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Wang W, Li X, Shi F, Zhang Z, Lv H. Study on the preparation of EGCG-γ-Cyclodextrin inclusion complex and its drug-excipient combined therapeutic effects on the treatment of DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis in mice. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122419. [PMID: 36423710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, γ-cyclodextrins (γ-CD) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) were designed to form an inclusion complex (EGCG-γ-IC) for ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment. The drug-excipient combined therapeutic potential of γ-CD and EGCG was verified, when stability and compliance were also achieved. EGCG-γ-IC effectively inhibited the secretions of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 and the intracellular ROS in RAW264.7 cells. The effectiveness of EGCG-γ-IC in treating DSS-induced acute UC in mice was observed including improving the histological conditions of the colon, reducing the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum, and restoring MPO, GSH, and sIgA levels in intestinal tissues. Moreover, EGCG-γ-IC had a more prominent effect on regulating bacterial dysbiosis caused by DSS than EGCG and γ-CD alone. Therefore, EGCG-γ-IC designed here displayed UC treating capacity with safety in the long-term application and promised an industrial production potential due to its excellent storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, China.
| | - Fanli Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 210028 Nanjing, China.
| | - Huixia Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, China.
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Shi G, Kong J, Wang Y, Xuan Z, Xu F. Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice through inhibiting of NF-κB signaling pathways and modulating intestinal microbiota. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 298:115640. [PMID: 36030029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice is widely used in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for compound compatibility, which could reduce toxicity and increase efficacy of certain herbal medicine, and its active components prominently effects of inhibit of inflammation and regulate of immunity. AIM OF THE STUDY The study probed into the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of licorice based on the domination of the T helper type 17/regulatory T cells (Th17/Treg) differentiation balance and the composition and structure of the intestinal flora through the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were inoculated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to establish animal models of ulcerative colitis (UC). For the pharmacodynamic study, UC mice were observed for the anti-inflammatory effect of licorice water extraction (LWE) in vivo, including clinical observation and measurement of colon length. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate pathological conditions. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to observe the intestinal barrier of the colons. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured using with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The proportions of T helper (Th) cells in the colons was assessed using flow cytometry. Gut microbiota diversity was detected using 16S ribosomal (r)DNA sequencing. In addition, Western blot (WB) assays were used to verify ROR-γt, Foxp3, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB expression according to a standard protocol. RESULTS LWE exerted a pharmacological anti-inflammatory effect by attenuating inflammation in the colonic tissues through affecting the protein expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, and increasing the expression of tight junction (TJ) protein in the colons, improving the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier in vivo. Moreover, LWE reversed the imbalance in Th17/Treg cells differentiation and influenced the protein expression of ROR-γt and Foxp3 in UC mouse colons. In particular, LWE significantly affected the diversity of the gut microbiota in UC mice, ameliorated the composition of dominant species, and significantly increased the type and quantity of probiotics. CONCLUSION Licorice tends to reduce inflammation and enhance the protective action of the intestinal mucosal barrier via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal transduction pathway and alter the imbalance of Th-cell differentiation. Notably, licorice may affect the diversity of intestinal microbiota and the content of beneficial bacteria in the colon, which is a potential mechanism for understanding anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in UC mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Jinrong Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Yunlai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Zihua Xuan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Fan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
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153
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Xie L, Chen T, Liu J, Hou Y, Tan Q, Zhang X, Li Z, Farooq TH, Yan W, Li Y. Intestinal flora variation reflects the short-term damage of microplastic to the intestinal tract in mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 246:114194. [PMID: 36252513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The potential toxicity of microplastic (MPs) to organisms has attracted extensive attention. However, due to the subacute toxicity of MPs, the biological effect is hard to verify in short-term exposure experiment. Here, by tracking the dynamics of gut microbes, mice model was utilized to evaluate the toxicity of compositional MPs (PE, PET, PP, PS and PVC). After 7 days digestive exposure, the physiological indicators were normal as the control group that the body weight and serum cholesterol levels were insignificant change. Whereas, through histopathological examination, all the treatment groups suffered colon tissue damage, among which PS had the most inflammatory cells. Moreover, the high-throughput sequencing results revealed great variation of intestinal flora in treated mice. The ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in PE, PET and PP treatment groups heighten, and the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae increased significantly at family levels. At the genus level, Alistipes bacteria in PS treatment group significantly decreased that is associated with obesity risk. It indicated that MPs induced inflammatory response would further interfere the dynamics of intestinal flora causing health effect in living organisms. This work shed light on MPs toxicity in short-term exposure and supplied research paradigm of MPs health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Xie
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Taili Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qianlong Tan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xuyuan Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ziqian Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- Bangor College China, Central South university of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wende Yan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yong Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
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154
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Su J, Wang Y, Yan M, He Z, Zhou Y, Xu J, Li B, Xu W, Yu J, Chen S, Lv G. The beneficial effects of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. superfine powder on metabolic hypertensive rats via gut-derived LPS/TLR4 pathway inhibition. Phytomedicine 2022; 106:154404. [PMID: 36075182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic hypertension (MH) is characterized by elevated blood pressure accompanied by metabolic abnormalities, with the gut-derived lipopolysaccharide/toll like receptor 4 (LPS/TLR4) pathway an important triggering mechanism. The conventional Chinese plant Polygonatum sibiricum Red. is traditionally used as a medicinal and edible food source. Currently, several studies have examined its anti-obesity and anti-diabetic actions, with potential roles for MH treatment; however, specific P. sibiricum Red. roles in MH and associated mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVES Our purpose was to identify the effects and mechanisms of P. sibiricum Red. superfine powder (PSP) in a MH rat model triggered by high sugar and high fat compounds in an excessive alcohol diet (ACHSFDs). METHODS A MH rat model was induced by ACHSFDs, and PSP was administered daily at 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg doses, respectively. Firstly, the effects of PSP on MH were assessed using blood pressure, serum lipid, and lipid deposition assays in the liver. Changes in intestinal flora were detected by high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, while metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and LPS levels were quantified by gas chromatography (GC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to evaluate histopathological changes in the rat colon. d-lactic acid (d-LA) levels and tight junction proteins (TJPs) expression were also measured to assess intestinal barrier function. Also, aortic endothelial microstructures, serum endothelin 1 (ET-1), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were investigated to determine vascular endothelial function. Finally, the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in the aorta and gut was evaluated by western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Blood pressure and blood lipid metabolism disorders induced by ACHSFDs in MH rats were improved by PSP administration. Intestinal flora analyses revealed decreased SCFAs and LPS levels following PSP administration, which was accompanied by increased Streptococcus species levels and decreased Desulfobacter and Desulfovibrio species levels. PSP increased SCFAs levels, and the expression of SCFAs receptors GPCR41 and GPCR43 in the colon. Meanwhile, the expression of tight junction proteins (TJPs) such as Claudin-1, occludin were upregulated in the ileum and colon, while TLR4 and MyD88 were downregulated, thereby strengthening intestinal barrier integrity and reducing serum LPS levels. Additionally, PSP treatment improved vascular endothelial function by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 pathway in vessels, improving vascular endothelial cell shedding, and regulating the NO and ET-1 balance. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the beneficial effects and potential mechanisms of PSP in our MH rat model. Based on gut microbiota structure modulation and intestinal barrier improvements, PSP inhibited LPS-induced vascular TLR4/MyD88 signaling activation to improve vascular endothelial function, which in turn reduced blood pressure. Our study provides valuable insights on PSP therapy for MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiqiu Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziwen He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanfeng Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Suhong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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155
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Zheng L. New insights into the interplay between intestinal flora and bile acids in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:10823-10839. [PMID: 36338232 PMCID: PMC9631134 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i30.10823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal flora plays a key role in nutrient absorption, metabolism and immune defense, and is considered to be the cornerstone of maintaining the health of human hosts. Bile acids synthesized in the liver can not only promote the absorption of fat-soluble substances in the intestine, but also directly or indirectly affect the structure and function of intestinal flora. Under the action of intestinal flora, bile acids can be converted into secondary bile acids, which can be reabsorbed back to the liver through the enterohepatic circulation. The complex dialogue mechanism between intestinal flora and bile acids is involved in the development of intestinal inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, the effects of intestinal flora, bile acids and their interactions on IBD and the progress of treatment were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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156
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Ren H, Gao S, Wang S, Wang J, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Effects of Dangshen Yuanzhi Powder on learning ability and gut microflora in rats with memory disorder. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 296:115410. [PMID: 35640741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yuanzhi Powder is a commonly used traditional Chinese medical formulae for its potency in enhancing memory and learning. In clinical practice, Yuanzhi Powder is a classic formula in TCM to treat amnesia of the type "deficiency of Qi, turbid phlegm harasses the head and eyes, and stagnation of phlegm converting into the fire". Our previous study showed that Yuanzhi Power, used together with Codonopsis Radix (Dangshen Yuanzhi Power, DYP), could improve learning and memory ability in animals with memory disorder (MD) and its efficacy is superior or equivalent to that of the Yuanzhi Power. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of DYP through the "bacteria-gut-brain axis". MATERIALS AND METHODS The SD rats were divided randomly into control, model, positive, DYP-L, and DYP-H groups. Except for the control group, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with D-Gal (400 mg/kg) and gavaged with aluminum chloride (200 mg/kg) every day for 50 days. The rats in the DYP group were gavaged with DYP (6.67 and 13.34 g/kg, respectively) from the 15th day, once a day. The rats in the positive group were similarly administrated with piracetam (0.5 g/kg). The rats' bodyweight was recorded from the 16th day. The learning and memory ability of animals was tested by Morris water maze. The levels of MCP-1, NF-L, NSE, and TNF-α in serum were determined by Elisa kit, while the histopathology of duodenum and colon tissues was examined by H & E staining. The diversity of intestinal flora was sequenced and analyzed. In order to reveal the role of intestinal flora in DYP treatment of MD, the intestinal flora composition and the correlation analysis of intestinal flora and the above biochemical indexes were investigated. The intestinal flora function and biological metabolic pathways were predicted and analyzed by the KEGG database. RESULTS The MD animals' learning and spatial memory ability decreased significantly, compared with the normal group, accompanied by weight increase and intestinal flora disorder. DYP can improve the learning and memory ability of MD animals, and its efficacy may exert through the following ways: (i) callback the abnormal biochemical indexes of MCP-1, NF-L, NSE, and TNF-α; (ii) decreasing the relative ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and repairing the pathology of MD animal intestinal mucosa; and (iii) the regulation of DYP on biochemical blood indexes of MD animals was significantly correlated with the regulation of intestinal flora; (iv) DYP rats showed a strong correlation between cognitive ability improvement and bodyweight loss; (v) besides, DYP could also regulate the metabolic pathways of carbohydrate, amino acid, nucleotide, and energy by affecting related biological functions. CONCLUSIONS The results supported that DYP can improve MD animals' learning and memory ability by restoring the intestinal flora disorder and callback the abnormal biochemical indexes in serum, closely related to the "bacteria-gut-brain axis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Ren
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Shouqin Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Shihui Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yangang Cheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
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157
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Liu Y, Zhou H, Fan J, Huang H, Deng J, Tan B. Assessing effects of guar gum viscosity on the growth, intestinal flora, and intestinal health of Micropterus salmoides. Int J Biol Macromol 2022:S0141-8130(22)02159-6. [PMID: 36181882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of different viscous guar gum on the growth, intestinal flora, and intestinal health of Micropterus salmoides. Four practical diets with 42.5 % crude protein and 13.7 % crude lipid were formulated to contain 8 % cellulose and three different viscosities (2500, 5200, and 6000 mPa·s) of guar gum. Dietary guar gum inhibits fish growth and feed utilization, decreases the α-diversity of the intestinal flora, and negatively alters the intestinal flora structure and metabolite composition. High viscous guar gum down-regulated the intestinal tight junction, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic related gene's expression, decreased digesta butyrate/histamine ratio; and increased the abundance of Plesiomonas shigelloides. These results suggest that dietary guar gum adversely affects intestinal health by disrupting intestinal flora structure and metabolite composition, and that viscosity should be considered when using guar gum as a binder in aquafeeds.
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158
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Yao GX, Ma SQ, Zhao F, Fu YJ, Guan SZ. [Improvement effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on the intestinal flora of pregnant rats and their offspring under chronic stress]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2022; 40:649-655. [PMID: 36229208 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210729-00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the improvement effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on the intestinal flora of mother mice during pregnancy and their offspring who experienced chronic stress, and provide new ideas for improving the effect of stress on the intestinal tract. Methods: From July to October 2019, 24 SPF-grade female SD rats were selected and divided into control group, stress group, and stress+LBP group, with 8 rats in each group. A chronic unpredictable mild stimulation model during pregnancy was established (21 days) , and 40 mg/kg LBP solution was administered by gavage on the 8th day of stress. Venous blood from the medial canthus of the female mice was collected on the 1st day before stress and on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days, respectively. Cortisol was measured and corticosterone concentration was calculated. The fresh feces of famale mice after stress and 20-day postnatal offspring mice were collected, and Illumina Miseq sequencing technology, alpha diversity and community composition were used to analyze the diversity and structure of intestinal flora. Results: On the 7th and 14th days of stress, the plasma corticosterone concentration of female mice in the stress group and stress+LBP group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05) . In the Alpha diversity of female mice, the Ace index of the stress group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) . The analysis of intestinal flora structure showed that at the species level, the proportions of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillus in the stress+LBP group were higher than those in the stress group and control group. At the order level, the proportion of Clostridiales in the stress+LBP group was higher than that in the stress group and lower than that in the control group, while the proportion of Lactobacillales was higher than that in the stress group and control group. In the Alpha diversity of the offspring group, the Shannon index, Ace index and Chao index of the stress+LBP offspring group were higher than those of the stress offspring group (P<0.05) . The proportion of Lactobacillus in the stress+LBP offspring group was higher than that in the control offspring group and stress offspring group, and the proportions of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in the stress+LBP offspring group were higher than those in the stress offspring group, the proportion of Bacteroidales in the stress+LBP offspring group was lower than that in the stress offspring group, and the proportion of Clostridiales in the stress+LBP offspring group was higher than that in the stress and control offspring groups. Conclusion: The intervention of LBP may improve the changes in the intestinal flora diversity, abundance and flora structure of mother mice and offspring caused by pregnancy stress, thereby maintaining the balance of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- G X Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - S Q Ma
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - F Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Y J Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - S Z Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
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159
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Guo X, Dong Z, Li Q, Wan D, Zhong J, Dongzhi D, Huang M. Flavonoids from Rhododendron nivale Hook. f delay aging via modulation of gut microbiota and glutathione metabolism. Phytomedicine 2022; 104:154270. [PMID: 35760023 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhododendron nivale Hook. f (R.n), one of the four Manna Stash used in Tibetan medicine to delay aging, possesses anti-aging pharmacological activity. However, which R.n ingredients contain anti-aging properties and the underlying mechanisms involved are unclear. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Based on interactions between gut microbiota and natural medicines and the important role of gut microbiota in anti-aging, the study investigated the hypothesis that R.n possesses anti-aging properties and the interaction of gut microbiota with R.n is responsible for its anti-aging effects. STUDY DESIGN The primary active ingredients of R.n and their target function and pathway enrichment were explored. An aging mouse model was used to clarify the underlying anti-aging mechanisms of R.n. METHODS Chromatography, spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic technology, and pharmacology were used to reveal the major active ingredients of ethanol extract residues of R.n (RNEA). The target function and pathway enrichment of these active ingredients were explored. Plasma metabolomics coupled with intestinal flora evaluation and bioinformatics analysis was used to clarify the underlying anti-aging mechanisms of RNEA. RESULTS Myricetin-3-β-D-xylopyranoside, hyperin, goospetin-8-methyl ether 3-β-D-galactoside, and diplomorphanin B were separated and identified from RNEA. The network pharmacology study revealed that the active ingredients' target function and pathway enrichment focused mainly on the glutathione antioxidant system. In a D-galactose-induced mouse model of aging, RNEA was shown to possess suitable anti-aging pharmacological activity, as indicated by the amelioration of memory loss and weakened superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Plasma metabolomics coupled with intestinal flora examination and bioinformatics analysis revealed that RNEA could regulate the expression of glutathione-related enzymes and ameliorate D-galactose-induced imbalances in methionine, glycine, and serine, and betaine and galactose metabolism. The results showed that RNEA reshaped the disordered intestinal flora and mitigated the D-galactose-mediated decline in glutathione oxidase expression, further confirming that the anti-aging effect of RNEA was closely related to regulation of the glutathione antioxidant system. CONCLUSION RNEA, consisting of myricetin-3-β-D-xylopyranoside, hyperin, goospetin-8-methyl ether 3-β-D-galactoside, and diplomorphanin B, possesses anti-aging activity. The anti-aging effect of RNEA might be due to reshaping intestinal flora homeostasis, increasing the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 in the intestines and liver, enhancing glutathione peroxidase activity, and reinforcing the glutathione antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and Development, Tibetan Medicine Research Center, Tibetan Medicial College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qien Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and Development, Tibetan Medicine Research Center, Tibetan Medicial College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Digao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and Development, Tibetan Medicine Research Center, Tibetan Medicial College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Jiangbin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and Development, Tibetan Medicine Research Center, Tibetan Medicial College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Duojie Dongzhi
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and Development, Tibetan Medicine Research Center, Tibetan Medicial College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Meizhou Huang
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Wang T, Yu R, Zhu L, Wang X, Yang B. Differences in the Intestinal Flora of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Southwest China. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:384-392. [PMID: 35974916 PMCID: PMC9375786 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To study changes in the intestinal flora associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Han population of southwest China, 48 participants were enrolled, 18 of whom had been diagnosed with IBD. Stool samples were collected from the participants. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was used to measure and identify the components of the intestinal flora. Diversity analysis and multivariate statistical analysis were conducted to study differences in intestinal flora between patients with IBD and healthy controls. The goods coverage, observed species, Shannon, and Simpson indices of alpha diversity were different (p < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis yielded significant differences between groups (R = 0.5668, p = 0.001 < 0.05). Compared with the composition of the intestinal flora in healthy controls, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria (18.56% vs. 3.56%, p = 0.001) and Fusobacterium (2.08% vs. 0.35%, p = 0.005) were higher in patients with IBD. Therefore, this study provides insight into the role of the microbiome in IBD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-022-01014-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renlin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuean Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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161
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Wang H, Hu X, Zheng Y, Chen J, Tan B, Shi L, Zhang S. Effects of replacing fish meal with cottonseed protein concentrate on the growth, immune responses, digestive ability and intestinal microbial flora in Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 128:91-100. [PMID: 35921932 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) in place of fishmeal on the growth performance, immune response, digestive ability and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated in this study. L. vannamei (initial body weight: 0.42 ± 0.01g) was fed for 8 weeks by four isonitrogenous and isolipid feeds with CPC replacing fishmeal (FM) at 0% (control), 15% (CPC15), 30% (CPC30) and 45% (CPC45), respectively. At the end of the study, the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of L. vannamei in CPC15 and CPC30 groups were significantly increased, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of L. vannamei in the CPC30 group was significantly reduced when compared with the FM group (P < 0.05). After Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, the cumulative mortality of L. vannamei in CPC15 within 24 hpi was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). When compared with the control group, the activities and expression of the immunity-related enzymes in the hepatopancreas had almost the same obvious change trend in the CPC-containing groups, which indicated that the replacement for fishmeal by CPC led to significant immune response in L. vannamei. Besides, significant up-regulation of the digestive enzyme activities were observed in the CPC-containing groups. Analysis of intestinal microbiota showed that significant difference in alpha diversity existed between the CPC-containing groups and the control group. The relative abundances of several top 10 dominated species at the phylum and genus levels were significantly changed in the CPC-containing groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Functional prediction of the microbiota indicated that the pathway of protein digestion and absorption was significantly more abundant while the pathways of nitrotoluene degradation, aminobenzoate degradation, atrazine degradation, dioxin degradation and xylene degradation were significantly less abundant in the CPC-containing groups than the FM group (P < 0.05). In summary, optimal dietary CPC replacement of FM could improve the growth, immunity, digestive capacity and the diversities of the intestinal microbial flora of L. vannamei. However, parts of the functions of the intestinal microbial flora were decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yudong Zheng
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Shi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China.
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162
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Sun X, Cai Y, Dai W, Jiang W, Tang W. The difference of gut microbiome in different biliary diseases in infant before operation and the changes after operation. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:502. [PMID: 36002814 PMCID: PMC9404627 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence supports an association between cholestatic liver disease and changes in microbiome composition. Nevertheless, the identification of this special type of biliary atresia from non-biliary atresia cholestasis is still a major clinical difficulty. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in the composition of gut microbiome between infants with biliary atresia and infant with non-biliary atrestic cholestasis, to find new ways to identify and diagnose these two diseases early, to understand the influence of the presence or absence of bile on the composition of the gut microbiome in infants with cholestasis. Methods Using 16S rDNA gene sequencing technology to analyze the intestinal flora of the participants. Results In terms of diversity, there is an obvious structural separation in the intestinal microbiota of the BA group and the CD group, and this structural separation also exists in the comparison between the two groups before surgery. Taxonomic analysis demonstrated that the two groups showed an increase in Proteobacteria and Firmicutes before surgery, and the relative abundance of potential pathogens such as Shigella, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, etc. increased, potential probiotics such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus decreased, but the relative abundance of each genus was different between groups. It was found that Enterococcus, Ralstonia, Nitriliruptoraceae, etc. were differentially enriched in the BA group, the CD group are mainly enriched in Veillonella, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Lactobacillus. Functional analysis of the groups showed that the BA group mainly focused on the processes of energy release processes, and the CD group mainly focused on the biosynthesis of amino-acids to consume energy. Conclusions The composition of intestinal flora is different between biliary atresia and non-biliary atretic cholestasis. Enterococcus, Ralstonia, etc. may become biomarkers for the identification and diagnosis of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoyao Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Dai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Weibing Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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163
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Ren Z, Chen S, Lv H, Peng L, Yang W, Chen J, Wu Z, Wan C. Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis SF on enhancing the tumor suppression of irinotecan by regulating the intestinal flora. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106406. [PMID: 35987480 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a role in tumor therapy by participating in immune regulation. Here, we demonstrated through 8-day probiotic supplementation experiments and fecal microbiota transplantation experiments that Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis SF enhanced the antitumor effect of irinotecan and prevented the occurrence of intestinal damage by modulating the gut microbiota and reducing the relative abundance of pro-inflammatory microbiota. Therefore, the intestinal inflammation was inhibited, the TGF-β leakage was reduced, and the PI3K/AKT pathway activation was inhibited. Thus, the tumor apoptotic autophagy was finally promoted. Simultaneously, the reduction of TGF-β relieved the immunosuppression caused by CPT-11, promoted the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor tissue, and consequently inhibited tumor growth and invasion. This study disclosed the mechanism of B. lactis SF assisting CPT-11 in antitumor activity and suggested that B. lactis SF plays a new role in anticancer effects as a nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Shufang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Huihui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Lingling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Wanyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China.
| | - Cuixiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China.
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Zhang W, Tan B, Deng J, Yang Q, Chi S, Pang A, Xin Y, Liu Y, Zhang H. Soybean protein concentrate causes enteritis in juvenile pearl gentian groupers ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Anim Nutr 2022; 12:171-185. [PMID: 36712400 PMCID: PMC9860111 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to diminishing fish meal (FM) supplies, superb protein (PRO) sources are needed for aquaculture, such as soy-based PRO. However, these can cause enteritis and even intestinal injury in fish when used at high proportions in feed. This research examines the effects of substituting soybean protein concentrate (SPC) for FM on the growth performance and intestinal balance of pearl gentian groupers and investigates the mechanism of SPC-induced enteritis. Experimental fish (n = 720) were fed 1 of 3 following diets: (1) a 50% FM diet (control), (2) a diet with 20% of the FM substituted with SPC (group SPC20), and (3) a 40% SPC-substituted diet (SPC40). Fish were fed for 10 wk iso-nitrogenous (50% PRO) and iso-lipidic (10% lipid) diets. Groups SPC20 and SPC40 showed significantly lower developmental performance and intestinal structures than control. Group SPC40 had significantly higher expressions of pro-inflammatory-related genes, such as interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL12, IL17 and tumor necrosis factor α and significantly lower expressions of anti-inflammatory-related genes, such as IL5, IL10 and transforming growth factor β1. Biochemical and 16S high-throughput sequencing showed that the abundance and functions of intestinal flora in group SPC40 were significantly affected (P < 0.05), and there were significant correlations between operational taxonomic unit abundance variations and inflammatory gene expressions at genus level (P < 0.05). The second- and third-generation full-length transcriptome sequence was used to analyze the mechanism of SPC-induced enteritis in pearl gentian groupers, which showed that enteritis induced by SPC may be caused by disturbances to intestinal immune function induced by an imbalance in intestinal nutrition and metabolism, such as the intestinal immunity network for IgA production pathway. However, it remains unclear as to which intestinal immune or nutritional imbalance is most important in enteritis development. This study provides a basis for further research into soy PRO-related enteritis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Junming Deng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Aobo Pang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
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Huang Q, Zhu Y, Yu J, Fang L, Li Y, Wang M, Liu J, Yan P, Xia J, Liu G, Yang X, Zeng J, Guo L, Ruan G. Effects of sulfated β-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, antioxidant ability, nonspecific immunity, and intestinal flora of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 127:891-900. [PMID: 35810965 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the combined effects of sulfated β-Glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (sGSC) on growth performance, antioxidant ability, nonspecific immunity, and intestinal flora of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Four experimental diets (sGSC25, sGSC50, sGSC100 and sGSC200) with different levels of sGSC (0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% in diet, respectively) were fed to juvenile crayfish (average weight: 2.5 ± 0.5 g) for 8 weeks. The control diet was given with 2000 mg/kg GSC (GSC200 group). The based control diet was given without sGSC or GSC (blank group). Each group had 3 parallel test pools, 20 crayfish were reared in each pool. At the end of the growth trial, adding dietary 0.025%-0.1% sGSC could significantly improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity of crayfish. Compared with GSC, sGSC had a better effect at lower concentration. Higher concentration of sGSC (>0.1%) would cause some side effects. sGSC also could improve the structure of the intestinal flora and optimize the function of the flora. sGSC would increase the abundances of probiotics such as Hafnia and Acinetobacter, and decreases the abundances of maleficent bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae. Higher concentration of sGSC (>0.1%) would increase the abundance of Aeromonas. To conclude, 0.025%-0.1% sGSC can be used as a supplement in crayfish feed to increase growth, immunity, and antioxidant capacity and improve the structure of intestinal flora. These results provided a theoretical basis for the application of sGSC instead of GSC in crayfish breeding. It will be necessary to further study the optimal concentration of sGSC in feed additives in different growth stages of crayfish in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yiling Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Liu Fang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yana Li
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Pupu Yan
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Jinjin Xia
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Guoping Liu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
| | - Guoliang Ruan
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
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Zhou W, Zheng Y, Shang J, Wang H, Wang Y, Lu H, Wang X, Sui M. Intestinal microecology in mice bearing diethylnitrosamine-induced primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:438-453. [PMID: 37202098 PMCID: PMC10265007 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics of intestinal microecology in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model mice. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice aged 2 weeks were divided into normal control group and HCC model group. Mice in HCC model group were exposed to a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) 2 weeks after birth; the surviving mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP), once every 2 weeks for 8 times starting from the 4 th week after birth. Mice in each group were randomly selected and sacrificed at 10 th, 18 th and 32 nd weeks after birth, respectively, the liver tissue samples were obtained for histopathological examination. At the 32 nd week, all mice in both groups were sacrificed and the feces samples were collected under sterile conditions right before the sacrifice. The feces samples were sequenced for the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, and the species abundance, flora diversity and phenotype, as well as flora correlation and functional prediction were analyzed. RESULTS Alpha diversity analysis showed that all Good's coverage reached the maximum value of 1.00, and the differences in the Observed features, Chao1 index, Shannon index and Simpson index of the intestinal flora of mice between normal control group and HCC model group were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). Beta diversity analysis showed that PCoA based on weighted or unweighted Unifrac distances all yielded R>0, confirming that the intra-group differences of the samples were less than the inter-group differences; the trend of separation between the two groups was significant ( P<0.05). Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Patescibacteria were the dominant taxa at the phylum level in both normal control group and HCC model group. However, compared with normal control group, the abundance of Bacteroidetes in HCC model group was significantly decreased ( P<0.01), while the abundance of Patescibacteria was significantly increased ( P<0.05). Moreover, the dominant taxa at the genus level in normal control group mainly included Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Paramuribaculum, Muribaculum, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A 136 group, Olsenella. The dominant taxa at the genus level in HCC model group mainly included Akkermansia, Dubosiella, Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A 136 group, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002. There were 30 genera with statistically significant differences in relative abundance at the genus level between the two groups (all P<0.05). LEfSe analysis of the intestinal flora of mice in the two groups revealed a total of 14 multi-level differential taxa (all P<0.05, LDA score>4.0), which were mainly enriched in Bacteroidetes. The enrichment of 10 differential taxa including Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidia, Bacteroidales, Muribaculaceae, etc. were found in normal control group, and the enrichment of 4 differential taxa including Dubosiella, Peptostreptococus, etc. were found in HCC model group. There were both positive and negative correlations between the dominant intestinal genera in normal control group (|rho|>0.5, P<0.05), while the correlations of the dominant intestinal genera in HCC model group, being less complex than that in normal control group, were all positive. The relative abundance of gram positive and mobile element containing in the intestinal flora of mice in HCC model group was significantly up-regulated compared with normal control group (both P<0.05), while that of gram negative ( P<0.05) and pathogenic potential ( P<0.05) was significantly down-regulated. The metabolic pathways of the intestinal flora in the two groups were significantly different. For instance, 18 metabolic pathways were enriched in normal control group (all P<0.005), including those related to energy metabolism, cell division, nucleotide metabolism, etc., while 12 metabolic pathways were enriched in HCC model group (all P<0.005), including those related to energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, etc. Conclusions: The amount of intestinal flora in DEN-induced primary HCC model mice decreased, and the composition, correlation, phenotype and function of the intestinal flora in mice were significantly altered. Bacteroidetes at the phylum level, as well as several microbial taxa at the genus level such as Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Muribaculum, Peptostreptococus and Dubosiella could be closely associated with DEN-induced primary HCC in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhou
- 1. Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- 2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- 3. Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- 4. Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia Shang
- 2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- 3. Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- 4. Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- 2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- 3. Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- 4. Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yisha Wang
- 2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- 3. Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- 4. Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Lu
- 2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- 3. Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- 4. Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- 5. Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Meihua Sui
- 2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- 3. Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- 4. Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Liu Y, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Fan J, Zhou H, Huang H, Jiang W, Zhang W, Deng J, Tan B. Intestinal flora and immunity response to different viscous diets in juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 127:1012-1023. [PMID: 35863540 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An 8-weeks feeding trial was conducted to estimate the effects of different viscous cellulose on the intestinal flora and health in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Four isoproteic and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated (crude protein 42.50%, crude lipid 13.70%) to contain 8% cellulose (control group; 5.14 mPa s), 8% low viscous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with 800 mPa s (Lvs-CMC group; 182.15 mPa s), 8% middle viscous CMC with 2000 mPa s (Mvs-CMC group; 320.48 mPa s) and 8% high viscous CMC with 5000 mPa s (Hvs-CMC group; 440.65 mPa s), respectively. The weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, protein and lipid deposition rate in the CMC groups were dramatically lower than those in the control group, while feed conversion rate showed an opposite result. Plasma diamine oxidase activity, endothelin-1 and lipopolysaccharide concentrations in the Mvs-CMC and Hvs-CMC groups were significantly higher than in the control group, accompanied by a significant down-regulation of Occludin, Caludin-1 and Caludin-4. Intestinal glutathione concentration, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the CMC groups were significantly lower than in the control group, accompanied by a significant up-regulation of Keap1 and down-regulation of Nrf2. Moreover, CMC diets dramatically down-regulated the expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1. Digesta total short chain fatty acid and acetate concentrations in the CMC groups were dramatically higher than in the control group, while butyrate concentration showed an opposite result. The OTU, Sobs, Shannon and Simpson indices of intestinal flora in the CMC groups were dramatically lower than in the control group. Notably, structural analysis showed that dietary CMC dramatically increased the abundance of C. somerae and P. shigelloides, but reduced the abundance of C. colicanis and C. perfringens. In summary, increasing dietary viscosity adversely affects the intestinal flora structure and diversity, increases acetate/butyrate-producing bacterial ratio and the abundance of pathogenic microorganisms, disrupting intestinal flora homeostasis, impairs mucosa barrier function, induces intestinal inflammation and epithelial cell apoptosis in juvenile largemouth bass. Our findings demonstrate that soluble cellulose is more detrimental to intestinal health and growth in juvenile largemouth bass compared to insoluble cellulose, and the adverse effects of soluble cellulose are mainly caused by its viscosity. Importantly, this study demonstrate that viscosity is the main characteristic of non-starch polysaccharides that are detrimental to the intestinal health of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yixiong Cao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jiongting Fan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Huajing Huang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Junming Deng
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Zhang X, Liu W, Zhang S, Wang J, Yang X, Wang R, Yan T, Wu B, Du Y, Jia Y. Wei-Tong-Xin ameliorates functional dyspepsia via inactivating TLR4/MyD88 by regulating gut microbial structure and metabolites. Phytomedicine 2022; 102:154180. [PMID: 35613516 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wei-Tong-Xin (WTX) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been screened and improved in accordance with the famous ancient Chinese formula "Wan Ying Yuan". It has been shown to be clinically effective in treating gastric dysmotility, but its underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. PURPOSE This study primarily dealt with the effects and mechanisms of WTX on functional dyspepsia (FD) induced by chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (CIS). METHODS Firstly, the UPLC fingerprint and multi-component determination of WTX were established. In vivo, gastrointestinal motility of mice was detected by charcoal propulsion test. Besides, H&E, western blot and qRT-PCR were performed to evaluate the occurrence of gastric antral inflammation. ROS-DHE staining was used to detect ROS levels. Further, the gut microbiota were subjected to sequencing by 16S rRNA, and the levels of bacterial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were detected by GC-MS and Limulus kits, respectively. The levels of GLP-1 in gastric antrum were assessed by ELISA kits. Finally, siRNA-FFAR2 experiment was performed in Raw 264.7 cells. RESULTS 23 common peaks were obtained from the UPLC fingerprint, and the content of 10 target components was determined. WTX increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and decreased the number of Verrucomicrobia, accompanied by changes in the levels of SCFAs and LPS. By mediating the expression changes of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), WTX inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), JNK and P38, decreased the levels of IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and ROS, increased the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), IL-4 and arginase-1 (Arg-1). Decreased expressions of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) induced by WTX promoted gastric motility in FD mice. In vitro, siRNA-FFAR2 of Raw 264.7 cells eliminated the effects of WTX on TLR4 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the chemical profile of WTX was first reported. Based on remodeling the gut microbiota structure and adjusting the levels of metabolites (SCFAs and LPS), WTX inactivated the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway to inhibit the occurrence of gastric antral inflammation, which reversed the inhibitory effect of GLP-1 on gastric motility, and improved CIS-induced FD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuanglin Zhang
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xihan Yang
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tingxu Yan
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yiyang Du
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Ying Jia
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Liu Z, Dong WT, Wei WF, Huo JH, Wang WM. Exploring the mechanism of Qinbaiqingfei-concentrate pills in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia from the perspective of intestinal microbiota and mucosal immunity. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 293:115308. [PMID: 35460847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine categorizes Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia as "lung heat", and treatment with heat clear and detoxify. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the lungs and intestines come from the same source, and the intestine is related to pneumonia. This is the same as the gut-lung axis theory. Qinbaiqingfei concentrate pills (QBs) were modified based on Cough San in the ancient medical book Medical Awareness. It clears lung heat, moisturizes the lungs and dredges collaterals, and has a good ability to treat Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AIM OF THE STUDY A rat model of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was established. From the aspect of intestinal flora and mucosal immunity, the potential mechanism of the QBs was researched. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the content of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in lung tissue and the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α and INF-γ were detected. To determine the expression of NF-kB related proteins in lung tissue, which can understand the ability in treating disease. Next, metagenomic sequencing was performed to detect changes in short-chain fatty acids, proving the ability of the drug to regulate intestinal microecology. Finally, HDAC, LPS, SIgA, etc. were detected to facilitate the correlation of the overall experimental indicators. RESULTS QBs reduces the levels of IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α and INF-γ in the serum by inhibiting the expression of MyD88, IKKα, IκBα, and NF-κB p65 in lung tissue. In addition, QBs restores the ratio of gram-negative bacteria to gram-positive bacteria in the intestine, restores the secretion of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid, and promotes the secretion of NF-κB p65 and SIgA by HDAC1/3. The result is that the lung tissue is repaired and the proliferation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is inhibited. CONCLUSIONS From the "gut-lung axis", a new research perspective was discovered. QBs intervened in the intestines and lungs to treat Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, 15000, PR China
| | - Wen-Ting Dong
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, 15000, PR China
| | - Wen-Feng Wei
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, 15000, PR China
| | - Jin-Hai Huo
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, 15000, PR China.
| | - Wei-Ming Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, 15000, PR China.
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Wen Y, Feng S, Dai H, Mao M, Zhou Z, Li B, Wang C, Cai X, Li S, Yang J, Ren Q, Sun J. Intestinal dysbacteriosis-propelled T helper 17 cells activation mediate the perioperative neurocognitive disorder induced by anesthesia/surgery in aged rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 783:136741. [PMID: 35716962 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is a common postoperative disease in elderly patients, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. METHODS Exploratory laparotomy was performed to establish PND model under sevoflurane anesthesia. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to detect the changes of intestinal flora. Antibiotics were used to relatively eliminate intestinal flora before anesthesia/surgery, and behavior tests, such as open field, Y maze, and fear conditioning tests were applied to detect the changes of memory ability. The number of Th17 cells and Foxp3 cells was detected by flow cytometry in the Peyer's patches (PP), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), blood and brain. Western blot was used to detect the expression of IL17, IL17RA, IL6 and IL10 in the hippocampus. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of IL17, IL17R and IBA1 (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule1) in the hippocampus. RESULTS Anesthesia/surgery caused intestinal flora imbalance and induced neurocognitive impairment, increased the number of Th17 cells in the PP, MLN, blood and brain, increased the level of IL17, IL17R and inflammatory factors production in the hippocampus. Antibiotics administration before anesthesia/surgery significantly decreased the number of Th17 cells and the level of IL17, IL17R and inflammatory factors production, and improved the memory function. In addition, we found that IL17R was co-labeled with IBA1 in a large amount in the hippocampus through immunofluorescence double-staining. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that intestinal dysbacteriosis-propelled T helper 17 cells activation and IL17 secretion might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PND induced by anesthesia/surgery in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Shanwu Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Meng Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Zhenhui Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Chaoran Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Xuechun Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Shuming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Quan Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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He L, Yang FQ, Tang P, Gao TH, Yang CX, Tan L, Yue P, Hua YN, Liu SJ, Guo JL. Regulation of the intestinal flora: A potential mechanism of natural medicines in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113091. [PMID: 35576662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of heterogeneous disorders, which are usually subdivided into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the onset of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes primarily involves autoimmune insulin deficiency. In comparison, type 2 diabetes is contributed by the pathological state of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. In recent years, significant differences were found in the abundance of microflora, intestinal barrier, and intestinal metabolites in diabetic subjects when compared to normal subjects. To further understand the relationship between diabetes mellitus and intestinal flora, this paper summarizes the interaction mechanism between diabetes mellitus and intestinal flora. Furthermore, the natural compounds found to treat diabetes through intestinal flora were classified and summarized. This review is expected to provide a valuable resource for the development of new diabetic drugs and the applications of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying He
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Fang-Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Pan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Ting-Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Cai-Xia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Li Tan
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Pan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Hua
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Si-Jing Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jin-Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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172
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Liu Q, Zhang X, Li Z, Chen Y, Yin Y, Lu Z, Ouyang M, Chen L. Maternal diets have effects on intestinal mucosal flora and susceptibility to colitis of offspring mice during early life. Nutrition 2022; 99-100:111672. [PMID: 35594632 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intestinal flora is considered closely related to the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to discover whether diverse diet conditions during early life lead to different intestinal flora structure and impact different susceptibility to IBD. METHODS We performed a randomized, controlled trial to investigate the relationship between maternal diet, intestinal flora, and susceptibility of IBD in offspring mice. We treated the maternal mice with different dietary conditions (maternal high fat, high protein, or normal diet, and offspring continued maternal diets or changed to normal diet), and then extracted bacterial meta-genomic DNA from the intestinal mucosa of the offspring during the early life and adult stages. We amplified and sequenced the conserved gene v3-v4 of the bacterial 16 S ribosomal RNA. After dextran sulphate sodium intervention, we evaluated the susceptibility to intestinal inflammation with hematoxylin and eosin stains and disease activity index scores. RESULTS The number of species and alpha diversity of weaning mice (3 wk old) fed a maternal high-protein diet were significantly lower than those of the control diet group (P < 0.05). Among adult (8 wk old) offspring rats, the alpha diversity of mice that continued on a high-protein diet remained significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, 12 kinds of weak bacteria were found in weaning mice fed a maternal high-protein diet compared with the control group. Offspring that continued in the maternal high-protein group had increased disease activity index and pathologic scores after weaning. CONCLUSIONS In general, our study shows that a maternal high-protein diet during early life can negatively regulate the intestinal flora diversity of offspring mice. A high-protein diet during early life led to higher susceptibility of IBD in offspring rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yani Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Fourth Department of the Digestive Disease Center, Suining Central Hospital, People's Republic of China.
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Xu B, Zheng J, Tian X, Yuan F, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Yang Z, Ding X. Protective mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine guizhi fuling pills against carbon tetrachloride-induced kidney damage is through inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and regulating the intestinal flora. Phytomedicine 2022; 101:154129. [PMID: 35490491 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical or drug-induced kidney damage has been recognized as a critical cause of kidney failure. The oxidative stress, inflammation, and imbalance of intestinal flora caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) play a fundamental role in chronic kidney damage. Guizhi Fuling pills (GZFL) is a traditional formula consisting of five traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, which can promote blood circulation and improve kidney function. The underlying mechanisms of GZFL improving kidney damage are not fully understood yet. AIM The current study aimed to explore the effects of GZFL on CCl4-induced kidney damage and intestinal microbiota in mice. METHODS Male ICR mice were intraperitoneally administered with 20% CCl4 (mixed in a ratio of 1:4 in soybean oil) twice a week, for 4 weeks to induce kidney damage. Creatinine (CRE), urea nitrogen, antioxidant enzymes, and inflammatory cytokines were measured and the histology of the kidney, jejunum, and colon examination to assess kidney and intestinal damage. The expressions of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) family members, nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in kidney tissues, and the tight junction proteins in colonic tissues were detected by Western blot. The gut microbiota was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS GZFL treatment decreased the serum CRE and urea nitrogen levels. Moreover, GZFL reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in kidney and colonic tissues. GZFL improved the kidney, jejunum, and colon histology. Furthermore, GZFL inhibited the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved-Caspase-1, while Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GCLM, and tight junction proteins were increased. The dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota improved after GZFL treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that GZFL could improve kidney damage, which might be mainly via the integrated regulations of the Nrf2 pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome, and composition of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogui Xu
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tian
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Falei Yuan
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Yafeng Zhou
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zuisu Yang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Xianjun Ding
- Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhoushan 316000, China.
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Ma L, Zhao X, Liu T, Wang Y, Wang J, Kong L, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Chen L, Zhang H. Xuanfei Baidu decoction attenuates intestinal disorders by modulating NF-κB pathway, regulating T cell immunity and improving intestinal flora. Phytomedicine 2022; 101:154100. [PMID: 35489324 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies have shown that gastrointestinal manifestations co-exist with respiratory symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Xuanfei Baidu decoction (XFBD) was recommended by the National Health Commission to treat mild and moderate COVID-19 patients and proved to effectively alleviate intestinal symptoms. However, the exact mechanisms remain elusive. PURPOSE This study aimed at exploring potential mechanisms of XFBD by utilizing a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute experimental colitis, mimicking the disease conditions of intestinal microecological disorders. METHODS The network pharmacology approach was employed to identify the potential targets and pathways of XFBD on the intestinal disorders. Mice with DSS-induced intestinal disorders were utilized to evaluate the protective effect of XFBD in vivo, including body weight, disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length, spleen weight, and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level. Colon tissues were used to perform hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, western blot analysis, and transcriptome sequencing. Macrophages, neutrophils and the proportions of T helper cell (Th) 1 and Th2 cells were measured by flow cytometry. Intestinal contents were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis indicated that XFBD inhibited the progression of COVID-19-related intestinal diseases by repressing inflammation. In mice with DSS-induced intestinal inflammation, XFBD treatment significantly reduced weight loss, the spleen index, the disease activity index, TNF-α levels, and colonic tissue damage, and prevented colon shortening. Transcriptomics and flow cytometry results suggested that XFBD remodeled intestinal immunity by downregulating the Th1/Th2 ratio. Western blot analysis showed that XFBD exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Indicator analysis of microbiota showed that 75 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were affected after XFBD administration. Among them, Akkermansia, Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Enterorhabdus were simultaneously negatively correlated with intestinal disorders' parameters, and Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, Eubacterium nodatum,Turicibacter, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1, showed positive correlations with intestinal disorders' parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that XFBD treatment attenuated intestinal disorders associated with inhibiting inflammation, remodeling of intestinal immunity, and improving intestinal flora. These findings provide a scientific basis for the clinical use of XFBD and offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with intestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Jiabao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Lu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Qianru Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yuru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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Shi DW, Wang DM, Ning LH, Li J, Dong Y, Zhang ZK, Dou HW, Wan RJ, Jia CM, Xin DL. Using 16S rDNA Sequencing Technology to Preliminarily Analyze Intestinal Flora in Children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia. Biomed Environ Sci 2022; 35:528-537. [PMID: 35882412 DOI: 10.3967/bes2022.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated changes in the intestinal flora of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). METHODS Between September 2019 and November 2019, stool samples from 14 children with MPP from The Fourth Hospital of Baotou city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, were collected and divided into general treatment (AF) and probiotic (AFY) groups, according to the treatment of "combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus cereus tablets live". High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify intestinal flora. RESULTS Intestinal flora abundance and diversity in children with MPP were decreased. Both Shannon and Simpson indices were lower in the AF group when compared with healthy controls ( P < 0.05). When compared with healthy controls, the proportion of Enterorhabdus was lower in the AF group, while the proportion of Lachnoclostridium was higher ( P < 0.05). The proportion of Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia was lower in the AFY group but Enterococcus, Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, and Erysipelatoclostridium proportions were higher. The proportion of Escherichia coli- Shigella in the AFY group after treatment was decreased ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The intestinal flora of children with MPP is disturbed, manifested as decreased abundance and diversity, and decreased Bifidobacteria. Our probiotic mixture partly improved intestinal flora disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wei Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dong Mei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Baotou Fourth Hospital (Baotou Children's Hospital), Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li Hua Ning
- Department of Pediatrics, Baotou Fourth Hospital (Baotou Children's Hospital), Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Chang Ping Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Chang Ping Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Zhi Kun Zhang
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hai Wei Dou
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui Jie Wan
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chun Mei Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Baotou Fourth Hospital (Baotou Children's Hospital), Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - De Li Xin
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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Qiu H, Gao H, Yu F, Xiao B, Li X, Cai B, Ge L, Lu Y, Wan Z, Wang Y, Xia T, Wang A, Zhang S. Perinatal exposure to low-level PBDE-47 programs gut microbiota, host metabolism and neurobehavior in adult rats: An integrated analysis. Sci Total Environ 2022; 825:154150. [PMID: 35218822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a major class of flame retardants, have been extensively applied in plastics, electrical equipment, textile fabrics, and so on. Early-life exposure to PBDEs is correlated to neurobehavioral deficits in adulthood, yet the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis and serum metabolites alterations play a role in behavioral abnormalities. However, whether their perturbation is implicated in PBDEs-induced neurotoxicity remains unclear. Here, we sought to explore the effects of developmental exposure to environmentally relevant levels of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47), a major congener in human samples, on gut microbiota and serum metabolic profile as well as their link to neurobehavioral parameters in adult rats. The open field test showed that gestational and lactational exposure to PBDE-47 caused hyperactivity and anxiety-like behavior. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples identified a distinct community composition in gut microbiota following PBDE-47 exposure, manifested as decreased genera Ruminococcaceae and Moraxella, increased families Streptococcaceae and Deferribacteraceae as well as genera Escherichia-Shigella, Pseudomonas and Peptococcus. Additionally, the metabolomics of the blood samples based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed a significant shift after PBDE-47 treatment. Notably, these differential serum metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid, carbohydrate, nucleotide, xenobiotics, and lipid metabolisms, which were further validated by pathway analysis. Importantly, the disturbed gut microbiota and the altered serum metabolites were associated with each other and with neurobehavioral disorders, respectively. Collectively, these results suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis and serum metabolites alterations potentially mediated early-life low-dose PBDE-47 exposure-induced neurobehavioral impairments, which provides a novel perspective on understanding the mechanisms of PBDE-47 neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Qiu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangjin Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Boya Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Ge
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinting Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengyi Wan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Zhou J, Wang L, Yang L, Yang G, Zeng X, Qiao S. Different dietary starch patterns in low-protein diets: effect on nitrogen efficiency, nutrient metabolism, and intestinal flora in growing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:78. [PMID: 35659366 PMCID: PMC9167541 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protein releases amino acids faster than starch releases glucose in digestive tract of pigs fed low-protein (LP) diets. Poor synchronization of dietary glucose and amino acids supply leads to compromised nitrogen efficiency. Dietary starch patterns modulation may improve this situation. Methods Growing barrows (29.7 ± 2.0 kg) were randomly allotted into 5 dietary treatments with LP diets consisting of different purified starches. Treatments included: waxy corn starch (W LP), corn starch + waxy corn starch (C + W LP), corn starch (C LP), pea starch + waxy corn starch (P + W LP) and pea starch (P LP). In the experiment, growth performance, protein deposition, nutrient metabolism, and fecal microbial community of pigs were investigated. In vitro starch digestion was used for predicting the in vivo glucose response. Results Dietary starch in vitro glucose release profile was determined by starch source and the ratio of amylopectin and amylose. C + W LP treatment showed decreased total nitrogen excretion and plasma citrulline concentration and improved plasma leptin concentration among treatments (P < 0.05). Besides, the highest nitrogen apparent biological value, whole-body protein deposition and growth performance and lowest urinary nitrogen excretion were also observed in C + W LP treatment. Compared with the other groups, C + W LP and C LP showed increased plasma pyruvate, IGF-1, and lipase concentrations (P < 0.05). The W LP group presented dramatically increased plasma alanine and urea nitrogen concentration and decreased aldolase and leptin concentrations (P < 0.05). Dietary starch patterns did not make an impact on bacterial richness and diversity, but changed the taxonomic and functional structures of the microbial communities. Microbial protein fermentation product (isobutyrate and isovalerate) presented increased in P LP treatments compared with the other treatments (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary starch patterns modulation can regulate dietary glucose release profile, nutrient metabolism, protein turnover, and fecal microbial fermentation in pigs. The optimal dietary glucose release profile effectively strengthened whole-body protein deposition and improve nitrogen efficiency and growth performance in growing pigs fed LP diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Zhan M, Xi C, Gong J, Zhu M, Shui Y, Xu Z, Xu G, Shen H. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis reveals an imbalance in the intestinal flora of Eriocheir sinensis with hepatopancreatic necrosis disease. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2022; 42:100988. [PMID: 35468457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatopancreas necrosis disease (HPND) is a highly fatal disease that first appeared in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2015, and later spread to many other provinces, which had a severe impact on the culture of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Here, changes in the intestinal flora of healthy and HPND-affected Chinese mitten crabs were compared via 16S rRNA sequencing. Our findings indicated that Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria were the three dominant phyla in both healthy and HPND-affected crabs and exhibited no significant differences in α-diversity (richness p = 0.0892; evenness and diversity p = 0.0630). Furthermore, there were no significant changes in the abundance of Proteobacteria between the experimental groups. However, the abundance of Bacteroidota in the HPND group was significantly higher than that of the control group (HPND: 30.12%, Control: 16.60%), whereas the abundance of Firmicutes was significantly lower (HPND: 29.90%, Control: 50.55%). At the genus level, the abundance of Candidatus Bacilloplasma, Desulfovibrio, Bacteroides, and Aeromonas also differed significantly between groups (P < 0.05). Collectively, our study confirms an imbalance in the gut microbiota of Chinese mitten crabs with HPND and we speculate that this alteration may affect the metabolism and immune function of these organisms. Furthermore, we suspect that the structural changes in the intestinal flora of sick crabs observed in our study may be related to HPND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Changjun Xi
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jie Gong
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Mengru Zhu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yan Shui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zenghong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Huaishun Shen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Shao YS, Xie M, Lu R. Efficacy of cilansetron combined with pivirium bromide in treatment of elderly patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:458-464. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i10.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piveronium bromide and other symptomatic treatments are mainly used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which can block the volt-dependent calcium channel of gastrointestinal smooth muscle to promote the recovery of normal intestinal motility and control the symptoms of IBS. At present, there are few reports on the efficacy of piveronium bromide combined with cilansetron in the treatment of IBS.
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of cilansetron combined with pivirium bromide in the treatment of elderly patients with IBS.
METHODS From June 2017 to June 2019, 126 elderly IBS patients treated at our hospital were selected and randomly randomized into three groups with 42 cases each. Group A was given pinaverium bromide, group B was given cilansetron, and the combination group was given pinaverium bromide + cilansetron. The efficacy and adverse reactions of the three groups were recorded. Gastrointestinal symptoms, intestinal flora, and intestinal barrier function [D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase (DAO), and endotoxin], and gastrointestinal hormone indicators [5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT), cholecystokinin (CCK), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)] were compared before and after treatment.
RESULTS The total effective rate of the combined group was 95.24%, which was higher than those of group A (69.05%) and group B (73.81%) (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting in the combined group were lower than those of groups A and B (P < 0.05). The number of enterococci in the combined group and group B was lower than that before treatment, and the number of bacteroides, lactobacillus, and bifidobacterium was higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05). The levels of D-lactic acid, DAO, and endotoxin in the combined group were lower than those in groups A and B (P < 0.05). The serum levels of 5-HT, CCK, and VIP in the combined group were lower than those of group A and group B (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the three groups was not significantly different (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION Both cilansetron and pinaverium bromide can regulate the intestinal flora in elderly patients with IBS; however, cilansetron plus pinaverium bromide in the treatment of elderly IBS patients can further improve the efficacy, reduce gastrointestinal symptoms, repair damaged intestinal barrier function, and decrease gastrointestinal hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shun Shao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hospital, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hospital, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hospital, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
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Lu X, Wang Y, Luo Y, Yu B. Influence of different regimens of volumetric therapy on perioperative intestinal flora in the surgical patients with pancreas tumor, a randomized controlled trial study. BMC Anesthesiol 2022; 22:162. [PMID: 35614395 PMCID: PMC9131722 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is not clear whether the perioperative intestinal microenvironment of patients undergoing pancreatic tumor surgery is affected by intraoperative fluid therapy. Method Fifty-eight patients who underwent a confined excision of pancreas mass at this center were enrolled. The patients were grouped according to the random number table in these two groups: the liberal fluid infusion (LFI) group and the goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) group. Perioperative anesthesia management was carried out by the same team of anesthesiologists according to a preset anesthetic protocol. Fecal samples were collected twice: within 2 days before the surgery and at 6 to 8 days postoperatively. The collected fecal samples were sequenced through microbial diversity high-throughput 16 s-rDNA; and the differential changes of intestinal flora were analyzed. Results Main components of flora in the sample were significantly different between LFI and GDFT groups. As shown by the difference in species, in GDFT group, more constituent bacteria participated in the metabolism inside human body and the restoration of coagulation function, including: prevotella, roseburia, lachnospiracea, dialister and clostridium (P < 0.05); in LFI group, more constituent bacteria were opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, including: enterococcus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and acinetobacter baumannii (P < 0.05). Conclusion For surgical patients with pancreas tumor, there are significant differences of intestinal flora in diversity between GDFT and LFI. GDFT seems to play a more important role in protection and restoration of intestinal flora. Clinical trial registration ChiCTR2000035187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Buwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Abstract
Stroke is a type of cerebrovascular disease that significantly endangers human health and lowers quality of life. This understandably places a heavy burden on society and families. In recent years, intestinal flora has attracted increasing attention from scholars worldwide, and its association with ischemic stroke is becoming a hot topic of research amongst researchers in field of stroke. After suffering from a stroke, intestinal microbial dysbiosis leads to increased intestinal permeability and activation of the intestinal immune system, which in turn leads to ectopic intestinal bacteria and pro-inflammatory cells that enter brain tissue through the damaged blood-brain barrier. This exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion injury. Interestingly, after a stroke, some metabolites produced by the intestinal flora attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing the post-stroke inflammatory response and promotes the repair of neurological function. Here we elucidate the changes in gut flora after occurrence of a stroke and highlight the immunomodulatory processes of the post-stroke gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Hu
- Department of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China.,Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yunqing Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yimin Luo
- Department of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China.
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182
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基于高通量测序技术分析食物蛋白诱导性直肠结肠炎患儿肠道菌群特征. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 24. [PMID: 35644194 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2111071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the features of intestinal flora in children with food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIP) by high-throughput sequencing. METHODS A total of 31 children, aged <6 months, who experienced FPIP after exclusive breastfeeding and attended the outpatient service of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from October 2018 to February 2021 were enrolled as the FPIP group. Thirty-one healthy infants were enrolled as the control group. Fecal samples were collected to extract DNA for PCR amplification. High-throughput sequencing was used to perform a bioinformatics analysis of 16S rDNA V3-V4 fragments in fecal samples. RESULTS The diversity analysis of intestinal flora showed that compared with the control group, the FPIP group had a lower Shannon index for diversity (P>0.05) and a significantly higher Chao index for abundance (P<0.01). At the phylum level, the intestinal flora in both groups were composed of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Compared with the control group, the FPIP group had a significant reduction in the composition ratio of Actinobacteria (P<0.001) and a significant increase in the composition ratio of Proteobacteria (P<0.05). At the genus level, the intestinal flora in the FPIP group were mainly composed of Escherichia, Clostridium, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, and Bifidobacterium, and the intestinal flora in the control group were mainly composed of Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus. Compared with the control group, the FPIP group had a significant reduction in the composition ratio of Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus (P<0.05) and significant increases in the composition ratios of Clostridium and Shigella (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the control group, the FPIP group has a reduction in the diversity of intestinal flora and an increase in their abundance, and there are certain differences in several bacterial genera. These results suggest that changes in the composition of intestinal flora at genus level may play an important role in the development and progression of FPIP.
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183
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儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病化疗前后肠道菌群变化特点. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 24. [PMID: 35644196 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2110045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the changes of intestinal flora in children newly diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the influence of chemotherapy on intestinal flora. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from 40 children newly diagnosed with ALL before chemotherapy and at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after chemotherapy. Ten healthy children served as the control group. 16S rDNA sequencing and analysis were performed to compare the differences in intestinal flora between the ALL and control groups and children with ALL before and after chemotherapy. RESULTS The ALL group had a significant reduction in the abundance of intestinal flora at 1 and 2 months after chemotherapy, with a significant reduction compared with the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the ALL group had a significant reduction in the diversity of intestinal flora before and after chemotherapy (P<0.05). At the phylum level, compared with the control group, the ALL group had a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after chemotherapy (P<0.05) and a significant increase in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria at 1 and 2 months after chemotherapy (P<0.05). At the genus level, compared with the control group, the ALL group had a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after chemotherapy (P<0.05); the relative abundance of Klebsiella in the ALL group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 1 and 2 months after chemotherapy and showed a significant increase at 1 month after chemotherapy (P<0.05); the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in the ALL group was significantly lower than that in the control group before and after chemotherapy and showed a significant reduction at 2 weeks and 1 month after chemotherapy (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Enterococcus increased significantly at 1 and 2 months after chemotherapy in the ALL group (P<0.05), and was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The diversity of intestinal flora in children with ALL is significantly lower than that in healthy children. Chemotherapy significantly reduces the abundance of intestinal flora and can reduce the abundance of some probiotic bacteria (Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium) and increase the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella and Enterococcus) in children with ALL.
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184
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Li ZP, Xu DH, He LP, Wang XJ. Fuzhuan brick tea affects obesity process by modulating gut microbiota. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2022; 13:30-32. [PMID: 35646421 PMCID: PMC9124955 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v13.i3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) on metabolism in obese mice is mediated by regulation of N-methyltransferase by aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The expression of the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene is regulated by many transcription factors, and those specific to this effect need further investigation. Experimental animal studies have been designed to observe the effects of a single drug or the sequential effects of drugs. A washout period should be included if different drugs (e.g., antibiotics and FBT) are given to avoid or reduce additive effects or synergy. Currently, most experimental studies performed in mice used only male animals. However, experience has revealed that the results of using only male mice are very likely to have sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Li
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong-Hui Xu
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lian-Ping He
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Juan Wang
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
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185
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Abstract
1. Pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPPs) have anti-oxidation, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-obesity effect, and so on. However, few studies have been conducted on the absorption and transformation of pomegranate polyphenols in the gut and the biologically active forms that ultimately work in the body.2. In this study, PPPs (300 mg/kg/day) were given to normal rats and relatively sterile rats by gavage respectively. The relatively sterile rats were obtained by neomycin sulfate (250 mg/kg/day) gavage to rats. The purpose of this study is to elaborate the relationship between intestinal flora and polyphenol metabolism of pomegranate peel, and to quantitatively analyze the transformation process of its metabolite urolithin in rats.3. The results showed that decreased bacterial diversity could significantly reduce the abundance of PPPs metabolites in feces and urine in relatively sterile rats. PPPs can regulate intestinal flora structure, significantly enhance the content of Clostrida Firmicutes (P < 0.05), and effectively promote acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, iso-butyric acid and valeric acid production in rat (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 or P< 0.001). PPPs can significantly elevate the relative proportion of Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.05). Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 can promote the metabolic transformation of PPPs and make the utilization of Urolithin A more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidan Shi
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junqi Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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186
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Wang M, Lv C, Chen Y, Bi X, Yang D, Zhao J. Effects of the potential probiotic Bacillus subtilis D1-2 on growth, digestion, immunity and intestinal flora in juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 124:12-20. [PMID: 35367627 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a potential probiotic Bacillus subtilis D1-2 with antibacterial activity was isolated from the gut of Apostichopus japonicus. The purpose of this experiment was to assess the effect of B. subtilis D1-2 at different concentrations (C: 0 CFU/g, BL: 105 CFU/g, BM: 107 CFU/g and BH: 109 CFU/g) on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune ability and intestinal flora of A. japonicus. After the 56-day feeding trial, the final body weight and weight gain rate of juvenile sea cucumber A. japonicus fed B. subtilis D1-2 were significantly increased, especially in the BM group. Additionally, the lipase activity of the intestine was significantly increased in the BM and BH groups. Enhanced immunity was also found in sea cucumbers supplemented with B. subtilis D1-2. Alpha diversity indices showed that the B. subtilis D1-2-supplemented groups had higher intestinal microbial richness and diversity than the control group. The beta diversity analysis indicated that the bacterial communities in the B. subtilis D1-2-supplemented groups were quite similar but different from the bacterial communities in the control group. Dietary supplementation with B. subtilis D1-2 increased the relative abundance of some potential probiotic-related genera, including Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Lactococcus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus. In conclusion, dietary addition of B. subtilis D1-2 could effectively promote the growth of A. japonicus, improve its digestion and immunity capacity to a certain extent, and actively regulate the intestinal microflora of A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chengjie Lv
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Yuying Chen
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Bi
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao Shandong, 266071, PR China
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187
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Jiang J, Chen L, Chen Y, Chen H. Exclusive enteral nutrition remodels the intestinal flora in patients with active Crohn's disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:212. [PMID: 35501724 PMCID: PMC9059691 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are many hypotheses, the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) is not completely clear so far. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is a routine measure in the treatment of active CD. We aimed at investigating the impact of EEN on patients with active CD from microbial metabolomics. METHODS 16S-rDNA sequencing technology and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis were employed to investigate the modification of the intestinal flora and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) during the EEN. RESULTS Seven patients with CD, who conducted EEN, were followed up successfully in the present study. The 8-week EEN resulted in a remission of the condition of subjects with active CD, as revealed by a significant decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P = 0.018), C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.028), and Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) (P = 0.018). The nutrition of the subjects was improved after an 8-week treatment course with EEN, which was associated with an increase in body mess index (BMI) (P = 0.018) and serum albumin (ALB) (P = 0.018) levels. Furthermore, our investigations revealed a significantly increased abundance of Firmicutes paralleled by decreased levels of Proteobacteria. With respect to the genus, five species of bacteria including Ruminococcus (P = 0.01), Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.02), Anaerotruncus (P = 0.04), Flavonifractor (P = 0.04), and Novosphingobium (P = 0.05) showed significantly increased abundance. This was accompanied by relative changes in fecal short-chain fatty acids levels. Moreover, we successfully constructed a stable model by combining these five significantly different genera to predict the therapeutic effect of EEN on patients with CD (AUC = 0.9598). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that EEN can alleviate the condition and the nutrition of patients with active CD by regulating the intestinal flora and influencing the expression level of fecal short-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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188
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Zhu LY, Huang BW, Zhang XL, Zhu N. Progress in application of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in irritable bowel syndrome. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:375-380. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i8.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain accompanied by changes in defecation frequency and/or stool characteristics. The global incidence of IBS is increasing year by year. Intestinal symptoms caused by IBS (such as constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension) and accompanying changes in general nervous system function can significantly reduce patients' quality of life and work efficiency, and lead to high medical costs. Therefore, finding safe, effective, and economical treatments has become a hot research topic in recent years. Studies have shown that the intestinal flora of patients with IBS is different from that of healthy subjects, and regulating the intestinal flora can treat IBS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the application and recent progress of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the treatment of IBS by regulating the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yan Zhu
- Department of General Practice, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People's Hospital), Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing-Wu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xue-Liang Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People's Hospital), Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People's Hospital), Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
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189
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Cai JR, Chen XW, He YJ, Wu B, Zhang M, Wu LH. Washed microbiota transplantation reduces serum uric acid levels in patients with hyperuricaemia. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:3401-3413. [PMID: 35611199 PMCID: PMC9048544 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i11.3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found that hyperuricaemia (HUA) is closely related to intestinal flora imbalance.
AIM The current study investigated the effects and safety of washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) on serum uric acid (SUA) levels in different populations.
METHODS A total of 144 patients who received WMT from July 2016 to April 2020 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University and had SUA data before treatment were selected. Changes in SUA levels before and after treatment were retrospectively reviewed based on short-term and mid-term effects of WMT regimens. SUA levels measured in the last test within 3 mo after the first WMT represented the short-term effect, and SUA levels measured in the last test within 3-6 mo after the first WMT represented the mid-term effect. The patients were divided into an HUA group (SUA > 416 μM) and a normal uric acid (NUA) group (SUA ≥ 202 μM to ≤ 416 μM) based on pretreatment SUA levels.
RESULTS Average short-term SUA levels in the HUA group decreased after WMT (481.00 ± 99.85 vs 546.81 ± 109.64 μM, n = 32, P < 0.05) in 25/32 patients and returned to normal in 10/32 patients. The short-term level of SUA reduction after treatment moderately correlated with SUA levels before treatment (r = 0.549, R² = 0.300, P < 0.05). Average SUA levels decreased after the first and second courses of WMT (469.74 ± 97.68 vs 540.00 ± 107.16 μM, n = 35, and 465.57 ± 88.88 vs 513.19 ± 78.14 μM, n = 21, P < 0.05). Short-term and mid-term SUA levels after WMT and SUA levels after the first, second and third courses of WMT were similar to the levels before WMT in the NUA group (P > 0.05). Only 1/144 patients developed mild diarrhea after WMT.
CONCLUSION WMT reduces short-term SUA levels in patients with HUA with mild side effects but has no obvious effect on SUA levels in patients with NUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Rong Cai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin-Wen Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Jian He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
- Research Center, Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
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190
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申 玉, 李 禄, 魏 璐, 张 先, 赵 文, 刘 晓, 吴 利. [Influence of enteral feeding initiation time on intestinal flora and metabolites in very low birth weight infants: a prospective study]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 24:433-439. [PMID: 35527421 PMCID: PMC9044980 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2111165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the influence of enteral feeding initiation time on intestinal flora and metabolites in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. METHODS A total of 29 VLBW infants who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, from June to December, 2020, were enrolled as subjects. According to the enteral feeding initiation time after birth, the infants were divided into two groups: <24 hours (n=15) and 24-72 hours (n=14). Fecal samples were collected at weeks 2 and 4 of hospitalization, and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze the microflora and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) respectively in fecal samples. RESULTS The analysis of microflora showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in Chao index (reflecting the abundance of microflora) and Shannon index (reflecting the diversity of microflora) at weeks 2 and 4 after birth (P>0.05). The analysis of flora composition showed that there was no significant difference in the main microflora at the phylum and genus levels between the two groups at weeks 2 and 4 after birth (P>0.05). The comparison of SCFAs between the two groups showed that the <24 hours group had a significantly higher level of propionic acid than the 24-72 hours group at week 4 (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the total amount of SCFAs and the content of the other SCFAs between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early enteral feeding has no influence on the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora in VLBW infants, but enteral feeding within 24 hours can increase the level of propionic acid, a metabolite of intestinal flora.
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Qu L, Shi K, Xu J, Liu C, Ke C, Zhan X, Xu K, Liu Y. Atractylenolide-1 targets SPHK1 and B4GALT2 to regulate intestinal metabolism and flora composition to improve inflammation in mice with colitis. Phytomedicine 2022; 98:153945. [PMID: 35114452 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atractylenolide-1, an active component of Atractylodes Lancea, which is widely used to improve the gastrointestinal function. However, the efficacy and mechanism remain unclear in treating ulcerative colitis (UC). PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and the underlying mechanism of atractylenolide-1in UC. METHODS A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mouse model was used to investigate the efficacy of atractylenolide-1. 16S DNA sequencing, GC-MS technique and transcriptome sequencing were used to detect the composition of mouse intestinal flora, the changes of metabolites and gene expression in mouse intestine. Compound-reaction-enzyme-gene network was used to find drug targets. Recombinant plasmid overexpression was used to verify drug targets in DSS mouse models. RESULTS The results showed that Atractylenolide-1 could significantly improve weight loss, diarrhea, blood in the stool, shortening of the colon, the loss of colonic goblet cells, reduction in mucoprotein MUC2, and tight junction proteins (zo-1, occludin) in mice with colitis. It reduced the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β as well. The 16S sequencing showed that Atractylenolide-1 regulated the diversity and abundance of the intestinal flora in mice with colitis, and the analysis of flora enrichment indicated that the regulation of intestinal flora by atractylenolide-1 may be related to the regulation of metabolism. Correlation analysis of metabolomics and transcriptome showed that two genes SPHK1 and B4GALT2 related to the metabolism of fructose and galactose were regulated by atractylenolide-1. Further verification showed that atractylenolide-1 significantly inhibited the aberrance of SPHK1 and B4GALT2 in the colon with colitis. Meanwhile, it inhibited the activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. SPHK1 and B4GALT2 overexpressing reversed the therapeutic effect of atractylenolide-1 in mice with colitis. CONCLUSION Atractylenolide-1 is a potential drug for the treatment of colitis by suppressing inflammation via the SPHK1/PI3K/AKT axis and by targeting SPHK1 and B4GAT2 to regulate fructose/galactose-related metabolism, thereby regulating the composition of the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghang Qu
- College of pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Chunlian Liu
- College of pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Chang Ke
- College of pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xin Zhan
- College of pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Kang Xu
- College of pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Center for Hubei TCM processing technology engineering, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Yanju Liu
- College of pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Center for Hubei TCM processing technology engineering, Wuhan 430065, China.
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192
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Zhang Z, Zhu L, Ma Y, Wang B, Ci C, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Dou C, Gu Q, An Y, Lan Y, Zhao J. Study on the Characteristics of Intestinal Flora Composition in Gastric Cancer Patients and Healthy People in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:1510-1526. [PMID: 34792749 PMCID: PMC9007807 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare and analyze the structure and diversity of intestinal flora between gastric cancer patients and healthy people in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and to explore the characteristics of the intestinal flora composition in gastric cancer patients in the plateau area, and to determine the possible correlation between the intestinal flora and gastric cancer. Fresh feces from 22 cases of gastric cancer patients diagnosed in a tertiary hospital in Qinghai Province and 30 cases of healthy people during the same period were collected. The 52 subjects were undergone for 16S rDNA gene sequencing of intestinal bacteria to analyze and compare the diversity and compositional characteristics of intestinal flora. Analysis of the diversity of intestinal flora between the gastric cancer group and the healthy group was based on the Chao1 index of species richness, Shannon diversity index, and Simpson index. It showed that the gastric cancer group had no statistically difference from the healthy group (P > 0.05). In the Venn diagram, the number of OTU units shared by the gastric cancer group and the healthy group is 6997, and the number of unique OTU units in the healthy group is 2282, while the number of OTU units in the gastric cancer group is 896 and the difference is statistically significant (χ2 = 495.829), P < 0.000). Analysis of the composition and abundance distribution of intestinal flora showed that at the phylum level, there is no significant deference in abundance between the healthy group of Bacteroides and Firmicutes compared with the gastric cancer group (P > 0.05). However, there is a statistically significant difference in abundance between the healthy groups of Proteobacteria compared with the gastric cancer group (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the gastric cancer group of Prevotella_9 is significantly different from the healthy group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the gastric cancer group of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus are significantly different from the healthy group (P < 0.001). There are differences in the composition and abundance of intestinal flora between patients with gastric cancer and healthy people in plateau areas, suggesting that Proteobacteria, Prevotella_9, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus have increased in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and becoming one of the factors related to the incidence of gastric cancer in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhang
- Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Oncosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Linghong Zhu
- Department of Science and Education, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yanqing Ma
- Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Caihong Ci
- Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jingni Zhang
- Department of Science and Education, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yunsong Zhou
- Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chunjiang Dou
- Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Qiaoling Gu
- Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yan An
- Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yongmei Lan
- Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Jin Zhao
- Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China.
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193
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Chen GQ, Wang LL. Distribution of intestinal flora in children with rotavirus enteritis and its correlation with intestinal mucosal barrier function and humoral immunity. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:287-294. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i6.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus enteritis (RVE) is a disease that seriously affects the life and health of infants and young children worldwide. In recent years, it has been gradually recognized that intestinal flora disturbance plays an important role in the occurrence of RVE. However, there is little validation data on the effect of gut microbiota on the severity of illness and humoral immunity in children with RVE.
AIM To analyze the correlation between intestinal flora and disease severity, intestinal mucosal barrier function, and humoral immunity in children with RVE.
METHODS A total of 131 children with RVE diagnosed at our hospital from January 2019 to May 2021 were selected and divided into a mild group (39 cases), a moderate group (58 cases), and a severe group (34 cases) according to the severity of the disease. The number of intestinal bacteria and the distribution of dysbiosis grades were analyzed, and the relationship of the number of intestinal bacteria and dysbiosis grades with disease severity was analyzed. The intestinal mucosal barrier function indicators [serum D-lactic acid (D-LA), diamine oxidase (DAO), and endotoxin (ET)] and humoral immune indexes [serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, and IgM] levels in children with different intestinal flora dysbiosis grades were measured, and the correlation between intestinal mucosal barrier function, humoral immunity, and the grade of intestinal flora imbalance was analyzed.
RESULTS The number of intestinal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was negatively correlated with the severity of the disease, while the number of intestinal Escherichia coli and the grade of dysbacteriosis were positively correlated with the severity of the disease (r = -0.727, -0.734, 0.757, and 0.748, respectively, P < 0.05). Serum D-LA, DAO, and ET were positively correlated with the grade of intestinal flora imbalance, and serum IgA, IgG, and IgM were negatively correlated with the grade of intestinal flora dysbiosis (r = 0.752, 0.717, 0.748, -0.715, -0.703 , and -0.787, respectively, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION The number of intestinal bacteria and the grade of disorders in children with RVE are significantly correlated with the severity of the disease, intestinal mucosal barrier function, and humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan 317299, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan 317299, Zhejiang Province, China
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194
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Chen J, Wang M, Zhang P, Li H, Qu K, Xu R, Guo N, Zhu H. Cordycepin alleviated metabolic inflammation in Western diet-fed mice by targeting intestinal barrier integrity and intestinal flora. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106191. [PMID: 35346845 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic inflammation is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of obesity and promotes related complications. Accumulating evidence has indicated that regulating intestinal integrity and the gut microbiota may be new treatment strategies for metabolic inflammation and obesity. Cordycepin has been reported to improve obesity, but the mechanism is not yet clear. Here, we showed that cordycepin considerably alleviated systemic inflammation while reducing body weight gain and metabolic disorders in Western diet (WD)-fed mice. Further investigations showed that cordycepin significantly ameliorated WD-induced damage to the intestinal barrier and decreased the leakage of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the blood in mice by suppressing intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress damage, and decreasing intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and pyroptosis. In addition, by using metagenomic sequencing, we found that cordycepin can also regulate the homeostasis of intestinal flora, including selectively increasing the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and reducing the production of fecal LPS. Besides, we demonstrated that the intestinal flora partially mediated the beneficial effects of cordycepin on improving intestinal barrier function, and obesity-related symptoms in WD-fed mice by a fecal microbiota transplantation experiment. Hence, our findings provided new insights into the role of cordycepin in improving metabolic inflammation and obesity from the perspective of regulating the intestinal barrier function and intestinal flora, and further provided data support for the utility of cordycepin in the treatment of obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kai Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ruiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Na Guo
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nan Xiao Street 16, Dong Zhi Men Nei, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
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Zhou P, Yang T, Xu M, Zhao Y, Shen P, Wang Y. 16S rRNA sequencing-based evaluation of the protective effects of Hua-Zhuo-Jie-Du on rats with chronic atrophic gastritis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:71. [PMID: 35296316 PMCID: PMC8928654 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disturbance of the intestinal flora is a pathogenic factor for chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Hua-Zhuo-Jie-Du (HZJD) has been shown to be an effective Chinese herbal preparation for treating CAG. However, the effects of HZJD on the intestinal flora of CAG is unclear. In this study, we probed the regulating effects of HZJD on intestinal microbes in CAG rats using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Methods High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to perform quality control of HZJD preparations. We then administered 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (200 μg/ml) to Sprague–Dawley rats to establish a CAG model. HZJD and vitacoenzyme were administered orally to these rats over a 10 week period. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to observe the histopathology of CAG rats. A rarefaction curve, species accumulation curve, Chao1 index, and ACE index were calculated to assess the alpha diversity. Principal component analysis (PCA), non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS), and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) were conducted to examine the beta diversity. The LEfSe method was used to identify differential bacteria. Differential function analysis used PCA based on KEGG function prediction. Results HPLC showed that our HZJD preparation method was feasible. H&E staining showed that HZJD significantly improved the pathological state of the gastric mucosa in CAG rats. The rarefaction curve and species accumulation curve showed that the sequencing data were reasonable. The Chao1 and ACE indices were significantly increased in CAG rats compared to the N group. Following HZJD and vitacoenzyme treatment, the Chao1 and ACE indices were decreased. PCA, NMDS, and UPGMA results showed that the M group was separated from the N, HZJD, and V groups, and LEfSe results showed that the relative abundance of Akkermansia, Oscillospira, Prevotella, and CF231 were significantly higher in the N group. Proteobacteria and Escherichia were significantly enriched in the M group, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Jeotgalicoccus, Corynebacterium, and Sporosarcina were significantly enriched in the V group, and Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, and Turicibacter were significantly enriched in the HZJD group. Conclusion HZJD exhibited a therapeutic effect on the intestinal flora of CAG rats. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03542-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhou
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Miaochan Xu
- Shijiazhuang Pingan Hospital Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, 050025, Hebei, China
| | - Yuejia Zhao
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Pengpeng Shen
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Anwai Xiaoguan Street No. 51, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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196
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龚 帅, 仇 君, 吴 丽, 谭 李. Change in intestinal flora after treatment in children with focal epilepsy. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 24:290-296. [PMID: 35351260 PMCID: PMC8974657 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2109134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the difference in intestinal flora between children with focal epilepsy and healthy children and the change in intestinal flora after treatment in children with epilepsy. METHODS A total of 10 children with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy were recruited as the case group and were all treated with oxcarbazepine alone. Their clinical data were recorded. Fecal specimens before treatment and after 3 months of treatment were collected. Fourteen aged-matched healthy children were recruited as the control group. Total bacterial DNA was extracted from the fecal specimens for 16S rDNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS After 3 months of carbamazepine treatment, the seizure frequency was reduced by >50% in the case group. At the phylum level, the abundance of Actinobacteria in the case group before treatment was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and it was reduced after treatment (P<0.05). At the genus level, the abundances of Escherichia/Shigella, Streptococcus, Collinsella, and Megamonas in the case group before treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the abundances of these bacteria decreased significantly after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant difference in intestinal flora between children with focal epilepsy and healthy children. Oxcarbazepine can significantly improve the symptoms and intestinal flora in children with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - 君 仇
- 湖南省儿童医院《临床小儿外科杂志》 编辑部,湖南长沙410007
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197
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Xie Q, Li H, Ma R, Ren M, Li Y, Li J, Chen H, Chen Z, Gong D, Wang J. Effect of Coptis chinensis franch and Magnolia officinalis on intestinal flora and intestinal barrier in a TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis rats model. Phytomedicine 2022; 97:153927. [PMID: 35030387 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In folk medicine Coptis chinensis Franch (Huanglian in Chinese, HL) and Magnoliae officinalis (Houpo, HP) have been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders over hundreds of years, such as ulcers and inflammation. PURPOSE To investigate the therapeutic effects of HL and HP on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) rats, and investigated its effect on the intestinal flora of UC rats. METHOD TNBS 40 mg/kg was utilized to establish UC model. Rats were sacrificed after gavage for 7 days. Body weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), colonic mucosal damage index (CMDI) and histopathology were measured. Intestinal content samples were collected, and analyzed by 16 S rRNA sequencing. Western blot, immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the regulation mechanism of HL+HP in UC model rats. RESULTS The results showed that the DAI score, CMDI score and histological score were significantly decreased in each group. The symptoms of diarrhea, hematochezia, colonic mucosal injury and congestion and edema were improved. Sequencing results of intestinal flora showed that the abundance of probiotics such as Akkermansia and Blautia was increased in HL group and HL+HP group, while probiotics such as Allobaculum and Alloprevotella were increased in HP group. The intestinal pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia-Shigella and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 were decreased. In addition, HL+HP could also inhibit the inflammatory response and protect the integrity of the tight junction to play an anti-UC effect. CONCLUSION Coptis chinensis Franch and Magnolia officinalis might prevent intestinal barrier damage by regulating intestinal flora imbalance and inhibit the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Mihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Hai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Zhuoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Daoyin Gong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
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198
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Wang X, Liu J, Geng L, Yang Y, Wu N, Zhang Q, Wang J. Effects of Pyropia yezoensis enzymatic hydrolysate on the growth and immune regulation of the zebrafish. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 122:21-28. [PMID: 35091026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The supplemental effect of Pyropia yezoensis enzymatic hydrolysate (PYE) in fish diet was evaluated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. A basal diet supplemented with PYE at 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0% were fed to one-month old zebrafish for 6 weeks, its growth performance and immunity index were evaluated. The increase in weight gain was significantly higher when supplementary 1% PYE which shows a positive effect on growth performance of zebrafish. In addition, crude protein content of fish body was increased in all PYE supplemental groups. The innate immune responses and activity of digestive enzymes in zebrafish were enhanced with dietary supplementation of PYE additives. Compared with the control group, lysozyme (LYZ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) content in zebrafish intestines were up-regulated in groups fed with 0.1% and 1% PYE. The mRNA expression levels of LYZ and IL-10 in zebrafish intestines were consistent with ELISA results. The content of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) reduced in 1% and 2% PYE groups. Furthermore, PYE down-regulated the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonadaceae) and up-regulated the relative abundance of fish probiotics (Brevibacillus) in intestinal flora. The findings in this study indicated that PYE supplementation in diet could promote growth, improve immunity and regulate intestinal flora, which made PYE considered as an potential aquatic additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qing Dao agricultural university, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Lihua Geng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Yue Yang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Ning Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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199
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Jia YJ, Li TY, Han P, Chen Y, Pan LJ, Jia CS. Effects of different courses of moxibustion treatment on intestinal flora and inflammation of a rat model of knee osteoarthritis. J Integr Med 2022; 20:173-181. [PMID: 35101368 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was done to determine the effects of different courses of moxibustion on a rat knee osteoarthritis (KOA) model, and explore the dose-effect relationship of moxibustion on KOA from the perspectives of intestinal flora and inflammatory factors. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal, model, moxibustion for 2 weeks, moxibustion for 4 weeks and moxibustion for 6 weeks groups (n = 5 each group). A KOA rat model was induced by monosodium iodoacetate, and moxibustion intervention was performed at the acupoints "Dubi" (ST35) and "Zusanli" (ST36), once every other day. Pathologic changes in the cartilage of rat knee joints were assessed after intervention, and fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing for microbial diversity analysis. RESULTS Damage to the knee articular cartilage was obvious in the model group, which also had increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors, decreased levels of anti-inflammatory factors, and intestinal flora disorders with decreased diversity. The degree of cartilage damage in the 4 and 6 weeks of moxibustion groups was significantly improved compared with the model group. The 4 and 6 weeks of moxibustion groups also demonstrated reduced levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α and increased levels of interleukin-10 (P < 0.05). Both the abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora were increased, approaching those of the normal group. Abundances of probiotics Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 increased, while that of the pathogenic bacteria Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group decreased (P < 0.05). Although the abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group decreased in the 2 weeks of moxibustion group compared with the model group (P < 0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in serum inflammatory factors, flora species diversity or degree of pathological damage compared with the model group. CONCLUSION Moxibustion treatment led to significant improvements in the intestinal flora and inflammatory factors of rats with KOA. Moxibustion treatment of 4 and 6 weeks led to better outcomes than the 2-week course. Moxibustion for 4 and 6 weeks can regulate intestinal flora dysfunction with increased probiotics and reduced pathogenic bacteria, reduce pro-inflammatory factors and increase anti-inflammatory factors. No significant differences were seen between the effects of moxibustion for 4 weeks and 6 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Juan Jia
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, China
| | - Tian-Yu Li
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, China
| | - Peng Han
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li-Jia Pan
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Jia
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, China.
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Nie Y, Yang J, Zhou L, Yang Z, Liang J, Liu Y, Ma X, Qian Z, Hong P, Kalueff AV, Song C, Zhang Y. Marine fungal metabolite butyrolactone I prevents cognitive deficits by relieving inflammation and intestinal microbiota imbalance on aluminum trichloride-injured zebrafish. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:39. [PMID: 35130930 PMCID: PMC8822793 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidences indicate that oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and dysregulation of gut microbiota are related to neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). Butyrolactone I (BTL-I), a marine fungal metabolite, was previously reported as an in vitro neuroprotectant and inflammation inhibitor. However, little is known regarding its in vivo effects, whereas zebrafish (Danio rerio) could be used as a convenient in vivo model of toxicology and central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
Methods Here, we employed in vivo and in silico methods to investigate the anti-NDs potential of BTL-I. Specifically, we established a cognitive deficit model in zebrafish by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) (21 μg) and assessed their behaviors in the T-maze test. The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity or glutathione (GSH) levels were assayed 24 h after AlCl3 injection. The intestinal flora variation of the zebrafish was investigated by 16S rDNA high-throughput analysis. The marine fungal metabolite, butyrolactone I (BTL-I), was used to modulate zebrafish cognitive deficits evoked by AlCl3 and evaluated about its effects on the above inflammatory, cholinergic, oxidative stress, and gut floral indicators. Furthermore, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and drug-likeness properties of BTL-I were studied by the in silico tool ADMETlab. Results BTL-I dose-dependently ameliorated AlCl3-induced cognitive deficits in zebrafish. While AlCl3 treatment elevated the levels of central and peripheral proinflammatory cytokines, increased AChE activity, and lowered GSH in the brains of zebrafish, these effects, except GSH reduction, were reversed by 25–100 mg/kg BTL-I administration. Besides, 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing of the intestinal flora of zebrafish showed that AlCl3 decreased Gram-positive bacteria and increased proinflammatory Gram-negative bacteria, while BTL-I contributed to maintaining the predominance of beneficial Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, the in silico analysis indicated that BTL-I exhibits acceptable drug-likeness and ADMET profiles. Conclusions The present findings suggest that BTL-I is a potential therapeutic agent for preventing CNS deficits caused by inflammation, neurotoxicity, and gut flora imbalance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02403-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Jingming Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Longjian Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 30072, China
| | - Zhiyou Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jinyue Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yayue Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhongji Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Cai Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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