Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach. An immunohistochemical study

The surgically excised stomachs were re-examined histopathologically, and eighteen cases were placed in the category of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH). The distribution and the classes of infiltrating immunoglobulin (Ig) bearing cells were examined on lesions of RLH cases together with ten histopathologically determined malignant lymphomas (ML) of the stomach and the control stomachs. It was found that in eleven cases of RLH and one case of ML, many lymphoid cells bearing different classes of Ig were present in those lesions in an intermingled way (polyspecific group). Meanwhile, lymphoid cells in three RLH cases and two ML cases bore only a single monospecific Ig (monospecific group). In other cases, the number of Ig bearing cells were not sufficient to reach any clear conclusions (undetermined group). It was speculated that regardless of the histopathological diagnosis, the monospecific group might belong to the category of neoplasm of B cell type and the polyspecific group in the category of true reactive process. The possible histopathological criteria for differentiation of the reactive process and lymphoid neoplasm of the stomach were re-checked, and the importance of immunohistochemical study on these cases were stressed.

Threefolds whose canonical bundles are not numerically effective

Let X be an arbitrary nonsingular projective 3-fold whose canonical bundle is not numerically effective. Then we have: (i) X contains an exceptional divisor of several types, which we classify explicitly, (ii) X has a morphism to a projective nonsingular surface whose fibers are conics, (iii) X has a morphism to a projective nonsingular curve whose general fibers are Del Pezzo surfaces, or (iv) X is a Fano 3-fold with Picard number 1.

[Studies on the stability of aclacinomycin hydrochloride. I. Stability of solution of aclacinomycin hydrochloride (author's transl)]

Aclacinomycin is an antitumor anthracycline antibiotic isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces galilaeus MA144-M1. In this study, the effects of heat, light and pH on the aqueous solution of aclacinomycin hydrochloride (ACM-HCl) were investigated. The following results were found: (1) The kinetic studies revealed that the thermal inactivation of ACM-HCl solution (pH 4.5) was based on the apparent first-order reaction and that Arrhenius equation was confirmed to be established between the rate constants and temperatures. When ACM-HCl solution was stored at 20, 10 and 5 degrees C, the estimated term of ACM-HCl solution at the time when the initial activity (100%) reduced to 90% residual concentration was 1.5, 6 and 12 months, respectively. (2) It was clarified by pH-log k profile that ACM-HCl solution was most stable near at pH 4.5. (3) The higher the buffer concentration was used, the faster the degradation rate, but there was no difference between the residual activity ratios at the various concentrations of ACM-HCl solution. (4) The inactivation of ACM-HCl solution under sunlight occurred in a type of zero-order reaction so that the faster inactivation rates were obtained at the more diluted concentration of ACM-HCl. (5) The major degradation products of ACM-HCl solution were 1-deoxypyrromycin (DP), MA144 S1 (S1) and bisanhydroaklavinone (F1). DP and S1 were mainly found at pH below 4.0 and F1 at pH above 5.0. The degradation under sunlight gave L1 (N-monodemethyl ACM) accompanied by the degradation of aglycone moiety in part.

Primary Hodgkin's disease of the falx cerebri

A case of the falx tumor of a 60-year-old man is reported. The tumor consisted of a pleomorphic mixture of lymphoid cells, histiocytes, atypical reticulum cells, and bizarre giant cells, including the diagnostic Reed-Sternberg cells. No transitional forms among these cells were observed. This is the first report of primary Hodgkin's disease of the dura matter, as verified by complete necropsy.

Effect of a single dose of glucocorticoid on the diurnal variations of TSH, thyroxine, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, 3,3'5'-triiodothyronine and cortisol in normal men

Plasma thyrotropin (TSH) and cortisol concentrations were suppressed immediately after an intravenous bolus dose of 8 mg betamethasone in 6 male subjects. The circadian variations of these hormones disappeared for 40 hr (TSH) and 44 hr (cortisol). Plasma thyroxine (T4), 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3) levels did not show diurnal variations before betamethasone administration. Plasma T3 levels decreased to 66% of the basal levels 20 hr after batamethasone administration, whereas plasma reverse T3 levels increased to 163% of the basal levels at 24 hr. These changes were reversed by 3 to 5 days after betamethasone. The earlier recovery of the diurnal rhythm of TSH than that of cortisol suggests that the TSH rhythm is not under the direct control of circulating cortisol.

Characteristics of two cell lines (TE-1 and TE-2) derived from human squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Two epithelial cell lines (TE-1 and TE-2) have been established from a well or poorly differentiated human squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. TE-1 has been subcultured 120 times during 2 years and 10 months, and TE-2, 50 times for almost 2 years. Cultured cells grew as isolated and piled-up colonies of epithelial cells. The average doubling time of the TE-1 cell line was 60 hr and that of TE-2, 72 hr. Distinctive marker chromosomes and a male karyotype were present in TE-1, but no marker chromosomes were seen in TE-2. Scanning electron microscopic examinations of both TE-1 and TE-2 confirmed the presence of desmosomes and interdigitated microvilli. Transmission electron micrographs of TE-1 showed the presence of abundant cell organelles, and a few organelles were found in the scanty cytoplasm of TE-2. There was a marked difference in the cell organelles between TE-1 and TE-2. Heterotransplantation of the cultured TE-1 and TE-2 cells produced tumors, the histological appearance of which was similar to that of the original ones. The carcinoembryonic antigen level of the medium in the confluent culture of TE-2 was 270 ng/10(6) cells. In the cytoplasm of TE-1 cells the number of paracrystals, which were produced by treatment with vinblastine sulfate, increased by the addition of cholera toxin to the medium.

Some problems on the histopathological diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma -- a proposal of a new type

A new classification for non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma is proposed as the one suited for the Lymphomas in Japan, which is to provide a new subtype "pleomorphic" for those more or less rapid-growing lymphomas of peripheral T-cell nature, along with another subtype lymphoblastic, after Nathwani et al. for those of central T-cell nature. The proposal is based on the result of the investigation by the Study Group for Histopathological Diagnosis on Malignant Lymphoma that (1) the presence of a significant number of T-cell lymphomas with peculiar "pleomorphism" is responsible for the very low reproducibility rate of histopathological diagnosis on the diffuse, mixed L&H type of Rappaport classification, and (2) the relative incidence of lymphoms as peripheral T-cell nature including the so-called adult T-cell leukemia is much higher in Japan than in the Western countries.

Preoperative assessment of resectability for carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. Part I. Esophagogram and azygogram

The length and radiologic type of tumor, esophageal axis and azygogram were examined in 208 patients with carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus who underwent esophageal resection from 1965 to 1975. An histologic examination was performed on all resected specimens. These examinations were used as diagnostic aids to determine the resectability of esophageal carcinoma before surgery. Tumor length did not seem an adequate parameter on deciding resectability; nor did the radiologic type of tumor. Examination of the esophageal axis was in determining resectability. The azygogram gave the most accurate information about resectability of these 4 parameters. The probability of a correct diagnosis regarding differentiation of noncurative a3 lesions from other resectable lesions was 85.6%.

The screening test of various chemotherapeutic drugs in primary malignant melanoma cells and human malignant melanoma cell line (TM-1)

The sensitivities to various chemotherapeutic drugs of the primary malignant melanoma cell of the esophagus and the malignant melanoma cells established from human skin were studied by determining the incoporation of 3H-thymidine into tumor cells using the tissue culture method. The incorporation of 3H-thymidine was depressed by a low concentration of Actinomycin D in malignant melanoma cells of the esophagus and by a low concentration of Adriamycin or Actinomycin D in the established malignant melanoma cells. When Actinomycin D was clinically used according to the experimental results, the subcutaneously metastasized tumor was remarkably reduced.

Effect of deficiencies of single essential amino acids on nitrogen and energy utilisation in chicks

1. Diets 50% deficient in single essential amino acids were fed to chicks from day 8 to day 18 after hatching to evaluate body-weight gain, food consumption, body composition, nitrogen (N) and energy utilisation. 2. Body-weight gain was reduced most severely by deficiency of isoleucine followed in decreasing order by threonine, arginine, valine, histidine, tryptophan, methionine plus cystine, phenylalanine plus tyrosine, leucine and lysine, and possible reasons for the differences are discussed. 3. Body-weight gain and food efficiency were highly correlated with food consumption but metabolisable energy value of diets was not affected by single essential amino acid deficiencies. 4. Generally N retention (N retained/N consumed) and energy retention (energy retained/energy consumed) reflected food consumption, except for a lower N retention by chicks fed on the methionine plus cystine-deficient diet and for a lower energy retention by chicks fed on the valine deficient diet. 5. The amino acid deficient in the diet was present at very low concentration in the blood plasma.

Phase measurement using an interferometer having a filamentary spatial filter and an extended source of polychromatic light

The theory of phase measurement by means of the interferometer using a filamentary spatial filter (IFSF) is extended to the case in which the source has finite width. Experimental results satisfactorily coincide with theoretically obtained characteristics. The examination of accuracy suggests that the error in phi/2pi can be easily restricted to within 0.01. It is hoped that the IFSF will improve efficiencies in the measurement of dispersive power of a fluid and the method of coincidence being used in the measurement of a distance between reflecting surfaces, because it can simultaneously measure phases in various wavelengths if a polychrometer is set in the rear of the image plane.

Results of intraocular lens insertion for traumatic eyes and effects on binocular vision

Eighteen traumatic eyes were inserted with Medallion lenses in a very complex operation procedure. Eight patients were examined for binocular vision and compared with eight nonpseudophakic eyes. With the exception of tropic eyes, they regained binocular vision. We obtained very hopeful results for the management of seriously traumatic eyes through this study.

Controlled locomotion in the mesencephalic cat: distribution of facilitatory and inhibitory regions within pontine tegmentum

1. The contribution of postural tonus to controlled locomotion elicited by the stimulation of mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) was studied in the acute precolicular-postmammillary decerebrate (mesencephalic) cat. 2. A microelectrode was placed in the unilateral MLR and another was placed systematically at 1-mm increments throughout the pons (H--4 to H--1O) at level ranging from P2 to P11 dorsoventrally and mediolaterally from 0 to L or R6. Depending on the general condition of the animal, stimuli through this second electrode were delivered preceding, succeeding, or simultaneous with the MLR stimulation. 3. Stimulation of the ventral part of the caudal tegmental field (P3 to P9, H--6 to H--8) increased extensor tonus of the hindlimbs, as assessed by recording muscle activity. Concomitant stimulation of this region converted MLR-elicited hindlimb stepping to coordinated four-legged locomotion and also elicited locomotion even when stimulation of the MLR alone failed to elicit locomotion. Stimulation of this ventral tegmental region alone at a larger stimulus intensity elicited spastic locomotor movements associated with a substantial increase in extensor tonus. 4. Stimulation of the lateral tegmented field surrounding the pontine locomotor region (PLR) also facilitated MLR effects, but had a relatively weaker facilitatory effect on postural tonus then stimulation of the ventrocaudal tegmental field. PLR stimulation alone was also ineffective when postural tonus was not well maintained. 5 Stimulation of the dorsal part of caudal tegmental field (P3 to P9, H--4 to H--6) in its midline dramatically decreased extensor tonus of the hindlimbs. MLR-elicited controlled locomotion was completely suppressed during concomitant stimulation of this inhibitory region. 6. These results indicated clearly that the degree of existing postural tonus greatly affects MLR-elicited locomotor movements and that an increase in postural tonus and an activation of the spinal stepping generator are not separate phenomenia.

[Angiographically visualized extravasation in a case of arteriovenous malformation: the first case in Japan (author's transl)]

A case of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with angiographically visualized extravasation of contrast medium on carotid angiography has been reported. The patient, a 9-year-old girl, came to our clinic with chief complaints of unconsciousness and left hemiplegia. On right carotid angiogram, done 4 hours after stroke, an AVM with a large intracerebral hematoma at the region of the right basal ganglia was recognized. The AVM was feeded from several lenticulostriate arteries and a small branch from precentral artery, and drained into thalamostriate vein. The extravasation of contrast medium was seen in a sash like fashion through arterial and venous phase. Extravasation of contrast medium from AVM has been extremely rarely reported, and this is considered as the third reported case. From the study of these 3 cases, we have discussed about the rarity of the extravasation from AVM and the causative factors.

Parenchymal weight of the parathyroid gland and the kidney in chronic glomerulonephritis

This histomorphometrical study was performed on the kidney and the parathyroid glands of autopsy cases of chronic glomerulonephritis. The kidneys showed atrophy in varying degrees. Weight of the parathyroid glands increased because of proliferation of parenchyma. Weight of parathyroid parenchyma correlated negatively with weight of the kidney and volume density of tubules in renal cortex.

Psychosomatic studies of Japanese youth under social changes. An overview

Psychosomatic studies of adolescent patients were conducted at the Kyushu University Hospital. Among many adolescent psychosomatic disorders, the incidence of irritable colon syndrome ranked first. The dynamic mechanisms and therapeutic results of these patients were introduced. Next, an epidemiological study showed that the frequency of constipation and diarrhea rapidly increases over the period from junior high school to senior high school. Through matched pair studies conducted with high school students, significant interrelationships were proven to exist among the occurrence of diarrhea and constipation, awareness of illness and psychological factors.

[Clinical evaluation on glucocorticoid administration in the neurosurgical patients (the third report)--serial plasma cortisol assay following betamethasone 8 mg intravenous injection (author's transl)]

The effect of betamethasone on plasma cortisol concentrations was studied in 6 healty adult men. Each of them was administered 8 mg of betamethasone in a single intravenous injection. Blood samples were obtained serially for 2 days before the injection of betamethasone and for a week after the injection. Plasma cortisol was measured by competitive protein binding analysis. Before the injection of betamethasone plasma cortisol levels showed the normal diurnal rhythm in all the cases. After the injection plasma cortisol levels decreased rapidly and a mean half life time was about 1.7 hours. The low levels of plasma cortisol under 2 microgram/ml were observed for 48 hours after the injection, and then the diurnal rythm of plasma cortisol reappeared, but the levels of plasma cortisol at this time were still lower than the control levels. Then plasma cortisol levles increased gradually and they returned to the control levels 5 days after the injection. Thus, it was clarified that the suppressive effect of 8 mg or betamethasone on plasma cortisol concentrations lasted at least for 48 hours. From this point of view the time interval or repetitive glucocorticoid administration for the treatment of brain edema will further be studied.