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Schultze A, Paredes R, Sabin C, Phillips AN, Pillay D, Mackie N, Castagna A, Chadwick D, Falconer K, Geretti AM, Post FA, Hill T, Kirk O, Pozniak A, Nelson M, Tostevin A, Dunn D, Lundgren J, Cozzi-Lepri A. The association between detected drug resistance mutations and CD4 + T-cell decline in HIV-positive individuals maintained on a failing treatment regimen. Antivir Ther 2019. [PMID: 28627486 DOI: 10.3851/imp3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyse the effect of drug resistance mutations (DRM) on CD4+ T-cell (CD4) trends in HIV-positive people maintained on virologically failing antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS Individuals from two large cohorts experiencing virological failure (VF) while maintained on ART with ≥1 CD4 count and ≥1 resistance test were included. CD4 slopes were estimated using linear mixed models. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the effect of clusters of mutations, defined using extracted component based scores from the PCA, on CD4 decline. RESULTS 5,357 individuals contributing 7,661 VF episodes were included: any DRM were detected in 88.8% of episodes. After adjustment, CD4 counts declined less steeply during episodes where DRM were detected compared to episodes with no DRM (difference =28 cells/mm3/year, 95% CI =18, 39; P<0.001). Among individuals with at least one DRM, we found evidence that any nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance, the reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations M184V, D67N and T215Y as well as the protease mutations V82A and I54V were associated with reduced CD4 declines. The detection of any non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance, the RT mutations V179D and L74V were associated with steeper CD4 declines. The presence of some mutation patterns similar to the clusters identified by the PCA also affected the CD4 decline. CONCLUSIONS Detection of resistance and of certain DRM during VF of ART has a small but significant favourable effect on CD4 decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schultze
- Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Roger Paredes
- Institut de Recerca de la SIDA-IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
| | - Caroline Sabin
- Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Deenan Pillay
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, London, UK.,Africa Centre for Population Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Nicola Mackie
- Department of HIV, Sexual Health and Infections, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - David Chadwick
- Centre for Clinical Infection, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Karolin Falconer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Maria Geretti
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Frank A Post
- Department of Sexual Health and HIV, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Teresa Hill
- Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Ole Kirk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHIP, Section 2100, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anton Pozniak
- St Stephens AIDS Trust, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mark Nelson
- St Stephens AIDS Trust, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anna Tostevin
- Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - David Dunn
- Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK.,MRC Clinical Trials Unit, UCL, London, UK
| | - Jens Lundgren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHIP, Section 2100, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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152
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Schultze A, Graham S, Nordstrom BL, Mehmud F, Ramagopalan SV. Commonly used definitions in real-world studies may underestimate the prevalence of renal disease among nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients. J Comp Eff Res 2019; 8:961-968. [PMID: 31317772 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2019-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To describe comorbidities among treated nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients and assess the impact of using different time ('look back' windows) on the prevalence estimates. Patients & methods: We included all adult nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients newly initiating treatment in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Comorbidities included in the Charlson Comorbidity Index were defined using an all available, 3- and 1-year look back window before the start of treatment. Results: The prevalence of comorbidities was high and increased when using longer look back windows; the largest difference was observed for renal disease (+15.6%). Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the importance of using all available data when characterizing chronic conditions and highlights the high comorbidity burden in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Faisal Mehmud
- Centre for Observational Research & Data Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Uxbridge, UB8 1DH, UK
| | - Sreeram V Ramagopalan
- Centre for Observational Research & Data Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Uxbridge, UB8 1DH, UK
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153
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McDonald L, Stein D, Carroll R, Soni M, Schultze A, Ramagopalan S, Wagstaff J. Extracting data from a chemotherapy prescription platform for real-world oncology research in the UK: a pilot study. Future Oncol 2019; 15:2471-2477. [PMID: 31161801 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In the UK, there are limited data sources for evaluating real-world research questions related to oncology therapy. We conducted a pilot study to investigate the feasibility of extracting data directly from a chemotherapy prescription platform (ChemoCare®) utilized in standard care. Patients & methods: Concordance was compared with data extracted manually for patients with advanced melanoma as part of a concurrent chart review (gold-standard) using Cohen's kappa and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: There was high concordance between data automatically extracted from the prescription platform and chart review data. Conclusion: This pilot can be used as a framework for future studies using direct, automated extraction from prescription platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Wagstaff
- South West Wales Cancer Institute, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
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154
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Pinto CA, Tervonen T, Marsh K, Lambrelli D, Schultze A, Tershakovec A, Hyacinthe J, Prawitz T, Hammad TA. Personalized benefit-risk assessments combining clinical trial and real-world data provide further insights into which patients may benefit most from therapy: Demonstration for a new oral antiplatelet therapy. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2019; 28:443-451. [PMID: 30848010 DOI: 10.1002/pds.4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative benefit-risk (B-R) assessments are used to characterize treatment by combining key benefits and risks into a single metric but have historically been done for the "average" patient. Our aim was to conduct an individualized assessment for the oral antiplatelet vorapaxar by combining trial and real-world data to further personalize the treatment profiles. METHODS Using linked UK health care databases, we developed risk prediction equations for key ischemic and bleeding events using Cox proportional hazards models. Trial hazard ratios, relative to placebo, were applied to baseline risk estimates to compute expected attributable risks, summed to derive a per-patient net clinical benefit (NCB). High risk subgroups were defined a priori, and Gaussian mixture models (GMM) were fit to characterize the NCB distribution and identify subgroups with similar NCBs. RESULTS NCB was consistently positive for all subgroups, likely due to the outcome correlation, and would remain positive with a 12-fold increase in bleeding risk. GMMs identified three distinct NCB subgroups. Compared with the middle/lower NCB subgroups, those with a higher NCB tended to be older, female, and have higher CV disease burden. CONCLUSIONS Personalized B-R assessments are feasible and clinically valuable and can be used to better predict who would benefit most from therapy.
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155
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Caro-Vega Y, Schultze A, W Efsen AM, Post FA, Panteleev A, Skrahin A, Miro JM, Girardi E, Podlekareva DN, Lundgren JD, Sierra-Madero J, Toibaro J, Andrade-Villanueva J, Tetradov S, Fehr J, Caylà J, Losso MH, Miller RF, Mocroft A, Kirk O, Crabtree-Ramírez B. Differences in response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive patients being treated for tuberculosis in Eastern Europe, Western Europe and Latin America. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:191. [PMID: 29685113 PMCID: PMC5914014 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are preferred for treatment of adult HIV-positive patients co-infected with tuberculosis (HIV/TB). Few studies have compared outcomes among HIV/TB patients treated with efavirenz or non-efavirenz containing regimens. Methods HIV-positive patients aged ≥16 years with a diagnosis of tuberculosis recruited to the TB:HIV study between Jan 1, 2011, and Dec 31, 2013 in 19 countries in Eastern Europe (EE), Western Europe (WE), and Latin America (LA) who received ART concomitantly with TB treatment were included. Patients either received efavirenz-containing ART starting between 15 days prior to, during, or within 90 days after starting tuberculosis treatment, (efavirenz group), or other ART regimens (non-efavirenz group). Patients who started ART more than 90 days after initiation of TB treatment, or who experienced ART interruption of more than 15 days during TB treatment were excluded. We describe rates and factors associated with death, virological suppression, and loss to follow up at 12 months using univariate, multivariate Cox, and marginal structural models to compare the two groups of patients. Results Of 965 patients (647 receiving efavirenz-containing ART, and 318 a non-efavirenz regimen) 50% were from EE, 28% from WE, and 22% from LA. Among those not receiving efavirenz-containing ART, regimens mainly contained a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (57%), or raltegravir (22%). At 12 months 1.4% of patients in WE had died, compared to 20% in EE: rates of virological suppression ranged from 21% in EE to 61% in WE. After adjusting for potential confounders, rates of death (adjusted Hazard Ratio; aHR, 95%CI: 1.13, 0.72–1.78), virological suppression (aHR, 95%CI: 0.97, 0.76–1.22), and loss to follow up (aHR, 95%CI: 1.17, 0.81–1.67), were similar in patients treated with efavirenz and non-efavirenz containing ART regimens. Conclusion In this large, prospective cohort, the response to ART varied significantly across geographical regions, whereas the ART regimen (efavirenz or non-efavirenz containing) did not impact on the proportion of patients who were virologically-suppressed, lost to follow up or dead at 12 months. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3077-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanink Caro-Vega
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anna Schultze
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Anne Marie W Efsen
- Centre for Health and Infectious Disease Research (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank A Post
- Department of Sexual Health, Caldecot Centre, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Aliaksandr Skrahin
- Clinical Department, Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and TB, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Jose M Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - IDIBAPS. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Department of Infectious Diseases INMI "L. Spallanzani", Ospedale L Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Daria N Podlekareva
- Centre for Health and Infectious Disease Research (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D Lundgren
- Centre for Health and Infectious Disease Research (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juan Sierra-Madero
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Toibaro
- HIV Unit, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejia and CICAL, Fundación IBIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Simona Tetradov
- Dr Victor Babes' Hospital of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Bucharest AND 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jan Fehr
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joan Caylà
- Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona: Programa Integrado de Investigación en Tuberculosis de SEPAR (PII-TB); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo H Losso
- HIV Unit, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejia and CICAL, Fundación IBIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Robert F Miller
- Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda Mocroft
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Ole Kirk
- Centre for Health and Infectious Disease Research (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brenda Crabtree-Ramírez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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156
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McDonald L, Schultze A, Carroll R, Ramagopalan SV. Performing studies using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink: to link or not to link? Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 33:601-605. [PMID: 29619668 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-018-0389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) is a repository of electronic medical records collected during routine primary care clinical practice in the UK, and is one of the most widely used sources of real-world data for healthcare research. Although CPRD provides access to comprehensive longitudinal patient records, the data does not fully capture diagnoses or outcomes occurring in secondary care and/or mortality. We provide here an overview of CPRD and the potential bias when using unlinked data in certain situations. Linkage of CPRD to other datasets can help to overcome these limitations. We discuss when to consider linkage to secondary care, disease-specific data sources or the official mortality data when conducting research using CPRD data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McDonald
- Centre for Observational Research and Data Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Uxbridge, UB8 1DH, UK
| | | | | | - Sreeram V Ramagopalan
- Centre for Observational Research and Data Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Uxbridge, UB8 1DH, UK.
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157
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Efsen AMW, Schultze A, Miller RF, Panteleev A, Skrahin A, Podlekareva DN, Miro JM, Girardi E, Furrer H, Losso MH, Toibaro J, Caylà JA, Mocroft A, Lundgren JD, Post FA, Kirk O. Management of MDR-TB in HIV co-infected patients in Eastern Europe: Results from the TB:HIV study. J Infect 2018; 76:44-54. [PMID: 29061336 PMCID: PMC6293190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mortality among HIV patients with tuberculosis (TB) remains high in Eastern Europe (EE), but details of TB and HIV management remain scarce. METHODS In this prospective study, we describe the TB treatment regimens of patients with multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB and use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). RESULTS A total of 105 HIV-positive patients had MDR-TB (including 33 with extensive drug resistance) and 130 pan-susceptible TB. Adequate initial TB treatment was provided for 8% of patients with MDR-TB compared with 80% of those with pan-susceptible TB. By twelve months, an estimated 57.3% (95%CI 41.5-74.1) of MDR-TB patients had started adequate treatment. While 67% received ART, HIV-RNA suppression was demonstrated in only 23%. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that internationally recommended MDR-TB treatment regimens were infrequently used and that ART use and viral suppression was well below the target of 90%, reflecting the challenging patient population and the environment in which health care is provided. Urgent improvement of management of patients with TB/HIV in EE, in particular for those with MDR-TB, is needed and includes widespread access to rapid TB diagnostics, better access to and use of second-line TB drugs, timely ART initiation with viral load monitoring, and integration of TB/HIV care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M W Efsen
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | - A Schultze
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - R F Miller
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - A Panteleev
- Department of HIV/TB, TB hospital 2, Ushinskogo str 39/1 - 122, St. Petersburg 195267, Russia
| | - A Skrahin
- Clinical Department, Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and TB, Minsk, Belarus
| | - D N Podlekareva
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - J M Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - E Girardi
- Department of Infectious Diseases INMI "L. Spallanzani", Ospedale L Spallanzani, Via Portuense, 292, Rome 00149, Italy
| | - H Furrer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - M H Losso
- Department of immunocompromised, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejia, Pabellón de Cliníca, 2do Piso, Buenos Aires CP 1221, Argentina
| | - J Toibaro
- Department of immunocompromised, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejia, Pabellón de Cliníca, 2do Piso, Buenos Aires CP 1221, Argentina
| | - J A Caylà
- Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Programa Integrado de Investigación en Tuberculosis de SEPAR (PII-TB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Mocroft
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - J D Lundgren
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - F A Post
- Department of Sexual Health, Caldecot Centre, King's College Hospital, Bessemer Road, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - O Kirk
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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158
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McDonald
- Centre for Observational Research and Data Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Uxbridge UB8 1DH, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Sreeram V Ramagopalan
- Centre for Observational Research and Data Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Uxbridge UB8 1DH, UK
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159
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McDonald L, Schultze A, Simpson A, Graham S, Wasiak R, Ramagopalan SV. A review of data sharing statements in observational studies published in the BMJ: A cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2017; 6:1708. [PMID: 29167735 PMCID: PMC5676190 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12673.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the current state of data sharing in observational research studies, we reviewed data sharing statements of observational studies published in a general medical journal, the British Medical Journal. We found that the majority (63%) of observational studies published between 2015 and 2017 included a statement that implied that data used in the study could not be shared. If the findings of our exploratory study are confirmed, room for improvement in the sharing of real-world or observational research data exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McDonald
- Centre for Observational Research and Data Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Uxbridge, UB8 1DH, UK
| | | | - Alex Simpson
- Real-World Evidence, Evidera, London, W6 8DL, UK
| | | | - Radek Wasiak
- Real-World Evidence, Evidera, London, W6 8DL, UK
| | - Sreeram V Ramagopalan
- Centre for Observational Research and Data Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Uxbridge, UB8 1DH, UK
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160
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Moser A, Schulte Steinberg B, Zeller T, Eickholt C, Ojeda-Echevarria F, Mayer-Runge U, Schultze A, Blankenberg S, Willems S, Schnabel R, Karakas M. P2682Efficacy of acute intravenous therapy with potassium, magnesium and metoprolol in recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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161
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Schulte Steinberg B, Moser A, Zeller T, Eickholt C, Ojeda-Echevarria F, Mayer-Runge U, Schultze A, Blankenberg S, Willems S, Schnabel R, Karakas M. P810Previous catheter ablation is the strongest predictor of conversion in recent-onset atrial fibrillation - Results from the prospective HAMBURG-AF study. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx501.p810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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162
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Podlekareva DN, Efsen AMW, Schultze A, Post FA, Skrahina AM, Panteleev A, Furrer H, Miller RF, Losso MH, Toibaro J, Miro JM, Vassilenko A, Girardi E, Bruyand M, Obel N, Lundgren JD, Mocroft A, Kirk O. Tuberculosis-related mortality in people living with HIV in Europe and Latin America: an international cohort study. Lancet HIV 2016; 3:e120-e131. [PMID: 26939735 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(15)00252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of tuberculosis in patients with HIV in eastern Europe is complicated by the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, low rates of drug susceptibility testing, and poor access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We report 1 year mortality estimates from a multiregional (eastern Europe, western Europe, and Latin America) prospective cohort study: the TB:HIV study. METHODS Consecutive HIV-positive patients aged 16 years or older with a diagnosis of tuberculosis between Jan 1, 2011, and Dec 31, 2013, were enrolled from 62 HIV and tuberculosis clinics in 19 countries in eastern Europe, western Europe, and Latin America. The primary endpoint was death within 12 months after starting tuberculosis treatment; all deaths were classified according to whether or not they were tuberculosis related. Follow-up was either until death, the final visit, or 12 months after baseline, whichever occurred first. Risk factors for all-cause and tuberculosis-related deaths were assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox models. FINDINGS Of 1406 patients (834 in eastern Europe, 317 in western Europe, and 255 in Latin America), 264 (19%) died within 12 months. 188 (71%) of these deaths were tuberculosis related. The probability of all-cause death was 29% (95% CI 26-32) in eastern Europe, 4% (3-7) in western Europe, and 11% (8-16) in Latin America (p<0·0001) and the corresponding probabilities of tuberculosis-related death were 23% (20-26), 1% (0-3), and 4% (2-8), respectively (p<0·0001). Patients receiving care outside eastern Europe had a 77% decreased risk of death: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0·23 (95% CI 0·16-0·31). In eastern Europe, compared with patients who started a regimen with at least three active antituberculosis drugs, those who started fewer than three active antituberculosis drugs were at a higher risk of tuberculosis-related death (aHR 3·17; 95% CI 1·83-5·49) as were those who did not have baseline drug-susceptibility tests (2·24; 1·31-3·83). Other prognostic factors for increased tuberculosis-related mortality were disseminated tuberculosis and a low CD4 cell count. 18% of patients were receiving ART at tuberculosis diagnosis in eastern Europe compared with 44% in western Europe and 39% in Latin America (p<0·0001); 12 months later the proportions were 67% in eastern Europe, 92% in western Europe, and 85% in Latin America (p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Patients with HIV and tuberculosis in eastern Europe have a risk of death nearly four-times higher than that in patients from western Europe and Latin America. This increased mortality rate is associated with modifiable risk factors such as lack of drug susceptibility testing and suboptimal initial antituberculosis treatment in settings with a high prevalence of drug resistance. Urgent action is needed to improve tuberculosis care for patients living with HIV in eastern Europe. FUNDING EU Seventh Framework Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria N Podlekareva
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne Marie W Efsen
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Schultze
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Frank A Post
- Department of Sexual Health, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alena M Skrahina
- Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and TB, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Hansjakob Furrer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert F Miller
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marcelo H Losso
- Department of Immunocompromised, Hospital J M Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Toibaro
- Department of Immunocompromised, Hospital J M Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose M Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vassilenko
- Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus; Department of Infectious Diseases, City Clinical Hospital of infectious Diseases, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Department of Infectious Diseases INMI "L. Spallanzani", Ospedale L Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Mathias Bruyand
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre Inserm U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Niels Obel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D Lundgren
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda Mocroft
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Ole Kirk
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Efsen AMW, Schultze A, Post FA, Panteleev A, Furrer H, Miller RF, Losso MH, Toibaro J, Skrahin A, Miro JM, Caylà JA, Girardi E, Bruyand M, Obel N, Podlekareva DN, Lundgren JD, Mocroft A, Kirk O. Major Challenges in Clinical Management of TB/HIV Coinfected Patients in Eastern Europe Compared with Western Europe and Latin America. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145380. [PMID: 26716686 PMCID: PMC4696866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rates of TB/HIV coinfection and multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB are increasing in Eastern Europe (EE). We aimed to study clinical characteristics, factors associated with MDR-TB and predicted activity of empiric anti-TB treatment at time of TB diagnosis among TB/HIV coinfected patients in EE, Western Europe (WE) and Latin America (LA). DESIGN AND METHODS Between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, 1413 TB/HIV patients (62 clinics in 19 countries in EE, WE, Southern Europe (SE), and LA) were enrolled. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between EE (N = 844), WE (N = 152), SE (N = 164), and LA (N = 253) in the proportion of patients with a definite TB diagnosis (47%, 71%, 72% and 40%, p<0.0001), MDR-TB (40%, 5%, 3% and 15%, p<0.0001), and use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (17%, 40%, 44% and 35%, p<0.0001). Injecting drug use (adjusted OR (aOR) = 2.03 (95% CI 1.00-4.09), prior anti-TB treatment (3.42 (1.88-6.22)), and living in EE (7.19 (3.28-15.78)) were associated with MDR-TB. Among 585 patients with drug susceptibility test (DST) results, the empiric (i.e. without knowledge of the DST results) anti-TB treatment included ≥3 active drugs in 66% of participants in EE compared with 90-96% in other regions (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In EE, TB/HIV patients were less likely to receive a definite TB diagnosis, more likely to house MDR-TB and commonly received empiric anti-TB treatment with reduced activity. Improved management of TB/HIV patients in EE requires better access to TB diagnostics including DSTs, empiric anti-TB therapy directed at both susceptible and MDR-TB, and more widespread use of cART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie W. Efsen
- Centre for Health and Infectious Disease Research (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, CHIP, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Schultze
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank A. Post
- Department of Sexual Health, Caldecot Centre, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hansjakob Furrer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert F. Miller
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo H. Losso
- Department of immunocompromised, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Toibaro
- Department of immunocompromised, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aliaksandr Skrahin
- Clinical Department, Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and TB, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Jose M. Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic–IDIBAPS. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan A. Caylà
- Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Programa Integrado de Investigación en Tuberculosis de SEPAR (PII-TB); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Department of Infectious Diseases INMI "L. Spallanzani", Ospedale L Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Mathias Bruyand
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre Inserm U897- Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Niels Obel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daria N. Podlekareva
- Centre for Health and Infectious Disease Research (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, CHIP, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D. Lundgren
- Centre for Health and Infectious Disease Research (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, CHIP, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda Mocroft
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ole Kirk
- Centre for Health and Infectious Disease Research (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, CHIP, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Meng K, Peters S, Schultze A, Pfeifer K, Faller H. Der Einfluss von 2 Implementierungsinterventionen auf die Implementierungsgüte einer standardisierten Rückenschulung in der orthopädischen Rehabilitation. REHABILITATION 2015; 54:325-31. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1555911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Meng
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie, Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaften, Universität Würzburg
| | - S. Peters
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie, Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaften, Universität Würzburg
| | - A. Schultze
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie, Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaften, Universität Würzburg
| | - K. Pfeifer
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft und Sport, Arbeitsbereich Bewegung und Gesundheit, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - H. Faller
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie, Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaften, Universität Würzburg
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165
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Schultze A, Akmatov MK, Andrzejak M, Karras N, Kemmling Y, Maulhardt A, Wieghold S, Ahrens W, Günther K, Schlenz H, Krause G, Pessler F. Comparison of stool collection on site versus at home in a population-based study : feasibility and participants' preference in Pretest 2 of the German National Cohort. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2015; 57:1264-9. [PMID: 25293889 PMCID: PMC4210724 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-014-2051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For certain laboratory investigations it is necessary to obtain native stool samples and process them within a narrow time window at the point of contact or a nearby laboratory. However, it is not known whether it is feasible to obtain stool samples from asymptomatic individuals during an appointment in a study center (SC). We therefore compared participants' preference, feasibility and acceptance of stool sample collection during the appointment at the study center (on-site sampling) to collection at home after the appointment. METHODS The study was conducted at two sites in Northern Germany (Bremen, n = 156; Hannover, n = 147) during the Pretest 2 phase of the German National Cohort (GNC), drawing upon a randomly selected population supplemented by a small convenience sample. In the study center, the participants were given the choice to provide a stool sample during the appointment or to collect a sample later at home and return it by mail. RESULTS In all, 303 of the 351 participants (86 %) of Pretest 2 at these sites participated in this feasibility study. Only 7.9 % (24/303) of the participants chose on-site collection, whereas 92 % (279/303) chose at-home collection. There were significant differences between the two study sites in that 14 % (21/147) of participants in Hannover and 2 % (3/156) of participants in Bremen chose on-site collection. Compliance was high in both groups, as 100 % (24/24) and 98 % (272/279) of participants in the on-site and at-home groups, respectively, provided complete samples. Both methods were highly accepted, as 92 % of the participants in each group (22/24 and 227/248) stated that stool collection at the respective site was acceptable. CONCLUSION When given a choice, most participants in this population-based study preferred home collection of stool samples to collection in the study center. Thus, native stool samples for immediate processing in the study center may potentially be obtained only from a subpopulation of participants, which may lead to selection bias. Home collection, on the other hand, proved to be a highly feasible method for studies that do not require freshly collected native stool.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schultze
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany,
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166
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Mansfeld M, Skrahina A, Shepherd L, Schultze A, Panteleev AM, Miller RF, Miro JM, Zeltina I, Tetradov S, Furrer H, Kirk O, Grzeszczuk A, Bolokadze N, Matteelli A, Post FA, Lundgren JD, Mocroft A, Efsen A, Podlekareva DN. Major differences in organization and availability of health care and medicines for HIV/TB coinfected patients across Europe. HIV Med 2015; 16:544-52. [PMID: 25959854 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the organization and delivery of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) health care and to analyse potential differences between treatment centres in Eastern (EE) and Western Europe (WE). METHODS Thirty-eight European HIV and TB treatment centres participating in the TB:HIV study within EuroCoord completed a survey on health care management for coinfected patients in 2013 (EE: 17 respondents; WE:21; 76% of all TB:HIV centres). Descriptive statistics were obtained for regional comparisons. The reported data on health care strategies were compared with actual clinical practice at patient level via data derived from the TB:HIV study. RESULTS Respondent centres in EE comprised: Belarus (n = 3), Estonia (1), Georgia (1), Latvia (1), Lithuania (1), Poland (4), Romania (1), the Russian Federation (4) and Ukraine (1); those in WE comprised: Belgium (1), Denmark (1), France (1), Italy (7), Spain (2), Switzerland (1) and UK (8). Compared with WE, treatment of HIV and TB in EE are less often located at the same site (47% in EE versus 100% in WE; P < 0.001) and less often provided by the same doctors (41% versus 90%, respectively; P = 0.002), whereas regular screening of HIV-infected patients for TB (80% versus 40%, respectively; P = 0.037) and directly observed treatment (88% versus 20%, respectively; P < 0.001) were more common in EE. The reported availability of rifabutin and second- and third-line anti-TB drugs was lower, and opioid substitution therapy (OST) was available at fewer centres in EE compared with WE (53% versus 100%, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Major differences exist between EE and WE in relation to the organization and delivery of health care for HIV/TB-coinfected patients and the availability of anti-TB drugs and OST. Significant discrepancies between reported and actual clinical practices were found in EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mansfeld
- CHIP (Centre for Health and Infectious Disease Research), Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 2100, Rigshospitalet - University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Skrahina
- Research Institute of Pulmonology and Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Minsk, Belarus
| | - L Shepherd
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - A Schultze
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - A M Panteleev
- TB Hospital #2, St Petersburg, Russia.,St Petersburg AIDS Centre, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - R F Miller
- Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - J M Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Zeltina
- Infectology Centre of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - S Tetradov
- 'Dr Victor Babes' Hospital of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.,'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - H Furrer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - O Kirk
- CHIP (Centre for Health and Infectious Disease Research), Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 2100, Rigshospitalet - University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Grzeszczuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - N Bolokadze
- Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - A Matteelli
- Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - F A Post
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J D Lundgren
- CHIP (Centre for Health and Infectious Disease Research), Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 2100, Rigshospitalet - University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Mocroft
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Amw Efsen
- CHIP (Centre for Health and Infectious Disease Research), Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 2100, Rigshospitalet - University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D N Podlekareva
- CHIP (Centre for Health and Infectious Disease Research), Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 2100, Rigshospitalet - University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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167
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Karner T, Kellner I, Schultze A, Breer H, Krieger JÃ. Co-expression of six tightly clustered odorant receptor genes in the antenna of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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168
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Peters S, Schultze A, Pfeifer K, Faller H, Meng K. [Acceptance of the Implementation of Standardised Patient Education Programmes by the Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Team Using the Example of a Back School - A Qualitative Study]. Gesundheitswesen 2014; 78:148-55. [PMID: 25531158 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1390445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The transfer of standardised patient education programmes into practice is a complex process with a multitude of influencing factors. Determinants relate among others to the organisation and individuals (e. g., practitioner, patient). Knowledge about individual factors regarding the trainers of patient education programmes in the German rehabilitation system is scarce. The aim of this study is to explore the acceptance of trainers concerning the implementation of a standardised back school and to derive facilitators and barriers to the implementation of patient education programmes. METHODS Semi-structured guideline-based interviews were conducted in 10 rehabilitation clinics. The sample consisted of 46 trainers (25 women): 11 physicians, 11 psychologists, 21 physio-/exercise therapists and 3 occupational therapists with a mean age of 41. The opinions of the trainers regarding the central components of back schools in general, their opinions about the new curriculum, their expectations on its implementation, anticipated difficulties with implementation and requests to the project team were explored as indicators for acceptance. The data were analysed with a multi-step qualitative content analysis. RESULTS 6 main categories comprising 136 subcategories were created and 729 quotations coded. Regarding the central components that should be covered by back schools, back-friendly behaviour was addressed most often. Opinions regarding the new curriculum were mostly positive. Trainers' approval of content and methods was highlighted and the similarity with existing offers in the clinics as well as the structure of the programme were rated positively. The trainers expected an increased patient orientation and personal development as well as a common, coherent language and interdisciplinarity. Difficulties were anticipated regarding time and personnel as well as therapy and appointment planning and also regarding the motivation/acceptance of patients. A wish for communication, education of trainers and feedback was directed at the project team. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates high acceptance of programme implementation and central components of modern patient education programmes among trainers. The basis of individual facilitators and barriers has been investigated and might contribute to further development of implementation interventions. Communication and education considering those factors play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peters
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft und Sport, Lehrstuhl Bewegung und Gesundheit, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | - A Schultze
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie, Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaften, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - K Pfeifer
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft und Sport, Lehrstuhl Bewegung und Gesundheit, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | - H Faller
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie, Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaften, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - K Meng
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie, Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaften, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg
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Cozzi-Lepri A, Noguera-Julian M, Di Giallonardo F, Schuurman R, Däumer M, Aitken S, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, D'Arminio Monforte A, Geretti AM, Booth CL, Kaiser R, Michalik C, Jansen K, Masquelier B, Bellecave P, Kouyos RD, Castro E, Furrer H, Schultze A, Günthard HF, Brun-Vezinet F, Paredes R, Metzner KJ. Low-frequency drug-resistant HIV-1 and risk of virological failure to first-line NNRTI-based ART: a multicohort European case-control study using centralized ultrasensitive 454 pyrosequencing. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 70:930-40. [PMID: 25336166 PMCID: PMC4319483 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives It is still debated if pre-existing minority drug-resistant HIV-1 variants (MVs) affect the virological outcomes of first-line NNRTI-containing ART. Methods This Europe-wide case–control study included ART-naive subjects infected with drug-susceptible HIV-1 as revealed by population sequencing, who achieved virological suppression on first-line ART including one NNRTI. Cases experienced virological failure and controls were subjects from the same cohort whose viraemia remained suppressed at a matched time since initiation of ART. Blinded, centralized 454 pyrosequencing with parallel bioinformatic analysis in two laboratories was used to identify MVs in the 1%–25% frequency range. ORs of virological failure according to MV detection were estimated by logistic regression. Results Two hundred and sixty samples (76 cases and 184 controls), mostly subtype B (73.5%), were used for the analysis. Identical MVs were detected in the two laboratories. 31.6% of cases and 16.8% of controls harboured pre-existing MVs. Detection of at least one MV versus no MVs was associated with an increased risk of virological failure (OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.35–5.60, P = 0.005); similar associations were observed for at least one MV versus no NRTI MVs (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 0.76–6.77, P = 0.140) and at least one MV versus no NNRTI MVs (OR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.12–5.18, P = 0.024). A dose–effect relationship between virological failure and mutational load was found. Conclusions Pre-existing MVs more than double the risk of virological failure to first-line NNRTI-based ART.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Noguera-Julian
- Institut de Recerca de la SIDA IrsiCaixa i Unitat VIH, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat de Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesca Di Giallonardo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rob Schuurman
- Department of Virology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Däumer
- Institut für Immunologie und Genetik, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sue Aitken
- Department of Virology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Antonella D'Arminio Monforte
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, 'San Paolo' Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Geretti
- Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Clare L Booth
- Department of Virology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rolf Kaiser
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Michalik
- Competence Network for HIV/AIDS, Bochum, Germany and Clinic for Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology of the Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany Clinical Trial Centre (ZKS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Jansen
- Competence Network for HIV/AIDS, Bochum, Germany and Clinic for Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology of the Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bernard Masquelier
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Bordeaux and MFP-UMR5234, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pantxika Bellecave
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Bordeaux and MFP-UMR5234, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
| | - Roger D Kouyos
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erika Castro
- Addiction Medicine, Service of Community Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hansjakob Furrer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Paredes
- Institut de Recerca de la SIDA IrsiCaixa i Unitat VIH, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat de Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Karin J Metzner
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Schultze A, Breer H, Krieger J. The blunt trichoid sensillum of female mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae: odorant binding protein and receptor types. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:426-37. [PMID: 24719560 PMCID: PMC3979995 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to find a blood host and to select appropriate oviposition sites female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes rely on olfactory cues which are sensed by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) located within morphologically different sensilla hairs. While the sharp type trichoid sensilla are most abundant and intensely studied, the striking blunt type trichoid sensilla exist only in small numbers and their specific function is unknown. It has been suggested that they may play a role in the detection of chemical cues indicating oviposition sites. With the aim of identifying molecular elements in blunt type trichoid sensilla, which may be relevant for chemosensory function of this sensillum type, experiments were performed which include whole mount fluorescence in situ hybridization (WM-FISH) and fluorescence immunohistochemistry (WM-FIHC). The studies were concentrated on odorant binding proteins (AgOBPs) and odorant receptors (AgORs). WM-FISH approaches using a probe for the plus-C class AgOBP47 led to the labeling of cells, which resembled in number and antennal distribution pattern the blunt type trichoid sensilla. Moreover, WM-FIHC with an antiserum for AgOBP47 allowed to assign the AgOBP47-expressing cells to blunt type trichoid sensilla and to allocate the protein within the sensillum hair shafts. The result of double WM-FISH-experiments and combined WM-FIHC/FISH approaches indicated that the AgOBP47-expressing cells are co-localized with cells, which express AgOR11, AgOR13 and AgOR55. In addition, it turned out that the two receptor types AgOR13 and AgOR55 are co-expressed in the same cells. Together, the results indicate that the blunt type trichoid sensilla contain a characteristic binding protein, plus-C AgOBP47, in the sensillum lymph and two sensory neurons, one cell which express the odorant receptor AgOR11 and a second cell which express the receptor types AgOR13 and AgOR55. The expression of characteristic chemosensory elements in blunt type trichoid sensilla supports the notion that this sensillum type is involved in sensing distinct odorous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schultze
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Physiology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heinz Breer
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Physiology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krieger
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Physiology, Stuttgart, Germany
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Pregitzer P, Schultze A, Raming K, Breer H, Krieger J. Expression of a GABA(B) - receptor in olfactory sensory neurons of sensilla trichodea on the male antenna of the moth Heliothis virescens. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:707-15. [PMID: 23904795 PMCID: PMC3729013 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the olfactory pathway of Drosophila, a GABAB receptor mediated presynaptic gain control mechanism at the first synapse between olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and projection neurons has been suggested to play a critical role in setting the sensitivity and detection range of the sensory system. To approach the question if such a mechanism may be realized in the pheromone recognition system of male moths in this study attempts were made to explore if moth's pheromone-responsive cells express a GABAB- receptor. Employing a combination of genome analysis, RT-PCR experiments and screening of an antennal cDNA library we have identified a cDNA which encodes the GABAB-R1 receptor of Heliothis virescens. Moreover, based on the HvirGABAB-R1 sequence we could predict a GABAB-R1 protein from genome sequences of the silkmoth Bombyx mori. To assess whether HvirGABAB-R1 is expressed in OSNs of male antenna we performed whole-mount in situ hybridization (WM-ISH) experiments. Several HvirGABAB-R1 positive cells were visualized under long sensilla trichodea, known to contain pheromone-responsive OSNs. In parallel it was shown that cells under long trichoid hairs were labelled with pheromone receptor specific probes. In addition, the HvirGABAB-R1 specific probe also labelled several cells under shorter olfactory sensilla, but never stained cells under mechanosensory/gustatory sensilla chaetica. Together, the results indicate that a GABAB receptor is expressed in pheromone-responsive OSNs of H. virescens and suggest a presynaptic gain control mechanism in the axon terminals of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pregitzer
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Physiology, Stuttgart, Germany
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172
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Schultze A, Schymura D, Forstner M, Krieger J. Expression pattern of a 'Plus-C' class odorant binding protein in the antenna of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Insect Mol Biol 2012; 21:187-195. [PMID: 22211989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Ag), olfaction plays a crucial role in various behaviours, most strikingly in the seeking of females after a blood meal. The first step of odorant recognition in antennal sensilla involves soluble odorant binding proteins (OBPs), which transfer odorous compounds to olfactory receptors (ORs) in the dendritic membrane of sensory neurons. A particular OBP subtype of the 'Plus-C' class, called AgOBP48, is abundantly transcribed in female antennae and partially down-regulated after a blood meal, suggesting a possible role in host detection. In the present study, we have identified the AgOBP48-expressing cells, explored their antennal topography and determined their position relative to cells that express the 'classic' AgOBP1, the AgOR co-receptor (AgOrco) and the receptor AgOR1. By means of two-colour whole-mount fluorescence in situ hybridization it was found that AgOBP48 was expressed in cells, which are closely associated with AgOrco-expressing sensory neurons. Furthermore, AgOBP48 was not expressed in the same cells as AgOBP1, but subpopulations of AgOBP48- and of AgOBP1-expressing cells were found closely associated and adjacent to sensory neurons expressing AgOR1. Together, the results indicate that cells that express either AgOBP48, AgOBP1 or AgOR1 are housed together in distinct olfactory sensilla and that an interplay of the proteins may contribute to the specific responsiveness of the sensillum to distinct odorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schultze
- Institute of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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173
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Otten J, Schmitz L, Vettorazzi E, Schultze A, Marx AH, Simon R, Krauter J, Loges S, Sauter G, Bokemeyer C, Fiedler W. Expression of TGF-β receptor ALK-5 has a negative impact on outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2010; 25:375-9. [PMID: 21304536 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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174
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Schymura D, Forstner M, Schultze A, Kröber T, Swevers L, Iatrou K, Krieger J. Antennal expression pattern of two olfactory receptors and an odorant binding protein implicated in host odor detection by the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Int J Biol Sci 2010; 6:614-26. [PMID: 20975820 PMCID: PMC2962264 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Odor-detection in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae involves large families of diverse proteins, including multiple odorant binding proteins (AgOBPs) and olfactory receptors (AgORs). The receptors AgOR1 and AgOR2, as well as the binding protein AgOBP1, have been implicated in the recognition of human host odors. In this study, we have explored the expression of these olfactory proteins, as well as the ubiquitous odorant receptor heteromerization partner AgOR7, in the thirteen flagellomeres (segments) of female and male antenna. Expressing cells were visualized by adapting a whole mount fluorescence in situ hybridization method. In female mosquitoes, AgOR1-expressing olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) were almost exclusively segregated in segments 3 to 9, whereas AgOR2-expressing ORNs were distributed over flagellomeres 2 to 13. Different individuals comprised a similar number of cells expressing a distinct AgOR type, although their antennal topography and number per flagellomere varied. AgOBP1-expressing support cells were present in segments 3 to 13 of the female antenna, with increasing numbers towards the distal end. In male mosquitoes, total numbers of AgOR- and AgOBP1-expressing cells were much lower. While AgOR2-expressing cells were found on both terminal flagellomeres, AgOR1 cells were restricted to the most distal segment. High densities of AgOBP1-expressing cells were identified in segment 13, whereas segment 12 comprised very few. Altogether, the results demonstrate that both sexes express the two olfactory receptor types as well as the binding protein AgOBP1 but there is a significant sexual dimorphism concerning the number and distribution of these cells. This may suggest gender-specific differences in the ability to detect distinct odorants, specifically human host-derived volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Schymura
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Physiology, Stuttgart, Germany
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175
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Schultze A, Bubenheim M, Yekebas E, Erbersdobler A, Reichelt U, Izbicki JR, Pantel K, Bokemeyer C, Fiedler WM, Loges S. Analysis of four human PlGF isoforms and of VEGFR-1 in esophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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176
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Otten J, Schultze A, Schafhausen P, Otterstetter S, Dierlamm J, Bokemeyer C, Brummendorf TH, Fiedler W, Loges S. BCR/ABL status of blood outgrowth endothelial cells from CML patients. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.7062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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177
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Peldschus K, Schultze A, Ittrich H, Kaul MG, Nollau P, Schumacher U, Wagener C, Adam G. Semi-quantitativer Nachweis von Antikörper-SPIO-Konjugaten auf Zelloberflächen mittels MR-Bildgebung und FACS-Untersuchungen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1073738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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178
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Abstract
The definition of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (formerly known as histiocytosis X) includes the clinical syndromes Hand-Schueller-Christian syndrome, Abt-Letterer-Siwe syndrome, and eosinophilic granuloma. The paper gives an overview of current diagnostic and treatment strategies of LCH. Furthermore, records and clinical data of 10 patients with LCH were evaluated retrospectively. Patients' age ranged from 13 years to 42 years. The mandible was more frequently involved than the maxilla. Three patients (30%) had systemic manifestations of LCH in addition to their oral lesions. The longest follow-up period was 12 years. During follow-up six patients (60%) developed recurrent LCH and received adjuvant chemo- or radiation therapy. For solitary bone lesions, surgical curettage is the recommended treatment. Those patients with multi-organ involvement or recurrent LCH should be included into clinical trials initiated by the Histiocyte Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eckardt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical University, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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179
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Schultze A, Eckardt A, Kuske M. [Oral manifestations of Lpngerhans' cell histiocytosis. Therapeutic strategies involving oral and maxillofacial surgery]. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 1999; 3:158-64. [PMID: 10414115 DOI: 10.1007/s100060050121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The definition of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (formerly known as histiocytosis X) includes the clinical syndromes Hand-Schüller-Christian syndrome, Abt-Letterer-Siwe syndrome and eosinophilic granuloma, which in the past were considered separate entities. The prognosis of this disease varies between "favorable" and "infaust", depending on the age of the patient at first manifestation and the number of the organs involved. With the aid of various prospective clinical studies, suitable therapeutic schemes are currently being sought for. In the course of this search chemotherapy is gaining in significance and radiation therapy is merely playing a minor role. The surgical status has not changed inasmuch as it concerns solitary "operable" lesions. Based on three case reports from our clinic, different courses of illness are described. Oral manifestations of a Langerhans' cell histiocytosis have to be considered, especially with regard to therapy-resistant parodontopathies or with radiologically conspicuous, unexplained osteolysis. The immunohistological and electronic microscopic examinations confirm the diagnosis. The etiology of the disease has still not been clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schultze
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
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180
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Abstract
The Rh blood group system is of clinical importance in blood transfusion and as the cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Other than their role as carriers of Rh antigens, very little is known about the function of the Rh polypeptides. As a first step to generate an animal model system in which to study the structure and function of Rh, and to extend the phylogenetic analysis of RH genes, the Rh homologue from Mus musculus was characterized. Comparison of RH from humans and mice revealed 71 and 58% sequence identity at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Mouse Rh mRNA encodes a protein which is 1 amino acid longer (418 aa) than that of human (417 aa). Rh protein was detected in mouse erythrocyte membranes and was comparable in size to human Rh. Mouse erythrocytes do not show serologic reactivity with human Rh antibodies, probably because the greatest divergence between the mouse and the human genes was seen in the predicted extracellular loops, while the transmembrane regions were more conserved. The mouse RH locus consists of only one gene, which is important for future genetic manipulation and which also indicates that the RH gene duplication seen in humans has occurred since the mammalian radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Westhoff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6082, USA.
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181
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Price E, Dally M, Erhard H, Gerzevske M, Kelly M, Moore N, Schultze A, Topper C. Manipulating odor cues facilitates add-on fostering in sheep. J Anim Sci 1998; 76:961-4. [PMID: 9581917 DOI: 10.2527/1998.764961x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulating the odor of a ewe's own and alien lambs has been used to facilitate fostering a second lamb on ewes with a single offspring (add-on fostering). Previous research has demonstrated that familiar odor cues must be present on the own and alien young to achieve successful and rapid adoptions. Familiar odors may consist of natural own-lamb odors or artificial odors previously applied to the lambs involved. In the present study (Exp. 1), an artificial odorant (neatsfoot oil) was applied to the own and alien lambs shortly after birth to establish a common familiar odor. Acceptance tests were conducted daily over a 72 h period. In Exp. 2, neatsfoot oil was again used as a common artificial odorant to facilitate add-on fostering, but, in addition, the natural odors of own and alien lambs were transposed by exchanging cloth stockinette jackets worn by the lambs. In Exp. 1, 9 of 18 ewes (50%) met the criteria for accepting their own and alien lambs within 72 h. Seven of these nine ewes (78%) accepted the alien lamb immediately. In Exp. 2, 24 of 30 ewes (80%) accepted their own and alien young, and 20 of the 24 acceptances (83%) were immediate. We conclude that add-on fostering may be limited only by our inability to properly match familiar-odor cues on own and alien lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Price
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616-8521, USA
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