Computational explorations of the interaction between laccase and bisphenol A: influence of surfactant and different organic solvents

Bisphenol A (BPA), as an environmental endocrine disruptor can cause damage to the reproductive, nervous and immune systems. Laccase can be used to degrade BPA. However, laccase is easily deactivated, especially in organic solvents, but the specific details are not clear. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the reasons for changes in laccase activity in acetonitrile (ACN) and dimethyl formamide (DMF) solutions. In addition, the effects of ACN and DMF on the activity of laccase and surfactant rhamnolipid (RL) on the degradation of BPA by laccase were investigated. Results showed that addition of ACN changed the structure of the laccase, not only decreasing the van der Waals interaction that promoted the binding of laccase with BPA, but also increasing the polar solvation free energy that hindered the binding of laccase with BPA, so it weakened the laccase activity. DMF greatly enhanced the van der Waals interaction between laccase and BPA, and played a positive role in their binding. The addition of surfactant RL alleviated the effect of organic solvent on the activity of laccase by changing the polar solvation energy. The mechanism of surfactant RL affecting laccase activity in ACN and DMF is described, providing support for understanding the effect of organic solvents on laccase.

Berberine attenuates uric acid-induced cell injury by inhibiting NLRP3 signaling pathway in HK-2 cells

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a common chronic metabolic disease that can cause renal failure and even death in severe cases. Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from Phellodendri Cortex with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of berberine (BBR) against uric acid (UA)-induced HK-2 cells and unravel their regulatory potential mechanisms. The CCK8 assay was carried out to detect cell viability. The expression levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The expression of the apoptosis-related protein (cleaved-Caspase3, cleaved-Caspase9, BAX, BCL-2) was detected by western blot. The effects of BBR on the activities of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and the expression of the downstream genes were determined by RT-PCR and western blot in HK-2 cells. From the data, BBR significantly reversed the up-regulation of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-18) and LDH. Furthermore, BBR down-regulated protein expression of pro-apoptotic proteins BAX, cleaved caspase3 (cl-Caspase3), cleaved caspase9 (cl-Caspase9), and enhanced the expression of antiapoptotic protein BCL-2. Simultaneously, BBR inhibited the activated NLPR3 and reduced the mRNA levels of NLRP3, Caspase1, IL-18, and IL-1β. Also, BBR attenuated the expression of NLRP3 pathway-related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase1, cleaved-Caspase1, IL-18, IL-1β, and GSDMD). Furthermore, specific NLRP3-siRNA efficiently blocked UA-induced the level of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-18) and LDH and further inhibited activated NLRP3 pathway. Collectively, our results suggested that BBR can alleviate cell injury induced by UA. The underlying unctionary mechanism may be through the NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Efficacy and Toxicity of Different Target Volume Delineations of Radiotherapy Based on the Updated RTOG/NRG and EORTC Guidelines in Patients with High Grade Glioma: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Postoperative radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard of care for newly diagnosed high grade glioma, but the optimal method for target volume delineations for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is still unclear. We hypothesized that compared with the EORTC guidelines, IMRT based on the updated RTOG/NRG guidelines was equally effective, without increasing toxicities for patients with high-grade glioma. The purpose of this randomized phase 2 study was to compare the efficacy and toxicity of IMRT based on different target volume delineations (updated RTOG/NRG versus EORTC guidelines) with concomitant and adjuvant TMZ for patients with high grade glioma.

MATERIALS/METHODS

A total of 302 patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma (WHO grade 3-4) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive postoperative IMRT based on either updated RTOG/NRG guidelines (RTOG/NRG group, n = 151) or EORTC guideline (EORTC group, n = 151), with concomitant and adjuvant TMZ. In the RTOG/NRG group, an initial volume consisting of enhancement, postoperative cavity, plus surrounding edema (or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR] abnormality defined by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and a 2-cm margin received 46 Gy in 23 fractions followed by a boost of 14 Gy in 7 fractions to the area of enhancement plus the cavity and a 2-cm margin. In the EORTC group, a single planning volume was used to deliver 60 Gy in 30 fractions to the area of enhancement and the cavity with a 2-cm margin. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and toxicities associated with each treatment.

RESULTS

No statistically significant differences were observed between groups for 1-year OS (71.8% for RTOG/NRG group and 69.9% for EORTC group, respectively; P = 0.759) or 1-year PFS (46.7% for RTOG/NRG group and 43.6% for EORTC group, respectively; P = 0.674). Efficacy did not differ by MGMT methylation status. There were no differences in grade 3-4 toxicities (leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, nausea and vomiting) between the two groups. No grade 5 toxicities were observed in both groups. Multivariate analyses showed that tumor MGMT status (methylated vs unmethylated) and WHO grade (grade 3 vs grade 4) were associated with OS and PFS. However, radiation type (RTOG/NRG group vs EORTC), sex, age, and Karnofsky scale did not significantly influence OS or PFS.

CONCLUSION

Compared with EORTC guidelines for postoperative radiotherapy, IMRT based on RTOG/NRG guidelines was equally effective, without increasing toxicities for patients with high-grade glioma. This trial is registered with chictr.org.cn, number ChiCTR2100046667.

Effects of the PARP Inhibitor Niraparib on the Radiosensitivity of Human Lung and Cervical Cancer Cells

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

DNA damage repair (DDR) initiated after DNA damage may lead to a decreased radiosensitivity of tumor cells or even radiation resistance. Previous studies indicate that PARP inhibitors block the repair of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), and unrepaired SSBs may continuously accumulate and form double-strand breaks (DSBs) that promotes tumor cell death. Studies have also shown that PARP inhibitors act synergistically with RT to inhibit DDR. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of Niraparib, a clinically approved PARP inhibitor on the radiosensitivity of human lung and cervical cancer cells, and preliminarily explore the underlying mechanism.

MATERIALS/METHODS

The human lung cancer cell line A549 and human cervical cancer cell line Siha were both treated with niraparib (for 1h), or X-ray (4Gy), or Niraparib (for 1h) combined with X-ray (4Gy). The effect was examined via measurements of cell proliferation by the cell counting kit-8 assay, and cell viability was detected by clone formation assays. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were investigated by flow cytometry.

RESULTS

In human lung and cervical cancer cell lines, Niraparib combined with radiation therapy significantly inhibited cell proliferation. The proportion of apoptotic cells in cell lines treated with Niraparib plus radiation (the combination group) was significantly higher compared with control, radiation-only, and Niraparib-only groups. Additionally, the proportion of A549 cells in the G2/M phase was significantly increased in the combination group compared with the radiation-only group.

CONCLUSION

The results support that PARP inhibitor Niraparib increases the radiosensitivity of tumor cells, promotes their apoptosis, and induces cell cycle redistribution. The possible mechanism is associated with the inhibition of radiation-induced DNA damage repair.

Cost-Effectiveness of Short-Course Radiotherapy Based Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer in China

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

The phase III STELLAR (NCT02533271) trial demonstrated that four cycles of chemotherapy after short-course radiotherapy (SCRT-TNT) were not inferior to the standard care of long-course concurrent radiotherapy (LCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of SCRT-TNT versus LCRT in locally advanced rectal cancer in China on the basis of the STELLAR trial.

MATERIALS/METHODS

A Markov model was used to synthesize the healthcare costs and benefits of LARC patients based on results from the STELLAR trial. The model assumes that LARC who meet the inclusion criteria of the STELLAR trial experience four possible states: No Evidence of Disease (NED), locally recurrence, distant metastases, or any death from rectal cancer or other unrelated causes, where local recurrence continues to be classified as resectable and unresectable. The transition status period is 3 month, and 5 years is used to calculate direct medical costs and health benefits. The probabilities of states transition after SCRT-TNT or LCRT were derived from the results of the STELLAR trial and previous published article (Table.1). Costs were evaluated from the Chinese payer's perspective reported in early 2022 US dollars (US$1 = 6.78 Chinese Yuan). Sensitivity analyses were performed for key variables. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and net monetary benefits. Effectiveness was defined as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set at $43500/QALY. Data were collected from October 3, 2020, to September 20, 2021, and analyzed from November 15, 2020, to October 25, 2021.

RESULTS

During the 5-year horizon, for the base case scenario, SCRT-TNT incurred a lower total cost and higher QALYs compared with LCCRT. The total cost was $65767 and QALYs were 1.77 for SCRT-TNT; for LCCRT, the total cost was $72802 and QALYs were 1.64. This resulted in an ICER of -$ 55470.69 per QALY. Therefore, SCRT-TNT was a cost-saving and dominating treatment strategy compared with LCRT. Sensitivity analysis showed that ICERs were most sensitive to the parameters of distant metastases risk after treatment.

CONCLUSION

SCRT-TNT in locally advanced rectal cancer can be a cost-effective alternative to LCRT in China, and should be considered in appropriately selected patients.

4D-MRI Guided Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

This study evaluated the feasibilities and outcomes following four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (4D-MRI) guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).

MATERIALS/METHODS

From March 2018 to January 2022, we identified 76 unresectable CRLM patients with 123 lesions who received 4D-MRI guided SBRT in our institution. 4D-MRI simulation with or without abdominal compression was conducted for all patients. The prescription dose was 50-65 Gy in 5-12 fractions. The image quality of computed tomography (CT) and MRI were compared using the Clarity Score. Clinical outcomes and toxicity profiles were evaluated.

RESULTS

The 4D-MRI significantly improved the image quality compared with CT images (mean Clarity Score: 1.67 vs 2.88, P < 0.001). The abdominal compression significantly reduced motions in cranial-caudal direction (P = 0.03) with 2 phase T2 weighted images assessing tumor motion. The median follow-up time was 12.5 months. For 98 lesions assessed for best response, the complete response, partial response and stable disease rate were 57.1 %, 30.6 % and 12.2 %, respectively. The local control (LC) rate at 2 year was 97.3%. 46.1% of patients experienced grade 1-2 toxicities and only 2.6% patients experienced grade 3 hematologic toxicities.

CONCLUSION

The 4D-MRI technique allowed precise target delineation and motion tracking in unresectable CRLM patients. High LC rate and mild toxicities were achieved. This study provided evidence for using 4D-MRI guided SBRT as an alternative treatment in unresectable CRLM.

Using MRI Radiomics to Predict the Efficacy of Immunotherapy for Brain Metastasis in Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with chemotherapy has been widely used in the first-line treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. However, the efficacy of ICIs for patients with brain metastases (BMs) of SCLC is limited. There are no effective factors to predict the efficacy. We developed and validate a model to predict intracranial efficacy for ICIs in patients with BMs from SCLC by using MRI radiomics.

MATERIALS/METHODS

In this study, we collected 101 SCLC patients with BMs treated with ICIs. They clinical characteristics and pre-treatment Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were collected. Seventy cases collected from our hospital as training cohort and 31 cases collected from another hospital as an independent validation cohort. Brain metastatic lesions were contoured on ITK-SNAP software and 3748 radiomic features capturing both intra- and peritumoral texture patterns were extracted. The primary endpoint of this study was intracranial overall response rate (ORR). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and random forest (RF) model were used to select radiomic features. The top 10 selected radiomic features were adopted to build prognostic models by using logistic regression. Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was chosen as the metric to assess model performances. We also performed a nomogram based on a multivariate logistic regression model includes radiomic and clinical features to predict ICIs intracranial efficacy.

RESULTS

The clinical characteristics including number of treatment lines and concurrent brain radiotherapy, ten intratumoral signatures and one peritumoral signatures were found significantly associated with ICIs intracranial efficacy. Predictors contained in the individualized prediction nomogram included the radiomics signature, and clinical features. The model showed favorable discrimination with a C-index of 0.861[95% CI: 0.779-0.943] and AUC of 0.861[95% CI: 0.778- 0.944] in training cohort and with a C-index of 0.812[95% CI: 0.647-0.978] and AUC of 0.812[95% CI:0.646-0.979] in the test cohort.

CONCLUSION

Radiomic features from pre-treatment MRI images were predictive for intracranial efficacy in SCLC patients with BMs. Pre-treatment radiomics may allow early prediction of benefit and expedite more aggressive treatment for high-risk patients and it has to be further explored as predictor of outcome in a larger series of patients.

Chemoradiotherapy Combined with Nab-Paclitaxel plus Cisplatin in Patients with Locally Advanced Borderline Resectable or Unresectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Phase I/II Study

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) plus cisplatin as the regimen of conversional chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) in locally advanced borderline resectable or unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

MATERIALS/METHODS

Patients with locally advanced ESCC (cT3-4, Nany, M0-1, M1 was limited to lymph node metastasis in the supraclavicular area) were enrolled. All the patients received the cCRT of nab-PTX plus cisplatin. After the cCRT, those resectable patients received esophagectomy; those unresectable patients continued to receive the definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT). The locoregional control (LRC), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis free survival (DMFS), pathological complete response (pCR), R0 resection rate and adverse events (AEs) were calculated.

RESULTS

A total of 45 patients with ESCC treated from October 2019 to May 2021 were finally included. The median follow-up time was 30.3 months. The LRC, OS, EFS, DMFS at 1and 2 years were 81.5%, 86.6%, 64.3%, 73.2% and 72.4%, 68.8%, 44.8%, 52.7% respectively. 21 patients (46.7%) received conversional chemoradiotherapy plus surgery (cCRT+S). The pCR rate and R0 resection rate were 47.6% and 84.0%. The LRC rate at 1 and 2 years were 95.0%, 87.1% in cCRT+S patients and 69.3%, 58.7% in dCRT patients respectively (HR, 5.14; 95% CI, 1.10-23.94; P = 0.021). The OS rate at 1 and 2 years were 95.2% and 84.2% in resectable patients compared to 78.8% and 54.4% in unresectable patients (HR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.10-10.61; P = 0.024). The toxicities during chemoradiotherapy were tolerated, the most common grade 3-4 toxicities were radiation esophagitis (15.6%).

CONCLUSION

Nab-PTX plus cisplatin were effective and safe as the regimen of conversional chemoradiotherapy of ESCC. The patients receiving conversional chemoradiotherapy plus surgery (cCRT+S) were prone to have a better survival.

CREB3L2 Regulates Hemidesmosome Formation during Epithelial Sealing

The long-term success rate of dental implants can be improved by establishing a favorable biological sealing with a high-quality epithelial attachment. The application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) holds promise for facilitating the soft tissue integration around implants, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear and the general application of MSC sheet for soft tissue integration is also relatively unexplored. We found that gingival tissue-derived MSC (GMSC) sheet treatment significantly promoted the expression of hemidesmosome (HD)-related genes and proteins in gingival epithelial cells (GECs). The formation of HDs played a key role in strengthening peri-implant epithelium (PIE) sealing. Further, high-throughput transcriptome sequencing showed that GMSC sheet significantly upregulated the PI3K/AKT pathway, confirming that cell adhesion and HD expression in GECs were regulated by GMSC sheet. We observed that the expression of transcription factor CREB3L2 in GECs was downregulated. After treatment with PI3K pathway inhibitor LY294002, CREB3L2 messenger RNA and protein expression levels were upregulated. Further experiments showed that overexpression or knockdown of CREB3L2 could significantly inhibit or promote HD-related genes and proteins, respectively. We confirmed that CREB3L2 was a transcription factor downstream of the PI3K/AKT pathway and participated in the formation of HDs regulated by GMSC sheet. Finally, through the establishment of early implant placement model in rats, we clarified the molecular function of CREB3L2 in PIE sealing as a mechanical transmission molecule in GECs. The application of GMSC sheet-implant complex could enhance the formation of HDs at the implant-PIE interface and decrease the penetration distance of horseradish peroxidase between the implant and PIE. Meanwhile, GMSC sheet reduced the length of CREB3L2 protein expression on PIE. These findings elucidate the potential function and molecular mechanism of MSC sheet regulating the epithelial sealing around implants, providing new insights and ideas for the application of stem cell therapy in regenerative medicine.

Recovery Characteristics of Lymphocyte Subsets after Thoracic Radiotherapy: A Single Center Clinical Study

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Lymphocytes play a critical role in anti-tumor, and are highly sensitive to radiation. However, the dynamic changes of lymphocytes subsets after receiving thoracic radiotherapy have rarely been investigated. This study was to explore the recovery characteristics of each subset, and the role of thymosin α1 after thoracic radiotherapy.

MATERIALS/METHODS

A total of 252 patients receiving chest radiotherapy included in this study. Blood was harvested before, at the end of radiotherapy, 1 month, 4 months, 7 months, 10 months, 13 months, and 19 months after radiotherapy for lymphocyte subsets detection by performing flow cytometry. In addition, a total of 26 patients with thoracic malignancy were treated with thymosin α1 after radiotherapy for one month. The number of lymphocyte subsets at the end of 1 month after radiotherapy were compared with control group. Absolute counts method was used in flow cytometry.

RESULTS

At the end of radiotherapy, nearly all of the subsets decreased significantly (T cell: 65.4%, Tc cell: 64.8%, Th cell: 66.1%, B cell: 88.7%, NK cell: 68.8%), except Treg cell. Tc cells recovered rapidly to baseline level at 1 month. The number of NK cells increased by 1.95 times at 1 month, and recovered to baseline level at 7th month. The number of B cell at 1 month was still 19.2% compared baseline, and recovered slowly to baseline at 7th month. The number of Th cells were nearly no recovery, and were 44.1% compared with baseline even at 19th month. For patients with thymosin α1 injection, all of the lymphocyte subsets had no significant difference compared those without thymosin α1 injection. In addition, younger patients were with better recovery in Th cells (p = 0.011) and B cells (p < 0.001) than elder patients at 1 month.

CONCLUSION

B cell was the most radiosensitive lymphocyte, and Th cell was continuous exhaustion after thoracic radiation. Thymosin α1 had no effect on lymphocyte subpopulation recovery, and new drugs are urgently needed to explore in the future.

Crowdsourcing Deep Learning Algorithms to Automatically Contour GI Luminal Organs on Serial MRIs

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

A major barrier to a sustainable real-time adaptive MR-guided radiotherapy workflow is the time-consuming process of contouring the target and organs-at-risk (OARs) before the delivery of each fraction. While auto-contouring algorithms perform relatively well for many solid organs, the performance on luminal organs in the abdomen remain difficult due to the variability between patients and variability in daily shape and position. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of crowdsourced deep learning algorithms to automatically contour GI luminal organs on serial MRIs.

MATERIALS/METHODS

The stomach, small intestines, and large intestines were manually contoured on MRIs from patients who had undergone radiotherapy on an MR-Linac by a team of radiation therapists and medical physicists and were verified by a board-certified radiation oncologist. The MRIs and the contours were de-identified and uploaded to Kaggle, an online machine learning competition platform with portion of the data open to the public as training data and the remaining data hidden as a test set. Prize money was offered to teams submitting the best auto-contouring algorithms based on the Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance evaluation metrics. The average performance of the winning algorithm and of manual contours were compared using unpaired t-test.

RESULTS

Four hundred sixty-seven MRIs were collected from 107 patients who underwent 1-5 serial MRI sessions between 2015 and 2019. The most common anatomic site of treatment was the pancreas with 41 patients, followed by the liver with 38 patients. The manual contours of the stomach, small intestines, and large intestines on 4 representative MRIs had mean and standard deviation Dice coefficient of 0.90 +/- 0.02, 0.76 +/- 0.04, and 0.85 +/- 0.03 respectively and Hausdorff distance of 18.0 +/- 6.9, 35.5 +/- 12.6, and 32.3 +/- 12.3 mm respectively. The Kaggle competition was held from April to July 2022 and 1548 teams submitted algorithms for evaluation. The auto-contouring performance of the winning solution on the stomach, small intestines, and large intestines, when evaluated on a hold-out test set with 188 MRIs, had mean and standard deviation Dice coefficient of 0.92 +/- 0.04, 0.80 +/- 0.09, 0.85 +/- 0.08 respectively and Hausdorff distance of 15.2 +/- 11.2, 33.9 +/- 15.2, 34.8 +/- 20.3 mm respectively. Unpaired t-test was performed to compare the average performance across three organs of the human (N = 120) and of the algorithm (N = 564). The results suggest that average algorithm performance was statistically superior to manual contours for Dice (p = 0.01), yet not for Hausdorff (p = 0.64).

CONCLUSION

Crowdsourced deep learning algorithms to auto-contour GI luminal organs on serial MRIs perform superiorly compared to manual contours when using a Dice coefficient metric but not when using a Haudorff distance metric. These auto-contouring algorithms may be used to efficiently adapt radiotherapy plans according to the anatomy of the day for patients with abdominal tumors on MR-Linacs.

[Clinical characteristics of aplastic anemia patients with abnormal autoantibodies and the impact of autoantibodies on immunosuppressive therapy response]

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with acquired aplastic anemia (AA) accompanied by abnormal antinuclear antibody (ANA) and autoantibodies and their effects on the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy (IST). Method: A retrospective case-control study was conducted, analyzing the clinical data of 291 patients with AA who underwent IST and were screened for autoantibodies at initial diagnosis between January 2018 and December 2019 at Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. According to the titer of ANA at the initial diagnosis, extracted nuclear antigen antibodies (ENAs) abnormality and the change of ANA titer after treatment, the treatment responses of 3 months and 6 months after IST were compared. The correlation between clinical features and ANA abnormality was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The parameters of univariate analysis P<0.1 were included in multivariate analysis, stepwise regression analysis and subgroup analysis. Results: A total of 291 patients were included in the study, of which 145 (49.83%) were male. Among all patients, 147 (50.52%) tested positive for ANA at initial diagnosis, with titers of 1∶100, 1∶320, and 1∶1 000 observed in 94, 47, and 6 cases, respectively. Female gender, older age, presence of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) clone, and higher levels of IgG, IgA, and thyroid hormone were significantly associated with ANA positivity at initial diagnosis, while white cell counts, reticulocytes, and free triiodothyronine were significantly lower than that of ANA-negatively patients (all P<0.05). Furthermore, logistic regression analyses revealed that female gender (OR=1.980, 95%CI 1.206-3.277), older age (OR=1.017, 95%CI 1.003-1.032), and presence of PNH clone (OR=1.875, 95%CI 1.049-3.408) were independent risk factors for ANA positivity at initial diagnosis. Subgroup analysis indicated that the risk of ANA positivity at initial diagnosis was even higher in PNH clone-positive patients in the subgroups of females (OR=1.24, 95%CI 1.02-1.51), severe AA (OR=1.26, 95%CI 1.07-1.47), and age≥40 years (OR=1.26, 95%CI 1.05-1.52) (all P<0.05). However, ANA titers at initial diagnosis, presence of other abnormal ENAs, and changes in ANA titers after treatment with IST were not correlated with treatment response (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Approximately 50% of patients with AA had abnormal ANA, and their presence was significantly associated with female gender, older age, and presence of PNH clone at initial diagnosis. However, the presence of abnormal ANA and changes in ANA titers after treatment did not affect the efficacy of IST in patients with AA.

Association of Overall Survival Benefit Profile of Radiotherapy with Progression-Free Survival after Chemotherapy for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Benefit of radiotherapy (RT) after chemotherapy (CT) of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains controversial. It is unknown whether improved progression-free survival (PFS) by RT translate into an overall survival (OS) benefit. To address this question, our research comprehensively evaluated the risk-benefit assessment of RT in DLBCL through an in-depth examination of previously reported data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective comparative studies.

MATERIALS/METHODS

After screening and quality control, this study included 7 randomized controlled trials and 52 retrospective studies of combined-modality therapy (CMT) versus CT alone. The correlation between PFS and OS was evaluated using the Pearson linear correlation coefficient at trial- and study arm-level. A risk-benefit assessment to describe the OS benefit of RT was performed in meta-analyses of pooled HROS with PFS patterns.

RESULTS

In RCTs, strong correlations were found between HRPFS and HROS at trial-level (r = 0.876), and PFS and OS at treatment arm-level, regardless of treatments (r = 0.945-0.964 for all, CMT or CT). In retrospective studies, similar correlations between HRPFS and HROS (r = 0.639-0.650), and PFS and OS rates (r = 0.882-0.910) were observed, independent of treatments or rituximab. Adding RT into rituximab-based CT increased the average PFS rate from 63.6 ± 18.9% to 81.5 ± 10.6% (P<0.001), with differential OS benefits of RT between studies. Patients can be stratified into four PFS patterns (>80%, >60-80%, >40-60%, and ≤40%); absolute gain in OS from RT ranged from ≤5% at PFS >80% to ∼21% at PFS ≤40%, with pooled-HROS from 0.70 (95% CI, 0.51-0.97) to 0.48 (95% CI, 0.36-0.63) after rituximab-based CT. Linear analysis revealed an OS advantage of CMT over CT alone in a PFS-dependent manner.

CONCLUSION

We demonstrate a varied OS benefit profile of RT upon different PFS patterns, and provide valuable evidence for making treatment decisions and designing clinical trials. Future strategies to select the use of RT will need careful tailoring in clinical practice or within RCT to optimize outcome.

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of key targets and interventional mechanism of Milkvetch root in diabetic nephropathy

OBJECTIVE

This work aimed to explore the key targets and intervention mechanisms of Huangqi (Astragalus membranaceus) in diabetic nephropathy using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The findings will provide references for identifying critical therapeutic targets for diabetic nephropathy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The GSE1009 dataset was selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) for analysis. WGCNA network was constructed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the DEGs.

RESULTS

There were 752 downregulated DEGs and 1,547 upregulated DEGs in the diabetic nephropathy samples. Genes such as PLCE1, CLIC5, PTPRO, HSPA12A, AIF1, GMDS, and SEMA5A were significantly suppressed in the diabetic nephropathy samples, while genes such as CEP152, LUNAR1, and SLC9A1 were significantly upregulated. The optimal soft threshold for the WGCNA network was determined as 12. Hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted to detect co-expression modules with corresponding color assignments, and a total of 9 modules were identified. Clinical characteristics showed a high correlation with the gray, blue, green, and brown modules of the WGCNA. GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the blue module DEGs were mainly enriched in immune response, inflammatory response, signal transduction, plasma membrane, extracellular region, cell surface, extracellular matrix, and proteinaceous extracellular matrix. The green module DEGs were mainly enriched in mitochondrial elongation, mitochondrial mutation termination, translation, mitochondrial inner membrane, mitochondrion, ATP biosynthetic process, mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit, mitochondrial intermembrane space, nucleolus, and ribosome. Visualization analysis of the bioactive components of Huangqi showed compounds such as quercetin, resveratrol, 7-O-methylisomucronulatol, and isoquercetin, which had more targets.

CONCLUSIONS

Differentially expressed genes in diabetic nephropathy were mainly enriched in immune response and inflammatory response. Various components of Huangqi have positive application value in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and can be considered for clinical promotion.

Lymphocyte Count Kinetics and the Effect of Different Radiotherapy Techniques on Radiation-Induced Lymphopenia in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Hypofractionated Postmastectomy Radiotherapy

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) is associated with poor prognosis in solid tumors. This study aimed to describe the lymphocyte kinetics in patients with breast cancer receiving hypofractionated postmastectomy radiotherapy (RT) and to investigate the association of different RT techniques with RIL.

MATERIALS/METHODS

We assessed 607 patients who received hypofractionated postmastectomy RT for breast cancer in our prospective clinical database from 8 hospitals. All patients received irradiation to the chest wall and supraclavicular fossa. RT techniques included integrated RT with the photon-based intensity modulated techniques to irradiate all target volumes (integrated RT) and a hybrid approach combining photon irradiation to supraclavicular nodes and electron irradiation to the chest wall (hybrid RT). Peripheral lymphocyte counts (PLC) were tested prior to RT (baseline), weekly during RT, at 1, 2 weeks, 3, 6 months after RT, and then every 6 months. Grade 3+ RIL was defined as PLC nadir during RT of <0.5 ×103/ml. Mean PLC was compared by the t test. Univariate, multivariate, and propensity score matching (PSM) analyses were used to evaluate the effect of different RT techniques on grade 3+ RIL.

RESULTS

During RT, 121 (19.9%) of patients had grade 3+ RIL. The PLC started to recover at 1 week and reached baseline levels 1 year after RT. A greater proportion of the patients treated with the integrated RT (90/269, 33.5%) developed grade 3+ PLC compared with those receiving hybrid RT (31/338, 9.2%, P < 0.001). After conducting PSM, multivariate analyses showed lower baseline PLC (HR = 0.15, P<0.001) and RT technique (the integrated RT vs. hybrid RT, HR = 4.76, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for grade 3+ RIL. The PLC in patients receiving the integrated RT after RT were higher than that in those receiving hybrid RT (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

RT technique affect the risk of and recovery from RIL, which may impact survival. Choosing appropriate RT technique to minimize RIL might be considered to benefit their outcomes.

Distribution Pattern of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in 870 Cases of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Clue for Individualized Elective Prophylactic Neck Irradiation

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

We aimed to explore a potential individualized elective prophylactic neck irradiation (iEPNI) to optimize the current strategy by investigating the distribution of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

MATERIALS/METHODS

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical data of 870 non-distant metastatic NPC patients admitted to the Hunan Cancer Hospital between January 2019 and December 2019 were reviewed. All patients were staged using the 8th TNM staging system, and the LNs location was assigned based on the 2013 guidelines. According to the distribution patterns of the LNs in NPC, the intra-regional lymphatic drainage levels were categorized into the following three stations: Station 1st of level VIIa and II; Station 2nd of level III and Va; and Station 3rd of level IV, Vb, and Vc. Other levels were defined as extra-regional areas.

RESULTS

The incidence of LNs metastasis was 822/870 (94.5%), including 198 cases of unilateral metastasis and 624 cases of bilateral metastasis. Among the 870 patients, the most frequently involved intra-regional lymphatic drainage was level IIb (87.1%), followed by level VIIa (80.0%), IIa (61.8%), Va (30.6%), IV (21.4%), Vb (8.9%), and Vc (1.1%). In the extra-regional areas, the detailed LNs distribution was: level Ia (0.2%), level Ib (7.7%), level VI (0.1%), level VIIb (5.6%), level VIII (5.5%), level IX (0.3%), and level X (0.2%). The rates of LNs metastasis in Station 1st, Station 2nd, and Station 3rd were 820/870 (94.3%), 532/870 (61.1%), and 199/870 (22.9%), respectively. Only 4 patients were considered to be skipping metastasis among the three stations (4/870, 0.5%). Additionally, in 203 patients with unilateral Station 1st LNs metastasis, there were 86 (42.4%) and 37 (18.2%) patients with ipsilateral Station 2nd and Station 3rd metastasis, respectively, and 3 (1.5%) and 1 (0.5%) patients with contralateral Station 2nd and Station 3rd LNs metastasis, respectively.

CONCLUSION

LNs spread from Station 1st to Station 3rd successively with rare skipping metastasis. A potential iEPNI strategy of prophylactical neck irradiation to the ipsilateral latter node-negative station might be feasible, which is detailed as follows: irradiation to Station 1st in patients with no LNs metastasis, irradiation to Station 2nd in patients with only Station 1st metastasis, and irradiation to Station 3rd in patients with Station 2nd metastasis but without Station 3rd metastasis. Further prospective investigations are expected to validate the strategy.

Tumor Treatment Response Assessed During the Chemo-Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced NSCLC

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

To evaluate the capability of assessing intratumoral treatment response distribution with using FDG-PET/CT during the chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced NSCLC.

MATERIALS/METHODS

Twelve of total 50 patients with stage III NSCLC were enrolled in the institutional protocol for concurrent chemoradiotherapy with treatment dose of 54-60 Gy in 27-30 fractions. For each patient, a pre-treatment FDG-PET/CT image (SUV0) and a mid-treatment image (SUVm) obtained within the treatment dose of 24 ∼ 46 Gy were obtained. Followed by deformable PET/CT registration between SUV0 and SUVm, the tumor voxel SUV reduction ratio was obtained to construct a tumor dose response matrix (DRM). Tumor SUVavid was also constructed by limiting tumor voxel SUVm > a given value. Spatial correlations of the tumor SUV0, SUVm, SUVavid and DRM were determined.

RESULTS

The mean and coefficient variation (CV) of the SUV0, SUVm and DRM for all tumors were 6.56(64%), 2.82(59%) and 0.52(70%) (Table contains the individual data), which were like those on the SUVs and the mean DRM of head-neck HPV- patients reported previously, but much larger on the DRM variation. The inter-tumoral CVs of SUV0 and DRM were 17% and 43%, which were much smaller than those of the intra-tumoral CVs 61% and 55%. Meanwhile, the intra-tumoral variations on both SUV0 and DRM were much larger than those of head-neck HPV- patients. There was a weak correlation between SUV0 and SUVm with the correlation coefficient 0.32, a medium correlation of -0.51 between SUV0 and DRM; 0.58 between SUVm and DRM. It implies that the rule of tumor dose response DRM on treatment modification decision cannot be fully replaced by either SUV0 or SUVm. The spatial correlation between tumor DRM and SUVavid was 0.23 with SUVavid value > 3, which was getting weaker when increasing SUVavid value.

CONCLUSION

Spatial dose response for NSCLC assessed using FDG-PET/CT feedback demonstrated high treatment resistant patterns, which had a large intra-tumoral variation. In addition, the medium correlations of DRM vs SUV0 and DRM vs SUVm imply that all these factors could be used to guide adaptive modification of NSCLC treatment.

Hybrid Immuno-RT for Bulky Tumors: Standard Fractionation with Partial Tumor SBRT

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Bulky tumors remain challenging to be treated. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is effective against radioresistant tumor cells and can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) that leads to T-cell-mediated antitumor effects. Low-dose radiation (LDRT) can inflame the tumor microenvironment (TME) by recruiting T cells. We designed a novel radiotherapy technique (RT, ERT) whose dose distribution map resembles the "eclipse" by concurrently delivering LDRT to the whole tumor, meanwhile SBRT to only a part of the same tumor. This study examined the safety and efficacy of ERT to bulky lesions with PD-1 inhibitors in mice and patients.

MATERIALS/METHODS

In mice with CT26 colon or LLC1 lung bulky tumors (400 - 500 cm3), the whole tumor was irradiated by LDRT (2 Gy x 3), meanwhile the tumor center was irradiated by SBRT (10 Gy x 3); αPD-1 was given weekly. The dependence of therapeutic effects on CD8+ T cells was determined using depleting antibodies. Frequencies of CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages (Mφ) were determined by flow cytometry. Multiplex Immunohistochemistry (mIHC) was applied to analyze the number and the location of CD8+ T cells and their subpopulations, as well as the phospho-eIF2α level (the ICD marker) of tumor cells in TME. Patients with advanced lung or liver bulky tumors who failed standard treatment or with oncologic emergencies were treated. Kaplan-Meier method was applied to estimate patients' progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

RESULTS

ERT/αPD-1 is superior to SBRT/αPD-1 or LDRT/αPD-1 in controlling bulky tumors in both mouse models in a CD8+ T-cell dependent manner. In the CT26 model, ERT/αPD-1 resulted in complete tumor regression in 3/11 mice and induced more CD8+ T cells and M1 Mφ in TME compared to other groups. mIHC analysis showed that ERT/αPD-1 induced higher bulk, stem-like (TCF1+ TIM3- PD-1+), and more differentiated (TCF1- TIM3+ PD-1+) CD8+ T cells infiltration into the tumor center and periphery compared to other groups. Compared to untreated or LDRT-treated tumor centers, tumor centers irradiated with ERT or SBRT showed elevated phospho-eIF2α accompanied by higher dendritic cell infiltration. In total, 39 advanced cancer patients were treated with ERT/αPD-1 or plus chemotherapy. Radiation-induced pneumonitis occurred in 1 of 26 patients receiving thoracic ERT. There were two cases of grade III toxicity associated with PD-1 inhibitors. No toxicity above grade III was observed. The objective response rate was 38.5%. The median PFS was 5.6 months and median OS was not reached at a median follow-up of 11.7 months.

CONCLUSION

ERT/αPD-1 showed superior efficacy in controlling bulky tumor in two mouse models. The hybrid immuno-RT (ERT) combing PD-1 inhibitors was safe and effective in patients with bulky tumors. Further clinical trials in combination with bioimaging to identify the optimal SBRT target region for the bulky tumor are warranted.

Outcomes of Consolidative Thoracic Radiation within First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results from a Single Cancer Center

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Thoracic radiation (TRT) benefits local control undoubtedly and survival with some minor controversy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients undergoing radiotherapy in the chemoradiotherapy era. However, whether TRT could further enhance the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) maintenance on outcomes in the immunotherapy era is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of consolidative TRT in ES-SCLC patients receiving first-line chemoimmunotherapy followed by immunotherapy maintenance.

MATERIALS/METHODS

Outcomes of patients who were treated with first-line chemo-immunotherapy followed by ICIs maintenance for ES-SCLC were reviewed. Based on TRT or not, patients were allocated to TRT group or non-TRT group. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and local-recurrence free survival (LRFS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test.

RESULTS

A total of 100 patients with no progressive disease after 4 cycles of chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed between January 2020 and December 2021 and were allocated into TRT group (n = 47) and non-TRT group (n = 53). The median follow-up time was 20.3 months. The median PFS and OS in TRT were 9.1 months and 21.8 months, versus 8.8 months (p = 0.93) and 24.3 months (p = 0.63), respectively, in non-TRT. ICIs agents consisted of Durvalumab (59.0%) and Atezolizumab (41.0%). The median dose of TRT is 50 Gy (IQR: 45 - 54), while the median interval time from chemotherapy completion to TRT was 31 days (IQR: 12 - 44.5). Only 10 (21.3%) patients terminated ICIs in the period of TRT. The rate of intrathoracic progression after the first-line therapy in TRT significantly decreased compared to that with non-TRT (20.0% versus 55.9%, p = 0.003). The median LRFS time in TRT was not reached, but significantly longer than 10.8 months in non-TRT (HR = 0.27, p < 0.01). Second-line chemotherapy significantly prolonged survival compared to that with chemo-free patients (mOS: 24.5 vs. 21.4 months, p = 0.026). The subgroup analysis showed a trend of patients with brain metastases benefit from TRT (21.8 versus 13.7 months, HR 0.61, p = 0.38) while liver metastases did not (13.3 versus 15.0 months, HR 1.80, p = 0.21). Of 47 patients with TRT, only 10.6% of patients experienced grade 3 radiation-induced pneumonitis, while no grade 4 or 5 adverse events occurred. None of patients experienced grade ≥ 3 treatment-related cardiac events.

CONCLUSION

Consolidative TRT in the period of immunotherapy maintenance followed first-line chemo-immunotherapy did not prolong OS and PFS but increased LRFS in ES-SCLC.

Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Patients with Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rarely high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung with features of both small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. We aim to construct a prognostic nomogram combined with the clinical features and treatment options to predict disease-specific survival (DSS), meanwhile, evaluating the role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in LCNEC by subgroup analysis.

MATERIALS/METHODS

A total of 713 patients diagnosed with LCNEC from the US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry between 2010 and 2016. Cox proportional hazards analysis was conducted to choose the significant predictors of DSS. External validation was performed using 77 patients with LCNEC in the West China Hospital Sichuan University between 2010 and 2018, subgroup analysis was carried out for the whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and PCI population. The predictive accuracy and discriminative capability were estimated by the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The clinical applicability of the nomogram was verified through the decision curve analysis (DCA).

RESULTS

Six independent risk factors for DSS were identified and integrated into the nomogram. The nomogram achieved good C- indexes of 0.803 and 0.767 in the training and validation group respectively. Moreover, the calibration curves of both cohorts for the probability of survival showed good agreement between prediction by nomogram and actual observation in 1-, 3- and 5-year DSS. The ROC curves demonstrated the prediction accuracy of the established nomogram (all AUC>0.8). DCA confirmed the better potential clinical practicality of the nomogram in the prediction of LCNEC survival than AJCC staging. A risk classification system was built which could perfectly classify LCNEC patients into high- and low-risk groups(p<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that WBRT did not bring survival benefits, PCI appeared to have survival benefits in LCNEC patients without brain metastases (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION

The prognostic nomogram developed in this study has certain prognostic value and clinical practicality for LCNEC patients. PCI might be investigated as a means of improving prognosis.

Prediction of progesterone receptor expression in high-grade meningioma by using radiomics based on enhanced T1WI

AIM

To predict progesterone receptor (PR) expression of high-grade meningioma using radiomics based on enhanced T1-weighted imaging (WI).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

There were 157 cases of high-grade meningioma in the study. Seventy-eight cases had negative expression and 79 cases had positive expression. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to select the valuable features. The models were developed by naive Bayes (NB), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) analysis were used to assess the models.

RESULTS

Nine features were selected as the valuable features using Spearman's analysis and LASSO regression. The RF and NB models achieved the same area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.75, which was higher than that of SVM (0.74). There was no significant difference among the AUCs of the three models (p>0.05). There was a larger net benefit in the RF model than the SVM and NB models across all threshold probabilities in the DCA analysis.

CONCLUSION

The RF model had good performance in predicting PR expression of high-grade meningioma. PR expression evaluation for high-grade meningioma would be helpful in clinical practice.

A dual-centre study on the radioprotective effect of a novel X-ray protection device during coronary intervention

AIM

To investigate the shielding efficiency of a novel X-ray protection device (NPD) compared with the traditional lead clothing (TLC) during coronary intervention.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study was performed prospectively in two centres. A total of 200 coronary interventions were included and assigned equally into the NPD or TLC group. The NPD is a floor-standing X-ray protection device, which mainly composes of a barrel-like frame and two layers of lead rubber. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were adopted to detect the cumulative absorbed doses, and were attached outside the NPD or TLC or body of the first operator at four different height levels in four directions during the procedure.

RESULTS

The cumulative doses outside the NPD were comparable to that of the TLC (2,398.33 ± 2,341.64 versus 1,624.09 ± 1,732.20 μSv, p=0.366), and the cumulative doses inside the NPD were significantly lower than those inside the TLC (40 ± 0 versus 732.28 ± 919.83 μSv, p<0.001). As the TLC did not cover the calf segment of the operator, the area at 50 cm height from the floor in the TLC group was unshielded. The shielding efficiency of NPD was significantly higher than that of the TLC (98.2 ± 0.63% versus 52.11 ± 38.97%, p=0.021).

CONCLUSION

The NPD has a significantly higher shielding efficacy than that of the TLC, in particular, it protects the operators' lower limb, liberates their lower body from wearing heavy lead apron, and may consequently reduce the radiation or body-load associated complications.

Real-Time 3D Liver Tumor Localization via Combined Optical Surface Imaging and an X-Ray Projection from Arbitrary Imaging Angles

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

A deep learning (DL)-based, deformable registration-driven liver tumor localization technique was developed for onboard deformable motion tracking. The technique (Surf-X360-Bio) uses in-room optical surface imaging and an x-ray projection at an arbitrary scan angle to solve volumetric liver and liver tumor motion in real-time.

MATERIALS/METHODS

Surf-X360-Bio solves the volumetric motion of the liver and localizes the liver tumor, through deforming liver and liver tumor meshes segmented on prior 4D-CTs/CBCTs. It uses real-time onboard information from an optical surface image and a simultaneously-acquired x-ray projection (from an arbitrary scan angle). Surf-X360-Bio localizes tumors via two steps: liver boundary motion estimation and intra-liver motion derivation. Surf-X360-Bio first estimates liver boundary motion by a patient-specific surface imaging model (Surf), utilizing the correlation between the external body surface motion and the internal liver boundary motion. As the correlation can be imperfect, the residual motion estimation errors were corrected by a patient-specific, angle-agnostic x-ray imaging model (X360). X360 deformed the liver boundary to match motion-related imaging features encoded in an arbitrarily-angled x-ray projection, using the Surf output for initialization. X360 adopted a geometry-aware learning module to extract and adapt to angle-varying features of arbitrarily-angled x-ray images, by calculating the projection system matrix of each x-ray image on-the-fly during model training and inference. After the liver boundary motion estimation by Surf and X360, intra-liver deformation was solved by a biomechanical model (Bio) to propagate the liver boundary motion inside to localize the tumors. The DL-based Bio model used domain knowledge of tissue biomechanics and finite element analysis (FEA) to solve intra-liver motion, with a much faster speed than conventional FEA methods to meet the real-time constraint. Surf-X360-Bio was evaluated using a dataset of 34 liver patients. Liver tumor localization accuracy was evaluated by the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), the 95-percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95), and the center-of-mass error (COME).

RESULTS

Using 3,306 motion scenarios spanning the 360 degree x-ray scan angles for each testing patient, Surf-X360-Bio localized the liver tumors to 0.81 (mean) ± 0.16 (s.d.) in DSC, 2.5 ± 1.7 mm in HD95, and 2.1 ± 1.8 mm in COME. In comparison, the prior reference image without deformable registration-driven localization yielded 0.42 ± 0.29 in DSC, 8.1 ± 5.2 mm in HD95, and 8.5 ± 5.2 mm in COME. Via Surf-X360-Bio, the overall inference time was below 230 ms for each case.

CONCLUSION

Combining optical surface imaging and x-ray imaging, Surf-X360-Bio achieved fast (<250 ms inference time), accurate (mean error < 2.1 mm), and robust liver tumor localizations at arbitrary x-ray scan angles for real-time, marker-less 3D deformable motion tracking.

Exploration of Multiomic Profiles and Biomarkers as Predictors of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Responsiveness in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

The current gold standard of care for resectable locally advanced esophageal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) followed by surgery. Given that only 30-40% of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, it is critical to understand the biological basis of NCRT resistance in esophageal cancer and identify biomarkers for these patients in order to further personalize treatment plans. We aim to depict the biological landscape of ESCC responsiveness and resistance to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

MATERIALS/METHODS

Endoscopic biopsied specimens of the primary tumors and paired peripheral blood samples were obtained from 24 patients before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and tested for whole exosome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and DIA mass spectrometry. Genomic data were analyzed for significantly mutated genes, copy number alterations, MSI, TMB, and mutational signatures. Transcriptomics and proteomics data were used to examine differentially activated pathways. GSEA and ActivePathways were used for the single omics level and joint multi-omics analysis, respectively. Tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics were deconvoluted by xCell upon RNA-seq data. Treatment resistance biomarkers were identified and validated in a separate cohort using mIHC.

RESULTS

In the study cohort, 54% (13/24) of the patients achieved pCR. WES data suggested that FBXW7 was more frequently mutated in the pCR group (fisher test p-value = 0.029), and the most significant cytoband loss in the pCR group was 9p21.3 (qval = 0.001). Differences in TMB, MSI, and mutational signatures were not significant between groups. Combined transcriptomics and proteomics analysis revealed that type I interferon signaling pathways and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways(p<0.05) were enriched in non-pCR tumors. Esophageal cancer cohort RNA-seq data from TCGA verified the correlation between the genetic variances (FBXW7 mutation and 9p21.3 loss) and the decreased expression of type I interferon signaling pathway genes. In TME analysis, tolerogenic dendritic cells and exhausted T cell signatures were significantly enriched in non-pCR tumors, indicating an immunosuppressive status in treatment resistant patients. Based on proteomics PPI network and differential expression genes from RNA-seq data, a biomarker panel consisted of 12 proteins predictive of non-pCR tumors was identified: STAT1, EIF2AK2, MX1, BST2, TRIM21, SAMHD1, IFI44L, GBP1, PARP14, ISG15, IFIT3, and HLA-B. The expression of selected genes was validated by mIHC in an independent cohort.

CONCLUSION

Through a multiomics approach, we described the biological characteristics of ESCC with distinct responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and proposed a panel of 12 proteins as predictive biomarkers for non-pCR patients.

Ten-Year Outcomes of Hypofractionated (45 Gy in 9 Fractions) Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

We reported 10-year outcomes of localized prostate cancers treated with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy of 45 Gy in 9 consecutive fractions.

MATERIALS/METHODS

From October 2011 to April 2017, thirty patients with localized prostate cancer were enrolled in this prospective trial. The median age of the patients was 72.5 years. According to NCCN recurrence risk criteria, eight patients were at low-risk group, 17 at intermediate risk group, 5 at high-risk group. All patients were treated with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) of 45 Gy in 9 consecutive fractions to their prostate with or without seminal vesicles. Before radiotherapy, three gold fiducials were implanted into the prostate. In order to reduce the rectal high dose irradiation volume, an inflated rectal balloon was placed in the rectum at simulation and every treatment and patients were treated with comfortable full bladder. Static Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIMRT) was applied in 1 patient, Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) in 27 patients, and tomotherapy in 2 patients. Image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) with gold fiducial registration was adopted. Twenty-six patients also received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The median time of ADT was 6 months. Progression⁃free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. All grade ≥1 genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities were recorded using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event version 5.0 (CTCAE 5.0) and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) late morbidity criteria, and GU and GI toxicities were cumulatively calculated.

RESULTS

After a median follow-up of 102 months (65∼131 months), the 10-year OS was 90.0% (95% confidence interval, 83.3%-96.7%), and the 10-year PFS was 86.5% (95% confidence interval, 79.1%-93.9%). According to CTCAE 5.0, grade 1 acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity developed in 12 patients, grade 2 in 2 patients, grade 3 in 2 patients, and grade 1 acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity developed in 12 patients, grade 2 in 2 patients, and no grade 3 or higher toxicity occurred. According to RTOG late morbidity criteria, late (≥3 months after radiotherapy) grade 1 GI toxicity developed in 4 patients (13.3%), grade 2 in 1 (3.3%), grade 3 in 1 (3.3%), and late grade 1 GU toxicity occurred in 1 patient (3.3%), grade 2 in 1 (3.3%), grade 3 in 1 (3.3%). No grade 4 or higher GI and GU toxicities developed. Only one grade 3 GI and one grade 2 GU toxicities were observed for the maximum toxicity at the last follow-up. The potency was not evaluated.

CONCLUSION

The 10-year oncologic outcomes of this shortened hypofractionated IMRT regimen for mainly low/intermediate risk prostate cancer patients is favorable with acceptable acute and late toxicities.

Value of Baseline Metabolic Tumor Volume for Survival Prognosis and Optimization of Risk-Adapted Treatment Therapy in Patients with Extranodal Nasal-Type Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

To assess the association of baseline metabolic tumor volume (MTV) with overall survival (OS) and to explore its potential role in optimization of existing risk-adapted therapy in ENKTCL.

MATERIALS/METHODS

A total of 133 ENKTCL patients mainly treated by radiotherapy (RT) alone (33.8%) or RT combined with chemotherapy (combined-modality therapy [CMT]) (60.9%) were prospectively included. The impacts of MTV, SUVmax derived from 18F-FDG PET/CT image and clinical factors on OS were investigated. Survival analyses were conducted using Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify multivariate predictors of OS. Regression-based mediation analysis estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of death for direct effect (not through distant metastasis or locoregional recurrence) and indirect effect (through distant metastasis or locoregional recurrence) of the pathway MTV→distant metastasis→OS and pathway MTV→locoregional recurrence→OS. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was employed to make covariate adjustments.

RESULTS

MTV and SUVmax were correlated with LDH, PTI, Ann Arbor stage, and NRI score. In univariable analysis, SUVmax, MTV, ECOG PS, PTI and Ann Arbor stage were statistically significantly prognostic factors for OS. Multivariate analysis showed that MTV was the only independent factor of short OS (HR 4.98, 95% CI (1.85 - 13.42), p = 0.002). Mediation analysis showed that distant metastasis played a complete mediating role in the increased death caused by higher MTV (HR of indirect effect 3.15, 95% CI (1.34 - 7.41), p = 0.009; HR of direct effect 2.88, 95% CI (0.80 - 10.32), p = 0.767), with proportion of mediation 76.7%, while locoregional recurrence was not a mediating factor (HR of indirect effect 1.16, 95% CI (0.90 - 1.48), p = 0.255; HR of direct effect 4.48, 95% CI (1.30 - 15.44), p = 0.017) . After adjusting the clinical factors by IPTW between RT alone group and CMT group in early intermediate and high risk ENKTCL, CMT had no PFS and OS benefits compared with RT alone in the low-MTV group (MTV < 49.6ml), while in the high-MTV group (MTV ≥ 49.6ml), the use of CMT compared with RT alone prolonged PFS and OS.

CONCLUSION

Baseline metabolic tumor volume is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and distant metastasis rather than locoregional recurrence mediated increased risk of death in patients with MTV higher than 49.6ml. For early-stage intermediate and risk ENKTCL patients with MTV lower than 49.6ml, omission of chemotherapy may not result in loss of PFS and OS.

Radiotherapy Effect on Long-Term Net Survival Benefit for Early-Stage Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the Rituximab Era

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

It is controversial whether to add consolidative radiotherapy (RT) after chemoimmunotherapy in the first-line treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This study aimed to investigate the long-term net survival benefit of RT for early-stage DLBCL in the rituximab era.

MATERIALS/METHODS

The data of 10,841 adult patients with early-stage DLBCL from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2002 and 2015 were extracted and analyzed. The patients had received combined modality treatment (CMT, chemotherapy plus RT) or chemotherapy alone. Linear regression analysis was performed for RT utilization by year of diagnosis. Competing risk analysis was used to evaluate the cumulative incidence of mortality according to the cause of death. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance the distribution of covariates between treatment arms. Relative survival (RS), standardized mortality ratio (SMR), and transformed Cox regression were performed to estimate the net survival benefit of RT by controlling for background mortality.

RESULTS

Linear regression revealed that the slope of the best-fit line for RT utilization over time was negative between 2002 and 2015 (m = -0.006, P = 0.003). A total of 4,648 deaths were recorded among 10,841 patients; 55.6% were lymphoma-related death (LRD), and 44.4% were attributed to other causes. Patients initially treated with CMT had a lower cumulative incidence of LRD than chemotherapy alone (HR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.57-0.69; P < 0.001). The 10-year overall survival (OS) rate of 66.1%, RS rate of 85.0%, and SMR of 1.71 achieved with CMT were significantly better than chemotherapy alone (OS, 53.0%; RS, 69.8%; SMR, 2.62; P < 0.001). By IPTW and multivariable analysis, the addition of RT remained associated with better OS (HR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.62-0.71; P < 0.001) and RS (HR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.65-0.74; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

RT was associated with better long-term net survival in patients with early-stage DLBCL in the rituximab era.

Retrospective study of preservation and transection of the round ligament of uterus during laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair in adult women

PURPOSE

The processing of the round ligament of uterus in laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair of inguinal hernia in women has contended. This study aimed to explore whether there is any difference in the surgical outcome and postoperative complications between the two processing modalities, preservation, and transection of the round ligament of uterus, in adult female inguinal hernia patients undergoing TAPP.

METHODS

Retrospective analysis of 84 female patients (117 sides) who underwent TAPP in XXX Hospital from July 2013 to August 2022. Patient characteristics and technical details of the surgical procedure were collected and divided into two groups according to whether the round ligament of uterus was severed intraoperatively or not. There were 52 cases (77 sides) in the group with preservation of the round ligament of uterus and 32 cases (40 sides) in the group with transection of the round ligament of uterus, comparing the general condition, surgical condition, and the occurrence of postoperative related complications between the 2 groups.

RESULTS

The operative time for unilateral primary inguinal hernia was (129.2 ± 35.1) and (89.5 ± 42.6) minutes in the preservation and transection groups, respectively. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in terms of age, length of hospital stay, ASA, BMI, history of lower abdominal surgery, type and side of hernia, intraoperative bleeding, and time to surgery for primary bilateral hernia (P > 0.05). In addition, there was likewise no statistical difference in the occurrence of postoperative Clavien-Dindo classification, VAS, seroma, mesh infection, labia majora edema, chronic pain or abnormal sensation in the inguinal region, and hernia recurrence in the two groups as well (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

There is no evidence that the transection of the round ligament of the uterus during TAPP has an impact on postoperative complications in patients. However, given the important role of the uterine round ligament in the surgical management of patients with uterine prolapse and the high incidence of uterine prolapse in older women, hernia surgeons should also be aware of the need to protect the round ligament of uterus in older women.

Physiomimetic biocompatibility evaluation of directly printed degradable porous iron implants using various cell types

Additively manufactured (AM) degradable porous metallic biomaterials offer unique opportunities for satisfying the design requirements of an ideal bone substitute. Among the currently available biodegradable metals, iron has the highest elastic modulus, meaning that it would benefit the most from porous design. Given the successful preclinical applications of such biomaterials for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the moderate compatibility of AM porous iron with osteoblast-like cells, reported in earlier studies, has been surprising. This may be because, as opposed to static in vitro conditions, the biodegradation products of iron in vivo are transported away and excreted. To better mimic the in situ situations of biodegradable biomaterials after implantation, we compared the biodegradation behavior and cytocompatibility of AM porous iron under static conditions to the conditions with dynamic in situ-like fluid flow perfusion in a bioreactor. Furthermore, the compatibility of these scaffolds with four different cell types was evaluated to better understand the implications of these implants for the complex process of natural wound healing. These included endothelial cells, L929 fibroblasts, RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells, and osteoblastic MG-63 cells. The biodegradation rate of the scaffolds was significantly increased in the perfusion bioreactor as compared to static immersion. Under either condition, the compatibility with L929 cells was the best. Moreover, the compatibility with all the cell types was much enhanced under physiomimetic dynamic flow conditions as compared to static biodegradation. Our study highlights the importance of physiomimetic culture conditions and cell type selection when evaluating the cytocompatibility of degradable biomaterials in vitro. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Additively manufactured (AM) degradable porous metals offer unique opportunities for the treatment of large bony defects. Despite the successful preclinical applications of biodegradable iron in the cardiovascular field, the moderate compatibility of AM porous iron with osteoblast-like cells was reported. To better mimic the in vivo condition, we compared the biodegradation behavior and cytocompatibility of AM porous iron under static condition to dynamic perfusion. Furthermore, the compatibility of these scaffolds with various cell types was evaluated to better simulate the process of natural wound healing. Our study suggests that AM porous iron holds great promise for orthopedic applications, while also highlighting the importance of physio-mimetic culture conditions and cell type selection when evaluating the cytocompatibility of degradable biomaterials in vitro.

Observation of New Ω_{c}^{0} States Decaying to the Ξ_{c}^{+}K^{-} Final State

Two new excited states, Ω_{c}(3185)^{0} and Ω_{c}(3327)^{0}, are observed in the Ξ_{c}^{+}K^{-} invariant-mass spectrum using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. Five previously observed excited Ω_{c}^{0} states are confirmed, namely Ω_{c}(3000)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3050)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3065)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3090)^{0}, and Ω_{c}(3119)^{0}. The masses and widths of these seven states are measured with the highest precision to date.

Evidence of a J/ψK_{S}^{0} Structure in B^{0}→J/ψϕK_{S}^{0} Decays

An amplitude analysis of B^{0}→J/ψϕK_{S}^{0} decays is performed using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. Evidence with a significance of 4.0 standard deviations of a structure in the J/ψK_{S}^{0} system, named T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{0}, is seen, with its mass and width measured to be 3991_{-10}^{+12} _{-17}^{+9}  MeV/c^{2} and 105_{-25}^{+29} _{-23}^{+17}  MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{0} state is likely to be the isospin partner of the T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{+} state, previously observed in the J/ψK^{+} system of the B^{+}→J/ψϕK^{+} decay. When isospin symmetry for the charged and neutral T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000) states is assumed, the signal significance increases to 5.4 standard deviations.

Host response of Nicotiana benthamiana to the parasitism of five populations of root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae, from China

In a recent survey of nematodes associated with tobacco in Shandong, China, the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus coffeae was identified using a combination of morphology and molecular techniques. This nematode species is a serious parasite that damages a variety of plant species. The model plant benthi, Nicotiana benthamiana, is frequently used to study plant-disease interactions. However, it is not known whether this plant species is a host of P. coffeae. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the parasitism and pathogenicity of five populations of the root-lesion nematode P. coffeae on N. benthamiana.N. benthamiana seedlings with the same growth status were chosen and inoculated with 1,000 nematodes per pot. At 60 days after inoculation, the reproductive factors (Rf = final population densities (Pf)/initial population densities (Pi)) for P. coffeae in the rhizosphere of N. benthamiana were all more than 1, suggesting that N. benthamiana was a good host plant for P. coffeae.Nicotiana. benthamiana infected by P. coffeae showed weak growth, decreased tillering, high root reduction, and noticeable brown spots on the roots. Thus, we determined that the model plant N. benthamiana can be used to study plant-P. coffeae interactions.

Aggregation-Induced Asymmetric Charge States of Amino Acids in Supramolecular Nanofibers

Electrostatic interactions contribute critically to the kinetic pathways and thermodynamic outcomes of peptide self-assembly involving one or more than one charged amino acids. While it is well understood in protein folding that those amino acids with acidic/basic side chains could shift their pKas when placed in a hydrophobic microenvironment, to what extent aggregation of monomeric peptide units from the bulk solution could alter their charged status and how this change in pKa values would reciprocally impact their assembly outcomes. Here, we design and analyze two solution systems containing peptide amphiphiles with hydrocarbon chains of different lengths to determine the factor of deprotonation on assembly. Our results suggest that models of supramolecular nanofibers with uniformly distributed, fully charged amino acids are oversimplified. We demonstrate, with molecular dynamics simulations, and validate with experimental results that asymmetric, different protonation states of the peptides lead to distinct nanostructures after self-assembly. The results give estimates on the electrostatic interactions in peptide amphiphiles required for their self-assembly and shed light on modeling molecular assembly systems containing charged amino acids.

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) in the recycling of nickel and cadmium battery metals using electrodeposition

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were employed in the aqueous electrodeposition of nickel and cadmium for battery metal recycling. The electrowinning of mixed Ni-Cd metal ion recycling solutions demonstrated that cadmium with a purity of over 99% could be selectively extracted while leaving the nickel in the solution. Two types of CNFs were evaluated: negatively charged CNFs (a-CNF) obtained through acid hydrolysis (-75 μeq. g-1) and positively charged CNFs (q-CNF) functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups (+85 μeq. g-1). The inclusion of CNFs in the Ni-Cd electrolytes induced growth of cm-sized dendrites in conditions where dendrites were otherwise not observed, or increased the degree of dendritic growth when it was already present to a lesser extent. The augmented dendritic growth correlated with an increase in deposition yields of up to 30%. Additionally, it facilitated the formation of easily detachable dendritic structures, enabling more efficient processing on a large scale and enhancing the recovery of the toxic cadmium metal. Regardless of the charged nature of the CNFs, both negatively and positively charged CNFs led to a significant formation of protruding cadmium dendrites. When deposited separately, dendritic growth and increased deposition yields remained consistent for the cadmium metal. However, dendrites were not observed during the deposition of nickel; instead, uniformly deposited layers were formed, albeit at lower yields (20%), when positively charged CNFs were present. This paper explores the potential of utilizing cellulose and its derivatives as the world's largest biomass resource to enhance battery metal recycling processes.

[The first imported case of visceral leishmaniasis in Shenzhen City]

A patient with fever, chills, and pancytopenia as major clinical manifestations was presented. To investigate the cause, the patient's peripheral blood was collected for pathogen screening using metagenomic next - generation sequencing (mNGS). The DNA sequence of Leishmania donovani was detected, and Leishmania amastigotes were found in bone marrow smears using microscopy. The case was therefore definitively diagnosed as visceral leishmaniasis, and was cured and discharged from hospital following treatment with liposomal amphotericin B for 14 days. This is the first imported case of visceral leishmaniasis since the founding of Shenzhen City in 1979.

[Investigation and factor analysis of postoperative surgical site infections in emergency abdominal surgery in China from 2018 to 2021 based on Chinese SSI Surveillance]

Objective: We investigated the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) following emergency abdominal surgery (EAS) in China and further explored its risk factors, providing a reference for preventing and controlling SSI after EAS. Methods: This was an observational study. Data of patients who had undergone EAS and been enrolled in the Chinese SSI Surveillance Program during 2018-2021were retrospectively analyzed. All included patients had been followed up for 30 days after surgery. The analyzed data consisted of relevant patient characteristics and perioperative clinical data, including preoperative hemoglobin, albumin, and blood glucose concentrations, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, grade of surgical incision, intestinal preparation, skin preparation, location of surgical site, approach, and duration. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI occurring within 30 days following EAS. SSI was defined as both superficial and deep incisional infections and organ/space infections, diagnoses being supported by results of microbiological culture of secretions and pus. Secondary outcomes included 30-day postoperative mortality rates, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), duration of postoperative hospitalization, and associated costs. The patients were classified into two groups, SSI and non-SSI, based on whether an infection had been diagnosed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with SSI following EAS. Results: The study cohort comprised 5491 patients who had undergone EAS, comprising 3169 male and 2322 female patients. SSIs were diagnosed in 168 (3.1%) patients after EAS (SSI group); thus, the non-SSI group consisted of 5323 patients. The SSIs comprised superficial incision infections in 69 (41.1%), deep incision infections in 51 (30.4%), and organ or space infections in 48 (28.6%). Cultures of secretions and pus were positive in 115 (68.5%) cases. The most frequently detected organism was Escherichia coli (47/115; 40.9%). There were no significant differences in sex or body mass index between the SSI and non-SSI groups (both P>0.05). However, the proportion of individuals aged 60 years or older was significantly greater in the SSI than in the non-SSI group (49.4% [83/168] vs. 27.5% [1464/5323), χ2=38.604, P<0.001). Compared with the non-SSI group, the SSI group had greater proportions of patients with diabetes (11.9% [20/168] vs. 4.8% [258/5323], χ2=16.878, P<0.001), hypertension (25.6% [43/168] vs. 12.2% [649/5323], χ2=26.562, P<0.001); hemoglobin <110 g/L (27.4% [46/168] vs. 13.1% [697/5323], χ2=28.411, P<0.001), and albuminemia <30 g/L (24.4% [41/168] vs. 5.9% [316/5323], χ2=91.352, P<0.001), and a reduced rate of preoperative skin preparation (66.7% [112/168] vs. 75.9% [4039/5323], χ2=7.491, P=0.006). Furthermore, fewer patients in the SSI group had preoperative ASA scores of between one and two (56.0% [94/168] vs. 88.7% [4724/5323], χ2=162.869, P<0.001) in the non-SSI group. The incidences of contaminated and infected incisions were greater in the SSI group (63.1% [106/168] vs. 38.6% [2056/5323], χ2=40.854, P<0.001). There was a significant difference in surgical site distribution between the SSI and non-SSI groups (small intestine 29.8% [50/168] vs. 10.6% [565/5323], colorectal 26.2% [44/168] vs. 5.6% [298/5 323], and appendix 24.4% [41/168] vs. 65.1% [3465/5323]) χ2=167.897, P<0.001), respectively. There was a significantly lower proportion of laparoscope or robotic surgery in the non-SSI group (24.4 % [41/168] vs. 74.2% [3949/5323], χ2=203.199, P<0.001); the percentage of operations of duration less than 2 hours was significantly lower in the SSI than non-SSI group (35.7% [60/168] vs. 77.4% [4119/5323], χ2=155.487, P<0.001). As to clinical outcomes, there was a higher 30-day postoperative mortality rate (3.0%[5/168] vs. 0.2%[10/5323], χ2=36.807, P<0.001) and higher postoperative ICU occupancy rate (41.7% [70/168] vs. 19.7% [1046/5323], χ2=48.748, P<0.001) in the SSI group. The median length of stay in the ICU (0[2] vs. 0[0] days, U=328597.000, P<0.001), median total length of stay after surgery (16[13] vs. 6[5] days, U=128146.000, P<0.001), and median hospitalization cost (ten thousand yuan, 4.7[4.4] vs. 1.7[1.8], U=175965.000, P<0.001) were all significantly greater in the SSI group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the absence of skin preparation before surgery (OR=2.435,95%CI: 1.690-3.508, P<0.001), preoperative albuminemia <30 g/L (OR=1.680, 95%CI: 1.081-2.610, P=0.021), contaminated or infected incisions (OR=3.031, 95%CI: 2.151-4.271, P<0.001), and laparotomy (OR=3.436, 95% CI: 2.123-5.564, P<0.001) were independent risk factors of SSI. Operative duration less than 2 hours (OR=0.465, 95%CI: 0.312-0.695, P<0.001) and ASA score of 1-2 (OR=0.416, 95% CI: 0.289-0.601, P<0.001) were identified as independent protective factors for SSI. Conclusions: It is important to consider the nutritional status in the perioperative period of patients undergoing EAS. Preoperative skin preparation should be conducted and, whenever possible, laparoscope or robot-assisted surgery. Duration of surgery should be as short as possible while maintaining surgery quality and improving patient care.

[Construction of a schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system in Wuhan City based on analytic hierarchy process]

OBJECTIVE

To construct a schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system in Wuhan City and preliminary evaluate its application effect, so as to promote the rational allocation of schistosomiasis control resources and accelerate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination.

METHODS

The schistosomiasis risk assessment indicators were collected through referring schistosomiasis surveillance data of Wuhan City from 2014 to 2020, literature review and expert interviews. Indicators within each criterion and sub-criterion were screened using the Delphi method, and a hierarchical structure model was created based on analytic hierarchy process. Quantitative assignment of each indicator was conducted according to relative importance, and the weight and combination weight of each criterion were calculated in each analytic hierarchy framework to create a schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system, which was used for the schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment in 12 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Wuhan City.

RESULTS

A three-level schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system was preliminarily constructed, which included a target layer, 5 criterion layers and 21 sub-criterion layers. Of all indicators in the criterion layer, transmission route had the highest weight (0.433), followed by source of Schistosoma japonicum infection (0.294); and among all indicators in the sub-criterion layer, S. japonicum infection in Oncomelania hupensis and sentinel mice had the highest combination weight (0.125), followed by prevalence of S. japonicum infection in humans (0.091) and bovines (0.053), snail control by chemical treatment (0.049), positive rate of inquiry examinations (0.048), allocation of schistosomiasis control professionals (0.045), and areas of submerged snail-infested settings (0.041). Of the 12 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Wuhan City, there were 5 sites with weights of > 0.8, 4 sites with weights of 0.6 to 0.8, and 3 sites with weights of < 0.6 in 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

A schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system has been constructed based on analytic hierarchy process in Wuhan City, which may provide a evidence-based basis for health resource allocation and decision-making for schistosomiasis control.

[The predictive value of melanin-concentrating hormone combined with other related biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid in preoperative cognitive dysfunction of elderly patients]

Objective: To explore the predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) combined with other related biomarkers in preoperative cognitive dysfunction of elderly patients. Methods: A total of 80 patients who underwent elective hip or knee replacement under intravertebral anesthesia in Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Inner Mongolia, from March to November 2022 were prospectively included, with 32 males and 48 females, and aged 65-85 (70.7±5.2) years old. According to the evaluation results of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), patients were divided into the preoperative cognitive dysfunction (n=23) and control (n=57) groups. The levels of MCH, amyloid-β 40 (Aβ40), amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), and phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) in cerebrospinal fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of each biomarker separately or in combination for preoperative cognitive dysfunction. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was utilized to test the correlation between the level of each biomarker and MoCA scores. Results: The levels of MCH, Aβ40, Aβ42, p-tau, and Aβ42/p-tau in the preoperative cognitive dysfunction group were (35.53±5.94) μg/L, (39.21±9.18) ng/L, (221.83±43.17) ng/L, (42.64±9.74) ng/L, and 5.53±1.92, and the levels of these biomarkers in the control group were (28.74±4.90) μg/L, (36.37±7.87) ng/L, (280.23±45.67) ng/L, (35.00±9.27) ng/L, and 8.62±2.78, respectively. Compared with the control group, the levels of cerebrospinal fluid MCH and p-tau in the preoperative cognitive dysfunction group were significantly increased (all P<0.01), and the levels of Aβ42 and Aβ42/p-tau were significantly decreased (all P<0.001). MCH and Aβ42/p-tau provided higher predictive values. The area under the curve (AUC) of MCH and Aβ42/p-tau were 0.807 (95%CI: 0.703-0.911) and 0.842 (95%CI: 0.741-0.943), the sensitivity were 78.3% and 87.0%, and the specificity were 75.4% and 94.7%. MCH combined with Aβ42/p-tau have the higher AUC of 0.915 (95%CI: 0.837-0.992), the sensitivity (87.0%) and specificity (86.0%) were both high, which had a higher predictive value. The levels of cerebrospinal fluid MCH and p-tau were negatively correlated with MoCA score (r=-0.467, -0.321, all P<0.01), and the levels of Aβ42 and Aβ42/p-tau were positively correlated with MoCA score (r=0.480, 0.520, all P<0.001). Conclusion: The increase in cerebrospinal fluid MCH levels is associated with preoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients. MCH combined with Aβ42/p-tau has the greatest predictive value.

Measurement of the Ratios of Branching Fractions R(D^{*}) and R(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions R(D^{*})≡B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}) and R(D^{0})≡B(B^{-}→D^{0}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B^{-}→D^{0}μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}) are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0  fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode τ^{-}→μ^{-}ν_{τ}ν[over ¯]_{μ}. The measured values are R(D^{*})=0.281±0.018±0.024 and R(D^{0})=0.441±0.060±0.066, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is ρ=-0.43. The results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the standard model.

[Genetic analysis of a family with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia caused by endoglin gene mutation]

Objective: To explore the genetic characteristics of a family with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) caused by endoglin (ENG) gene mutations. Methods: A total of 17 individuals from a 3-generation HHT family attending the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University were selected as the research subjects. Clinical data and familial disease status of the HHT family proband were collected. Whole exome sequencing technology was used to screen for suspected pathogenic genes in the proband, and Sanger sequencing was used for family validation. Results: The proband and her mother had recurrent epistaxis and skin mucosal telangiectasia, and enhanced CT scans of the chest of the proband and her mother, daughter, and cousin indicated the presence of varying degrees of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. The results of the full exon sequencing results showed that the proband carried the ENG gene c.579_599del non-shift deletion mutation, and Sanger sequencing showed that the mother, daughter, and cousin carried the same mutation. Conclusion: ENG gene c.579_ 599del mutation may be the genetic basis of HHT in this family.

[A clinical observational study on the preliminary effect of dupilumab in the treatment of severe asthma]

Objective: To investigate the effect and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of patients with severe asthma in a preliminary clinical observational study. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 20 patients with severe asthma who received dupilumab for 4-12 months between 2019 and 2022 at the First Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, comparing pre-and post-treatment laboratory data, oral glucocorticoid dose (OCS), asthma control test (ACT) and adverse effects. The median age of the 20 patients was 48.5 (41.0-52.8) years, including 14 males and 6 females. The clinical data of 10 patients treated with other biologic agents were further analyzed to determine the reasons for switching to biologic drug treatment and the efficacy of dupilumab in these patients. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for comparisons. Mann-Whitney analysis was used for inter-group comparison, and chi-square test or Fisher test was used for inter-group comparisons of count data. Results: A total of 20 patients were included in this study. All 20 severe asthma phenotypes were type 2 (T2)-high and completed at least the first 4 months of treatment, including 17 patients who completed 12 months of treatment. Among patients who completed 4 months of treatment, the asthma exacerbation score decreased from 1.0(0.3-1.0) episodes/4 months to 0.0(0.0-1.0) episodes/4 months, P<0.001, and FEV1/FVC increased from 58.4% (50.5%-69.0%) to 66.9% (59.6%-77.7%), P<0.01. The number of patients requiring OCS maintenance therapy decreased from 15 (75%) to 9 (45%), P<0.05. Among patients who completed 12 months of treatment, the asthma exacerbation score decreased from 1.0(0.5-1.0) episodes/4 months to 0.0 (0.0-0.0) episodes/4 months, P<0.01, and FEV1/FVC increased from 57.9% (49.6%-67.8%) to 72.7% (64.6%-78.7%), P<0.01. The number of patients requiring OCS maintenance therapy decreased from 13 (76%) to 6 (35%), P<0.01. In 10 patients with a history of previous biologic therapy, the most common reasons for switching to a biologic were a poor response to previous monoclonal antibodies (40%) and loss of control of asthma symptom control after discontinuation of monoclonal antibodies (30%). The remaining reasons were patients' uncontrolled symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (20%) and irregular or underdosed use of previous biologics (10%). After 4 months of switching to dupilumab, 10 patients experienced varying degrees of improvement in asthma control. Conclusions: The application of dupilumab for the treatment of T2-high severe asthma showed good efficacy and few adverse effects. Biologically targeted therapy is an important treatment approach to achieving better control of severe asthma.

[Etiological analysis on a foodborne disease outbreak caused by two serotypes of Salmonella]

Objective: To understand the etiological characteristics of 2 serotypes of Salmonella strains isolated from a foodborne disease outbreak. Methods: A total of 11 anal swabs of the cases, 13 suspected contaminated food and 10 environmental samples were collected from a foodborne disease outbreak occurred on September 8, 2022 in a school. The anal swabs were enriched with selenite brilliant green enrichment broth (SBG) and brain heart infusion broth (BHI) respectively. PCR detection and culture of common intestinal pathogens were carried out. The suspected food samples were tested according to national standards for food safety. Multiple suspected Salmonella colonies were obtained and selected for serotype determination and whole genome sequencing. Serotypes were determined based on the whole-genome sequence, and clustering analysis was performed based on core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Results: The positive rates of Salmonella in anal swabs and suspected food samples were 9/11 and 5/13 respectively. Both Salmonella Uganda and Salmonella Idikan were isolated from 4 anal swabs and 4 suspected food samples. For the remaining samples, only Salmonella Uganda or Salmonella Idikan was isolated in each sample. The positive rate of Salmonella in 11 anal swabs of the cases after BHI enrichment for 12 h and 24 h were all 9/11 in real-time PCR, same to the culture results. Salmonella Uganda and Salmonella Idikan formed two independent and genetically distant lineages in the clustering tree based on core genome SNP, and 0-14 and 0-23 SNP were observed in Salmonella Uganda and Salmonella Idikan respectively. Conclusions: This foodborne disease outbreak was probably caused by Salmonella Uganda and Salmonella Idikan, which both exhibited strong genetic diversity. The PCR based pathogen screening strategy plus pathogen enrichment for cases' annal swabs can be used in the routine outbreak investigation.

First Double-Differential Measurement of Kinematic Imbalance in Neutrino Interactions with the MicroBooNE Detector

We report the first measurement of flux-integrated double-differential quasielasticlike neutrino-argon cross sections, which have been made using the Booster Neutrino Beam and the MicroBooNE detector at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The data are presented as a function of kinematic imbalance variables which are sensitive to nuclear ground-state distributions and hadronic reinteraction processes. We find that the measured cross sections in different phase-space regions are sensitive to different nuclear effects. Therefore, they enable the impact of specific nuclear effects on the neutrino-nucleus interaction to be isolated more completely than was possible using previous single-differential cross section measurements. Our results provide precision data to help test and improve neutrino-nucleus interaction models. They further support ongoing neutrino-oscillation studies by establishing phase-space regions where precise reaction modeling has already been achieved.

Measurement of the Prompt D^{0} Nuclear Modification Factor in p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV

The production of prompt D^{0} mesons in proton-lead collisions in both the forward and backward rapidity regions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16  TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment. The nuclear modification factor of prompt D^{0} mesons is determined as a function of the transverse momentum p_{T}, and the rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass frame y^{*}. In the forward rapidity region, significantly suppressed production with respect to pp collisions is measured, which provides significant constraints on models of nuclear parton distributions and hadron production down to the very low Bjorken-x region of ∼10^{-5}. In the backward rapidity region, a suppression with a significance of 2.0-3.8 standard deviations compared to parton distribution functions in a nuclear environment expectations is found in the kinematic region of p_{T}>6  GeV/c and -3.25 Collapse

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Affiliation(s)

R Aaij Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
A S W Abdelmotteleb Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
C Abellan Beteta Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
F Abudinén Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
T Ackernley Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
B Adeva Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
M Adinolfi H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
H Afsharnia Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
C Agapopoulou LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
C A Aidala University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
S Aiola INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
Z Ajaltouni Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
S Akar University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
K Akiba Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
J Albrecht Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
F Alessio European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
M Alexander School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
A Alfonso Albero ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Z Aliouche Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
P Alvarez Cartelle Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
S Amato Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
J L Amey H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Y Amhis Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
L An European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
L Anderlini INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
M Andersson Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
A Andreianov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
M Andreotti INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
D Andreou Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
D Ao University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
F Archilli Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
A Artamonov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
M Artuso Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
E Aslanides Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
M Atzeni Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
B Audurier Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
S Bachmann Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
M Bachmayer Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
J J Back Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
A Bailly-Reyre LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
P Baladron Rodriguez Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
V Balagura Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
W Baldini INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
J Baptista de Souza Leite Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
M Barbetti INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
R J Barlow Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
S Barsuk Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
W Barter Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
M Bartolini Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
F Baryshnikov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
J M Basels I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
G Bassi INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
B Batsukh Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
A Battig Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
A Bay Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
A Beck Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
M Becker Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
F Bedeschi INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
I B Bediaga Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
A Beiter Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
V Belavin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
S Belin Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
V Bellee Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
K Belous Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
I Belov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
I Belyaev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
G Bencivenni INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
E Ben-Haim LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
A Berezhnoy Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
R Bernet Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
D Berninghoff Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
H C Bernstein Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
C Bertella Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
A Bertolin Università degli Studi di Padova, Università e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy
C Betancourt Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
F Betti European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
Ia Bezshyiko Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
S Bhasin H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
J Bhom Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
L Bian School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
M S Bieker Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
N V Biesuz INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
S Bifani University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
P Billoir LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
A Biolchini Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
M Birch Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
F C R Bishop Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
A Bitadze Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
A Bizzeti Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy Università degli Studi di Padova, Università e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (associated with Institution Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom) Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (associated with Institution Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Physics and Micro Electronic College, Hunan University, Changsha City, China (associated with Institution Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China) School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China) Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with Institution LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France) Universität Bonn - Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany (associated with Institution Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany) Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary (associated with Institution European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland) INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy (associated with Institution INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy) Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands) Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands) DS4DS, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain (associated with Institution ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (associated with Institution School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
M P Blago Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
T Blake Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
F Blanc Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
S Blusk Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
D Bobulska School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
J A Boelhauve Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
O Boente Garcia Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
T Boettcher University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
A Boldyrev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
N Bondar Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
S Borghi Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
M Borsato Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
J T Borsuk Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
S A Bouchiba Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
T J V Bowcock European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
A Boyer European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
C Bozzi INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
M J Bradley Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
S Braun University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
A Brea Rodriguez Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
J Brodzicka Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
A Brossa Gonzalo Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
D Brundu INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
A Buonaura Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
L Buonincontri Università degli Studi di Padova, Università e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy
A T Burke Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
C Burr European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
A Bursche Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
A Butkevich Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
J S Butter Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
J Buytaert European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
W Byczynski European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
S Cadeddu INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
H Cai School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
R Calabrese INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
L Calefice LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
S Cali INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
R Calladine University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
M Calvi INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
M Calvo Gomez DS4DS, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain (associated with Institution ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
P Camargo Magalhaes H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
P Campana INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
D H Campora Perez Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
A F Campoverde Quezada University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
S Capelli INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
L Capriotti INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
A Carbone INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
G Carboni INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
R Cardinale INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
A Cardini INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
I Carli Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
P Carniti INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
L Carus I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
A Casais Vidal Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
R Caspary Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
G Casse Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
M Cattaneo European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
G Cavallero European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
V Cavallini INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
S Celani Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
J Cerasoli Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
D Cervenkov Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
A J Chadwick Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
M G Chapman H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
M Charles LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
Ph Charpentier European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
C A Chavez Barajas Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
M Chefdeville Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
C Chen Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
S Chen Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
A Chernov Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
S Chernyshenko Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
V Chobanova Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
S Cholak Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
M Chrzaszcz Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
A Chubykin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
V Chulikov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
P Ciambrone INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
M F Cicala Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
X Cid Vidal Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
G Ciezarek European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
G Ciullo INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
P E L Clarke School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
M Clemencic European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
H V Cliff Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
J Closier European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
J L Cobbledick Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
V Coco European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
J A B Coelho Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
J Cogan Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
E Cogneras Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
L Cojocariu Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
P Collins European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
T Colombo European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
L Congedo INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
A Contu INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
N Cooke University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
G Coombs School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
I Corredoira Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
G Corti European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
B Couturier European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
D C Craik Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
J Crkovská Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
M Cruz Torres Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
R Currie School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
C L Da Silva Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
S Dadabaev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
L Dai Physics and Micro Electronic College, Hunan University, Changsha City, China (associated with Institution Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China)
E Dall'Occo Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
J Dalseno Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
C D'Ambrosio European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
A Danilina Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
P d'Argent Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
J E Davies Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
A Davis Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
O De Aguiar Francisco Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
J de Boer European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
K De Bruyn Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
S De Capua Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
M De Cian Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
U De Freitas Carneiro Da Graca Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
E De Lucia INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
J M De Miranda Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
L De Paula Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
M De Serio INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
D De Simone Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
P De Simone INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
F De Vellis Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
J A de Vries Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
C T Dean Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
F Debernardis INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
D Decamp Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
V Dedu Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
L Del Buono LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
B Delaney Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
H-P Dembinski Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
V Denysenko Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
O Deschamps Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
F Dettori INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
B Dey Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary (associated with Institution European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland)
A Di Cicco INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
P Di Nezza INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
S Didenko Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
L Dieste Maronas Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
S Ding Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
V Dobishuk Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
A Dolmatov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
C Dong Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
A M Donohoe School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
F Dordei INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
A C Dos Reis Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
L Douglas School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
A G Downes Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
M W Dudek Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
L Dufour European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
V Duk INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy (associated with Institution INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy)
P Durante European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
J M Durham Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
D Dutta Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
A Dziurda Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
A Dzyuba Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
S Easo STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
U Egede School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (associated with Institution Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom)
V Egorychev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
S Eidelman Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
S Eisenhardt School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
S Ek-In Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
L Eklund Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (associated with Institution School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom)
S Ely Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
A Ene Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
E Epple Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
S Escher I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
J Eschle Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
S Esen Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
T Evans Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
L N Falcao Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Y Fan University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
B Fang School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
S Farry Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
D Fazzini INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
M Feo European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
A D Fernez University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
F Ferrari INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
L Ferreira Lopes Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
F Ferreira Rodrigues Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
S Ferreres Sole Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
M Ferrillo Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
M Ferro-Luzzi European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
S Filippov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
R A Fini INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
M Fiorini INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
M Firlej AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
K M Fischer Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
D S Fitzgerald University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
C Fitzpatrick Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
T Fiutowski AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
F Fleuret Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
M Fontana LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
F Fontanelli INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
R Forty European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
D Foulds-Holt Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
V Franco Lima Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
M Franco Sevilla University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
M Frank European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
E Franzoso INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
G Frau Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
C Frei European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
D A Friday School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
J Fu University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Q Fuehring Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
E Gabriel Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
G Galati INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
A Gallas Torreira Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
D Galli INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
S Gambetta European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Y Gan Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
M Gandelman Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
P Gandini INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
Y Gao School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
M Garau INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
L M Garcia Martin Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
P Garcia Moreno ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
J García Pardiñas INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
B Garcia Plana Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
F A Garcia Rosales Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
L Garrido ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
C Gaspar European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
R E Geertsema Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
D Gerick Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
L L Gerken Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
E Gersabeck Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
M Gersabeck Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
T Gershon Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
L Giambastiani Università degli Studi di Padova, Università e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy
V Gibson Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
H K Giemza National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
A L Gilman Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
M Giovannetti INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
A Gioventù Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
P Gironella Gironell ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
C Giugliano INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
M A Giza Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
K Gizdov School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
E L Gkougkousis European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
V V Gligorov LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
C Göbel Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (associated with Institution Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
E Golobardes DS4DS, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain (associated with Institution ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
D Golubkov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
A Golutvin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
A Gomes Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
S Gomez Fernandez ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
F Goncalves Abrantes Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
M Goncerz Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
G Gong Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
I V Gorelov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
C Gotti INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
J P Grabowski Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
T Grammatico LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
L A Granado Cardoso European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
E Graugés ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
E Graverini Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
G Graziani Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy Università degli Studi di Padova, Università e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (associated with Institution Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom) Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (associated with Institution Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Physics and Micro Electronic College, Hunan University, Changsha City, China (associated with Institution Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China) School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China) Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with Institution LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France) Universität Bonn - Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany (associated with Institution Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany) Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary (associated with Institution European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland) INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy (associated with Institution INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy) Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands) Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands) DS4DS, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain (associated with Institution ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (associated with Institution School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
A T Grecu Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
L M Greeven Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
N A Grieser Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
L Grillo School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
S Gromov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
B R Gruberg Cazon Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
C Gu Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
M Guarise INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
M Guittiere Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
P A Günther Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
E Gushchin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
A Guth I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Y Guz Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
T Gys European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
T Hadavizadeh School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (associated with Institution Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom)
G Haefeli Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
C Haen European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
J Haimberger European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
S C Haines Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
T Halewood-Leagas Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
M M Halvorsen European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
P M Hamilton University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
J Hammerich Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Q Han Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
X Han Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
E B Hansen Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
S Hansmann-Menzemer Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
L Hao University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
N Harnew Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
T Harrison Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
C Hasse European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
M Hatch European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
J He University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
K Heijhoff Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
K Heinicke Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
R D L Henderson Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (associated with Institution Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom)
A M Hennequin Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
K Hennessy Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
L Henry European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
J Heuel I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
A Hicheur Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
D Hill Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
M Hilton Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
S E Hollitt Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
R Hou Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
Y Hou Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
J Hu Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
J Hu Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
W Hu School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
X Hu Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
W Huang University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
X Huang School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
W Hulsbergen Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
R J Hunter Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
M Hushchyn Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
D Hutchcroft Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
P Ibis Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
M Idzik AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
D Ilin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
P Ilten University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
A Inglessi Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
A Iniukhin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
A Ishteev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
K Ivshin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
R Jacobsson European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
H Jage I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
S J Jaimes Elles Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
S Jakobsen European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
E Jans Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
B K Jashal Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
A Jawahery University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
V Jevtic Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
X Jiang Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
M John Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
D Johnson Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
C R Jones Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
T P Jones Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
B Jost European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
N Jurik European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
I Juszczak Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
S Kandybei NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
Y Kang Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
M Karacson European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
D Karpenkov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
M Karpov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
J W Kautz University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
F Keizer European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
D M Keller Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
M Kenzie Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
T Ketel Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
B Khanji Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
A Kharisova Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
S Kholodenko Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
T Kirn I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
V S Kirsebom Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
O Kitouni Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
S Klaver Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
N Kleijne INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
K Klimaszewski National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
M R Kmiec National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
S Koliiev Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
A Kondybayeva Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
A Konoplyannikov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
P Kopciewicz AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
R Kopecna Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
P Koppenburg Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
M Korolev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
I Kostiuk Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
O Kot Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
S Kotriakhova Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy Università degli Studi di Padova, Università e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (associated with Institution Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom) Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (associated with Institution Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Physics and Micro Electronic College, Hunan University, Changsha City, China (associated with Institution Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China) School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China) Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with Institution LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France) Universität Bonn - Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany (associated with Institution Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany) Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary (associated with Institution European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland) INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy (associated with Institution INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy) Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands) Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands) DS4DS, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain (associated with Institution ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (associated with Institution School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
A Kozachuk Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
P Kravchenko Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
L Kravchuk Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
R D Krawczyk European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
M Kreps Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
S Kretzschmar I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
P Krokovny Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
W Krupa AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
W Krzemien National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
J Kubat Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
W Kucewicz AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
M Kucharczyk Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
V Kudryavtsev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
G J Kunde Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
D Lacarrere European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
G Lafferty Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
A Lai INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
A Lampis INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
D Lancierini Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
J J Lane Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
R Lane H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
G Lanfranchi INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
C Langenbruch I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
J Langer Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
O Lantwin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
T Latham Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
F Lazzari INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
M Lazzaroni INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
R Le Gac Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
S H Lee University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
R Lefèvre Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
A Leflat Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
S Legotin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
P Lenisa INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
O Leroy Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
T Lesiak Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
B Leverington Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
H Li Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
K Li Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
P Li Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
S Li Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
Y Li Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
Z Li Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
X Liang Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
C Lin University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
T Lin STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
R Lindner European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
V Lisovskyi Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
R Litvinov INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
G Liu Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
H Liu University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Q Liu University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
S Liu Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
A Lobo Salvia ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
A Loi INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
R Lollini INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy (associated with Institution INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy)
J Lomba Castro Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
I Longstaff School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
J H Lopes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
S López Soliño Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
G H Lovell Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Y Lu Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
C Lucarelli INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
D Lucchesi Università degli Studi di Padova, Università e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy
S Luchuk Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
M Lucio Martinez Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
V Lukashenko Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
Y Luo Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
A Lupato Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
E Luppi INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
A Lusiani INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
K Lynch School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
X-R Lyu University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
L Ma Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
R Ma University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
S Maccolini INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
F Machefert Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
F Maciuc Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
V Macko Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
P Mackowiak Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
S Maddrell-Mander H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
L R Madhan Mohan H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
A Maevskiy Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
D Maisuzenko Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
M W Majewski AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
J J Malczewski Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
S Malde Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
B Malecki Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
A Malinin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
T Maltsev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
H Malygina Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
G Manca INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
G Mancinelli Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
D Manuzzi INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
C A Manzari Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
D Marangotto INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
J F Marchand Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
U Marconi INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
S Mariani INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
C Marin Benito ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
M Marinangeli Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
J Marks Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
A M Marshall H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
P J Marshall Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
G Martelli INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy (associated with Institution INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy)
G Martellotti INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
L Martinazzoli European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
M Martinelli INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
D Martinez Santos Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
F Martinez Vidal Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
A Massafferri Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
M Materok I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
R Matev European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
A Mathad Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
V Matiunin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
C Matteuzzi INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
K R Mattioli University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
A Mauri Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
E Maurice Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
J Mauricio ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
M Mazurek European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
M McCann Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
L Mcconnell School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
T H McGrath Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
N T McHugh School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
A McNab Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
R McNulty School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
J V Mead Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
B Meadows University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
G Meier Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
D Melnychuk National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
S Meloni INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
M Merk Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
A Merli INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
L Meyer Garcia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
M Mikhasenko Universität Bonn - Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany (associated with Institution Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
D A Milanes Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with Institution LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
E Millard Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
M Milovanovic European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
M-N Minard Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
A Minotti INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
S E Mitchell School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
B Mitreska Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
D S Mitzel Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
A Mödden Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
R A Mohammed Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
R D Moise Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
S Mokhnenko Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
T Mombächer Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
I A Monroy Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with Institution LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
S Monteil Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
M Morandin Università degli Studi di Padova, Università e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy
G Morello INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
M J Morello INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
J Moron AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
A B Morris Universität Bonn - Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany (associated with Institution Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
A G Morris Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
R Mountain Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
H Mu Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
F Muheim School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
M Mulder Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
K Müller Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
C H Murphy Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
D Murray Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
R Murta Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
P Muzzetto INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
P Naik H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
T Nakada Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
R Nandakumar STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
T Nanut European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
I Nasteva Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
M Needham School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
N Neri INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
S Neubert Universität Bonn - Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany (associated with Institution Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
N Neufeld European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
P Neustroev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
R Newcombe Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
E M Niel Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
S Nieswand I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
N Nikitin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
N S Nolte Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
C Normand Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
C Nunez University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
A Oblakowska-Mucha AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
V Obraztsov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
T Oeser I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
D P O'Hanlon H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
S Okamura INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
R Oldeman INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
F Oliva School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
M E Olivares Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
C J G Onderwater Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
R H O'Neil School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
J M Otalora Goicochea Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
T Ovsiannikova Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
P Owen Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
A Oyanguren Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
O Ozcelik School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
K O Padeken Universität Bonn - Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany (associated with Institution Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
B Pagare Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
P R Pais European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
T Pajero Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
A Palano INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
M Palutan INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
Y Pan Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
G Panshin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
A Papanestis STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
M Pappagallo INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
L L Pappalardo INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
C Pappenheimer University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
W Parker University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
C Parkes Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
B Passalacqua INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
G Passaleva INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
A Pastore INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
M Patel Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
C Patrignani INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
C J Pawley Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
A Pearce European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
A Pellegrino Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
M Pepe Altarelli European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
S Perazzini INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
D Pereima Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
A Pereiro Castro Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
P Perret Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
M Petric School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
K Petridis H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
A Petrolini INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
A Petrov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
S Petrucci School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
M Petruzzo INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
H Pham Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
A Philippov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
R Piandani University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
L Pica INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
M Piccini INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy (associated with Institution INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy)
B Pietrzyk Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
G Pietrzyk Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
M Pili Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
D Pinci INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
F Pisani European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
M Pizzichemi INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
V Placinta Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
J Plews University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
M Plo Casasus Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
F Polci LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
M Poli Lener INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
M Poliakova Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
A Poluektov Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
N Polukhina Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
I Polyakov Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
E Polycarpo Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
S Ponce European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
D Popov University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
S Popov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
S Poslavskii Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
K Prasanth Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
L Promberger European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
C Prouve Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
V Pugatch Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
V Puill Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
G Punzi INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
H R Qi Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
W Qian University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
N Qin Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
S Qu Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
R Quagliani Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
N V Raab School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
R I Rabadan Trejo University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
B Rachwal AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
J H Rademacker H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
R Rajagopalan Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
M Rama INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
M Ramos Pernas Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
M S Rangel Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
F Ratnikov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
G Raven Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
M Rebollo De Miguel Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
F Redi European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
F Reiss Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
C Remon Alepuz Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
Z Ren Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
V Renaudin Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
P K Resmi Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
R Ribatti INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
A M Ricci INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
S Ricciardi STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
K Rinnert Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
P Robbe Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
G Robertson School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
A B Rodrigues Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
E Rodrigues Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
J A Rodriguez Lopez Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with Institution LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
E Rodriguez Rodriguez Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
A Rollings Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
P Roloff European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
V Romanovskiy Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
M Romero Lamas Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
A Romero Vidal Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
J D Roth University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
M Rotondo INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
M S Rudolph Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
T Ruf European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
R A Ruiz Fernandez Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
J Ruiz Vidal Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
A Ryzhikov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
J Ryzka AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
J J Saborido Silva Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
N Sagidova Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
N Sahoo University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
B Saitta INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
M Salomoni European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
C Sanchez Gras Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
I Sanderswood Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
R Santacesaria INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
C Santamarina Rios Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
M Santimaria INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
E Santovetti INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
D Saranin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
G Sarpis I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
M Sarpis Universität Bonn - Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany (associated with Institution Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
A Sarti INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
C Satriano INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
A Satta INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
M Saur Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
D Savrina Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
H Sazak Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
L G Scantlebury Smead Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
A Scarabotto LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
S Schael I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
S Scherl Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
M Schiller School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
H Schindler European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
M Schmelling Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
B Schmidt European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
S Schmitt I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
O Schneider Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
A Schopper European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
M Schubiger Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
S Schulte Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
M H Schune Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
R Schwemmer European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
B Sciascia INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
A Sciuccati European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
S Sellam Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
A Semennikov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
M Senghi Soares Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
A Sergi INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
N Serra Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
L Sestini Università degli Studi di Padova, Università e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy
A Seuthe Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
Y Shang School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
D M Shangase University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
M Shapkin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
I Shchemerov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
L Shchutska Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
T Shears Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
L Shekhtman Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
Z Shen School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
S Sheng Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
V Shevchenko Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
E B Shields INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
Y Shimizu Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
E Shmanin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
J D Shupperd Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
B G Siddi INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
R Silva Coutinho Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
G Simi Università degli Studi di Padova, Università e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy
S Simone INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
M Singla School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (associated with Institution Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom)
N Skidmore Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
R Skuza Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
T Skwarnicki Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
M W Slater University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
I Slazyk INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
J C Smallwood Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
J G Smeaton Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
E Smith Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
M Smith Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
A Snoch Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
L Soares Lavra Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
M D Sokoloff University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
F J P Soler School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
A Solomin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
A Solovev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
I Solovyev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
F L Souza De Almeida Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
B Souza De Paula Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
B Spaan Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
E Spadaro Norella INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
E Spiridenkov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
P Spradlin School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
V Sriskaran European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
F Stagni European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
M Stahl University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
S Stahl European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
S Stanislaus Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
O Steinkamp Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
O Stenyakin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
H Stevens Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
S Stone Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
D Strekalina Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
F Suljik Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
J Sun INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
L Sun School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
Y Sun University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
P Svihra Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
P N Swallow University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
K Swientek AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
A Szabelski National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
T Szumlak AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
M Szymanski European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
S Taneja Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
A R Tanner H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
M D Tat Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
A Terentev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
F Teubert European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
E Thomas European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
D J D Thompson University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
K A Thomson Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
H Tilquin Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
V Tisserand Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
S T'Jampens Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
M Tobin Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
L Tomassetti INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
G Tonani INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
X Tong School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
D Torres Machado Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
D Y Tou Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
E Trifonova Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
S M Trilov H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
C Trippl Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
G Tuci University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
A Tully Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
N Tuning Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
A Ukleja National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
D J Unverzagt Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
E Ursov Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
A Usachov Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
A Ustyuzhanin Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
U Uwer Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
A Vagner Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
V Vagnoni INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
A Valassi European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
G Valenti INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
N Valls Canudas DS4DS, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain (associated with Institution ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
M van Beuzekom Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
M Van Dijk Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
H Van Hecke Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
E van Herwijnen Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
M van Veghel Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
R Vazquez Gomez ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
P Vazquez Regueiro Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
C Vázquez Sierra European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
S Vecchi INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
J J Velthuis H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
M Veltri INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
A Venkateswaran Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
M Veronesi Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
M Vesterinen Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
D Vieira University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
M Vieites Diaz Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
X Vilasis-Cardona DS4DS, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain (associated with Institution ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
E Vilella Figueras Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
A Villa INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
P Vincent LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
F C Volle Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
D Vom Bruch Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
A Vorobyev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
V Vorobyev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
N Voropaev Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
K Vos Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
R Waldi Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
J Walsh INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
C Wang Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
J Wang School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
J Wang Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
J Wang Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
J Wang School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
M Wang School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
R Wang H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Y Wang Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
Z Wang Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Z Wang Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Z Wang University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
J A Ward Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (associated with Institution Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom)
N K Watson University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
D Websdale Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
C Weisser Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
B D C Westhenry H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
D J White Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
M Whitehead School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
A R Wiederhold Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
D Wiedner Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
G Wilkinson Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
M K Wilkinson University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
I Williams Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
M Williams Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
M R J Williams School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
R Williams Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
F F Wilson STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
W Wislicki National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
M Witek Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
L Witola Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
C P Wong Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
G Wormser Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
S A Wotton Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
H Wu Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
K Wyllie European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
Z Xiang University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
D Xiao Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
Y Xie Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
A Xu School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
J Xu University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
L Xu Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
M Xu Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
Q Xu University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Z Xu Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Z Xu University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
D Yang Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
S Yang University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Y Yang University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Z Yang School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
Z Yang University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
L E Yeomans Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
H Yin Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
J Yu Physics and Micro Electronic College, Hunan University, Changsha City, China (associated with Institution Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China)
X Yuan Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
E Zaffaroni Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
M Zavertyaev Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
M Zdybal Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
O Zenaiev European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
M Zeng Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
D Zhang Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
L Zhang Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
S Zhang Physics and Micro Electronic College, Hunan University, Changsha City, China (associated with Institution Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China)
S Zhang School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
Y Zhang School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
Y Zhang Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
A Zharkova Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
A Zhelezov Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Y Zheng University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
T Zhou School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
X Zhou University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Y Zhou University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
V Zhovkovska Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
X Zhu Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
X Zhu Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
Z Zhu University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
V Zhukov I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
Q Zou Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
S Zucchelli INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
D Zuliani Università degli Studi di Padova, Università e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy
G Zunica Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

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[A randomized controlled study on the long-term efficacy of intra-cervical lymphatic immunotherapy for adult allergic rhinitis]

Objective: To determine the long-term efficacy and safety of intra-cervical lymphatic immunotherapy (ICLIT) for adult allergic rhinitis (AR) by comparing it with subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). Methods: A total of 100 adult AR patients with dust mite allergy in Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First People's Hospital of Foshan from Feb 2018 to Dec 2019 were randomly divided into two groups, 50 in SCIT group [including 42 males and 8 females, aging (32.55±9.72) years] and 50 in ICLIT group [including 45 males and 5 females, aging (31.33±9.84) years]. The changes in total symptom score (total system score, TSS), nasal symptom score (total nasal symptom score, TNSS), eye symptom score (total ocular scoring system, TOSS), drug score (total medication score, TMS), and quality of life score of the two groups of patients were evaluated before and after treatment, and the adverse reactions of all patients during the treatment period were recorded. The changes in the level of dust mite specific IgE (sIgE) in the serum were evaluated. GraphPad Prism 9.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: In the SCIT group, 38 patients completed treatment and follow-up, with a dropout rate of 24%. In the ICLIT group, 48 patients completed treatment and follow-up, with a dropout rate of only 4%. The scores of TSS, TNSS, TOSS, TMS, and quality of life in the ICLIT group before treatment were 32.1±3.0, 27.3±3.1, 4.8±2.8, 2.3±0.9, and 68.1±28.7, respectively; After 36 months of treatment, the scores were 21.8±11.4, 18.1±9.4, 3.7±2.9, 1.3±1.1, and 36.0±26.7, respectively, which were significantly lower than those before treatment (all P<0.001). After 36 months of treatment, the TSS of the ICLIT group improved by 10.3±11.2 compared to before, while the TSS of the SCIT group improved significantly by 21.9±11.0 compared to before, with statistically significant differences between the groups (P<0.001). No serious systemic adverse reactions occurred in both groups of patients. Conclusions: ICLIT treatment for adult AR has long-term efficacy, high safety, and high compliance, but its long-term efficacy is not as good as SCIT. ICLIT can be considered as a new complementary option for AR immunotherapy.

Relationship between dietary patterns and diabetic microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different dietary patterns and diabetic microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This study was conducted based on the Chinese Chronic Disease and its Risk Factor Surveillance System. A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to randomly select two districts (Henghualing District, Taiyuan City, and Yuzi District, Jinzhong City) and two counties (Huguan County, Changzhi City, and Jiang County, Yuncheng City) from the chronic disease surveillance sites in Shanxi Province to collect general information, dietary records, physical measurements, and laboratory tests. In total, 1,227 patients were enrolled according to the study criteria. Factor analysis was performed to construct six dietary patterns, and the relationship between dietary pattern scores and type 2 diabetic microvascular complications was analysed using binary logistic regression after correcting for confounders.

RESULTS

(1) Regarding the prevalence of type 2 diabetic microvascular complications and dietary characteristics, the prevalence of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was 55.3% and was higher in urban than in rural areas. The prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) were 21.4%, 12.7%, and 38.0%, respectively. (2) Six dietary patterns were constructed, namely, 'animal protein', 'coarse grains and plant protein', 'nuts and fruits', 'refined grains and vegetables', 'dairy', and 'added sugars', with factor contributions of 15.42%, 9.99%, 8.23%, 8.16%, 7.56%, and 7.28% respectively, explaining 56.64% of the total dietary variation. (3) After adjusting for confounding variables, the results of binary logistic regression indicated that patients in the highest quartile of dietary pattern scores for 'nuts and fruits' experienced a 43.3% lower risk of DKD compared to those in the lowest quartile [odds ratio (OR) = 0.567; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.359-0.894; p < 0.001]. Similarly, patients in the highest quartile of dietary pattern scores for 'animal protein' had a 42.8% lower risk of DPN compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.572; 95% CI, 0.388-0.843; p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study suggest that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a 'nuts and fruits' dietary pattern reduces the risk of DKD and an 'animal protein' dietary pattern reduces the risk of DPN.

Measurement of the Time-Integrated CP Asymmetry in D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} Decays

The time-integrated CP asymmetry in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.7  fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the LHCb detector. The D^{0} mesons are required to originate from promptly produced D^{*+}→D^{0}π^{+} decays, and the charge of the companion pion is used to determine the flavor of the charm meson at production. The time-integrated CP asymmetry is measured to be A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+})=[6.8±5.4±1.6]×10^{-4} where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The direct CP asymmetries in D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} and D^{0}→π^{-}π^{+} decays, a_{K^{-}K^{+}}^{d} and a_{π^{-}π^{+}}^{d}, are derived by combining A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+}) with the time-integrated CP asymmetry difference, ΔA_{CP}=A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+})-A_{CP}(π^{-}π^{+}), and other inputs, giving a_{K^{-}K^{+}}^{d}=(7.7±5.7)×10^{-4},a_{π^{-}π^{+}}^{d}=(23.2±6.1)×10^{-4},with a correlation coefficient corresponding to ρ=0.88. The compatibility of these results with CP symmetry is 1.4 and 3.8 standard deviations for D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} and D^{0}→π^{-}π^{+} decays, respectively. This is the first evidence for direct CP violation in a specific D^{0} decay.

Derivation and validation of a novel preoperative risk prediction model for surgical site infection in pancreaticoduodenectomy and comparison of preoperative antibiotics with different risk stratifications in retrospective cohort

BACKGROUND

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common postoperative complications of pancreaticoduodenectomy.

AIM

To develop a model for preoperative identification of the risk of SSI that may improve outcomes and guide preoperative antibiotics.

METHODS

The prediction model was built by meta-analysis. After literature search and inclusion, data extraction, and quantitative synthesis, the prediction model was established based on the pooled odds ratio of predictors. A single-centre retrospective cohort was the validation cohort. Receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve were used to assess the model's ability. We also created a decision curve and a calibration plot to assess the nomogram. The effects of prophylactic antibiotics on SSI were compared between groups by multivariable logistic regression with different risk stratifications.

FINDINGS

Twenty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis, 17 studies in the derivation cohort. Age, male gender, body mass index, pancreatic duct diameter, high-risk diagnosis, and preoperative biliary drainage were selected to build the prediction model. The model was validated in an external cohort. The cut-off value was 3.5 and area under the curve (AUC) was 0.76 in open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD). In laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy, the cut-off value was 4.5 and AUC was 0.69. Decision curve and calibration plot showed good usability of the model, especially in OPD. Multivariable logistic regression did not indicate differences between broad- and narrow-spectrum antibiotics for SSI in different risk stratifications.

CONCLUSION

The model can identify patients with a high risk of SSI preoperatively. The choice of prophylactic antibiotics under different risk stratifications should be investigated further.

Risk factors for bloodstream infection in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), a standard treatment for paediatric haematological diseases, is highly associated with bloodstream infection (BSI), which may increase mortality.

AIM

To explore the risk factors for BSI in paediatric HSCT recipients.

METHODS

Three English databases and four Chinese databases were searched from inception to March 17th, 2022. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies that enrolled HSCT recipients aged ≤18 years and reported BSI risk factors. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), certainty of body of evidence was assessed.

FINDINGS

Fourteen studies involving 4602 persons were included. The incidences of BSI and associated mortality in paediatric HSCT recipients were approximately 10-50% and 5-15%, respectively. Meta-analysis of all studies revealed that previous BSI before HSCT (relative effect (RE): 2.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-4.34, moderate certainty) and receiving an umbilical cord blood transplant (RE: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.22-1.97, moderate certainty) were probably associated with an increased risk of BSI. Meta-analysis of studies with low risk of bias reassured that previous BSI before HSCT probably increased the risk of BSI (RE: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.19-4.34, moderate certainty), and revealed that steroid use (RE: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.31-5.64, moderate certainty) was likely a risk factor whereas autologous HSCT was probably a protective factor of BSI (RE: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.45-0.94, moderate certainty).

CONCLUSION

These findings could inform the management of paediatric HSCT recipients, helping identify who may benefit from prophylactic antibiotics.