776
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Huang Q. Women. Equal rights and status. INTEGRATION (TOKYO, JAPAN) 1994:38. [PMID: 12287783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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777
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Pogany J, Huang Q, Romero J, Nagy PD, Bujarski JJ. Infectious transcripts from PCR-amplified broad bean mottle bromovirus cDNA clones and variable nature of leader regions in RNA 3 segment. J Gen Virol 1994; 75 ( Pt 3):693-7. [PMID: 8126469 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-3-693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of broad bean mottle bromovirus (BBMV) contains three positive-sense ssRNA segments, each capped with m7GpppA. Full-length transcribable cDNA clones for four strains of BBMV were constructed by employing reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and a high fidelity Vent DNA polymerase. The transcribed BBMV RNAs contained a 5' non-viral G residue and, although delayed, produced symptoms similar to those observed in plants infected with authentic virion RNAs. The transcripts replicated inefficiently in protoplasts. In contrast, transcript-derived progeny BBMV RNAs had the repaired termini, were as infectious as the authentic BBMV RNAs and replicated to high levels in protoplasts. In vitro translation of synthetic RNAs confirmed the previously proposed gene expression strategy for BBMV. Sequencing of virion RNAs from the Bawden strain revealed two forms of BBMV RNA3 components, the longer form containing 21 5' extra nucleotides derived by the duplication of two short 5' leader regions. The relative concentration of the two RNA 3 forms was found to be host-dependent, with the longer form prevailing in broad bean and Nictiana clevelandii infections and the shorter form in bean infections.
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778
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Huang Q, Alvares K, Chu R, Bradfield C, Reddy J. Association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and Hsp72. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)37221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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779
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Sora IN, Huang Q, Lynn JW, Rosov N, Karen P, Kjekshus A, Karen VL, Mighell AD, Santoro A. Neutron-powder-diffraction study of the nuclear and magnetic structures of the substitution compound (Y1-xCax)Ba2Fe3O8+ delta (x=0.05, 0.10, and 0.20). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:3465-3472. [PMID: 10011210 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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780
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Fathi R, Huang Q, Syi JL, Delaney W, Cook AF. (Aminomethyl)phosphonate derivatives of oligonucleotides. Bioconjug Chem 1994; 5:47-57. [PMID: 8199234 DOI: 10.1021/bc00025a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Oligothymidylate (aminomethyl)phosphonates have been prepared, and their enzymatic and physicochemical properties have been studied. The individual isomers of the protected dimers have been separated, characterized, and incorporated into oligonucleotides in which the backbone consists of alternating (aminomethyl)phosphonate and phosphodiester linkages. One of these net neutral, single isomer oligonucleotides forms a duplex with its complementary sequence which is more stable than the corresponding natural counterpart, whereas the other isomer is considerably less stable. Specificity of hybridization is maintained, as determined by the reduction in melting temperature observed upon the introduction of mismatches into the complementary strand of the duplex. The (aminomethyl)-phosphonate linkage is stable toward enzymatic degradation but can be hydrolyzed in aqueous solution at elevated temperature.
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781
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Zhu Y, Alvares K, Huang Q, Rao MS, Reddy JK. Cloning of a new member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene family from mouse liver. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:26817-20. [PMID: 8262913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferators are postulated to elicit predictable pleiotropic responses in the liver by activating a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). PPARs from mouse liver (mPPAR), rat liver (rPPAR), and Xenopus liver (xPPAR gamma) have been cloned recently. We now report the cloning of a new member from mouse liver which we designate mPPAR gamma. mPPAR gamma cDNA contained an open reading frame encoding a 475-amino acid protein exhibiting 75% amino acid similarity to xPPAR gamma, while it showed only 55% identity with mPPAR. The ligand-binding and DNA-binding domains are best conserved between mPPAR gamma, mPPAR, and xPPAR gamma. Like rPPAR, mPPAR gamma is able to impart peroxisome proliferator responsiveness to the promoter of peroxisomal bifunctional gene, which encodes the second enzyme of the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation system. Northern blot analysis revealed high expression of mPPAR gamma gene in mouse liver, kidney, and heart and low expression in the lung, testis, brain, skeletal muscle, and spleen. In mice treated with ciprofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator, a 2-fold increase in mPPAR gamma mRNA was observed in the liver and kidney. The presence of two PPARs in the mouse liver suggests the possibility of multiple signaling pathways for the peroxisome proliferator-induced pleiotropic responses.
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782
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Wei M, Zhu L, Huang Q, Xu W, Li B. Study on the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese drugs in experimental glomerulonephritis. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1993; 13:287-93. [PMID: 8139280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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783
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Cao X, Chen Y, Liang S, Huang Q, Li S, Mao W. [The 43KD polypeptide in the proteins of human lens]. YAN KE XUE BAO = EYE SCIENCE 1993; 9:183-5. [PMID: 7957852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The total proteins, water--soluble proteins and the urea--soluble proteins of the lens from fetal, adult and senile cataract were determined by SDS--PAGE. It was found that there was a 43KD polypeptide in the capsular--epithelium of all lens stated above. The band on SDS-PAGE corresponding to 43KD polypeptide was wide in the water--soluble proteins of the cortex and nucleus of the lenses obtained from over 14-year-old individuals. It became blurred in the urea--soluble proteins of cortex and nucleus of lens with aging, whereas it became almost disappeared in the senile cataract lens.
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784
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Choi ME, Kim EG, Huang Q, Ballermann BJ. Rat mesangial cell hypertrophy in response to transforming growth factor-beta 1. Kidney Int 1993; 44:948-58. [PMID: 8264154 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1993.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Central features of progressive glomerular sclerosis are initial glomerular hypertrophy and subsequent accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Since TGF-beta 1 may play a key role in this glomerular response to injury, the present study sought to explore further TGF-beta 1 actions and regulated expression of its receptor in rat mesangial cells. The rat TGF-beta type II receptor (TGF-beta RII) homolog was cloned by screening a rat kidney cDNA library with a human TGF-beta RII cDNA probe, and sequenced. Expression of this receptor subtype in rat mesangial cells was then demonstrated by RNase protection assay, and by Northern blot analysis of poly (A)+ RNA, TGF-beta RII expression was down-regulated in cells treated with exogenous TGF-beta 1. Affinity cross linking studies demonstrated presence of this receptor on cell surface. Rat mesangial cells also expressed TGF-beta 1 and autoinduction by TGF-beta 1 was observed in the same cells, suggesting that this polypeptide may act in an autocrine fashion on mesangial cells, and that it may stimulate a positive autoamplification loop. TGF-beta 1 inhibited mesangial cell proliferation and stimulated significant overall protein and collagen production. Furthermore, mesangial cell size increased in response to chronic TGF-beta 1 treatment. These findings demonstrate that rat mesangial cells express key components of the TGF-beta system and raise the intriguing possibility that in the glomerular mesangium, TGF-beta 1 may not only induce extracellular matrix synthesis, but may also participate in the process of glomerular hypertrophy in response to injury.
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785
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Mirvish SS, Huang Q, Chen SC, Birt DF, Clark GW, Hinder RA, Smyrk TC, DeMeester TR. Metabolism of carcinogenic nitrosamines in the rat and human esophagus and induction of esophageal adenocarcinoma in rats. Endoscopy 1993; 25:627-31. [PMID: 8119218 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism is discussed by which certain nitrosamines induce esophageal papillomas and squamous cancer in rats, and some evidence is presented for the view that nitrosamines also induce the same cancer in humans, especially in China and South Africa. Studies on the metabolism of nitrosamines by cytochrome P450 isozymes in rat and human esophagus, including the activation reactions of formaldehyde and pentaldehyde formation from methyl-n-amylnitrosamine (MNAN), are reviewed. These reactions are catalyzed by microsomes from the rat and human esophagus, probably because these microsomes contain specific cytochrome P450 isozymes. Evidence is reviewed for the occurrence of nitrosamines related to MNAN in fungus-infected corn. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is rising in Western countries. The precursor lesion, Barrett's esophagus, is associated with colon cancer, suggesting a role for bile salts in the induction of the esophageal tumor. Studies are described in which rats were subjected to esophago-duodenostomy (joining the duodenum to the esophagus) and then treated with nitrosamines that normally induce esophageal squamous cancer. Adenocarcinomas of the lower esophagus were induced as well as Barrett's esophagus (under one set of conditions). Feeding a high-fat diet with this system increased the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma. This tumor was not induced when the operation was changed to esophago-gastroplasty (widening the lower esophageal sphincter). These results support a role of reflux of duodenal contents (including bile and pancreatic juice) rather than of gastric contents in the etiology of human esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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786
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Bordet P, Chaillout C, Marezio M, Huang Q, Santoro A, Cheong SW, Takagi H, Oglesby CS, Batlogg B. Structural aspects of the crystallographic-magnetic transition in LaVO3around 140 K. Acta Crystallogr A 1993. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767378091485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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787
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Huang Q, Liu S, Tang Y, Jing S, Wang Y. Active center geometry and depurine mechanism studies of complexes of two ribosome-inactivating proteins. Acta Crystallogr A 1993. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767378098207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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788
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Hiort O, Huang Q, Sinnecker GH, Sadeghi-Nejad A, Kruse K, Wolfe HJ, Yandell DW. Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of androgen receptor gene mutations in patients with androgen insensitivity syndromes: application for diagnosis, genetic counseling, and therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 77:262-6. [PMID: 8325950 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.77.1.8325950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that mutations in the androgen receptor gene are associated with androgen insensitivity syndromes, a heterogeneous group of related disorders involving defective sexual differentiation in karyotypic males. In this report, we address the possibility of rapid mutational analysis of the androgen receptor gene for initial diagnosis, genetic counseling, and molecular subclassification of affected patients and their families. DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes of six patients from five families with various degrees of androgen insensitivity was studied. Exons 2 to 8 of the androgen receptor gene were analyzed using a combination of single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct DNA sequencing. Female family members were also studied to identify heterozygote carriers. Point mutations in the AR gene were identified in all six patients, and all mutations caused amino acid substitutions. One patient with incomplete androgen insensitivity was a mosaic for the mutation. Four of the five mothers, as well as a young sister of one patient, were carriers of the mutation present in the affected child. Our data show that new mutations may occur in the androgen receptor gene leading to sporadic androgen insensitivity syndrome. Molecular genetic characterization of the variant allele can serve as a primary tool for diagnosis and subsequent therapy, and can provide a basis for distinguishing heterozygous carriers in familial androgen resistance. The identification of carriers is of substantial clinical importance for genetic counseling.
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789
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Romero J, Huang Q, Pogany J, Bujarski JJ. Characterization of defective interfering RNA components that increase symptom severity of broad bean mottle virus infections. Virology 1993; 194:576-84. [PMID: 8503176 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1993.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Several strains of the broad bean mottle virus (BBMV), an icosahedral tripartite plant RNA virus, which show distinct reactions on certain plant hosts have been described (K. M. Makkouk et al., Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 94, 195-212, 1988). Here we report defective interfering (DI) RNAs encapsidated in two BBMV strains from Morocco and Tunisia. While not effective in some plants, these DI RNAs exacerbated the severity of symptoms in others. The most dramatic, lethal effect of DI RNAs has been found on pea (Pisum sativum, cv. Rondo) seedlings. Sequence analysis has revealed that the DI RNAs were derived by single in-frame central deletions of 448 to 537 nt in the corresponding genomic RNA2 components. A comparison of the intensities of full-length RNA2 bands from DI molecule-containing and DI molecule-deficient virion RNA preparations revealed that the DI RNAs decreased the level of RNA2 components in total RNA preparations. The differences between corresponding virion RNAs were much smaller. This suggests an interference with RNA replication. In vitro assays and an analysis of the polyribosomal RNA fractions confirmed the translational activity of DI RNAs. This paper reports the first description of natural DI RNAs in tripartite isometric plant RNA viruses.
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790
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Huang Q, Wang S, Chen SC, Babcook DM, Park SS, Gelboin HV, Mirvish SS. Hydroxylation and dealkylation of methyl-n-butylnitrosamine and role of certain cytochrome P-450 isozymes in these reactions. Cancer Lett 1993; 69:107-16. [PMID: 8495399 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(93)90162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We studied the metabolism of methyl-n-butyl-nitrosamine (MBN), a carcinogen for the rat esophagus and liver. The 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxy derivatives were identified as new metabolites of MBN. In studies on tissue slices freshly removed from MRC-Wistar rats, MBN metabolism resembled that of the previously studied methyl-amylnitrosamine in the esophagus catalyzed 2- and 3- hydroxylation; liver, omega-1 hydroxylation; and lung, omega-hydroxylation of both nitrosamines. Liver microsomes from Sprague-Dawley rats catalyzed 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxylation of MBN, as well as the previously studied activating reactions of demethylation and debutylation. Phenobarbital induced all five reactions of MBN bh rat liver microsomes, especially debutylation; 3-methylhol-anthrene induced 3-hydroxylation and debutylation and isoniazid induced demethylation and debutylation. Monoclonal antibodies that inhibit specific cytochrome P-450 isozymes were used to identify the isozymes involved in each reaction. Antibody 4-7-1 appeared more specific than the previously used antibody 2-66-3 for inhibiting P-450 2B1 and/or 2B2. For the metabolism of both MBN and methylamylnitrosamine by rat liver microsomes, the antibody results indicated that P-450 2C11 mainly catalyzed demethylation and omega-1 hydroxylation, P-450 1A1 or 1A2 catalyzed 3-hydroxylation and debutylation or depentylation, P-450 2E1 produced demethylation and P-450 2B1 or 2B2 produced omega-1 hydroxylation, demethylation and debutylation or depentylation.
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791
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Amenomori M, Cao Z, Ding LK, Feng ZY, Hibino K, Hotta N, Huang Q, Huo AX, Jia HY, Jiang GZ, Jiao SQ, Kajino F, Kasahara K, Mei DM, Meng L, Meng XR, Mizutani K, Mu J, Nanjo H, Nishizawa M, Oguro A, Ohnishi M, Ohta I, Ren JR, Saito T, Sakata M, Shi ZZ, Shibata M, Shirai T, Sugimoto H, Sun XX, Tai A, Taira K, Tan YH, Tateyama N, Torii S, Wang H, Wen CZ, Yamamoto Y, Yao XY, Yu GC, Yuan P, Yuda T, Zeng JG, Zhang CS, Zhang HM, Zhang L, Zhou WD. Cosmic-ray deficit from the directions of the Moon and the Sun detected with the Tibet air-shower array. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1993; 47:2675-2681. [PMID: 10015867 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.47.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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792
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Huang Q, Lawson TA, Chung FL, Morris CR, Mervish SS. Inhibition by phenylethyl and phenylhexyl isothiocyanate of metabolism of and DNA methylation by N-nitrosomethylamylamine in rats. Carcinogenesis 1993; 14:749-54. [PMID: 8472342 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/14.4.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of 2-phenylethyl and 6-phenylhexyl isothiocyanate (PEITC and PHITC) on the metabolism of the rat esophageal carcinogen, N-nitrosomethylamylamine (NMAA). PEITC was administered orally to MRC-Wistar rats as single doses of 0.1 or 1.0 mmol/kg, or by other regimens. When esophagi and liver slices from the treated rats were incubated with 23 microM NMAA, the formation of 2- to 5-hydroxy-NMAA was inhibited by 45-90% for esophagus and by 14-19% for liver slices. In contrast, when esophagi and liver slices from untreated MRC-Wistar rats were incubated in vitro with NMAA and 10 microM PEITC, the PEITC inhibited hydroxy-NMAA formation similarly (by 79-89%) in the two tissues. Also, PEITC inhibited the formation from NMAA of the hydroxy-NMAAs, formaldehyde and pentaldehyde by esophageal and liver microsomes to similar extents. In studies on DNA methylation by NMAA, 7- and O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) were determined by HPLC with fluorimetric detection. Guanine methylation in esophageal and liver DNA was generally close to linear for doses of 5-50 mg NMAA/kg. With 50 mg NMAA/kg, guanine methylation in esophageal and liver DNA peaked after 5 h, and 8-11% of the peak O6-MeG persisted after 72 h. A single dose of 0.1 or 1.0 mmol PEITC/kg reduced the O6-MeG levels by 44-51% in the esophagus but by only 7-22% in the liver. Administration of the PEITC homolog, PHITC, inhibited NMAA metabolism by liver slices from the treated rats and the methylation of guanine in liver DNA, but had little effect in the esophagus, i.e. PHITC tended to have the opposite tissue specificity to PEITC. The finding that administration of PEITC specifically inhibited NMAA metabolism in the rat esophagus supports the view that PEITC may be a useful chemopreventive agent against esophageal carcinogenesis in humans.
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793
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Huang Q, Zhou D, St John WM. Cerebellar control of expiratory activities of medullary neurons and spinal nerves. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1993; 74:1934-40. [PMID: 8514714 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1993.74.4.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Expiratory-related activities of spinal nerves are augmented after stimulation of the infracerebellar nucleus of the cerebellum. These stimulations alter neither inspiratory spinal neural activities nor inspiratory and expiratory laryngeal neural activities. It was hypothesized that efferents from the infracerebellar nucleus impinge on spinal motoneurons by a pathway that bypasses the medulla. In decerebrate, paralyzed, and vagotomized cats, phrenic and expiratory triangularis sterni activities and activities of medullary respiratory neurons were recorded. During infracerebellar stimulation, activities increased for expiratory bulbospinal neurons and neurons with tonic discharge patterns. After unilateral ablation of the infracerebellar nucleus by kainic acid, triangularis sterni discharge was eliminated and activities of expiratory bulbospinal neurons continued at reduced frequencies. Stimulations of the anterior interposed nucleus caused both inspiratory and expiratory activities to increase, whereas no systematic changes followed stimulations of the vermis. Results establish that at least a portion of the changes in expiratory activities of spinal motoneurons after perturbations of the infracerebellar nucleus occurs secondarily to changes in activities of medullary neurons. The possibility of separate cerebellar projections to medullary and spinal neurons is discussed.
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794
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Levine B, Huang Q, Isaacs JT, Reed JC, Griffin DE, Hardwick JM. Conversion of lytic to persistent alphavirus infection by the bcl-2 cellular oncogene. Nature 1993; 361:739-42. [PMID: 8441470 DOI: 10.1038/361739a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about virus-host cell interactions that regulate the lytic potential of viruses during productive replication. Sindbis virus (SV), a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus in the alphavirus genus (family Togaviridae), results in lytic infection in most vertebrate cell lines, but persistent productive infection in post-mitotic neurons. The cellular oncogene bcl-2, which encodes an inner mitochondrial membrane protein of M(r) 26,000 (ref. 2), blocks programmed cell death (apoptosis) in neurons. We therefore investigated whether SV infection induces programmed cell death in non-neuronal cells, and if so, whether virus-induced programmed cell death can be blocked by transfection with bcl-2. We demonstrate that SV infection of baby hamster kidney (BHK-2), mouse neuroblastoma (N18), and rat prostatic adenocarcinoma (AT-3) cells results in programmed cell death, whereas SV infection of bcl-2-transfected AT-3 cells results in long-term persistent productive infection. Thus cellular bcl-2 oncogene expression plays a role in the establishment of persistent viral infection by blocking virus-induced programmed cell death.
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795
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Huang Q, Liu S, Tang Y. Refined 1.6 A resolution crystal structure of the complex formed between porcine beta-trypsin and MCTI-A, a trypsin inhibitor of the squash family. Detailed comparison with bovine beta-trypsin and its complex. J Mol Biol 1993; 229:1022-36. [PMID: 8445634 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1993.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the complex formed by porcine beta-trypsin with the MCTI-A inhibitor (Momordica charantia, Linn. Cucurbitaceae) has been determined at 1.6 A resolution using the molecular replacement method. The sequence of MCTI-A was determined by recognizing the electron density, and shows that MCTI-A is a member of the squash family of trypsin inhibitors. We report the first high-resolution structure of porcine beta-trypsin. Detailed comparisons have been made on the overall structure, solvent structure and active-site geometries between this complex and bovine beta-trypsin and its complexes. On the basis of our results, we discuss the interaction patterns between inhibitor and trypsin. Unlike other complex structures formed by bovine trypsin with inhibitors, no out-of-plane distortion around the inhibitor's scissible peptide was observed. The role of the trypsin catalytic triad is also discussed on the basis of this structure.
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796
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Cybulsky AV, Carbonetto S, Cyr MD, McTavish AJ, Huang Q. Extracellular matrix-stimulated phospholipase activation is mediated by beta 1-integrin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1993; 264:C323-32. [PMID: 8447365 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1993.264.2.c323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
beta 1-Integrins are major mediators of interactions between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Adhesion of rat glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) to collagen stimulated phospholipase C. As a result, 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) was increased, and inositol phospholipids were decreased in collagen-adherent cells, as compared with GEC adherent to plastic substrata. Adhesion to collagen also stimulated production of free arachidonic acid (the precursor for eicosanoids) due to metabolism of DAG through the DAG lipase pathway and due to phospholipase A2-induced hydrolysis of phospholipids. Phospholipase A2 appeared to be stimulated as a result of protein kinase C (PKC) activation, probably secondary to increased DAG. The collagen-induced increases in DAG and free arachidonic acid, as well as the decrease in inositol phospholipids, were partially inhibited by lowering extracellular Ca2+ concentration to 200 nM or less and by anti-beta 1-integrin antibody Fab. In contrast, anti-beta 1-integrin immunoglobulin G (IgG) enhanced collagen-mediated increases in DAG and arachidonic acid. Proliferation of GEC adherent to collagen was reduced in the presence of anti-beta 1-integrin IgG. The antiproliferative effect of anti-beta 1-IgG appeared to be mediated through PKC, since it was absent in PKC-depleted GEC. Immunoprecipitation with integrin subunit-specific antibodies demonstrated alpha 2 beta 1- and alpha 3 beta 1-integrins in GEC. Thus, in GEC, ECM induces activation of phospholipases C and A2, which is mediated, at least in part, by beta 1-integrins. Products of integrin-mediated phospholipase activation may modulate GEC proliferation.
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797
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Huang Q, Zhou D, Chase K, Gusella JF, Aronin N, DiFiglia M. Immunohistochemical localization of the D1 dopamine receptor in rat brain reveals its axonal transport, pre- and postsynaptic localization, and prevalence in the basal ganglia, limbic system, and thalamic reticular nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:11988-92. [PMID: 1281547 PMCID: PMC50683 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.24.11988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
D1 dopamine receptor localization was examined by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal anti-peptide antibody which (i) immunoprecipitated a protein fragment encoded by a D1 receptor cDNA and (ii) on Western blots of solubilized striatal and hippocampal membranes recognized two proteins of approximately 50 kDa and 75 kDa, corresponding to reported sizes of D1 receptor proteins. Immunoreactivity overlapped with dopamine-containing pathways, patterns of D1 receptor binding, and mRNA expression. Staining was concentrated in prefrontal, cingulate, parietal, piriform, entorhinal, and hippocampal cortical areas and subcortically in the basal ganglia, amygdala, septal area, substantia inominata, thalamus, hypothalamus, and neurohypophysis. Prominent labeling was seen in the thalamic reticular nucleus, a region known to integrate ascending basal forebrain inputs with thalamocortical and corticothalamic pathways and in fiber bundles interconnecting limbic areas. In striatal neuropil, staining appeared in spines (heads and necks), at postsynaptic sites in dendrites, and in axon terminals; in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra, labeling was prevalent in myelinated and unmyelinated axons and dendrites. These data provide direct evidence for the regional and subcellular distribution of D1 receptor protein in the brain and for its pre- and postsynaptic localization in the basal ganglia. The prominent immunoreactivity seen in the limbic system and thalamic reticular nucleus supports an important role for this receptor subtype in mediating integrative processes involved with learning, memory, and cognition.
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798
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Cybulsky AV, Carbonetto S, Huang Q, McTavish AJ, Cyr MD. Adhesion of rat glomerular epithelial cells to extracellular matrices: role of beta 1 integrins. Kidney Int 1992; 42:1099-106. [PMID: 1280701 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1992.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) maintain glomerular permselectivity and are a target of immunological glomerular injury, which may lead to proliferation or detachment from extracellular matrix (ECM). We studied adhesion mechanisms in rat GEC in culture, focusing on adhesion molecules of the beta 1 integrin family. At early time points (1 hr after plating of cells into culture wells that had been pre-incubated with purified ECM proteins), adhesion of GEC to collagen I, collagen IV, laminin, and fibronectin was inhibited with anti-beta 1 integrin antibody. The peptide RGDS inhibited adhesion to fibronectin and laminin. Immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated the presence of alpha 2, alpha 3, and beta 1 integrins; the alpha 1, alpha 4, alpha 5, alpha 6, alpha v, and beta 3 subunits were undetectable. Adhesion to all ECM proteins was dependent on divalent cations, but the effects of individual cations varied among substrata. In rat GEC, alpha 2 beta 1 and/or alpha 3 beta 1 integrins appear to mediate adhesion to collagen I, collagen IV, and laminin. The alpha 3 beta 1 integrin is also the likely receptor for fibronectin, interacting through an RGD binding site. Furthermore, single integrins or combinations of integrins appear to have distinct ligand-binding functions that are differentially regulated by divalent cations. Characterization of GEC adhesion molecules may facilitate the understanding of mechanisms of glomerular development, and cell detachment or proliferation in immune glomerular injury.
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Amenomori M, Cao Z, Ding LK, Feng ZY, Hibino K, Hotta N, Huang Q, Huo AX, Jia HY, Jiang GZ, Jiao SQ, Kajino F, Kasahara K, Mei DM, Meng L, Meng XR, Mizutani K, Mu J, Nanjo H, Nishizawa M, Oguro A, Ohnishi M, Ohta I, Ren JR, Saito T, Sakata M, Shi ZZ, Shibata M, Shirai T, Sugimoto H, Sun XX, Tai A, Taira K, Tan YH, Tateyama N, Torii S, Wang H, Wen CZ, Yamamoto Y, Yao XY, Yu GC, Yuan P, Yuda T, Zeng JG, Zhang CS, Zhang HM, Zhang L, Zhou WD. Search for steady emission of 10-TeV gamma rays from the Crab Nebula, Cygnus X-3, and Hercules X-1 using the Tibet air shower array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:2468-2471. [PMID: 10046502 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Huang Q, Lu S, Dai G, Liang J. A new type of borate double salt: structure of LiBa2B5O10. Acta Crystallogr C 1992. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270191013549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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