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Li YF, Yu Y, Lu ZF. [Serum levels of IL-13 and TNF-alpha in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2010; 12:275-277. [PMID: 20416219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine serum levels of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia. METHODS Eighty children with MP pneumonia complicated by wheezing or without (n=40 each), 40 children with pneumonia from non-MP infection and 40 healthy children were enrolled. Serum levels of IL-13 and TNF-alpha were measured using ELISA. RESULTS The serum levels of IL-13 and TNF-alpha in the MP pneumonia group were significantly higher than those in non-MP pneumonia group and the healthy control group (P<0.01). The children with MP pneumonia complicated by wheezing had increased serum levels of IL-13 (214.6 + or - 67.2 ng/L vs 189.6 + or - 52.1 ng/L; P<0.01) and TNF-alpha(0.55 + or - 0.13 ng/mL vs 0.42 + or - 0.16 ng/mL; P<0.01)compared with those without wheezing. CONCLUSIONS The increase in serum levels of IL-13 and TNF-alpha may play important roles in the pathogenesis of MP pneumonia and wheezing attack in children.
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Hu XT, Li YJ, Li XY, Liu RW. [Measurement of immunoglobulins and complements in children with Mycoplasmal pneumoniae pneumonia]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2009; 11:933-934. [PMID: 20113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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53
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El Hayek J, Hoeusler V, Castelain MC, Huvenne H, Moukagni M, Raymond J, Kalach N. [Comparative study of the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in the course of chronic asthma in children]. Arch Pediatr 2009; 16:1189-90. [PMID: 19570661 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ledford JG, Goto H, Potts EN, Degan S, Chu HW, Voelker DR, Sunday ME, Cianciolo GJ, Foster WM, Kraft M, Wright JR. SP-A preserves airway homeostasis during Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2009; 182:7818-27. [PMID: 19494306 PMCID: PMC3656438 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The lung is constantly challenged during normal breathing by a myriad of environmental irritants and infectious insults. Pulmonary host defense mechanisms maintain homeostasis between inhibition/clearance of pathogens and regulation of inflammatory responses that could injure the airway epithelium. One component of this defense mechanism, surfactant protein-A (SP-A), exerts multifunctional roles in mediating host responses to inflammatory and infectious agents. SP-A has a bacteriostatic effect on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp), which occurs by binding surface disaturated phosphatidylglycerols. SP-A can also bind the Mp membrane protein, MPN372. In this study, we investigated the role of SP-A during acute phase pulmonary infection with Mp using mice deficient in SP-A. Biologic responses, inflammation, and cellular infiltration, were much greater in Mp infected SP-A(-/-) mice than wild-type mice. Likewise, physiologic responses (airway hyperresponsiveness and lung compliance) to Mp infection were more severely affected in SP-A(-/-) mice. Both Mp-induced biologic and physiologic changes were attenuated by pharmacologic inhibition of TNF-alpha. Our findings demonstrate that SP-A is vital to preserving lung homeostasis and host defense to this clinically relevant strain of Mp by curtailing inflammatory cell recruitment and limiting an overzealous TNF-alpha response.
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Rastawicki W, Rokosz N, Jagielski M. [Subclass distribution of human IgG antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the course of mycoplasmosis]. MEDYCYNA DOSWIADCZALNA I MIKROBIOLOGIA 2009; 61:375-379. [PMID: 20201328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of human IgG1-IgG4 to sonicated antigen of M. pneumoniae in the 138 sera obtained from patients with mycoplasmosis was analysed. Antibodies of IgG1 were diagnosed in 47 (34.1%), IgG2 in 42 (30.4%) and IgG3 subclass in 58 (42.0%) serum samples. The concentration of IgG4 was below detection level. Generally, the frequency of occurrence of IgG2 antibodies increased with age reaching its peak among adults. On the other hand IgG1 and IgG3 for M. pneumoniae were diagnosed more often in serum samples obtained from children than from adults. We did not find any essential changes in the pattern of IgG subclass during the course of infection however it seems that the level of IgG3 antibodies decreased faster than IgG1 which may be caused by the fact that the IgG3 antibodies have a much shorter half-life in comparison to the IgG1.
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Pönkä A, Pönkä T, Koskimies S. HLA antigens and arthritis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2008; 17:445-6. [PMID: 6800060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Liu FC, Chen PY, Huang FL, Tsai CR, Lee CY, Lin CF. Do serological tests provide adequate rapid diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection? Jpn J Infect Dis 2008; 61:397-399. [PMID: 18806352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the serologic response to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. A total of 589 children < or =18 years (190 in the year 2004; 399 in 2005) and 2,073 adults > or = 18 years of age (980 in the year 2004; 1,093 in 2005) with respiratory symptoms underwent serological testing for M. pneumoniae infection. The tests included passive particle agglutination (PA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The seroprevalence rates of M. pneumoniae infection in the years 2004 and 2005 were 6.9 and 10.1%, respectively. The seropositivity rate was significantly higher in children (29.6% in 2005; 23.7% in 2004) than in adults (2.9% in 2005; 3.7% in 2004) (odds ratio, 8.138 in 2004; 13.923 in 2005; 95% confidence interval, 5.077-13.045 in 2004; 9.220-21.026 in 2005). Paired sera for the PA test were obtained from 32 of 399 children, and 22 of them demonstrated at least fourfold rises in antibody titer. ELISA had a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 40.0%; PA had a sensitivity of 9.5% and a specificity of 80%. The ELISA test was superior to the PA test in diagnosing acute M. pneumoniae infection in children. Both tests were significantly more sensitive when they were performed 1 week after the onset of infection.
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Kim MS, Kilgore PE, Kang JS, Kim SY, Lee DY, Kim JS, Hwang PH. Transient acquired hemophilia associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. J Korean Med Sci 2008; 23:138-41. [PMID: 18303215 PMCID: PMC2526493 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.1.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired hemophilia is a rare disorder caused by autoantibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) (also referred to as factor VIII inhibitors or anti-FVIII) and may be associated with pregnancy, underlying malignancy, or autoimmune disorders. A 33-month-old girl who presented with hematochezia and ecchymotic skin lesions was diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia by serology and polymerase chain reaction. Hematologic studies showed a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), partially corrected mixing test for aPTT, reduced levels of FVIII, and the presence of antibodies against FVIII. She was treated conservatively with prednisone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) without FVIII transfusion and recovered without sequelae. This report provides the first description of acquired hemophilia due to anti-FVIII in association with M. pneumoniae in Korea. We discuss this case in the context of the current literature on acquired hemophilia in children.
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Sogen K, Tanaka M, Muraoka K, Matsumoto T, Shiraishi M, Aramaki R, Yoshimura C, Yamamoto F, Kuraki T, Watanabe K. [Case of macrolide-ineffective Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia successfully treated with intravenous ciprofloxacin]. NIHON KOKYUKI GAKKAI ZASSHI = THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE RESPIRATORY SOCIETY 2008; 46:111-115. [PMID: 18318253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A 18-year-old man complaining of remittent fever and nonproductive cough visited a nearby clinic. He did not recover despite treatment of oral azithromycin. We admitted him because his chest radiograph showed consolidation in the left upper lung field. We diagnosed his pneumonia as co-infection by non-bacterial and bacterial pathogens, and initiated treatment with intravenous ampicillin and oral clarithromycin. On the 3rd day after admission his symptom had not improved, so his treatment was changed to intravenous panipenem/betamipron and erythromycin. Ciprofloxacin was administered intravenously because consolidative shadows with atelectasis increased on the chest radiograph on the 6th day. Clinical symptoms such as fever, CRP and chest radiograph findings were rapidly improved after the start of ciprofloxacin treatment. He was discharged on the 22nd hospital day. Since serum antibody titer against Mycoplasma pneumoniae was elevated to x 20,480 on the 13th hospital day, it is confirmed that causative pathogen was macrolide-ineffective Mycoplasma Pneumoniae.
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Chu HW, Thaikoottathil J, Rino JG, Zhang G, Wu Q, Moss T, Refaeli Y, Bowler R, Wenzel SE, Chen Z, Zdunek J, Breed R, Young R, Allaire E, Martin RJ. Function and regulation of SPLUNC1 protein in Mycoplasma infection and allergic inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:3995-4002. [PMID: 17785838 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.3995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp), contribute to asthma pathobiology. To date, the mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of asthmatics to airway Mp infection remain unclear. Short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) protein is a recently described large airway epithelial cell-derived molecule that was predicted to exert host defense activities. However, SPLUNC1 function and regulation in an infectious or allergic milieu are still unknown. We determined host defense and anti-inflammatory functions of SPLUNC1 protein in Mp infection and the regulation of SPLUNC1 by Mp and allergic inflammation (e.g., IL-13). SPLUNC1 function was examined in Mp or human airway epithelial cell cultures by using SPLUNC1 recombinant protein, overexpression and RNA interference. Human and mouse bronchial epithelial SPLUNC1 was examined using immunostaining, Western blotting, ELISA, laser capture microdissection, and real-time PCR. Mouse models of Mp infection and allergic inflammation and air-liquid interface cultures of normal human primary bronchial epithelial cells were used to study SPLUNC1 regulation by Mp and IL-13. We found that: 1) SPLUNC1 protein decreased Mp levels and inhibited epithelial IL-8 production induced by Mp-derived lipoproteins; 2) normal human and mouse large airway epithelial cells expressed high levels of SPLUNC1; and 3) although Mp infection increased SPLUNC1, IL-13 significantly decreased SPLUNC1 expression and Mp clearance. Our results suggest that SPLUNC1 serves as a novel host defense protein against Mp and that an allergic setting markedly reduces SPLUNC1 expression, which may in part contribute to the persistent nature of bacterial infections in allergic airways.
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Annagür A, Kendirli SG, Yilmaz M, Altintas DU, Inal A. Is there any relationship between asthma and asthma attack in children and atypical bacterial infections; Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori. J Trop Pediatr 2007; 53:313-8. [PMID: 17535826 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmm040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by variable airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. There are many factors affecting the development and severity of childhood asthma such as genetic predisposition, atopy, environmental factors, obesity, diet, socioeconomic status, and infectious triggers. In the present study we aimed to investigate the frequency of Mycdoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Helicobacter pylori infections in asthmatic children. We investigated also whether there is a relationship between these agents and asthma attacks. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-nine asthmatic children (46 males, aged 5-15 years) were included in study. The study group was divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 37 children with asthma attacks and group 2 consisted of 42 children with stable asthma. As a control group we studied 36 healthy children. Pulmonary function tests, skin prick tests for common allergens were performed; serum total IgE, phadiatop, specific IgM and IgG antibody levels (ELISA) for M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae and H. pylori were measured in all patients. RESULTS Mycoplasma IgM and Chlamidia IgM were positive in 8.1% (3 patients) and 18.9% (7 patients) of group 1 patients, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference for Mycoplasma IgM (p = 0.031) and Chlamidia IgM (p = 0.03) between group1 and other two groups. We have not found significant difference for M. pneumoniae IgG, C. pneumoniae IgG and H. pylori IgM and IgG among groups. CONCLUSION M. Pneumoniae and C. Pneumoniae may play a role in development of asthma exacerbations in childhood. We could not find a relationship between H. Pylori and asthma.
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Yoo SJ, Oh HJ, Shin BM. Evaluation of four commercial IgG- and IgM-specific enzyme immunoassays for detecting Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody: comparison with particle agglutination assay. J Korean Med Sci 2007; 22:795-801. [PMID: 17982225 PMCID: PMC2693843 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2007.22.5.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is important due to its variable clinical manifestations and absence of response to beta-lactams. Introduction of enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for serologic diagnosis of M. pneumoniae has made it possible to separate the analyses of specific IgG and IgM antibodies. We compared four different commercial EIAs, ImmunoWELL IgG, IgM (GenBio), Medac IgG, IgA, IgM (Medac), Platelia IgG, IgM (Sanofi Pasteur), and Ridascreen IgG, IgA, IgM (r-Biopharm) with indirect particle agglutination assay (PA), Serodia-MycoII (Fujirebio). We tested 91 specimens from 73 pediatric patients (2-17 yr) hospitalized at a tertiary-care hospital between December 2005 and January 2006. The measurements of IgM EIAs were correlated with PA titers (Spearman's correlation coefficient, from 0.89 to 0.92) with high concordance rates, ranging from 82.4% to 92.3%. However, some negative IgM-EIA results in PA-positive specimens indicated that serial samplings with convalescent sera would be necessary to confirm M. pneumoniae infection.
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Christie LJ, Honarmand S, Yagi S, Ruiz S, Glaser CA. Anti-galactocerebroside testing in Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated encephalitis☆. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 189:129-31. [PMID: 17651816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is the most frequently identified pathogen in the California Encephalitis Project, but the role and mechanism of Mp is unclear. Since auto-antibodies to anti-galactocerebroside (anti-GalC) have been reported in patients with evidence of acute Mp infection of the central nervous system (CNS), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 26 patients with evidence of Mp were tested for anti-GalC antibodies. Anti-GalC antibody was found in the CSF of only eight (31%) of 21 Mp patients indicating that CSF anti-GalC antibody is not a specific marker for Mp CNS disease.
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Lin YC, Miles RJ, Nicholas RAJ, Kelly DP, Wood AP. Isolation and immunological detection of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in sheep with atypical pneumonia, and lack of a role for Mycoplasma arginini. Res Vet Sci 2007; 84:367-73. [PMID: 17662318 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae NCTC 10151(T) and four new isolates from UK sheep flocks were compared. Only glucose and pyruvate were used as energy sources by the five strains: glucose was the best energy source for the type strain, pyruvate supported better growth of the new strains. Whole cell protein patterns and antigenic profiles showed high similarity between all five strains. The new isolates fell into two groups in ELISA tests. Serum samples from 30 pneumonic sheep were assessed for M. ovipneumoniae infection and Mycoplasma arginini co-infection. Fourteen (out of 30) serum samples were positive for M. ovipneumoniae both by ELISA and immunoblotting. Twelve antigenic proteins of M. ovipneumoniae were detected in infected serum samples: the antigen patterns were unique, with between one and at least seven occurring in any one sample. All serum samples were designated as negative for M. arginini antibodies by both ELISA and immunoblotting.
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Okimoto N, Kibayashi T, Kishimoto M, Yamato K, Kurihara T, Mimura K, Honda Y, Osaki K, Asaoka N. [Positive phase periods of ImmunoCard Mycoplasma tests]. NIHON KOKYUKI GAKKAI ZASSHI = THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE RESPIRATORY SOCIETY 2007; 45:543-5. [PMID: 17682464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the positive phase period of ImmunoCard Mycoplasma tests. The subjects were 74 penumonia patients (male : 38, female : 36, 17-94 years old) with positive ImmunoCard Mycoplasma tests. ImmunoCard Mycoplasma tests were performed every week for 8 weeks later, then every 4 weeks until negative conversion. The positive phase period was within a week in 30 of 74 patients (40.5%) and within 4 weeks in 52 patients (70.3%). In each generation the positive phase period of the most patients was within a week. The positive phase period of the elderly had no tendency to be longer than that of the young patients. These results indicated that about half of the patients with positive ImmunoCard Mycoplasma tests showed Mycoplasma infection which occurred within the past 1 week.
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Ungvári I, Tölgyesi G, Semsei AF, Nagy A, Radosits K, Keszei M, Kozma GT, Falus A, Szalai C. CCR5Δ32 mutation, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:1545-7. [PMID: 17445875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wu Q, Martin RJ, Rino JG, Jeyaseelan S, Breed R, Chu HW. A deficient TLR2 signaling promotes airway mucin production inMycoplasma pneumoniae-infected allergic mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 292:L1064-72. [PMID: 17194718 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00301.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The original hygiene hypothesis suggests that early childhood respiratory infections preceding allergen exposure may decrease the prevalence of allergic diseases. We have recently demonstrated that Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection preceding allergen exposure reduced allergic responses in mice. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of M. pneumoniae in allergic responses, particularly airway mucin production, remain unclear. Wild-type and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-deficient mice with a respiratory M. pneumoniae infection preceding allergen (ovalbumin) challenge were utilized to determine the regulatory role of TLR2-IFN-γ signaling pathway in airway mucin expression. Furthermore, air-liquid interface cultures of mouse primary tracheal epithelial cells were performed to examine the effects of IFN-γ on mucin expression. In wild-type mice, M. pneumoniae infection preceding allergen challenge significantly reduced airway mucins but increased IFN-γ. In sharp contrast, in TLR2-deficient mice, M. pneumoniae preceding allergen challenge resulted in increased mucin protein without a noticeable change of IFN-γ. In cultured mouse primary tracheal epithelial cells, IFN-γ was shown to directly inhibit mucin expression in a dose-dependent manner. Our study demonstrates for the first time that a respiratory M. pneumoniae infection preceding allergen challenge reduces airway epithelial mucin expression in part through TLR2-IFN-γ signaling pathway. A bacterial infection in asthmatic subjects with weakened TLR2-IFN-γ signaling may result in an exaggerated airway mucin production.
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Narita M, Tanaka H. Cytokines involved in the severe manifestations of pulmonary diseases caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pediatr Pulmonol 2007; 42:397. [PMID: 17330264 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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69
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Rakhmanov RS, Sgibnev DV, Basalyga VN. [Combined method of community-acquired pneumonia prevention in military staff]. ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII, EPIDEMIOLOGII I IMMUNOBIOLOGII 2007:94-7. [PMID: 17523490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine "Pneumo 23" or its combination with food products prepared from vegetative material for prevention of community-acquired pneumonias has been compared. Advantages of combined method of prophylaxis in setting where pneumonia caused by different pathogens have been noted. Variability in etiology of community-acquired pneumonia was demonstrated by serological tests of patients' blood. During spring-summer season antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were detected in 25.9, 2.5, and 7.0% of the patients respectively. During autumn-winter season antibodies to M. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were detected in 30.0 and 50.0% of the patients respectively.
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Tanaka H, Takahashi H, Hayashi N. [Imaging diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia]. NIHON RINSHO. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE 2007; 65 Suppl 2 Pt. 1:240-6. [PMID: 17455624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
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Witmer CM, Steenhoff AP, Shah SS, Raffini LJ. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, splenic infarct, and transient antiphospholipid antibodies: a new association? Pediatrics 2007; 119:e292-5. [PMID: 17178923 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report 2 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pulmonary infection with splenic infarcts and transient antiphospholipid antibodies. This association has not been reported previously.
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Wu Q, Martin RJ, Rino JG, Breed R, Torres RM, Chu HW. IL-23-dependent IL-17 production is essential in neutrophil recruitment and activity in mouse lung defense against respiratory Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Microbes Infect 2006; 9:78-86. [PMID: 17198762 PMCID: PMC1832075 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2006.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
IL-23 induces IL-17 production in activated CD4+ T cells and participates in host defense against many encapsulated bacteria. However, whether the IL-23/IL-17 axis contributes to a Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp)-induced lung inflammation (e.g., neutrophils) has not been addressed. Using an acute respiratory Mp infection murine model, we found significantly up-regulated lung IL-23p19 mRNA in the early phase of infection (4h), and alveolar macrophages were an important cell source of Mp-induced IL-23. We further showed that Mp significantly increased IL-17 protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Lung gene expression of IL-17, IL-17C and IL-17F was also markedly up-regulated by Mp in vivo. IL-17 and IL-17F were found to be derived mainly from lung CD4+ T cells, and were increased upon IL-23 stimulation in vitro. In vivo blocking of IL-23p19 alone or in combination with IL-23/IL-12p40 resulted in a significant reduction of Mp-induced IL-17 protein and IL-17/IL-17F mRNA expression, which was accompanied by a trend toward reduced lung neutrophil recruitment, BAL neutrophil activity, and Mp clearance. However, IL-23 neutralization had no effect on Mp-induced lung IL-17C mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that IL-17/IL-17F production is IL-23-dependent in an acute Mp infection, and contributes to neutrophil recruitment and activity in the lung defense against the infection.
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Salvatore CM, Fonseca-Aten M, Katz-Gaynor K, Gomez AM, Mejias A, Somers C, Chavez-Bueno S, McCracken GH, Hardy RD. Respiratory tract infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in interleukin-12 knockout mice results in improved bacterial clearance and reduced pulmonary inflammation. Infect Immun 2006; 75:236-42. [PMID: 17074851 PMCID: PMC1828434 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01249-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia and is associated with asthma. Evidence links M. pneumoniae respiratory disease severity with interleukin-12 (IL-12) concentration in respiratory secretions. We evaluated the microbiologic, inflammatory, and pulmonary function indices of M. pneumoniae pneumonia in IL-12 (p35) knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice to determine the role of IL-12 in M. pneumoniae respiratory disease. Eight-week-old wild-type BALB/c mice and 8-week-old IL-12 (p35) KO BALB/c mice were inoculated once intranasally with 10(7) CFU of M. pneumoniae. Mice were evaluated at days 2, 4, and 7 after inoculation. Outcome variables included quantitative bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) M. pneumoniae culture, lung histopathologic scores (HPS), BAL cytokine concentrations determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha], gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and plethysmography, before and after methacholine, to assess airway obstruction (AO) and airway hyperreactivity (AHR). IL-12 (p35) KO mice infected with M. pneumoniae were found to have significantly lower BAL M. pneumoniae concentrations compared with M. pneumoniae-infected WT mice. Lung HPS and the parenchymal pneumonia subscores (neutrophilic alveolar infiltrate), as well as AO, were significantly lower in infected KO mice. No difference was found for AHR. Infected KO mice had significantly lower BAL concentrations of IFN-gamma than WT mice; a trend toward lower BAL concentrations was observed for IL-10 (P = 0.065) and TNF-alpha (P = 0.078). No differences were found for IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, or IL-6. The lack of IL-12 in experimental M. pneumoniae pneumonia was associated with less severe pulmonary disease and more rapid microbiologic and histologic resolution.
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Johnson S. Possibly autoantibody complications in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:1246. [PMID: 17051487 DOI: 10.1086/508471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Pan W, Xu Z, Zheng BH. [Serum levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in children with Mycoplasmal pneumonia at the acute phase]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2006; 8:373-5. [PMID: 17052393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) are typical cytokines produced by CD4(+) T cells under antigenic stimulations, and the changes of serum levels of the two cytokines can indirectly reflect the immune state and the progress of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in peripheral blood of children with Mycoplasmal pneumonia. METHODS The peripheral blood concentrations of IFN-gamma and IL-4 were measured using ELISA in 40 children with Mycoplasmal pneumonia at the acute stage. The samples from 40 healthy children were used as the Control group. RESULTS The serum concentrations of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the Mycoplasmal pneumonia group were 99.43 +/- 13.18 and 44.61 +/- 17.46 pg/mL, respectively, which were higher than those in the Control group (86.23 +/- 6.31 and 25.97 +/- 9.40 pg/mL respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was an imbalance in cytokine secretion in children with Mycoplasmal pneumonia at the acute phase, suggesting that adjuvant immunological therapy is needed for Mycoplasmal pneumonia.
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