52021 or sodium nitroprusside. ADP-scavenging systems, apyrase and phosphocreatine/creatine kinase, showed weak inhibition of the aggregation, and EGTA, triflavin, verapamil and prostaglandin E1 markedly inhibited the aggregation. Staurosporine, a potent protein kinase C inhibitor, suppressed daphnoretin-, PDBu- and OAG-induced aggregation and ATP release in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values of staurosporine on daphnoretin (50 microM)-, PDBu (100 nM)- and OAG (50 microM)-induced aggregation were 37.7 +/- 8.3, 52.2 +/- 6.3 and 42.8 +/- 8.9 nM respectively. Daphnoretin did not cause significant thromboxane B2 formation in rabbit platelets. Neither daphnoretin nor PDBu caused [3H]inositol monophosphate formation or an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in myo-[3H]inositol-labelled and Fura-2-loaded platelets. Platelet cytosolic protein kinase C was activated by daphnoretin and PDBu in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 of 12.4 +/- 1.2 microM and 18.7 +/- 1.4 nM respectively. Membrane-associated protein kinase C activity was increased by either daphnoretin or PDBu. [3H]PDBu binding to washed rabbit platelets was inhibited by daphnoretin in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 45.2 +/- 5.2 microM. These results indicate that daphnoretin is a protein kinase C activator in rabbit platelets.
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148
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Lian JD, Cheng CH, Chang YL, Hsiong CH, Lee CJ. Clinical experience and model analysis on beta-2-microglobulin kinetics in high-flux hemodialysis. Artif Organs 1993; 17:758-63. [PMID: 8240067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1993.tb00627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Beta-2-microglobulin (beta 2M) is associated with amyloidosis. The study of beta 2M kinetics can provide information on the elimination of this uremic toxin. A beta 2M kinetic model modified from Gotch, considering the volume changes between intracellular, interstitial, and intravascular compartments and the generation stimulation and inhibition during hemodialysis is proposed. The clinical experiments on 8 stable hemodialysis patients treated with polysulfone (F80) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, BK2.1p) 3 times a week were conducted. There was an 18% decrease of beta 2M clearance in the period from 30 to 180 min with a time-averaged beta 2M clearance of 48 ml/min using polysulfone dialyzers (F80). In PMMA dialyzers, there was a 64% decrease of beta 2M clearance from 30 to 180 min with a time-averaged clearance of 56.3 ml/min. During hemodialysis, the generation rate was 0.379 mg/min in polysulfone and 0.828 mg/min in PMMA dialyzers. There was a stimulation generation of 0.309 mg/min in polysulfone and 0.749 mg/min in PMMA during hemodialysis. In conclusion, we provide a beta 2M kinetic model including volume changes, polymerization, generation stimulation, and inhibition that is similar to the human physiological condition. This model can be used for further clinical study.
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149
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Liu KS, Chang YL, Hayward SB, Gadgil AJ, Nero AV. The distribution of lifetime cumulative exposures to radon for California residents. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 1993; 3:165-79. [PMID: 8241780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of individual lifetime exposures to radon was estimated using data from studies on radon concentrations, mobility, and time-activity patterns in the state of California. The distributions of radon concentrations in various geographic regions were obtained from the results of year-long radon measurements of 310 residences. The mobility patterns were acquired through a survey of the moving histories of the members of 507 households. The indoor and outdoor time-activity data were collected for 1,780 individuals in 1,596 households. Based on these data, a computer simulation technique was used to estimate the distribution of radon exposures with a parametric (lognormal model) and a nonparametric approach (bootstrap method). The estimated average lifetime exposure for radon was 2,448 Bq.m-3.yr for the lognormal model and 2,487 Bq.m-3.yr for the bootstrap method. The standard deviation was 1,130 and 1,145 Bq.m-3.yr respectively. Assuming no move over the lifetime, the estimated average lifetime exposure to radon was 2,052 Bq.m-3.yr for the lognormal model and 2,078 Bq.m-3.yr for the bootstrap method, while the standard deviation increased to 1,378 Bq.m-3.yr for the lognormal model and 1,514 Bq.m-3.yr for the bootstrap method.
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150
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Pao CC, Tsai PL, Chang YL, Hsieh TT, Jin JY. Possible non-sexual transmission of genital human papillomavirus infections in young women. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1993; 12:221-2. [PMID: 8389707 DOI: 10.1007/bf01967118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses were detected by an in vitro enzymatic DNA amplification method in cells obtained from vulvar swabs of 9 of 61 (14.8%) young women without prior experience of sexual intercourse and in 7 of 57 (12.3%) young women with prior experience. The prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA in these two groups of women was not significantly different (x2 = 0.16, p > 0.5; 95% confidence interval -0.165 to 0.215). These results suggest that genital human papillomavirus is not sexually transmitted in all cases and that it may be acquired by modes other than sexual contact.
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