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Zhang Y, Guo Y, Li K, Zhang Z. Study on the removal of fulvic acid in water by potassium ferrate-enhanced iron-manganese co-oxide film and its mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:51. [PMID: 38227065 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The previous studies have shown that iron-manganese co-oxide film (MeOx) could simultaneously remove ammonium, manganese ion and bisphenol A. In this study, the removal of fulvic acid (FA) was explored by adding potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) to heighten the catalytic activity of MeOx. After adding about 3.0 mg/L potassium ferrate, the elimination efficiency of 7.0 mg/L FA by the MeOx increased from 20 to 50%. The effects of temperature and ammonium on the elimination of FA were investigated. Higher temperature (above 22 °C) and higher ammonium concentration (above 2.0 mg/L) caused a decrease in FA removal. Most of FA combined with the ferric hydroxide colloid produced by K2FeO4 in water to form macromolecular groups, and they were subsequently absorbed and covered on the surface of MeOx. Scanning electron microscope showed that more viscous flocs appeared on the surface of MeOx, and the film thickness became thicker. Electron energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis revealed a notable increased in the C-O element ratio and a significant decreased in the Mn-Fe element ratio on the surface of MeOx. From Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the content of transition metal carbonyl compounds increased in the surface of MeOx. XPS analysis confirmed that the presence of Fe3O4, FeO, Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 along with functional group substances of FA attached on the surface of MeOx. The removal mechanism of FA was studied.
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Cui Z, Guo FY, Li L, Lu F, Jin CH, Wang X, Liu F. Brazilin-7-acetate, a novel potential drug of Parkinson's disease, hinders the formation of α-synuclein fibril, mitigates cytotoxicity, and decreases oxidative stress. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115965. [PMID: 38056304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates. However, there are currently no effective therapies for PD. Brazilin, an inhibitor of α-Syn aggregation, is unstable and toxic. Therefore, we have developed and synthesized derivatives of brazilin. One of these derivatives, called brazilin-7-acetate (B-7-A), has shown reduced toxicity and a stronger effect on inhibiting α-Syn aggregation. It showed that B-7-A prevented the formation of α-Syn fibers and disrupted existing fibers in a dosage-dependent manner. Additionally, B-7-A significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of α-Syn aggregates and alleviated oxidative stress in PC12 cells. The beneficial effects of B-7-A were also confirmed using the Caenorhabditis elegans model. These effects included preventing the accumulation of α-Syn clumps, improving behavior disorder, increasing lifespan, reducing oxidative stress, and protecting against lipid oxidation and loss. Finally, B-7-A showed good ADMET properties in silico. Based on these findings, B-7-A exhibits potential as a prospective treatment for PD.
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Luo X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen Q, Tu J, He M, Zhang J, Wu Y. Exploring the environmental factor fulvic acid attenuates the ecotoxicity of graphene oxide under food delivery exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115893. [PMID: 38154154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
There is limited understanding of nanoparticle potential ecotoxicity, particularly regarding the influence of environmental factors that can be transferred through the food chain. Here, we assessed the transfer behavior and the ecotoxicity of commercially manufactured graphene oxide nano-materials (GO, <100 nm) in a food chain perspective spanning from Escherichia coli (E. coli) to Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) under simulated environmental conditions. Our findings revealed that E. coli preyed upon GO, subsequently transferring it to C. elegans, with a discernible distribution of GO observed in the digestive system and reproductive system. Accumulated GO generated serious ecological consequences for the higher level of the food chain (C. elegans). More importantly, GO and the resulting injurious effects of germ cells could be transferred to the next generation, indicating that GO exposure could cause genetic damage across generations. Previous research has demonstrated that GO can induce degradation of both the inner and outer cell membranes of E. coli, which is then transmitted to C. elegans through the food chain. Additionally, fulvic acid (FA) possesses various functional groups that enable interaction with nanomaterials. Our findings indicated that these interactions could mitigate ecotoxicity caused by GO exposure via food delivery, and this approach could be extended to modify GO in a way that significantly reduced its toxic effects without compromising performance. These results highlighted how environmental factors could attenuate ecological risks associated with nanomaterial transmission through the food chain.
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Nam Y, Tam AT, Miller ER, Scheidt KA. A Platform for the Synthesis of Corynantheine-Type Corynanthe Alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:118-124. [PMID: 38153983 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Corynantheine-type alkaloids are major components of the Mitragyna speciosa, also known as kratom, that exhibit unique pharmacological activity. However, no universal method to prepare these alkaloids has been reported. Disclosed herein is a catalytic, asymmetric platform that enables rapid access to corynantheine alkaloids. The first enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-corynantheidine pseudoindoxyl is described. The first asymmetric syntheses of (+)-corynoxine and (-)-corynoxine B were also achieved, along with enantioselective syntheses of (-)-corynantheidol and (-)-corynantheidine. Through this work, all series of corynantheine alkaloids including indole, spirooxindole, and pseudoindoxyl can now be accessed in the laboratory, enabling comprehensive biological investigation of kratom alkaloids to be undertaken.
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Chen JX, Yang XQ, Wang XY, Han HL, Cai ZJ, Xu H, Yang YB, Ding ZT. Antifeedant, Antifungal Cryptic Polyketides with Six Structural Frameworks from Tea Endophyte Daldinia eschscholtzii Propelled by the Antagonistic Coculture with Phytopathogen Colletotrichum pseudomajus and Different Culture Methods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:378-389. [PMID: 38156646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The antagonistic coculture with tea phytopathogen Colletotrichum pseudomajus induces antifungal cryptic metabolites from isogenesis endophyte Daldinia eschscholtzii against tea phytopathogens. Sixteen new polyketides with six structural frameworks including ten cryptic ones, named coldaldols A-C (1-3), collediol (5), and daldinrins A-L (10-20 and 23), were found from the coculture of C. pseudomajus and D. eschscholtzii by different culture methods. The unique framework of compounds 11 and 12 featured a benzopyran-C7 polyketone hybrid, and compounds 13-16 were characterized by the novel benzopyran dimer. The structures were determined mainly by spectroscopic methods, including extensive one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) NMR, high resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS), ECD calculation, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The configuration of acyclic compounds 5 and 18 were determined by application of the universal NMR database. Most compounds showed significant antifungal activities against the tea pathogens C. pseudomajus and Alternaria sp. with MICs of 1-8 μg/mL. Compound 12 had stronger antifungal activity than that of positive drug nystatin. The ether bond at C-4 of the benzopyran derivative increased the antifungal activity. Compounds 4-9 and 11-23 showed antifeedant activities against silkworms with feeding deterrence indices of 15-100% at the concentration of 50 μg/cm2.
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Huang PQ, Kang KW, Liao ZB, Wen Y, Gan LS. [A new benzopyran glycoside from Gentiana macrophylla]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 2024; 49:412-419. [PMID: 38403317 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230815.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified from 70% ethanol extract of the roots of Gentiana macrophylla by multi-chromatographic methods, including microporous resin, silica gel, and C_(18) reversed-phase column chromatography, as well as HPLC as follows: macrophylloside G(1), macrophylloside D(2), 5-formyl-2,3-dihydroisocoumarin(3),(+)-medicarpin(4),(+)-syringaresinol(5), liquiritigenin(6),(3R)-sativanone(7),(3R)-3'-O-methylviolanone(8), 4,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone(9), latifolin(10), gentioxepine(11), 6α-hydroxycyclonerolidol(12), and ethyl linoleate(13). Compound 1 was a new benzopyran glycoside. Compounds 4, 6-10, 12, and 13 were isolated for the first time from Gentiana plants. Compounds 1 and 2 showed promising hepatoprotective activity against D-GalN-induced AML12 cell damage at the concentration of 10 μmol·L~(-1), and compound 2 exhibited more significant activity than silybin at the same concentration.
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Dou Q, Zhang L, Dong T, Song Z, Fan X, Peng Y, Wang X, Yang J. Degradation properties of fulvic acid and its microbially driven mechanism from a partial nitritation bioreactor through multi-spectral and bioinformatic analysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:318-331. [PMID: 37778807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This study employed multispectral techniques to evaluate fulvic acid (FA) compositional characteristic and elucidate its biodegradation mechanisms during partial nitritation (PN) process. Results showed that FA removal efficiency (FRE) decreased from 90.22 to 23.11% when FA concentrations in the reactor were increased from 0 to 162.30 mg/L, and that molecular size, degree of aromatization and humification of the effluent FA macromolecules all increased after treatment. Microbial population analysis indicated that the proliferation of the Comamonas, OLB12 and Thauera exhibit high FA utilization capacity in lower concentrations (<50.59 mg/L), promoting the degradation and removal of macromolecular FA. In addition, the sustained increase in external FA may decrease the abundance of above functional microorganisms, resulting in a rapid drop in FRE. Furthermore, from the genetic perspective, the elevated FA levels restricted carbohydrate (ko00620, ko00010 and ko00020) and nitrogen (HAO, AMO, NIR and NOR) metabolism-related pathways, thereby impeding FA removal and total nitrogen loss associated with N2O emissions.
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Zhang R, Yin C, Li H, Sun X, Zhao Y. Theoretical study on the potential environmental and ecological risk of 4-ethylphenol induced by hydroxyl radical. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122770. [PMID: 37863255 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
This study closely examines the environmental fate of 4-ethylphenol (4-EP), a significant byproduct of biomass combustion. We employed quantum chemical calculations to investigate the reaction mechanism, kinetics, and ecotoxicity of 4-EP initiated by OH radicals in various environments (aqueous, atmospheric liquid, atmospheric and inhomogeneous phases). Our findings highlight that solvent effects contribute to a higher OH-addition reaction branching ratio (Γadd) of 0.68 for 4-EP in an aqueous solution, compared to 0.26 in the gas-phase environment and 0.22 in the inhomogeneous environment at 298 K. We determined the rate constants for the liquid-phase, gas-phase, and nonhomogeneous phase to be 1.14 × 109 s-1 M-1, 3.09 × 109 s-1 M-1, and 6.19 × 1014 s-1 M-1, respectively. Notably, the adsorption of mineral particles considerably enhances the reaction rate of 4-EP with OH radicals. 4-ethylbenzene-1,2-diol, 4-hydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione, 1-ethyl-6-methyl-6H-benzo(c)chromene-4,9-diol, 5-ethyl-6'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-(1,1'-biphenyl)-2,3,3'-triol and 2-ethyl-4,6,9-trimethyl-6H-benzo(c) chromene are major products in both gas-phase and liquid-phase reactions, and (2Z, 4Z)-4-ethyl-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoic acid is also one of the major products in gas-phase reactions. Toxicological predictions indicate that the ecotoxicity of 4-ethyl-6-methyl-6H-benzo(c)chromene-1,9-diol, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-6H-benzo(c)chromene-3,9-diol, and 2-ethyl-4,6,9-trimethyl-6H-benzo(c) chromene surpassed that of 4-EP. However, the toxicity of the reaction products is reduced in the presence of NOx. This investigation provides an exhaustive theoretical foundation for comprehending the degradation behavior of 4-EP and underscores the need to consider various environmental factors in assessing the potential risk of biomass combustion by products.
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Kumar G, Pandey DM, Ghosh M, Dall'Acqua S, Gupta R, Tiwari NP, Siddique UM, Vishwakrama L, Guleri SK, Lal UR, Dubey S. Karanjin, A Promising Bioactive Compound Possessing Anti-cancer Activity against Experimental Model of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:317-333. [PMID: 37936467 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206255557231024095245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to isolate the Millettia pinnata (Karanj) leaf extract for pure compound with anticancer properties and to study the molecular target of the isolates in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. BACKGROUND In our earlier research Millettia pinnata leaf extract has demonstrated potential anticancer activities. Thus, in pursuit of the bioactive compounds, the most potential active extract from our previous study was purified. Furthermore, the anticancer properties of the isolated compound karanjin was studied and aimed for apoptosis and restraining growth. METHODS A novel method was developed through column chromatography for isolation and purification of the compound karanjin from leaf chloroform extract. The purified component was then characterised using FTIR, mass spectrometry, and NMR. An MTT-based cytotoxicity assay was used to analyse cell cytotoxicity, whereas fluorescence staining was used for apoptosis and reactive oxygen species inhibition quantification. Furthermore, the real-time PCR assay was used to determine the molecular mechanism of action in cells causing cytotoxicity induced by karanjin dosing. RESULTS The anticancer activity of karanjin in A549 cell line exhibited prominent activity revealing IC50 value of 4.85 μM. Conferring the predicted molecular pathway study, karanjin restrains the proliferation of cancer cells through apoptosis, which is controlled by extrinsic pathway proteins FAS/FADD/Caspases 8/3/9. Downregulation of KRAS and dependent gene expression also stopped cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Karanjin has been identified as a compound with potential effect in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Molecular mechanism for apoptosis and inhibition of reactive oxygen species induced through H2O2 were observed, concluding karanjin have medicinal and antioxidant properties.
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Wu Y, Gao J, Li JH, Chen BK. Construction of photo-responsive lignin as a broad-spectrum sunscreen agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127289. [PMID: 37806425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Lignin has potential to serve as promising sunscreen agents as it has good ultraviolet (UV) absorption and antioxidant properties. However, the weak absorption capacity of lignin in the long-wave UV region (UVA, 320-400 nm) limits its further development. In this work, a spiropyran-modified lignin (DLSP) with photo-responsive property was prepared by in-situ construction of spiropyran (SP) structure in the demethylated lignin (DL). Due to the presence of SP moiety, the absorption of DLSP in the UVA region was significantly improved. Under UV irradiation, its absorption peak was redshifted as unconjugated SP form isomerized to conjugated merocyanine (MC) form, and the UVA/UVB ratio increased from 0.62 to 0.74. The free-radical scavenging ability of lignin could protect SP from photodegradation, which provided DLSP excellent fatigue resistance. DLSP were blended into creams to investigate its sunscreen performance. Results indicated that DLSP exhibited radiation-enhanced sunscreen performance, the sun protection factor (SPF) of cream containing 10 wt% of DLSP improved from 20 to 67 after 8 h of UV irradiation. Moreover, DLSP showed low skin penetration and good biocompatibility. These results provide a useful guideline for the rational design of sunscreens with special functionalities.
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Tuan J, Okoli A, Ogbuagu O. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for the treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C in pediatrics aged 3 and older. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:881-888. [PMID: 38058292 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2292736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The World Health Organization proposed targets to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030, aiming to treat ≥80% of people with HCV, decreasing new chronic infections by 90% and liver-related mortality by 65%. While children/adolescents represent a minority of cases, the true burden is underestimated. Advances in drug development have resulted in simplified treatments that are well-tolerated, effective, and pangenotypic in activity. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, a combined nucleotide analog NS5B polymerase inhibitor and NS5A inhibitor, respectively, is approved for HCV treatment for individuals ≥3 years, supported by safety data using lower-dose, novel formulations. AREAS COVERED This review discusses chemistry, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, dosing, efficacy, and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir highlighting pediatric data. Literature review included publications/conference abstracts from PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar. Information from key clinical trials/regulatory approvals is reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir is a safe and effective therapy for the treatment of pangenotypic chronic HCV infection with limited cases of virologic relapse and adverse events among pediatric populations aged 3 years and older. However, the tolerability among children less than 6 years could be improved by alternative formulations, if not, shorter treatment durations. An aspirational role of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that should be explored is for the prevention of infection in exposed and at-risk pediatric populations.
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Sharma S, Chandra K, Naik A, Sharma A, Sharma R, Thakur A, Grewal AS, Dhingra AK, Banerjee A, Liou JP, Guru SK, Nepali K. Flavone-based dual PARP-Tubulin inhibitor manifesting efficacy against endometrial cancer. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2276665. [PMID: 37919954 PMCID: PMC10627047 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2276665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural tailoring of the flavone framework (position 7) via organopalladium-catalyzed C-C bond formation was attempted in this study. The impact of substituents with varied electronic effects (phenyl ring, position 2 of the benzopyran scaffold) on the antitumor properties was also assessed. Resultantly, the efforts yielded a furyl arm bearing benzopyran possessing a 4-fluoro phenyl ring (position 2) (14) that manifested a magnificent antitumor profile against the Ishikawa cell lines mediated through dual inhibition of PARP and tubulin [(IC50 (PARP1) = 74 nM, IC50 (PARP2) = 109 nM) and tubulin (IC50 = 1.4 µM)]. Further investigations confirmed the ability of 14 to induce apoptosis as well as autophagy and cause cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Overall, the outcome of the study culminated in a tractable dual PARP-tubulin inhibitor endowed with an impressive activity profile against endometrial cancer.
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Zhang Y, Song J, Zhou Y, Jia H, Zhou T, Sun Y, Gao Q, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Sun Z, Chu P. Discovery of selective and potent USP22 inhibitors via structure-based virtual screening and bioassays exerting anti-tumor activity. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106842. [PMID: 37769523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) plays a prominent role in tumor development, invasion, metastasis and immune reprogramming, which has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. Herein, we employed a structure-based discovery and biological evaluation and discovered that Rottlerin (IC50 = 2.53 μM) and Morusin (IC50 = 8.29 μM) and as selective and potent USP22 inhibitors. Treatment of HCT116 cells and A375 cells with each of the two compounds resulted in increased monoubiquitination of histones H2A and H2B, as well as reduced protein expression levels of Sirt1 and PD-L1, all of which are known as USP22 substrates. Additionally, our study demonstrated that the administration of Rottlerin or Morusin resulted in an increase H2Bub levels, while simultaneously reducing the expression of Sirt1 and PD-L1 in a manner dependent on USP22. Furthermore, Rottlerin and Morusin were found to enhance the degradation of PD-L1 and Sirt1, as well as increase the polyubiquitination of endogenous PD-L1 and Sirt1 in HCT116 cells. Moreover, in an in vivo syngeneic tumor model, Rottlerin and Morusin exhibited potent antitumor activity, which was accompanied by an enhanced infiltration of T cells into the tumor tissues. Using in-depth molecular dynamics (MD) and binding free energy calculation, conserved residue Leu475 and non-conserved residue Arg419 were proven to be crucial for the binding affinity and inhibitory function of USP22 inhibitors. In summary, our study established a highly efficient approach for USP22-specific inhibitor discovery, which lead to identification of two selective and potent USP22 inhibitors as potential drugs in anticancer therapy.
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Mao YW, Zhang X, Li HB, Pei S, Wang AJ, Zhao T, Jin Z, Feng JJ. Confined synthesis of ternary FeCoMn single-atom nanozyme in N-doped hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres for synergistic chemotherapy and chemodynamic cancer therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213618. [PMID: 37725871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, nanozymes show increasing biological applications and promising possibilities for therapeutic intervention, while their mediated therapeutic outcomes are severely compromised due to their insufficient catalytic activity and specificity. Herein, ternary FeCoMn single atoms were incorporated into N-doped hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres by in situ confinement pyrolysis at 800 °C as high-efficiency nanozyme. The confinement strategy endows the as-prepared nanozyme with the enhanced catalase- and oxidase-like activities. Specifically, the FeCoMn TSAs/N-HCSs nanozyme can decompose intracellular H2O2 to generate O2 and subsequently convert O2 to cytotoxic superoxide radicals (O2∙-), which can initiate cascade enzymatic reactions in tumor microenvironment (TME) for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Moreover, the cancer therapy was largely enhanced by loading with doxorubicin (DOX). Impressively, the FeCoMn TSAs/N-HCSs nanozyme-mediated CDT and the DOX-induced chemotherapy endow the DOX@FeCoMn TSAs/N-HCSs with effective tumor inhibition, showing the superior therapeutic efficacy.
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Amiri-Zirtol L, Ahooie TS, Riazimontazer E, Amrollahi MA, Mirjalili BF. Graphene oxide immobilized 2-morpholinoethanamine as a versatile acid-base catalyst for synthesis of some heterocyclic compounds and molecular docking study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17966. [PMID: 37863906 PMCID: PMC10589275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized based on graphene oxide (GO) as a natural material. On the surface of nanosheet graphene oxide, 2-Morpholinoethanamine was immobilized using a non-toxic, green, and simple method. This resulted in the preparation of a bifunctional acid-base nanocatalyst. The synthesized composite was fully characterized using various methods, including Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), mapping, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and CHN elemental analysis. The catalytic reactivity of GO-mor was investigated in the one-pot synthesis of some benzo[b]pyran, pyrano[3,2-c]chromene, and polyhydroquinoline derivatives, yielding good efficiency and short reaction times. In addition, several recent studies have shown that some derivatives of pyran, chromene, and quinoline have remarkable anti COVID activity. Particularly, COVID-19 3CLpro/Mpro is considered a potential target for the treatment of this virus. For this purpose, docking models were constructed using the corresponding crystal structures with the synthesized derivatives. Based on the docking score and similarity of the binding mode to remdesivir and elvitegravir (the only approved drugs for the treatment of COVID-19), A2, B1, and C4 were selected as promising candidates for further research.
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Muema FW, Nanjala C, Oulo MA, Wangchuk P. Phytochemical Content and Antidiabetic Properties of Most Commonly Used Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants of Kenya. Molecules 2023; 28:7202. [PMID: 37894680 PMCID: PMC10609527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicinal plants have been used for decades in folk medicines in the treatment and management of several ailments and diseases including diabetes, pain, ulcers, cancers, and wounds, among others. This study focused on the phytochemical and antidiabetic activity of the commonly used antidiabetic medicinal species in Kenya. Phytochemical profiling of these species revealed flavonoids and terpenoids as the major chemical classes reported which have been linked with strong biological activities against the aforementioned diseases, among others. However, out of the selected twenty-two species, many of the natural product isolation studies have focused on only a few species, as highlighted in the study. All of the examined crude extracts from thirteen antidiabetic species demonstrated strong antidiabetic activities by inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase among other mechanisms, while nine are yet to be evaluated for their antidiabetic activities. Isolated compounds S-Methylcysteine sulfoxide, quercetin, alliuocide G, 2-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3 (2H)-benzofuranone, Luteolin-7-O-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin, 1,3,11α-Trihydroxy-9-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-7-on-2-yl)-5α-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,6,11-hexahydro-5,6,11-trioxanaphthacene-12-one and [1,3,11α-Trihydroxy-9-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-7-on-2-yl)-5α-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,6,11-hexahydro-5,6,11-trioxanaphthacene-12-one]-4'-O-D-gluco-pyranoside from Allium cepa have been found to exhibit significant antidiabetic activities. With the huge number of adults living with diabetes in Kenya and the available treatment methods being expensive yet not so effective, this study highlights alternative remedies by documenting the commonly used antidiabetic medicinal plants. Further, the study supports the antidiabetic use of these plants with the existing pharmacological profiles and highlights research study gaps. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct natural products isolation work on the selected antidiabetic species commonly used in Kenya and evaluate their antidiabetic activities, both in vitro and in vivo, to validate their antidiabetic use and come up with new antidiabetic drugs.
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Tong MX, Duan YX, Zhang YD, Ye WY, Qin SY, Liu XZ, Chen GD, Lv JM, Hu D, Gao H. Identification of new bisabosqual-type meroterpenoids reveals non-enzymatic conversion of bisabosquals into seco-bisabosquals. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7141-7150. [PMID: 37608696 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01110k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Bisabosqual-type meroterpenoids are fungi-derived polyketide-terpenoid hybrids bearing a 2,3,3a,3a1,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-benzofuro[4,3,2-cde]chromene skeleton (6/6/6/5 ring system) or its seco-C-ring structure, and exhibit diverse bioactivities. Their unique structural architecture and impressive biological activities have led to considerable interest in discovering new analogues. However, to date, only nine analogues have been identified. Herein, we reported the isolation and identification of six new bisabosqual-type meroterpenoids stachybisbins C-H (1-6), together with one known compound bisabosqual C (7), from Stachybotrys bisbyi PYH05-7. Intriguingly, we found that 7, which contains the intact tetracyclic skeleton, can be non-enzymatically converted into its seco derivative stachybisbin I (8), unveiling the biosynthetic relationship between bisabosquals and seco-bisabosquals. Moreover, based on CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption, we revealed that the three-gene cluster responsible for the formation of LL-Z1272β is associated with the biosynthesis of bisabosqual-type meroterpenoids, and then proposed a plausible route to 1-8.
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Uchida Y, Takikawa H, Kang B. A step-economical divergent approach to isoflavenes based on Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling of a 3-boryl-2H-chromene with aryl bromides: application to total synthesis of isoflavonoid natural products. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:954-959. [PMID: 37291696 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a step-economical divergent synthetic approach for isoflavene derivatives using the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling of a 3-boryl-2H-chromene and three aryl bromides. 3-Boryl-2H-chromene, which is not a well-explored species, was prepared via Miyaura-Ishiyama borylation of a 3-chloro-2H-chromene obtained through a Claisen rearrangement cyclization cascade reaction. Further conversion of the cross-coupling products, three isoflavene derivatives, afforded three isoflavonoid natural products with one or two additional reaction steps.
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Tian YM, Liu GB, Wu WN, Zhao XL, Han XF, Fan YC, Wang Y, Xu ZH. A p-toluenesulfonamide-modified benzo[h]chromene hydrazone: Fluorescent turn-on detection of hypochlorite and its application to imaging the endoplasmic reticula of living cells and zebrafishes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 296:122669. [PMID: 37030252 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorite (ClO-) is a ROS that plays a crucial role in the immune system in the body. As the largest organelle in the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) manages various life activities. Thus, a simple hydrazone-based probe was designed, which provided a fast turn-on fluorescent response toward ClO-. With a terminal p-toluenesulfonamide group as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-specific site, probe 1 was mainly accumulated at ER of living cells, and could be used for imaging endogenous and exogenous HClO in cells and zebrafishes.
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Chellian R, Behnood-Rod A, Wilson R, Lin K, King GWY, Bruijnzeel AW. Dopamine D1-like receptor activation decreases nicotine intake in rats with short or long access to nicotine. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13312. [PMID: 37500487 PMCID: PMC10403282 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of nicotine and tobacco products is highly addictive. The dopaminergic system plays a key role in the initiation and maintenance of nicotine intake. Dopamine D1-like receptor blockade diminishes nicotine intake in rats with daily short (1 h) access to nicotine, but little is known about the effects of dopamine receptor antagonists or agonists on nicotine intake in rats with intermittent long (23 h) access. Because of the extended access conditions and high nicotine intake, the intermittent long access procedure might model smoking and vaping better than short access models. We investigated the effects of the dopamine D1-like receptor antagonist SCH 23390 and the D1-like receptor agonist A77636 on nicotine intake in male rats with intermittent short or long access to nicotine. The rats self-administered nicotine for 5 days (1 h/day) and were then given 15 intermittent short (1 h/day) or long (23 h/day) access sessions (3 sessions/week, 0.06 mg/kg/inf). The D1-like receptor antagonist SCH 23390 decreased nicotine intake to a similar degree in rats with short or long access to nicotine. The D1-like receptor agonist A77636 induced a greater decrease in nicotine intake in the rats with long access to nicotine than in rats with short access. Treatment with A77636 induced a prolonged decrease in nicotine intake that lasted throughout the dark and light phase in the long access rats. These findings indicate that blockade and stimulation of D1-like receptors decrease nicotine intake in an intermittent long access animal model that closely models human smoking and vaping.
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Tehreem R, Awais M, Khursheed S, Rehman F, Hussain D, Mok YS, Siddiqui GU. Synthesis of efficient light harvesting Cr, N Co-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles for enhanced visible light photocatalytic degradation of xanthene dyes; eosin yellow and rose bengal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:92621-92635. [PMID: 37493906 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
To solve the problem of water pollution, using environment friendly and cost effective method in short time is the need of hour. In this work, chromium (Cr) and nitrogen (N) co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and were used for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes under visible light. The synergistic effect of metal and non-metal co-dopants added would result in appropriate reduction of band gap {from 3.2 eV of TiO2 to 2.67 eV}, decrease in recombination rate of charge carriers by trapping electrons and holes, and in better light harvesting capacity. Nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and RAMAN spectroscopy. Eosin yellow (EY) and rose bengal (RB) were subjected to photocatalytic degradation under solar light to check the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles. Effects of dye concentration, the concentration of nanoparticles, time, and pH were investigated to optimize the parameters. The results obtained were remarkable for 20 ppm EY solution took 10 min using 1 gL-1 NPs at pH 3 and 10 ppm RB solution took 5 min using 0.75 gL-1 NPs at pH 5.78 (original pH) for complete degradation. Kinetics studies were also performed and both dyes followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with R2 values 0.99312 and 0.99712 for EY and RB, respectively. The study of degraded products was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) hyphenated with electron spray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) (LC-MS) and possible degradation pathways were made for both dyes. A reusability test was also performed showing the efficiency of the particles was up to 88% after 3 cycles of use. These notable results can be attributed to the efficient removal of organic pollutants using the proposed dopants in this study.
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Mao Z, Rha H, Kim J, You X, Zhang F, Tao W, Kim JS. THQ-Xanthene: An Emerging Strategy to Create Next-Generation NIR-I/II Fluorophores. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301177. [PMID: 37114796 PMCID: PMC10288261 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is vital for exploring the biological world. The short emissions (<650 nm) and small Stokes shifts (<30 nm) of current xanthene dyes obstruct their biological applications since a long time. Recently, a potent and universal THQ structural modification technique that shifts emission to the NIR-I/II range and enables a substantial Stokes shift (>100 nm) for THQ-modified xanthene dyes is established. Thus, a timely discussion of THQ-xanthene and its applications is extensive. Hence, the advent, working principles, development trajectory, and biological applications of THQ-xanthene dyes, especially in the fields of fluorescence probe-based sensing and imaging, cancer theranostics, and super-resolution imaging, are introduced. It is envisioned that the THQ modification tactic is a simple yet exceptional approach to upgrade the performance of conventional xanthene dyes. THQ-xanthene will advance the strides of xanthene-based potentials in early fluorescent diagnosis of diseases, cancer theranostics, and imaging-guided surgery.
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Li M, Wang R, Wang P. Galaxolide and Irgacure 369 are novel environmental androgens. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138329. [PMID: 36906002 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors are environmental chemicals that can interfere with the endocrine system. However, research on endocrine disruptors that interfere with androgen's actions is still limited. The purpose of this study is to use in silico computation, i.e., molecular docking to facilitate the identification of environmental androgens. Computational docking was used to study the binding interactions of environmental/industrial compounds with the three dimensional structure of human androgen receptor (AR). Then reporter assay and cell proliferation assay using AR-expressing LNCaP prostate cancer cells were used to determine their in vitro androgenic activity. Animal studies using immature male rats were also carried out to test their in vivo androgenic activity. Two novel environmental androgens were identified. As a photoinitiator, 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-4'-morpholinobutyrophenone (Irgacure 369, abbreviated as IC-369) is widely used in the packaging and electronics industries. Galaxolide (HHCB) is widely used in the production of perfume, fabric softeners and detergents. We found that both IC-369 and HHCB could activate AR transcriptional activity and promote cell proliferation in AR-sensitive LNCaP cells. Furthermore, IC-369 and HHCB could induce cell proliferation and histological changes of seminal vesicles in immature rats. RNA sequencing and qPCR analysis showed that androgen-related genes in seminal vesicle tissue were up-regulated by IC-369 and HHCB. In conclusion, IC-369 and HHCB are new environmental androgens that bind AR and induce AR transcriptional activity, thereby exerting toxicological effects on the development of male reproductive organs.
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Vidal-Liñán L, Moscoso-Pérez C, Laranjeiro F, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Beiras R. Filtration of biopolymer PHB particles loaded with synthetic musks does not cause significant bioaccumulation in marine mussels. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104092. [PMID: 36868485 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The role of the biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB, <250 µm) as a vehicle of a synthetic musks mixture (celestolide, galaxolide, tonalide, musk xylene, musk moskene and musk ketone) to Mytilus galloprovincialis was investigated. For 30 days, virgin PHB, virgin PHB+musks (6.82 µg g-1) and weathered PHB+musks, were daily spiked into tanks containing mussels, followed by a 10-day depuration period. Water and tissues samples were collected to measure exposure concentrations and accumulation in tissues. Mussels were able to actively filter microplastics in suspension but the concentration of the musks found in tissues (celestolide, galaxolide, tonalide) were markedly lower than the spiked concentration. Estimated Trophic Transfer Factors suggest that PHB will only play a minor role on musks accumulation in marine mussels, even if our results suggest a slightly extended persistence in tissues of musks loaded to weathered PHB.
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Ye M, Xiang Y, Gong J, Wang X, Mao Z, Liu Z. Monitoring Hg 2+ and MeHg + poisoning in living body with an activatable near-infrared II fluorescence probe. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130612. [PMID: 37056002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasively imaging mercury poisoning in living organisms is critical to understanding its toxicity and treatments. Especially, simultaneous fluorescence imaging of Hg2+ and MeHg+in vivo is helpful to disclose the mysteries of mercury poisoning. The key limitation for mercury imaging in vivo is the low imaging signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and limited imaging depth, which may result in unreliable detection results. Here, we designed and prepared a near-infrared II (NIR II) emissive probe, NIR-Rh-MS, leveraging the "spirolactam ring-open" tactic of xanthene dyes for in situ visualization of mercury toxicity in mice. The probe produces a marked fluorescence signal at 1015 nm and displays good linear responses to Hg2+ and MeHg+ with excellent sensitivity, respectively. The penetration experiments elucidate that the activated NIR-II fluorescence signal of the probe penetrates to a depth of up to 7 mm in simulated tissues. Impressively, the probe can monitor the toxicity of Hg2+ in mouse livers and the accumulation of MeHg+ in mouse brains via intravital NIR-II imaging for the first time. Thus, we believe that detecting Hg2+ and MeHg+ in different organs with a single NIR-II fluorescence probe in mice would assuredly advance the toxicologic study of mercury poisoning in vivo.
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