101
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Hellström K, Rosén A, Swahn A. Absorption and decomposition of potassium-35S-phenoxymethyl penicillin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1974; 16:826-33. [PMID: 4214641 DOI: 10.1002/cpt1974165part1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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102
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Penzotti SC, Poole JW. Transport mechanisms of beta-lactam antibiotics across everted rat gut. J Pharm Sci 1974; 63:1803-6. [PMID: 4214915 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600631136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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103
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Niedermüller H, Brunner R. [Studies in the rat on absorption, distribution and excretion of penicillin V. I. Studies of balance]. ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG 1974; 24:1282-5. [PMID: 4215431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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104
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de Bertoldi M, Cercignani G. The biosynthesis of biotin in an auxotrophic strain of Humicola. JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 1974; 84:214-8. [PMID: 4215864 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-84-1-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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105
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Hedges A, Kaye CM, Maclay WP, Turner P. A comparison of the absorption of effervescent preparations of paracetamol and penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin) with solid dose forms of these drugs. J Clin Pharmacol 1974; 14:363-8. [PMID: 4210848 DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1974.tb01412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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106
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Berthoud S, Blanc MH, Rossier J, Fabre J. [Proceedings: Causes of various deficiencies in the digestive absorption of penicillin]. HELVETICA MEDICA ACTA 1974; 37:370-1. [PMID: 4212758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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107
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Dudley KH, Butler TC, Johnson D. Chemical studies of potential relevance to penicillin hypersensitivity: kinetic studies of methicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin and their penicillenic acids. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1974; 188:491-503. [PMID: 4361250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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108
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Petrin A. [Pharmacokinetics of drugs in the elderly]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, THERAPY AND TOXICOLOGY 1974; 9:157-9. [PMID: 4133294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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109
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Kulikova DA, Rudzit EA. [The influence of several diuretics on penicillin circulation in the bodies of rats]. ANTIBIOTIKI 1974; 19:157-60. [PMID: 4219123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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110
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Liashenko II. [Distribution of phenozymethylpenicillin in the body of healthy persons and patients with angina]. VRACHEBNOE DELO 1974:104-6. [PMID: 4219825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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111
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Nilsson SO, Agren A, Brånstad JO, Meresaar U. Complex formation between macromolecules and drugs. IX. The competition between two sulfa drugs and phenobarbital, pentobarbital or phenoxymethyl penicillin for binding sites on human serum albumin. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SUECICA 1973; 10:455-68. [PMID: 4204116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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113
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Lupinsky I, Berthoud S. [Absorption of penicillin V and digestive disorders]. SCHWEIZERISCHE RUNDSCHAU FUR MEDIZIN PRAXIS = REVUE SUISSE DE MEDECINE PRAXIS 1973; 62:959-63. [PMID: 4200273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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114
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Ryrfeldt A. Uptake and degradation of 3H-phenoxymethylpenicillin in rat liver slices. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SUECICA 1973; 10:161-70. [PMID: 4354106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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115
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Kivman GI, Geitman II, Balyn IR, Kalinina NA, Iunusov MA. [Effect of chymotrypsin and chymopsin on penicillin distribution in the organism]. ANTIBIOTIKI 1973; 18:264-7. [PMID: 4202931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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116
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Vandamme EJ, Voets JP. Some aspects of the penicillin V-acylase produced by Rhodotorula glutinis var. glutinis. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ALLGEMEINE MIKROBIOLOGIE 1973; 13:701-10. [PMID: 4360823 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630130808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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117
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Simon C, Malerczyk V, Müller U, Müller G. [Pharmacokinetics of propicillin in geriatric patients in comparison with younger adults]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1972; 97:1999-2003. [PMID: 4629825 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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118
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Simon C, Bekesch M, Malerczyk V. [Pharmacokinetics of penicillin V in childhood (especially in newborn infants)]. DIE MEDIZINISCHE WELT 1972; 23:1717-20. [PMID: 4629160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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119
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Tan JS, Trott A, Phair JP, Watanakunakorn C. A method for measurement of antibiotics in human interstitial fluid. J Infect Dis 1972; 126:492-7. [PMID: 4197753 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/126.5.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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120
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Abstract
Two phenoxy penicillins and one phenylthio penicillin were selected for a study of physiological disposition. Phenylthiodiphenyl penicillin was, however, rejected because it underwent complete biotransformation. The resultant substance retained antibacterial activity but lost its resistance to the enzyme β-lactamase.The rate of absorption of phenoxymethyl and phenoxybenzyl penicillins from rat small intestine was at variance with the properties of the substances and the concept of passive, nonionic diffusion. A more detailed study excluded the possibility that some form of specialized transport was involved. The data are consistent with a delay in absorption caused by an interaction between penicillin and some component of intestinal epithelium. Absorption may be further hindered by the formation of penicillin micelles. The relatively polar nature of such micelles would tend to reduce the ability of the parent substance to penetrate lipid-like membranes.Maintenance of high concentrations in the blood is favored by a numerically large partition coefficient, and the associated high degree of binding to albumin and decrease in acidity. It appears that differences in both biliary and renal tubular secretion also play an important part.
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121
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Rudhardt M, Herrera A, Denizot M, Rossier J, Chavaz A, Fabre J. [Irregularities in the absorption of orally administered penicillins]. SCHWEIZERISCHE RUNDSCHAU FUR MEDIZIN PRAXIS = REVUE SUISSE DE MEDECINE PRAXIS 1972; 61:803-8. [PMID: 4628975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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122
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Kalinina NA, Geĭtman II, Balyn IR, Ermol'eva ZV. [Prodigiozan effect of the distribution of antibiotics in blood and organs of rats]. ANTIBIOTIKI 1972; 17:532-5. [PMID: 4625691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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123
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Bobrowski M, Borowski E. Interaction between carbenicillin and beta-lactamases from Gram-negative bacteria. JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 1971; 68:263-72. [PMID: 5002807 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-68-3-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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124
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Seeger K, Hentschel G. [Effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the antibacterial activity of some antibiotics and their enteral absorption in the pig]. ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG 1971; 21:1590-4. [PMID: 5003199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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125
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Vandamme EJ, Voets JP, Dhaese A. [Study of penicillin-acylase produced by Erwinia aroideae]. ANNALES DE L'INSTITUT PASTEUR 1971; 121:435-46. [PMID: 4335226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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126
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127
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Palatsi I, Kaipainen W. A comparative study of blood concentrations after peroral benzathine (DBED) penicillin V and potassium penicillin V. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1971; 3:71-4. [PMID: 4999835 DOI: 10.3109/inf.1971.3.issue-1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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128
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Niederdellmann H, Härle F. [Studies on the propicillin excretion from the glandula parotis]. DEUTSCHE ZAHNARZTLICHE ZEITSCHRIFT 1971; 26:58-62. [PMID: 4999000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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129
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Fishman LS, Hewitt WL. The natural penicillins. Med Clin North Am 1970; 54:1081-99. [PMID: 4248661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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130
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Sabath LD. Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) and phenethicillin. Med Clin North Am 1970; 54:1101-11. [PMID: 4990453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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131
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Cole M. Hydrolysis of penicillins and related compounds by the cell-bound penicillin acylase of Escherichia coli. Biochem J 1969; 115:733-9. [PMID: 4982417 PMCID: PMC1185200 DOI: 10.1042/bj1150733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
1. A method is given for the preparation of penicillin acylase by using Escherichia coli N.C.I.B. 8743 and a strain selected for higher yield. The enzyme is associated with the bacterial cells and removes the side chains of penicillins to give 6-amino-penicillanic acid and a carboxylic acid. 2. The rates of penicillin deacylation indicated that p-hydroxybenzylpenicillin was the best substrate, followed in diminishing order by benzyl-, dl-alpha-hydroxybenzyl-, 2-furylmethyl-, 2-thienylmethyl-, d-alpha-aminobenzyl-, n-propoxymethyl- and isobutoxymethyl-penicillin. Phenylpenicillin and dl-alpha-carboxybenzylpenicillin were not substrates and phenoxymethyl-penicillin was very poor. 3. Amides and esters of the above penicillins were also substrates for the deacylation reaction, as were cephalosporins with a thienylmethyl side chain. 4. For the deacylation of 2-furylmethylpenicillin at 21 degrees the optimum pH was 8.2. The optimum temperature was 60 degrees at pH7. 5. By using selection A of N.C.I.B. 8743 and determining reaction velocities by assaying yields of 6-amino-penicillanic acid in a 10min. reaction at 50 degrees and pH8.2, the K(m) for benzylpenicillin was found to be about 30mm and the K(m) for 2-furylmethylpenicillin, about 10mm. The V(max.) values were 0.6 and 0.24mumole/min./mg. of bacterial cells respectively.
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132
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Singh K, Sehgal SN, Vézina C. Hydrolysis of phenoxymethyl penicillin into 6-amino-penicillanic acid with spores of fusaria. Appl Microbiol 1969; 17:643-4. [PMID: 4977225 PMCID: PMC377762 DOI: 10.1128/am.17.4.643-644.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolysis of phenoxymethyl penicillin into 6-aminopenicillanic acid with spores of fusaria was studied.
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133
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Mikuni M, Oishi M, Shuda S, Imai M, Takahashi T. [Use of penimepicycline (Hydrocycline) in ophthalmology]. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 1969; 22:88-94. [PMID: 4977348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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134
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Cho N, Sunada H, Kunii K, Ito T, Ko I. [Clinical evaluation of penimepicycline in gynecology and obstetrics]. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 1969; 22:79-86. [PMID: 4977346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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135
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Records RE. The penicillins in ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol 1969; 13:207-14. [PMID: 4974322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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136
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Vanderhaeghe H, Claesen M, Vlietinck A, Parmentier G. Specificity of penicillin acylase of Fusarium and of Penicillium chrysogenum. Appl Microbiol 1968; 16:1557-63. [PMID: 4971722 PMCID: PMC547703 DOI: 10.1128/am.16.10.1557-1563.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracts containing penicillin acylase were obtained by shaking the mycelium of Fusarium avenaceum and of Penicillium chrysogenum in 0.2 M sodium acetate or sodium chloride solution. The optimum pH for conversion of penicillin V into 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) by the enzyme of Fusarium was about 7.5, and the reaction velocity was increased by a rise in temperature from 27 to 37 C. Penicillin G and penicillins with an aliphatic side chain were cleaved much less readily than was penicillin V. With the enzyme preparation obtained from a nonpenicillin-producing strain of P. chrysogenum, the reaction rate was higher at pH 8.5 than at pH 7.5 and pH 6.5. The acylase of P. chrysogenum hydrolyzes penicillin V more readily than penicillin G. In a series of aliphatic penicillins, the amount of 6-APA formed through the action of this enzyme increased with the number of carbon atoms of the side chain. Penicillins with a glutaryl or an adipyl group as side chain were unaffected by the enzyme of Fusarium and of Penicillium. No reaction was observed upon incubation of penicillin N (with a D-aminoadipyl side chain) or isopenicillin N (with an L-aminoadipyl side chain) with Fusarium and Penicillium extract. When the carboxy group of the side chain of these penicillins was esterified, formation of 6-APA was observed upon incubation with Penicillium extract, whereas no 6-APA or only very small amounts were obtained by acylase of Fusarium.
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137
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138
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Cairella M, Marasà G. [The chemoantibiotics in infections of the bile ducts]. LA CLINICA TERAPEUTICA 1968; 46:371-84. [PMID: 4982819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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139
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Kulhánek M, Tadra M. Products of acylase and beta-lactamase hydrolysis of some penicillins. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1968; 13:340-5. [PMID: 4971339 DOI: 10.1007/bf02909623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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140
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Linzenmeier G, Unckell FM. [Blood levels following high dosage of penicillin V potassium]. INTERNATIONALE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PHARMAKOLOGIE, THERAPIE, UND TOXIKOLOGIE. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, THERAPY, AND TOXICOLOGY 1968; 1:286-8. [PMID: 4973228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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141
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Abstract
Isotopic exchange of (35)S between penicillins and 6-amino-penicillanic acid (6-APA) was observed in cell-free extracts of Penicillium chrysogenum. Sulfhydryl-containing compounds were required for activity. Dithiothreitol, dithioerythritol, mercaptoethanol, and glutathione served as activators. The acyltransferase was purified threefold by adsorption on calcium phosphate gel at pH 6 and elution at pH 8. The partially purified enzyme showed maximal activity at pH 8. The enzyme was stable at 25 C for at least 30 min at pH 8. Dissociable inhibitors or activators, other than the sulfhydryl-containing compounds, could not be demonstrated in the enzyme preparation. An apparent Michaelis constant of 1.5 +/- 0.5 mm was determined for penicillin G at a 6-APA concentration of 5 mm. The enzyme did not appear to possess penicillin amidase activity. The exchange mechanism probably involves an acyl-enzyme intermediate. Penicillins V, G, K, X, and dihydro F showed isotopic exchange with (35)S-6-APA. Penicillin N, methylpenicillin, and phenyl-penicillin did not show exchange. The level of acyltransferase in P. chrysogenum 51-20F3 was measured at times during the fermentation. The level of activity increased threefold between 40 and 55 hr, remaining high until about 90 hr.
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142
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Schmidt H, Roholt K, Larsen SO. Factors influencing absorption of penicillin V. ACTA PATHOLOGICA ET MICROBIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1967; 71:603-11. [PMID: 4967233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1967.tb05181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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143
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144
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Kuwabara S, Abraham EP. Some properties of two extracellular beta-lactamases from Bacillus cereus 569/H. Biochem J 1967; 103:27C-30C. [PMID: 4963457 PMCID: PMC1270501 DOI: 10.1042/bj1030027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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145
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Haupt I, Thrum H. [Contribution to the acylase activity of streptomycetes. I. Penicillin acylase]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ALLGEMEINE MIKROBIOLOGIE 1967; 7:343-8. [PMID: 4973456 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630070503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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146
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Keen PM. The displacement of three anionic drugs from binding to bovine serum albumin by various anionic compounds. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 1966; 26:704-12. [PMID: 4959940 PMCID: PMC1510717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1966.tb01850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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