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Kang BJ, Jeon JM, Bhatia SK, Kim DH, Yang YH, Jung S, Yoon JJ. Two-Stage Bio-Hydrogen and Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production: Upcycling of Spent Coffee Grounds. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030681. [PMID: 36771983 PMCID: PMC9919241 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee waste is an abundant biomass that can be converted into high value chemical products, and is used in various renewable biological processes. In this study, oil was extracted from spent coffee grounds (SCGs) and used for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production through Pseudomonas resinovorans. The oil-extracted SCGs (OESCGs) were hydrolyzed and used for biohydrogen production through Clostridium butyricum DSM10702. The oil extraction yield through n-hexane was 14.4%, which accounted for 97% of the oil present in the SCGs. OESCG hydrolysate (OESCGH) had a sugar concentration of 32.26 g/L, which was 15.4% higher than that of the SCG hydrolysate (SCGH) (27.96 g/L). Hydrogen production using these substrates was 181.19 mL and 136.58 mL in OESCGH and SCGH media, respectively. The consumed sugar concentration was 6.77 g/L in OESCGH and 5.09 g/L in SCGH media. VFA production with OESCGH (3.58 g/L) increased by 40.9% compared with SCGH (2.54 g/L). In addition, in a fed-batch culture using the extracted oil, cell dry weight was 5.4 g/L, PHA was 1.6 g/L, and PHA contents were 29.5% at 24 h.
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Bhatia SK, Rajesh Banu J, Singh V, Kumar G, Yang YH. Algal biomass to biohydrogen: Pretreatment, influencing factors, and conversion strategies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 368:128332. [PMID: 36414137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen has gained attention as an alternative source of energy because of its non-polluting nature as on combustion it produces only water. Biological methods are eco-friendly and have benefits in waste management and hydrogen production simultaneously. The use of algal biomass as feedstock in dark fermentation is advantageous because of its low lignin content, high growth rate, and carbon-fixation ability. The major bottlenecks in biohydrogen production are its low productivity and high production costs. To overcome these issues, many advances in the area of biomass pretreatment to increase sugar release, understanding of algal biomass composition, and development of fermentation strategies for the complete recovery of nutrients are ongoing. Recently, mixed substrate fermentation, multistep fermentation, and the use of nanocatalysts to improve hydrogen production have increased. This review article evaluates the current progress in algal biomass pretreatment, key factors, and possible solutions for increasing hydrogen production.
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Ahirwar A, Das S, Das S, Yang YH, Bhatia SK, Vinayak V, Ghangrekar MM. Photosynthetic microbial fuel cell for bioenergy and valuable production: A review of circular bio-economy approach. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.102973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Jung HJ, Kim SH, Cho DH, Kim BC, Bhatia SK, Lee J, Jeon JM, Yoon JJ, Yang YH. Finding of Novel Galactose Utilizing Halomonas sp. YK44 for Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Production. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245407. [PMID: 36559775 PMCID: PMC9782037 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable bioplastic with potential applications as an alternative to petroleum-based plastics. However, efficient PHB production remains difficult. The main cost of PHB production is attributed to carbon sources; hence, finding inexpensive sources is important. Galactose is a possible substrate for polyhydroxyalkanoate production as it is abundant in marine environments. Marine bacteria that produce PHB from galactose could be an effective resource that can be used for efficient PHB production. In this study, to identify a galactose utilizing PHB producer, we examined 16 Halomonas strains. We demonstrated that Halomonas cerina (Halomonas sp. YK44) has the highest growth and PHB production using a culture media containing 2% galactose, final 4% NaCl, and 0.1% yeast extract. These culture conditions yielded 8.98 g/L PHB (78.1% PHB content (w/w)). When galactose-containing red algae (Eucheuma spinosum) hydrolysates were used as a carbon source, 5.2 g/L PHB was produced with 1.425% galactose after treatment with activated carbon. Since high salt conditions can be used to avoid sterilization, we examined whether Halomonas sp. YK44 could produce PHB in non-sterilized conditions. Culture media in these conditions yielded 72.41% PHB content. Thus, Halomonas sp. YK44 is robust against contamination, allowing for long-term culture and economical PHB production.
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Ampil ER, Dizon MD, Co JAU, Ong PA, Annisafitrie FR, Saputra L, Hsieh SW, Yang YH. Mental Health of Healthcare Workers in Indonesia, Philippines, and Taiwan During COVID-19 Pandemic: a Cross-Sectional Survey. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 2022; 32:67-81. [PMID: 36578181 DOI: 10.12809/eaap2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine factors associated with hesitation and motivation to work among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Indonesia, Philippines, and Taiwan during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS HCWs aged ≥20 years working in five hospitals in Indonesia, Philippines, and Taiwan were invited to participate in a self-administered mental health survey between 30 January 2021 and 31 August 2021. The 33-item questionnaire measured HCWs' perceived stress, level of motivation and hesitation to work, attitude and confidence regarding work, attitude on the policies by the hospital and government, and discrimination against the occupation. Each item was rated in a 4-point Likert scale from 0 (never) to 3 (always). Sociodemographic and occupational factors were also considered in data analysis. RESULTS Of 1349 participants, 671 (49.7%) were from Indonesia, 365 (27.1%) from Philippines, and 313 (23.2%) from Taiwan. Overall, 20.8% of participants showed motivation to work and only 4.7% showed hesitation to work. Compared with HCWs in their 20s, HCWs in their 30s, 40s, and 50s had significantly lower hesitation to work (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.42, 0.33, and 0.11, respectively; p = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03, respectively). Similarly, compared with HCWs in their 20s, HCWs in their 30, 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s had significantly higher motivation to work (AOR = 1.71, 2.98, 5.92, 5.40, and 7.15, respectively; p = 0.01, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, and 0.02, respectively). Clinical staff had lower motivation to work than non-clinical staff (AOR = 0.60, p = 0.01). Those who worked in high-risk areas had lower hesitation to work than those who worked in low-risk areas (AOR = 0.51, p = 0.03). Overall, higher hesitation to work was associated with 'wanting to leave job/study' (AOR = 4.54, p = 0.03) and 'feeling isolated' (AOR = 4.84, p = 0.01), whereas lower hesitation to work was associated with 'being confident about the future of medical practice' (AOR = 0.33, p = 0.02) and 'burden of child care including lack of nursery' (AOR = 0.30, p = 0.04). Higher motivation to work was associated with 'feeling of being protected by hospital' (AOR = 2.23, p = 0.001), 'confident in my country's pandemic prevention policy' (AOR = 2.19, p = 0.001), 'feeling of elevated mood' (AOR = 4.14, p = 0.004), and 'being confident about the future of medical practice' (AOR = 2.56, p < 0.001), whereas lower motivation to work was associated with 'exhausted mentally' (AOR = 0.35, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Various stress-related factors contribute to hesitation and motivation to work among HCWs in Indonesia, Philippines, and Taiwan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proactive and practical strategies should be implemented to protect HCWs from the negative behavioural and emotional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Lee CM, Lee J, Kang MA, Kim HT, Lee J, Park K, Yang YH, Jang KY, Park SH. Linifanib induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells via activation of FOXO3 and reactive oxygen species. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Lee HS, Lee HJ, Kim B, Kim SH, Cho DH, Jung HJ, Bhatia SK, Choi KY, Kim W, Lee J, Lee SH, Yang YH. Inhibition of Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthesis in the Membrane of Halophilic Halomonas socia CKY01 by Kanamycin. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Kim B, Kim S, Cho DH, Jung H, Kim YG, Kim JS, Yang YH. Coproduction of exopolysaccharide and polyhydroxyalkanoates from Sphingobium yanoikuyae BBL01 using biochar pretreated plant biomass hydrolysate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127753. [PMID: 35944863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sphingobium yanoikuyae BBL01 can produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). The effect of side products (furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), vanillin, and acetate) produced during pretreatment of biomass was evaluated on S. yanoikuyae BBL01. It was observed that a certain concentration range (0.01-0.03 %) of these compounds can improve growth, EPS production, and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulation. The addition of HMF increases glucose and xylose utilization while other side products have a negative effect. The C/N of 5 favors EPS production (3.24 ± 0.05 g/L), while a higher C/N ratio of 30 promotes PHB accumulation (38.7 ± 0.08 % w/w), when commercial sugar is used as a carbon source. Pine biomass-derived biochar was able to remove 40 ± 2.1 % of total phenolic. Various biomass hydrolysates were evaluated and the use of detoxified pine biomass hydrolysate (DPH) as a carbon source resulted in the higher coproduction of EPS (2.83 ± 0.03 g/L) and PHB (40.8 ± 2.4 % w/w).
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Kim SH, Cho JY, Cho DH, Jung HJ, Kim BC, Bhatia SK, Park SH, Park K, Yang YH. Acceleration of Polybutylene Succinate Biodegradation by Terribacillus sp. JY49 Isolated from a Marine Environment. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193978. [PMID: 36235926 PMCID: PMC9571400 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is a bioplastic substitute for synthetic plastics that are made from petroleum-based products such as polyethylene and polypropylene. However, the biodegradation rate of PBS is still low and similar to that of polylactic acid (PLA). Moreover, our knowledge about degrader species is limited to a few fungi and mixed consortia. Here, to identify a bacterial degrader to accelerate PBS degradation, we screened and isolated Terribacillus sp. JY49, which showed significant degradability. In order to optimize solid and liquid culture conditions, the effect of factors such as temperature, additional carbon sources, and salt concentrations on degradation was confirmed. We observed a degradation yield of 22.3% after 7 days when adding 1% of glucose. Additionally, NaCl was added to liquid media, and degradation yield was decreased but PBS films were broken into pieces. Comparing the degree of PBS degradation during 10 days, the degradation yield was 31.4% after 10 days at 30 °C. Alteration of physical properties of films was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). In addition, Terribacillus sp. JY49 showed clear zones on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), polycaprolactone (PCL), and copolymers such as P(3HB-co-3HV) and P(3HV-co-4HB), exhibiting a broad spectrum of degradation activities on bioplastics. However, there was no significant difference in absorbance when esterase activity was examined for different types of bioplastics. Overall, Terribacillus sp. JY49 is a potential bacterial strain that can degrade PBS and other bioplastics, and this is the first report of Terribacillus sp. as a bioplastic degrader.
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Lee HJ, Kim B, Kim S, Cho DH, Jung H, Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Ahn J, Park JH, Choi KY, Yang YH. Controlling catabolite repression for isobutanol production using glucose and xylose by overexpressing the xylose regulator. J Biotechnol 2022; 359:21-28. [PMID: 36152769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Using lignocellulosic biomass is immensely beneficial for the economical production of biochemicals. However, utilizing mixed sugars from lignocellulosic biomass is challenging because of bacterial preference for specific sugar such as glucose. Although previous studies have attempted to overcome this challenge, no studies have been reported on isobutanol production from mixed sugars in the Escherichia coli strain. To overcome catabolite repression of xylose and produce isobutanol using mixed sugars, we applied the combination of three strategies: (1) deletion of the gene for the glucose-specific transporter of the phosphotransferase system (ptsG); (2) overexpression of glucose kinase (glk) and glucose facilitator protein (glf); and (3) overexpression of the xylose regulator (xylR). xylR gene overexpression resulted in 100% of glucose and 82.5% of xylose consumption in the glucose-xylose mixture (1:1). Moreover, isobutanol production increased by 192% in the 1:1 medium, equivalent to the amount of isobutanol produced using only glucose. These results indicate the effectiveness of xylR overexpression in isobutanol production. Our findings demonstrated various strategies to overcome catabolite repression for a specific product, isobutanol. The present study suggests that the selected strategy in E. coli could overcome the major challenge using lignocellulosic biomass to produce isobutanol.
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Lee SM, Cho DH, Jung HJ, Kim B, Kim SH, Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Jeon JM, Yoon JJ, Park JH, Park JH, Kim YG, Yang YH. Enhanced tolerance of Cupriavidus necator NCIMB 11599 to lignocellulosic derived inhibitors by inserting NAD salvage pathway genes. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1719-1729. [PMID: 36121506 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a bio-based, biodegradable and biocompatible plastic that has the potential to replace petroleum-based plastics. Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock for industrial fermentation to produce bioproducts such as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). However, the pretreatment processes of lignocellulosic biomass lead to the generation of toxic byproducts, such as furfural, 5-HMF, vanillin, and acetate, which affect microbial growth and productivity. In this study, to reduce furfural toxicity during PHB production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates, we genetically engineered Cupriavidus necator NCIMB 11599, by inserting the nicotine amide salvage pathway genes pncB and nadE to increase the NAD(P)H pool. We found that the expression of pncB was the most effective in improving tolerance to inhibitors, cell growth, PHB production and sugar consumption rate. In addition, the engineered strain harboring pncB showed higher PHB production using lignocellulosic hydrolysates than the wild-type strain. Therefore, the application of NAD salvage pathway genes improves the tolerance of Cupriavidus necator to lignocellulosic-derived inhibitors and should be used to optimize PHB production.
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Kwon JE, Jo SH, Song WS, Lee JS, Jeon HJ, Park JH, Kim YR, Baek JH, Kim MG, Kwon SY, Kim JS, Yang YH, Kim YG. Investigation of metabolic crosstalk between host and pathogenic Clostridioides difficile via multiomics approaches. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:971739. [PMID: 36118584 PMCID: PMC9478559 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.971739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that causes antibiotic-associated infections in the gut. C. difficile infection develops in the intestine of a host with an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota and, in severe cases, can lead to toxic megacolon, intestinal perforation, and even death. Despite its severity and importance, however, the lack of a model to understand host-pathogen interactions and the lack of research results on host cell effects and response mechanisms under C. difficile infection remain limited. Here, we developed an in vitro anaerobic-aerobic C. difficile infection model that enables direct interaction between human gut epithelial cells and C. difficile through the Mimetic Intestinal Host–Microbe Interaction Coculture System. Additionally, an integrative multiomics approach was applied to investigate the biological changes and response mechanisms of host cells caused by C. difficile in the early stage of infection. The C. difficile infection model was validated through the induction of disaggregation of the actin filaments and disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier as the toxin-mediated phenotypes following infection progression. In addition, an upregulation of stress-induced chaperones and an increase in the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway were identified in response to protein stress that occurred in the early stage of infection, and downregulation of proteins contained in the electron transfer chain and ATP synthase was observed. It has been demonstrated that host cell energy metabolism is inhibited through the glycolysis of Caco-2 cells and the reduction of metabolites belonging to the TCA cycle. Taken together, our C. difficile infection model suggests a new biological response pathway in the host cell induced by C. difficile during the early stage of infection at the molecular level under anaerobic-aerobic conditions. Therefore, this study has the potential to be applied to the development of future therapeutics through basic metabolic studies of C. difficile infection.
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Gurav R, Bhatia SK, Choi TR, Hyun Cho D, Chan Kim B, Hyun Kim S, Ju Jung H, Joong Kim H, Jeon JM, Yoon JJ, Yun J, Yang YH. Lignocellulosic hydrolysate based biorefinery for marine exopolysaccharide production and application of the produced biopolymer in environmental clean-up. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127499. [PMID: 35718248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with the utilization of lignocellulosic hydrolysate-based carbon source for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production using newly reported marine Echinicola sediminis BBL-M-12. This bacterium produced 7.56 g L-1 and 5.32 g L-1 of EPS on supplementing 30 g L-1 glucose and 10 g L-1 xylose as the sole carbon source, respectively. Whereas on feeding Miscanthus hydrolysate (MCH) with glucose content adjusting to 20 g L-1, E. sediminis BBL-M-12 produced 6.18 g L-1 of EPS. The inhibitors study showed bacterium could tolerate higher concentrations of fermentation inhibitors include furfural (0.05%), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (0.1%), vanillin (0.1%) and acetate (0.5%). Moreover, the EPS composition was greatly altered with the type and concentration of carbon source supplied, although β-D-Glucopyranose, β-D-Galactopyranose, and β-D-Xylopyranose were the dominant monomers detected. Interestingly, E. sediminis BBL-M-12 EPS revealed excellent environmental applications like clay flocculation, oil emulsification, and removal of humic acid, textile dye, and heavy metal from the aqueous phase.
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Kant Bhatia S, Ahuja V, Chandel N, Gurav R, Kant Bhatia R, Govarthanan M, Kumar Tyagi V, Kumar V, Pugazendhi A, Rajesh Banu J, Yang YH. Advances in algal biomass pretreatment and its valorisation into biochemical and bioenergy by the microbial processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127437. [PMID: 35680087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization and pollution are the major issues of the current time own to the exhaustive consumption of fossil fuels which have a detrimental effect on the nation's economies and air quality due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and shortage of energy reserves. Algae, an autotrophic organism provides a green substitute for energy as well as commercial products. Algal extracts become an efficient source for bioactive compounds having anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancerous potential. Besides the conventional approach, residual biomass from any algal-based process might act as a renewable substrate for fermentation. Likewise, lignocellulosic biomass, algal biomass can also be processed for sugar recovery by different pre-treatment strategies like acid and alkali hydrolysis, microwave, ionic liquid, and ammonia fiber explosion, etc. Residual algal biomass hydrolysate can be used as a feedstock to produce bioenergy (biohydrogen, biogas, methane) and biochemicals (organic acids, polyhydroxyalkanoates) via microbial fermentation.
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Cho JY, Kim SH, Cho DH, Jung HJ, Chan Kim B, Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Lee J, Park SH, Park K, Joo HS, Yang YH. Simultaneous monitoring of each component on degradation of blended bioplastic using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2022; 655:114832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Lee J, Kim J, Kim H, Park H, Kim JY, Kim EJ, Yang YH, Choi KY, Kim BG. Constructing multi-enzymatic cascade reactions for selective production of 6-bromoindirubin from tryptophan in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2938-2949. [PMID: 35876239 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
6-Bromoindirubin (6BrIR), found in Murex sea snails, is a precursor of indirubin-derivatives anticancer drugs. However, its synthesis remains limited due to uncharacterized biosynthetic pathways and difficulties in site-specific bromination and oxidation at indole ring. Here, we present an efficient 6BrIR production strategy in E. coli by using four enzymes, i.e., tryptophan 6-halogenase fused with flavin reductase Fre (Fre-L3-SttH), tryptophanase (TnaA), toluene 4-monooxygenase (PmT4MO) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (MaFMO). Although most indole oxygenases preferentially oxygenate the electronically active C3 position of indole, PmT4MO was newly characterized to perform C2 oxygenation of 6-bromoindole with 45 % yield to produce 6-bromo-2-oxindole. In addition, 6BrIR was selectively generated without indigo and indirubin byproducts by controlling the reducing power of cysteine and oxygen supply during the MaFMO reaction. These approaches led to 34.1 mg/L 6BrIR productions, making it possible to produce the critical precursor of the anticancer drugs only from natural ingredients such as tryptophan, NaBr and oxygen. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Luo JT, Yang YH, Liu YM, Li Y, Wei WB. [Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of 1 166 patients with uveal melanoma]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 58:529-534. [PMID: 35796126 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20210829-00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and survival of Chinese uveal melanoma (UM) patients. Methods: It was a retrospective case series study. Clinical data and demography characteristics of 1 166 UM patients who were diagnosed in Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2004 to January 2020 were collected. The disease was followed up after informed consent was obtained. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to visualize survival outcomes, and the different risk groups were compared using the Log-rank test. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to select independent prognostic risk factors. Results: A total of 1 166 individuals (598 men, 568 women) were included in this study. The average age was (47.6±12.2) years. Median follow-up time was 38 months. Treatment included episcleral brachytherapy in 881 (75.6%) patients, local tumor resection in 38 (3.2%) patients, laser therapy in 115 (9.9%) patients and primary enucleation in 119 (10.2%) patients. In 120 patients out of the 881 patients with primary brachytherapy, enucleation was performed due to an increasing tumor size or uncontrolled neovascular glaucoma. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the 5-and 10-year metastasis rates were 18.5% and 26.8%, and the melanoma-related mortality rates were 13.6% and 22.2%, respectively. The Log-rank test showed that patient age (χ²=5.01) and gender (χ²=7.19), as well as tumor grade (χ²=49.11), shape (χ²=34.73), location (χ²=18.60), pathological type (χ²=8.07), presence of subretinal fluid (χ²=15.71) and ciliary body involvement (χ²=19.72) were factors influencing patient prognoses (all P<0.05). In the multivariate Cox analysis, the T2, T3, T4 tumors (compared with the T1 tumor, HR=4.41, 6.82, 10.49), subretinal fluid (HR=1.98), ciliary body involvement (HR=1.79), being male (HR=1.53) and advanced age (greater than 53 years old) (HR=1.83) were independent risk factors for poor prognoses (all P<0.05). Conclusions: UM occurs at a significantly earlier age and non-pigmented tumors represent smaller proportion in Chinese patients. Higher T-stage, presence of subretinal fluid, ciliary body involvement, advanced age, and being male are independent risk factors for poor outcomes.
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Kim BC, Kim H, Lee HS, Kim SH, Cho DH, Jung HJ, Bhatia SK, Yune PS, Joo HS, Kim JS, Kim W, Yang YH. 4-Chloro-2-Isopropyl-5-Methylphenol Exhibits Antimicrobial and Adjuvant Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:730-739. [PMID: 35586930 PMCID: PMC9628901 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2203.03054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes severe infections and poses a global healthcare challenge. The utilization of novel molecules which confer synergistical effects to existing MRSA-directed antibiotics is one of the well-accepted strategies in lieu of de novo development of new antibiotics. Thymol is a key component of the essential oil of plants in the Thymus and Origanum genera. Despite the absence of antimicrobial potency, thymol is known to inhibit MRSA biofilm formation. However, the anti-MRSA activity of thymol analogs is not well characterized. Here, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of several thymol derivatives and found that 4-chloro-2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (chlorothymol) has antimicrobial activity against MRSA and in addition it also prevents biofilm formation. Chlorothymol inhibited staphyloxanthin production, slowed MRSA motility, and altered bacterial cell density and size. This compound also showed a synergistic antimicrobial activity with oxacillin against highly resistant S. aureus clinical isolates and biofilms associated with these isolates. Our results demonstrate that chlorinated thymol derivatives should be considered as a new lead compound in anti-MRSA therapeutics.
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Jeon JM, Park SJ, Son YS, Yang YH, Yoon JJ. Bioconversion of Mixed Alkanes to Polyhydroxyalkanoate by Pseudomonas resinovornas: Upcycling of Pyrolysis Oil from Waste-Plastic. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132624. [PMID: 35808670 PMCID: PMC9268961 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biodegradable plastic that can be used to replace petroleum-based plastic. In addition, as a medium-chain-length PHA (mcl-PHA), it can be used to provide elastomeric properties in specific applications. Because of these characteristics, recently, there has been much research on mcl-PHA production using inexpensive biomass materials as substrates. In this study, mcl-PHA producers were screened using alkanes (n-octane, n-decane, and n-dodecane) as sources of carbon. The amount of PHA produced by Pseudomonas resinovorans using sole n-octane, n-decane, or n-dodecane was 0.48 g/L, 0.27 g/L, or 0.07 g/L, respectively, while that produced using mixed alkane was 0.74 g/L. As a larger amount of PHA was produced using mixed alkane compared with sole alkane, a statistical mixture analysis was used to determine the optimal ratio of alkanes in the mixture. The optimal ratio predicted by the analysis was a medium with 9.15% n-octane, 6.44% n-decane, and 4.29% n-dodecane. In addition, through several concentration-specific experiments, the optimum concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus for cell growth and maximum PHA production were determined as 0.05% and 1.0%, respectively. Finally, under the determined optimal conditions, 2.1 g/L of mcl-PHA and 60% PHA content were obtained using P. resinovorans in a 7 L fermenter.
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70
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Chandel N, Ahuja V, Gurav R, Kumar V, Tyagi VK, Pugazhendhi A, Kumar G, Kumar D, Yang YH, Bhatia SK. Progress in microalgal mediated bioremediation systems for the removal of antibiotics and pharmaceuticals from wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153895. [PMID: 35182616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide demand for antibiotics and pharmaceutical products is continuously increasing for the control of disease and improvement of human health. Poor management and partial metabolism of these compounds result in the pollution of aquatic systems, leading to hazardous effects on flora, fauna, and ecosystems. In the past decade, the importance of microalgae in micropollutant removal has been widely reported. Microalgal systems are advantageous as their cultivation does not require additional nutrients: they can recover resources from wastewater and degrade antibiotics and pharmaceutical pollutants simultaneously. Bioadsorption, degradation, and accumulation are the main mechanisms involved in pollutant removal by microalgae. Integration of microalgae-mediated pollutant removal with other technologies, such as biodiesel, biochemical, and bioelectricity production, can make this technology more economical and efficient. This article summarizes the current scenario of antibiotic and pharmaceutical removal from wastewater using microalgae-mediated technologies.
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71
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Gurav R, Bhatia SK, Choi TR, Kim HJ, Choi YK, Lee HJ, Ham S, Cho JY, Kim SH, Lee SH, Yun J, Yang YH. Adsorptive removal of synthetic plastic components bisphenol-A and solvent black-3 dye from single and binary solutions using pristine pinecone biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134034. [PMID: 35183576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The existing study deals with adsorptive removal of the endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol-A and toxic azo dye solvent black-3 from single and binary solutions. These two chemicals are commonly used as an additive in the synthetic plastic industries. Among the tested twenty pristine and modified biochars, the pristine pinecone biochar produced at 750 °C revealed greater bisphenol-A removal. Simulation of the experimental data obtained for bisphenol-A and dye removal from the single-component solution offered a best-fit to Elovich (R2 > 0.98) and pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.99) kinetic models, respectively. Whereas for the bisphenol-A + dye removal from binary solution, the values for bisphenol-A adsorption were best suited to Elovich (R2 > 0.98), while pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.99) for dye removal. Similarly, the two-compartment model also demonstrated better values (R2 > 0.92) for bisphenol-A and dye removal from single and binary solutions with greater Ffast values (except for bisphenol-A in binary solution). The Langmuir isotherm model demonstrated the highest regression coefficient values (R2 > 0.99) for bisphenol-A and dye removal with the highest adsorption capacity of 38.387 mg g-1 and 346.856 mg g-1, correspondingly. Besides, the co-existence of humic acid revealed a positive impact on bisphenol-A removal, while the dye removal rate was slightly hindered in presence of humic acid. The absorption process showed monolayer coverage of biochar surface with contaminants using a chemisorption mechanism with fast reactions between functional groups on the adsorbate and adsorbent. Whereas the adsorption mechanism was primarily controlled by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and π-π electron-donor-acceptor interactions as confirmed by FTIR, XPS, and pH investigations.
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72
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Lee SM, Cho DH, Jung HJ, Kim B, Kim SH, Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Jeon JM, Yoon JJ, Kim W, Choi KY, Yang YH. Finding of novel polyhydroxybutyrate producer Loktanella sp. SM43 capable of balanced utilization of glucose and xylose from lignocellulosic biomass. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:809-818. [PMID: 35364206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a potential substitute for plastics derived from fossil fuels, owing to its biodegradable and biocompatible properties. Lignocellulosic biomass could be used to reduce PHB production costs; however, the co-utilization of sugars, such as glucose and xylose, without catabolite repression is a difficult problem to be solved. Here, we selected a novel Loktanella sp. SM43 from a marine environment and optimized the conditions for PHB production. Loktanella sp. SM43 showed high PHB production (66.5% content) from glucose. When glucose and xylose were used together, this strain showed high utilization of both substrates compared to other high PHB-producers such as Halomonas sp. and Cupriavidus necator, which showed glucose preference. Loktanella sp. SM43 showed high growth and PHB production with lignocellulosic hydrolysates. When pine tree hydrolysates were used, PHB production was the highest at 3.66 ± 0.01 g/L, followed by Miscanthus (3.46 ± 0.09 g/L) and barley straw hydrolysate (3.36 ± 0.36 g/L). Overall, these results reveal the potential of Loktanella sp. SM43 to produce PHB using various lignocellulosic hydrolysates as feedstock and the first systematic study for PHB production with Loktanella sp. The approach of screening novel strains is a strategy to overcome co-utilization of sugars without genetic engineering.
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Fan LG, Zhang KC, Cui P, Zong L, Wei W, Wang J, Cheng QS, Zhang JJ, Liu Y, Yang YH, Zhang MJ, Hu WQ. [History and present situation of seromuscular flap anastomosis in proximal gastrectomy]. ZHONGHUA WEI CHANG WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY 2022; 25:466-470. [PMID: 35599403 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20211019-00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing detection rate of early upper gastric cancer and adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction, the safety of proximal gastrectomy with clear indications has been verified, and function-preserving proximal gastrectomy has been widely used. However, proximal gastrectomy destructs the normal anatomical structure of esophagogastric junction, resulting in severe postoperative gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and seriously affecting the quality of life. Among various anti-reflux surgery methods, reconstruction of "cardiac valve" has always been the focus of relevant scholars because its similarity with the mechanism of normal anti-reflux. After years of development, evolution and optimization, the designed seromuscular flap anastomosis includes tunnel muscle flap anastomosis, Hatafuku valvuloplasty, single muscle flap anastomosis and double muscle flap anastomosis. The double muscle flap anastomosis has become a research hotspot because it shows good anti-reflux effect in clinical application. This paper reviews the history, research status and hot issues of seromuscular flap anastomosis of esophageal remnant stomach at home and abroad.
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Seo H, Giannone RJ, Yang YH, Trinh CT. Proteome reallocation enables the selective de novo biosynthesis of non-linear, branched-chain acetate esters. Metab Eng 2022; 73:38-49. [PMID: 35561848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The one-carbon recursive ketoacid elongation pathway is responsible for making various branched-chain amino acids, aldehydes, alcohols, and acetate esters in living cells. Controlling selective microbial biosynthesis of these target molecules at high efficiency is challenging due to enzyme promiscuity, regulation, and metabolic burden. In this study, we present a systematic modular design approach to control proteome reallocation for selective microbial biosynthesis of branched-chain acetate esters. Through pathway modularization, we partitioned the branched-chain ester pathways into four submodules including keto-isovalerate submodule for converting pyruvate to keto-isovalerate, ketoacid elongation submodule for producing longer carbon-chain keto-acids, ketoacid decarboxylase submodule for converting ketoacids to alcohols, and alcohol acyltransferase submodule for producing branched-chain acetate esters by condensing alcohols and acetyl-CoA. By systematic manipulation of pathway gene replication and transcription, enzyme specificity of the first committed steps of these submodules, and downstream competing pathways, we demonstrated selective microbial production of isoamyl acetate over isobutyl acetate. We found that the optimized isoamyl acetate pathway globally redistributed the amino acid fractions in the proteomes and required up to 23-31% proteome reallocation at the expense of other cellular resources, such as those required to generate precursor metabolites and energy for growth and amino acid biosynthesis. From glucose fed-batch fermentation, the engineered strains produced isoamyl acetate up to a titer of 8.8 g/L (>0.25 g/L toxicity limit), a yield of 0.22 g/g (61% of maximal theoretical value), and 86% selectivity, achieving the highest titers, yields and selectivity of isoamyl acetate reported to date.
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Cho JY, Park SL, Kim SH, Jung HJ, Cho DH, Kim BC, Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Park SH, Park K, Yang YH. Novel Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-degrading Bacillus sp. JY35 from wastewater sludge and its broad degradation of various bioplastics. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:1-10. [PMID: 35286847 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), a bioplastic consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, was developed to overcome the shortcomings of aliphatic and aromatic polyesters. Many studies report the use of PBAT as a blending material for improving properties of other bioplastics. However, there are few studies on microorganisms that degrade PBAT. We found six kinds of PBAT-degrading microorganisms from various soils. Among these, Bacillus sp. JY35 showed superior PBAT degradability and robustness to temperature. We monitored the degradation of PBAT films by Bacillus sp. JY35 using scanning electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. GC-MS was used to measure the PBAT film degradation rate at different temperatures and with additional NaCl and carbon sources. Certain additional carbon sources improve the growth of Bacillus sp. JY35. However, this did not increase PBAT film degradation. Time-dependent PBAT film degradation rates were measured during three weeks of cultivation, after which the strain achieved almost 50% degradation. Additionally, various bioplastics were applied to solid cultures to confirm the biodegradation range of Bacillus sp. JY35, which can degrade not only PBAT but also PBS, PCL, PLA, PHB, P(3HB-co-4HB), P(3HB-co-3HV), P(3HB-co-3HHx), and P(3HB-co-3HV-co-3HHx), suggesting its usability as a superior bioplastic degrader.
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