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Miller JL. Studies published on clopidogrel-aspirin for coronary stent placement. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:101-2. [PMID: 10688234 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/57.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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152
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Plowden KO, Miller JL. Motivators of health seeking behavior in urban African-American men: an exploration of triggers and barriers. J Natl Black Nurses Assoc 2000; 11:15-20. [PMID: 11854947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
A health crisis exists with African-American men. Morbidity and mortality are higher among African-American men than any other racial/ethnic group. This disparity may be partially related to health seeking behavior in African-American men. Health seeking behavior is influenced by both internal and external motivators. Using the Health Belief Model as a guiding theoretical framework, a qualitative study using focus group methodology was conducted with adult urban African-American men in a large northeastern metropolitan area to explore motivators of health seeking behavior. A total of 38 men were interviewed. Sessions were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic content analysis techniques. External motivators were identified as resource availability and significant others to include family and associates. Internal motivators were identified as perceived disability and death from an illness and unrelieved symptoms. For most men, seeking care was done after all other measures failed to relieve symptoms. Interventions that will facilitate health seeking behavior in African-American men are needed in order to impact the health disparity. This study identified motivators needed to encourage health seeking behavior in African-American men. The results can be used to develop programs specifically targeting African-American men. Additionally, the study identified key variables for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Plowden
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland at Baltimore, USA
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Lee DC, Stenland CJ, Hartwell RC, Ford EK, Cai K, Miller JL, Gilligan KJ, Rubenstein R, Fournel M, Petteway SR. Monitoring plasma processing steps with a sensitive Western blot assay for the detection of the prion protein. J Virol Methods 2000; 84:77-89. [PMID: 10644089 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(99)00135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Determining the risk of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) transmission by blood or plasma-derived products requires sensitive and specific assays for the detection of either infectivity or a reliable marker for infectivity. To this end, a Western blot assay that is both sensitive and reproducible for the detection of PrP(RES), a marker for TSE infectivity, was developed. Using the 263K strain of TSE as a model system, the Western blot assay proved to be sensitive, specific and quantitative over a 3-4 log dynamic range. Compared to the rodent bioassay, the assay was shown to detect PrP(RES) down to approximately 10(3.4) IU/ml which is approximately 5-10 pg of PrP or approximately 10-20 ng brain equivalents. The Western blot was applied to monitor the partitioning of spiked PrP(Sc) through three plasma fractionation steps, cryoprecipitation, fraction I and fraction III, that are common to the purification of several human plasma-derived therapeutic products including albumin and immunoglobulins. The results from these studies demonstrated 1 log, 1 log and 4 logs of PrP(Sc) partitioning away from the effluent fraction for the cryoprecipitation, fraction I and fraction III steps, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Lee
- Department of Pathogen Safety Research/Biological Products, Bayer Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Miller JL. Ramipril study suggests drug may benefit broad group of patients. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:2504. [PMID: 10613361 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.24.2504a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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155
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Miller JL. Study documents cost reduction with outpatient enoxaparin therapy. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:2508. [PMID: 10613364 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.24.2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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156
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Miller JL. Report explores insurer policies and clinical trial access. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:2507-8. [PMID: 10613363 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.24.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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157
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Miller JL. Use of meningococcal vaccine in college freshmen reconsidered. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:2372. [PMID: 10595797 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.23.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Gubin AN, Koduru S, Njoroge JM, Bhatnagar R, Miller JL. Stable expression of green fluorescent protein after liposomal transfection of K562 cells without selective growth conditions. Biotechniques 1999; 27:1162-4, 1166-70. [PMID: 10631495 DOI: 10.2144/99276st02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the durability of plasmid DNA transgene expression in mammalian cells in the absence of growth selection. For this purpose, we have begun the study of liposomal transfer and expression of plasmid DNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) in human erythroleukemia K562 cells. Detection and selection of GFP expression were accomplished visually and by flow cytometry. GFP expression was noticeable in cells within 4 h of transfection. In nine separate transfections, approximately 20% of the transfected cells expressed GFP with a mean fluorescence 40-50x that of control cells (15 fluorescent units [FU] vs. 0.3 FU) during the first five days after transfection. The percentage of GFP positive cells dropped rapidly to 0.1% by day 14 post-transfection, but fluorescence activated cell sorting on this day resulted in the identification of stable transfectants expressing GFP for an additional 6-12 months in culture. GFP expression is adequate for the identification, isolation and monitoring of stable transfection events after lipid-mediated transfection of eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Gubin
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Miller JL. Drug addiction treatment guide released. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:2276. [PMID: 10582814 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.22.2276a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Miller JL. Minnesota researchers find few differences in HMO, fee-for-service care of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:2272. [PMID: 10582812 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.22.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Miller JL. Epirubicin approved for breast cancer treatment. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:2177. [PMID: 10565690 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.21.2177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Wojda U, Goldsmith P, Miller JL. Surface membrane biotinylation efficiently mediates the endocytosis of avidin bioconjugates into nucleated cells. Bioconjug Chem 1999; 10:1044-50. [PMID: 10563774 DOI: 10.1021/bc990059z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that biotin covalently attached to cell surface obligates existing receptors to endocytose avidin bioconjugates into nucleated cells. Incubation of fluorescein-labeled avidin with biotinylated cell lines resulted in uniform and rapid surface attachment and endocytosis compared with no detectable association of the avidin-conjugated dye with unbiotinylated cells. Uptake was detected within minutes with efficiencies approaching 100% in cell lines and freshly obtained peripheral blood mononuclear cells. After 24 h, avidin was barely detectable on the surface of the nucleated cells. In marked contrast, fluorescent avidin remained exclusively on the external membrane of erythrocytes after 24 h. To investigate biotin-mediated endocytosis for the delivery of DNA, we prepared polyethylenimine-avidin (PEI-avidin) conjugates. Surface biotinylation significantly increased the transfection efficiencies of PEI-avidin condensed plasmid DNA coding green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the level of transferrin-receptor targeted gene delivery (15-20% GFP positive cells in culture after 48 h). The increase in transfection efficiency was blocked by the addition of free avidin or biotin to the culture medium. Biotin covalently bound to cell surface membrane proteins efficiently mediates the entry of avidin bioconjugates into nucleated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Wojda
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Allen JS, Miller JL. Effects of syllable-initial voicing and speaking rate on the temporal characteristics of monosyllabic words. J Acoust Soc Am 1999; 106:2031-2039. [PMID: 10530026 DOI: 10.1121/1.427949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two speech production experiments tested the validity of the traditional method of creating voice-onset-time (VOT) continua for perceptual studies in which the systematic increase in VOT across the continuum is accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the duration of the following vowel. In experiment 1, segmental durations were measured for matched monosyllabic words beginning with either a voiced stop (e.g., big, duck, gap) or a voiceless stop (e.g., pig, tuck, cap). Results from four talkers showed that the change from voiced to voiceless stop produced not only an increase in VOT, but also a decrease in vowel duration. However, the decrease in vowel duration was consistently less than the increase in VOT. In experiment 2, results from four new talkers replicated these findings at two rates of speech, as well as highlighted the contrasting temporal effects on vowel duration of an increase in VOT due to a change in syllable-initial voicing versus a change in speaking rate. It was concluded that the traditional method of creating VOT continua for perceptual experiments, although not perfect, approximates natural speech by capturing the basic trade-off between VOT and vowel duration in syllable-initial voiced versus voiceless stop consonants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Allen
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Miller JL. Rabeprazole is latest entrant in proton-pump-inhibitor class. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1910. [PMID: 10554904 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.19.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
We have applied Cre-mediated double lox recombination to embryonic stem (ES) cells to facilitate repeated knock-ins at a target locus, thus helping to assure correct temporal and spatial transgene expression in mice. Using homologous recombination, we inserted a double lox cassette a few nucleo-tides before the authentic ATG start of MHL-1, the gene coding for the major subunit of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. The cassette carries a marker gene bounded by heterospecific lox sites that cannot recombine with each other, but which can undergo recombination with like sites on an incoming double lox targeting vector. Cre-mediated replacement of the lox-delimited genomic segment at MHL-1 with targeting DNA occurs at a frequency three times that of random DNA integration and is sufficiently robust that correctly targeted ES colonies can be identified by PCR screening without relying on any drug selection procedure. Moreover, double lox recombination at the MHL-1 locus is not dependent on the presence or absence of a transcriptionally active promoter at the genomic target. The strategy and vectors described here are generally applicable to designing double lox targeted knock-ins at any locus in ES cells and should prove useful in more precise molecular engineering of the mouse genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Soukharev
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolism, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Miller JL. Oral antimicrobials seen as an option for some cancer patients with fever and neutropenia. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1810. [PMID: 10511226 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.18.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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170
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Miller JL. Report says elderly can benefit from cholesterol-lowering therapy. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1812. [PMID: 10511227 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.18.1812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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171
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Miller JL. Ganirelix approved for use in fertility treatment. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1810. [PMID: 10511225 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.18.1810a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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172
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ovarian cancer that is clinically resistant to cisplatin-based chemotherapy have little hope of a cure of their disease. Photoimmunotherapy, which involves the antibody-targeted delivery of a nontoxic photosensitizer that is activated to a cytotoxic state with visible light, may offer a new treatment option. Photoimmunotherapy may be applied intraperitoneally to target disseminated tumor. We tested the hypothesis that this treatment in combination with cisplatin potentiates cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary cultures of human tumors. METHODS Five human cancer cell lines (ovarian and breast) and 19 primary cultures were studied. The primary cultures were from solid and ascites tumor samples obtained from 14 patients with ovarian cancer who were undergoing primary surgery. The photosensitizer chlorin e(6) was conjugated to the F(ab')(2) fragment of the murine monoclonal antibody OC-125, which is directed against the antigen CA 125. Cytotoxicity was measured by the microculture tetrazolium assay. Treatments consisted of cisplatin alone, photoimmunotherapy alone, and photoimmunotherapy followed by cisplatin. The fractional product method was used to assess synergy in treatment effects. Ex vivo cultured human cells exhibiting 80% or greater survival at cisplatin concentrations of 10 microM for 24 hours were defined as cisplatin resistant for this study. RESULTS When all cell types (cisplatin sensitive and cisplatin resistant) were considered together, combination treatment yielded cytotoxicity that was, on average, 6.9 times (95% confidence interval = 1.86-11.94) greater than that of cisplatin alone (two-sided P =.023). Cisplatin-resistant cells showed a synergistic effect of the two treatments (two-sided P =.044), while cisplatin-sensitive cells showed an additive effect. CONCLUSION These ex vivo data suggest that platinum resistance in human ovarian cancer cells may be reversible by pretreatment with OC-125-targeted photoimmunotherapy. Further studies are required to confirm the efficacy of this approach in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Duska
- Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine and Vincent Memorial Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
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Miller JL. Spironolactone an important addition to heart-failure treatment, study shows. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1695. [PMID: 10512491 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.17.1695a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Miller JL. Pharmacy benefit costs continue upward trend. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1702, 1705. [PMID: 10512498 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.17.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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177
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Farrell PA, Fedele MJ, Hernandez J, Fluckey JD, Miller JL, Lang CH, Vary TC, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Hypertrophy of skeletal muscle in diabetic rats in response to chronic resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1999; 87:1075-82. [PMID: 10484579 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study had the following objectives: 1) to determine whether diabetic rats could increase muscle mass due to a physiological manipulation (chronic resistance exercise), 2) to determine whether exercise training status modifies the effect of the last bout of exercise on elevations in rates of protein synthesis, and 3) to determine whether chronic resistance exercise alters basal glycemia. Groups consisted of diabetic or nondiabetic rats that performed progressive resistance exercise for 8 wk, performed acute resistance exercise, or remained sedentary. Arterial plasma insulin in diabetic groups was reduced by about one-half (P < 0.05) compared with nondiabetic groups. Soleus and gastrocnemius-plantaris complex muscle wet weights were lower because of diabetes, but in response to chronic exercise these muscles hypertrophied in diabetic (0.028 +/- 0.003 vs. 0.032 +/- 0.0015 g/cm for sedentary vs. exercised soleus and 0.42 +/- 0.068 vs. 0.53 +/- 0.041 g/cm for sedentary vs. exercised gastrocnemius-plantaris, both P < 0.05) but not in nondiabetic (0.041 +/- 0.0026 vs. 0.042 +/- 0.003 g/cm for sedentary vs. exercised soleus and 0.72 +/- 0.015 vs. 0.69 +/- 0.013 g/cm for sedentary vs. exercised gastrocnemius-plantaris) rats when muscle weight was expressed relative to tibial length or body weight (data not shown). Another group of diabetic rats that lifted heavier weights showed muscle hypertrophy. Rates of protein synthesis were higher in red gastrocnemius in chronically exercised than in sedentary rats: 155 +/- 11 and 170 +/- 7 nmol phenylalanine incorporated x g muscle(-1) x h(-1) in exercised diabetic and nondiabetic rats vs. 110 +/- 14 and 143 +/- 7 nmol phenylalanine incorporated x g muscle(-1) x h(-1) in sedentary diabetic and nondiabetic rats. These elevations, however, were lower than in acutely exercised (but untrained) rats: 176 +/- 15 and 193 +/- 8 nmol phenylalanine incorporated x g muscle(-1) x h(-1) in diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Finally, chronic exercise training in diabetic rats was associated with reductions in basal glycemia, and such reductions did not occur in sedentary diabetic groups. These data demonstrate that, despite lower circulating insulin concentrations, diabetic rats can increase muscle mass in response to a physiological stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Farrell
- Noll Physiological Research Center and Department of Kinesiology, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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Miller JL. Judge strikes down FDA policies on industry dissemination of off-label information. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1695-6. [PMID: 10512492 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.17.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Miller JL. Elimination of thimerosal from vaccines set as goal. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1589, 1593. [PMID: 10459378 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.16.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Miller JL. Guidelines for angina management released. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1482. [PMID: 10478979 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.15.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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182
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Miller JL. Task force 'grades' strategies for boosting vaccination rates. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1480, 1482. [PMID: 10478978 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.15.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Miller JL. CDC issues recommendations on use of Lyme disease vaccine. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1484, 1486. [PMID: 10478981 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.15.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Solbiati J, Chapman-Smith A, Miller JL, Miller CG, Cronan JE. Processing of the N termini of nascent polypeptide chains requires deformylation prior to methionine removal. J Mol Biol 1999; 290:607-14. [PMID: 10395817 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1999.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
N-formyl-methionine termini are formed in the initiation reaction of bacterial protein synthesis and processed during elongation of the nascent polypeptide chain. We report that the formyl group must be removed before the methionine residue can be cleaved by methionine aminopeptidase. This has long been implicitly assumed, but that assumption was based on inconclusive data and was in apparent conflict with more recently published data. We demonstrate that the Salmonella typhimurium methionine aminopeptidase is totally inactive on an N-formyl-methionyl peptide in vitro, and present a detailed characterization of the substrate specificity of this key enzyme by use of a very sensitive and quantitative assay. Finally, a reporter protein expressed in a strain lacking peptide deformylase was shown to retain the formyl group confirming the physiological role of the deformylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Solbiati
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA
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Abstract
A complete understanding of human erythropoiesis will require a robust description of transcriptional activity in hematopoietic cells that proliferate and differentiate in response to erythropoietin (EPO). For this purpose, we cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence or in the absence of EPO and examined the transcriptional profile of those cells arising only in response to EPO. A distinct population of CD71( +) cells that demonstrated an average of six additional doublings in suspension culture and erythroid colony formation in methylcellulose was isolated. Suppression subtractive hybridization of mRNA isolated from those cells permitted the identification of transcribed genes. A summary of 719 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) describing 505 independent transcripts is provided here with a full analysis of each EST available at http://hembase.niddk.nih.gov. Several transcripts that matched genes previously reported in the context of erythroid differentiation including 4 cell surface proteins were expressed at this developmental stage. Active chromatin remodeling was suggested by the identification of 4 histone proteins, 4 high-mobility group proteins, 13 transcription factors, and 6 genes involved in DNA recombination and repair. Numerous genes associated with leukemic translocations were also recognized including topoisomerases I and II, nucleophosmin, Translin, EGR1, dek, pim-1, TFG, and MLL. In addition to known transcripts, 44 novel EST were discovered. This transcriptional profile provides the first genomic-scale description of gene activity in erythroid progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Gubin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Miller JL. Report examines strategies for reducing breast cancer risk. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1298. [PMID: 10683123 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.13.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Miller JL. Drug review and postmarketing surveillance programs are sound, but systems approach to risk management is needed, says FDA. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1294,6. [PMID: 10683122 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.13.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Miller JL. Report examines use of combination childhood vaccines. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1179. [PMID: 10484649 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.12.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Le
- Developmental Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Miller JL. Survey explores consumer views on government regulation of supplements. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:942. [PMID: 10365717 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.10.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Miller JL. Antidepressants, rhinosinusitis are topics of new AHCPR evidence reports. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:853. [PMID: 10344605 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.9.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The experience with 30 years of cardiac transplantation at Stanford University Medical Center was reviewed. A total of 954 transplants were performed in 885 patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on immunosuppression received: group I, no cyclosporine (INN: ciclosporin) (n = 201) (January 1968-November 1980); group II, cyclosporine (n = 248) (December 1980-June 1987); and group III, cyclosporine + OKT3 (n = 436) (July 1987-March 1998). RESULTS The 1-, 5-, and 10-year actuarial survivals were 68%, 41%, and 24% (group I); 80%, 57%, and 37% (group II); and 85%, 68%, and 46% (group III) (I vs II, P <.01; I vs III, P <.005; and II vs III, P <.005). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year actuarial death rates from rejection were 8%, 12%, and 14% (group I); 5%, 7%, and 7% (group II); and 2%, 5%, and 5% (group III) (I vs II, P = not significant; I vs III, P <.005; and II vs III, P <.005). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year actuarial death rates from infection were 25%, 43%, and 50% (group I); 8%, 17%, and 29% (group II); and 6%, 11%, and 16% (group III) (I vs II, P <.005; I vs III, P <.005; and II vs III, P <.05). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year actuarial death rates from graft coronary artery disease were 0%, 5%, and 13% (group I); 0%, 12%, and 19% (group II); and 1%, 6%, and 9% (group III) (I vs II, P <.01; I vs III, P <.005; and II vs III, P = not significant). There have been 69 retransplants in 67 patients with 1-, 5-, and 10-year actuarial survivals of 49%, 27%, and 15%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The evolution of 3 decades of experience with cardiac transplantation has resulted in improved overall survival. The incidence of rejection and of death from infection and graft coronary artery disease have decreased over time, primarily as a result of improvements in immunosuppression and in the prevention and treatment of infection. Continued advances in perioperative management and the development of more specific, less toxic immunosuppressive agents could further refine this initial experience and improve the survival and quality of life of patients after cardiac transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Robbins
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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Miller JL. Higher approval standards, consistent practice policies needed for safe use of generic immunosuppressants, say transplant experts. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:604, 607. [PMID: 10423202 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/56.7.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
We have developed a prospective approach to identify the generation of erythroid cells derived from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by monitoring the expression of the cell surface protein CD48. Unpurified populations of PBMC obtained from the buffy coats of normal volunteers were grown in suspension culture in the absence or presence of erythropoietin. A profile of surface CD48 expression permitted a flow cytometric identification of erythropoietin responsive populations at various stages of their maturation. In the absence of erythropoietin (EPO) supplemented media, the CD48- cells represented <5% of the total population of PBMC remaining in culture. In cultures supplemented with 1 U/mL EPO, the mean percentage of CD48- cells increased to 34.7 + 14.9% (p < 0.01) after 14 days in culture. Coordinated CD34 and CD71 (transferrin receptor) expression, morphology, gamma-globin transcription, and colony formation in methylcellulose were observed during the 14-day culture period. Flow cytometric monitoring of bulk cultured PBMC provides a simple and reliable means for the prospective or real-time study of human erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Miller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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