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Gorman H, Moreau F, Kim A, Chadee K. A24 FCGBP MAINTAINS MUC2 MUCUS STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY BY STABILIZING THE MUCUS LAYER IN RESPONSE TO THE COLONIC PATHOGEN, ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
MUC2 mucin is the major component of the colonic mucus bilayer that serves as the first line of innate host defense against pathogens while supporting a healthy microbiota and regulating epithelial barrier function. Proteomic studies of colonic mucus have identified various mucus-associated proteins. One of the most abundant is FCGBP, similar to MUC2 mucin, but its interaction with MUC2 or function is not known. Here, we elucidated FCGBP functional role in stabilizing MUC2 mucus and in innate host defence against Entamoeba histolytica (Eh).
Aims
Hypothesis: MUC2 mucin and FCGBP are coordinately produced and play an important role in innate host defense. The specific aims are:
1. To determine if FCGBP alters the structural integrity of the mucus layer
2. To determine the role of FCGBP in Eh infection
Methods
FCGBP mRNA and protein expression induced by Eh, in WT and FCGBP CRISPR/Cas9 LS174T goblet cells were analysed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. To compare integrity of the mucus layer, fluorescent Eh and 1μM fluorescent beads were inoculated on WT and KO monolayers and adherent Eh and bead penetrability analyzed. To quantify MUC2 and FCGBP degradation by Eh, purified MUC2 and recombinant FCGBP were incubated with Eh proteases (SPs) and Western blotted using highly specific antibodies against various regions of the proteins.
Results
In response to live Eh, FCGBP and MUC2 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner. Surprisingly, FCGBP KO cells elicited robust expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein as compared to WT cells. More fluorescent Eh were attached to the mucus layer of FCGBP KO cells as compared to WT or MUC2 KO cells. Fluorescent beads penetrated further towards the epithelial cell surface in KO as compared to WT cells. Interestingly, while both MUC2 and FCGBP from purified polymeric mucins were degraded by Eh SPs, FCGBP cleavage occurred at a faster rate than MUC2. Degradation of FCGBP and MUC2 was mediated by EhCP-A5 cysteine proteinase using purified MUC2 and recombinant FCGBP.
Conclusions
In WT goblet cells, FCGBP and MUC2 were upregulated temporally in response to Eh. The increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in FCGBP KO cells in response to Eh suggests that Eh directly interacted with the cell surface suggesting an impaired protective mucus layer. In support of this, fluorescent beads penetrated the mucus layer close to the cell surface and more Eh were attached to FCGBP KO mucus demonstrating that FCGBP was critical in providing structural integrity of the mucus layer. In response to Eh, FCGBP degradation was a prerequisite for MUC2 cleavage, providing direct evidence that FCGBP and MUC2 interactions conferred biophysical properties of the protective functions of the mucus gel.
Funding Agencies
CIHR
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Carver M, Celentano A, Hicks K, Marsicano L, Mathieu V, Pilloni A, Adhikari KP, Adhikari S, Amaryan MJ, Angelini G, Atac H, Baltzell NA, Barion L, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Benmokhtar F, Bianconi A, Biselli AS, Bondi M, Bossù F, Boiarinov S, Briscoe WJ, Brooks WK, Bulumulla D, Burkert VD, Carman DS, Carvajal JC, Chatagnon P, Chetry T, Ciullo G, Clark L, Clary BA, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Crede V, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, Defurne M, Deur A, Diehl S, Djalali C, Dugger M, Dupre R, Egiyan H, Ehrhart M, Alaoui AE, Fassi LE, Eugenio P, Fedotov G, Fegan S, Filippi A, Gavalian G, Gevorgyan N, Gilfoyle GP, Girod FX, Gothe RW, Griffioen KA, Hafidi K, Hakobyan H, Hattawy M, Hayward TB, Heddle D, Holtrop M, Huang Q, Hyde CE, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Isupov EL, Jenkins D, Jo HS, Joo K, Joosten S, Keller D, Khanal A, Khandaker M, Kim A, Kim CW, Klein FJ, Kripko A, Kubarovsky V, Lanza L, Leali M, Lenisa P, Livingston K, MacGregor IJD, Marchand D, Mascagna V, McCracken ME, McKinnon B, Meziani ZE, Mokeev V, Movsisyan A, Munevar E, Camacho CM, Nadel-Turonski P, Neupane K, Niccolai S, Niculescu G, Osipenko M, Ostrovidov AI, Paolone M, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Pasyuk E, Phelps W, Pogorelko O, Prok Y, Protopopescu D, Ripani M, Ritchie BG, Ritman J, Rizzo A, Rosner G, Rowley J, Sabatié F, Salgado C, Schmidt A, Schumacher RA, Sharabian YG, Shrestha U, Sokhan D, Soto O, Sparveris N, Stepanyan S, Strakovsky II, Strauch S, Tyler N, Tyson R, Ungaro M, Venturelli L, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Watts DP, Wei K, Wei X, Yale B, Zachariou N, Zhang J, Zhao ZW. Photoproduction of the f_{2}(1270) Meson Using the CLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:082002. [PMID: 33709753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.082002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The quark structure of the f_{2}(1270) meson has, for many years, been assumed to be a pure quark-antiquark (qq[over ¯]) resonance with quantum numbers J^{PC}=2^{++}. Recently, it was proposed that the f_{2}(1270) is a molecular state made from the attractive interaction of two ρ mesons. Such a state would be expected to decay strongly to final states with charged pions due to the dominant decay ρ→π^{+}π^{-}, whereas decay to two neutral pions would likely be suppressed. Here, we measure for the first time the reaction γp→π^{0}π^{0}p, using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer detector at Jefferson Lab for incident beam energies between 3.6 and 5.4 GeV. Differential cross sections, dσ/dt, for f_{2}(1270) photoproduction are extracted with good precision due to low backgrounds and are compared to theoretical calculations.
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Kim KJ, Kim A, Kim CS, Song SW, Ruh H, Unger WES, Radnik J, Mata-Salazar J, Juarez-Garcia JM, Cortazar-Martinez O, Herrera-Gomez A, Hansen PE, Madesen JS, Senna CA, Archanjo BS, Damasceno JC, Achete CA, Wang H, Wang M, Windover D, Steel E, Kurokawa A, Fujimoto T, Azuma Y, Terauchi S, Zhang L, Jordaan WA, Spencer SJ, Shard AG, Koenders L, Krumrey M, Busch I, Jeynes C. Thickness measurement of nm HfO 2 films. METROLOGIA 2021; 58:08016. [PMID: 38883307 PMCID: PMC11177853 DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/58/1a/08016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Main text
A pilot study for the thickness measurement of HfO2 films was performed by the Surface Analysis Working Group (SAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM). The aim of this pilot study was to ensure the equivalency in the measurement capability of national metrology institutes for the thickness measurement of HfO2 films. In this pilot study, the thicknesses of six HfO2 films with nominal thickness from 1 nm to 4 nm were measured by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Reflectometry(XRR), X-ray Fluorescence Analysis (XRF), Transmission Electron Spectroscopy (TEM), Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). The reference thicknesses were determined by mutual calibration of a zero-offset method (Medium Energy Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (MEIS) of KRISS) and a method traceable to the length unit (the average thicknesses of three XRR data except the thinnest film). These reference thicknesses are traceable to the length unit because they are based on the traceability of XRR. For the thickness measurement by XPS, the effective attenuation length of Hf 4f electrons was determined. In the cases of XRR and TEM, the offset values were determined from a linear fitting between the reference thicknesses and the individual data by XRR and TEM. The amount of substance of HfO2, expressed as thickness of HfO2 films (in both linear and areal density units), was found to be a good subject for a CCQM key comparison.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM.
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Kim HB, Kim A, Kim Y, Kim GT, Ahn E, So MW, Sohn DH, Lee SG. Associations of serum monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with digital ulcers and skin fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis. Scand J Rheumatol 2020; 50:231-238. [PMID: 33243053 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2020.1837237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and clinical manifestations in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Method: This was a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study comprising 111 female SSc patients recruited from a tertiary care rheumatology centre. We also assessed 222 age-matched female healthy controls. Serum MHR was measured in all study participants. Digital ulcer (DU) was defined as an active or healed ulceration, and the magnitude of skin fibrosis was determined according to the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS).Results: The mean age and median disease duration in patients with SSc were 56.3 years and 98 months, respectively. The MHR in SSc patients was significantly higher than that in controls. DU was found in 35 patients (31.5%) with SSc (active in 12 and healed in 23), and the median mRSS was 8. SSc patients with DU had a significantly higher median MHR than those without (11.43 vs 7.62, p < 0.001), and MHR significantly positively correlated with mRSS (ρ = 0.289, p = 0.002). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that an elevated MHR was independently associated with increased risk of DU (odds ratio = 1.21; 95% confidence interval = 1.07-1.35; p = 0.002). In the multivariable linear regression analysis, higher MHR showed a significant association with increased log-transformed mRSS (unstandardized β = 0.052, p = 0.003).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the MHR could be serve as a potential biomarker of the risk of DU and advanced skin fibrosis in patients with SSc.
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Beriro DJ, Cave M, Kim A, Craggs J, Wragg J, Thomas R, Taylor C, Nathanail CP, Vane C. Soil-sebum partition coefficients for high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAH). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122633. [PMID: 32512434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAH) soil-sebum partition coefficients (KSS) were measured for twelve soils collected from former UK gasworks. Concentrations of ∑16 USEPA PAH in the soils ranged from 51 to 1440 mg/kg. Time series extractions (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h) at skin temperature (32 °C) of HMW-PAH from sebum to soil for two samples were conducted to determine the maximum release time-step. The maximum HMW-PAH release time-step was determined as 4 h, which was subsequently used as the extraction time for the remaining samples. The 4 h extraction for all samples showed HMW-PAH KSS ranging from 0.06 to 1.4 (median = 0.59; mean = 0.59; standard deviation = 0.27; median absolute deviation = 0.29). Evaluation of KSS data for the 4 h extractions showed that soil type and selected HMW-PAH properties (literature based molecular weight and octanol-carbon partition coefficients) affect the amount of HMW-PAH released from soil into sebum.
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Holmes SA, Kim A, Borsook D. The brain and behavioral correlates of motor-related analgesia (MRA). Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105158. [PMID: 33157210 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human motor system has the capacity to act as an internal form of analgesia. Since the discovery of the potential influence of motor systems on analgesia in rodent models, clinical applications of targeting the motor system for analgesia have been implemented. However, a neurobiological basis for motor activation's effects on analgesia is not well defined. Motor-related analgesia (MRA) is a phenomenon wherein a decrease in pain symptoms can be achieved through either indirect or direct activation of the motor axis. To date, research has focused on (a) evaluating the pain-motor interaction as one focused on the acute protection from painful stimuli; (b) motor cortex stimulation for chronic pain; or (c) exercise as a method of improving chronic pain in animal and human models. This review evaluates (1) current knowledge surrounding how pain interferes with canonical neurological performance throughout the motor axis; and (2) the physiological basis for motor-related analgesia as a means to reduce pain symptom loads for patients. A proposal for future research directions is provided.
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Ruschin M, McCann C, Stewart J, Maralani P, Campbell M, Kim A, Lee Y, Carty A, Tseng C, Sahgal A, Keller B. Patient Setup And Intra-Fraction Variability On The MR-Linac For Patients Undergoing Brain Tumor Radiation: First Step To Establishing A Planning Target Volume Margin. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ricco A, Kim A, Canada J, Grizzard J, Dana F, Rezai Gharai L, Abbate A, Weiss E. Extracellular Volume Fraction of Cardiac MRI in the Detection of Cardiac Toxicity from Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Diehl S, Joo K, Kim A, Avakian H, Kroll P, Park K, Riser D, Semenov-Tian-Shansky K, Tezgin K, Adhikari KP, Adhikari S, Amaryan MJ, Angelini G, Asryan G, Atac H, Barion L, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Benmokhtar F, Bianconi A, Biselli AS, Bossù F, Boiarinov S, Briscoe WJ, Brooks WK, Bulumulla D, Burkert VD, Carman DS, Carvajal JC, Celentano A, Chatagnon P, Chetry T, Ciullo G, Clark L, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Crede V, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, Defurne M, Deur A, Dilks C, Djalali C, Dupre R, Egiyan H, Ehrhart M, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Eugenio P, Filippi A, Forest TA, Ghandilyan Y, Gilfoyle GP, Giovanetti KL, Girod FX, Glazier DI, Golovatch E, Gothe RW, Griffioen KA, Guidal M, Guo L, Hakobyan H, Harrison N, Hattawy M, Hayward TB, Heddle D, Hicks K, Holtrop M, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Ishkhanov BS, Isupov EL, Jenkins D, Jo HS, Joosten S, Keller D, Khachatryan M, Khanal A, Khandaker M, Kim CW, Kim W, Kubarovsky V, Kuhn SE, Lanza L, Leali M, Lenisa P, Livingston K, MacGregor IJD, Marchand D, Markov N, Marsicano L, Mascagna V, McKinnon B, Meziani ZE, Mineeva T, Mirazita M, Mokeev V, Munoz Camacho C, Nadel-Turonski P, Niculescu G, Osipenko M, Paolone M, Pappalardo LL, Pasyuk E, Phelps W, Pogorelko O, Price JW, Prok Y, Raue BA, Ripani M, Rizzo A, Rossi P, Rowley J, Sabatié F, Salgado C, Schmidt A, Schumacher RA, Sharabian YG, Shrestha U, Soto O, Sparveris N, Stepanyan S, Stoler P, Strakovsky II, Strauch S, Tan JA, Tyler N, Ungaro M, Venturelli L, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Watts DP, Wei X, Wood MH, Zachariou N, Zhang J, Zhao ZW. Extraction of Beam-Spin Asymmetries from the Hard Exclusive π^{+} Channel off Protons in a Wide Range of Kinematics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:182001. [PMID: 33196236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.182001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have measured beam-spin asymmetries to extract the sinϕ moment A_{LU}^{sinϕ} from the hard exclusive e[over →]p→e^{'}nπ^{+} reaction above the resonance region, for the first time with nearly full coverage from forward to backward angles in the center of mass. The A_{LU}^{sinϕ} moment has been measured up to 6.6 GeV^{2} in -t, covering the kinematic regimes of generalized parton distributions (GPD) and baryon-to-meson transition distribution amplitudes (TDA) at the same time. The experimental results in very forward kinematics demonstrate the sensitivity to chiral-odd and chiral-even GPDs. In very backward kinematics where the TDA framework is applicable, we found A_{LU}^{sinϕ} to be negative, while a sign change was observed near 90° in the center of mass. The unique results presented in this Letter will provide critical constraints to establish reaction mechanisms that can help to further develop the GPD and TDA frameworks.
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Jang M, Kim HJ, Kim A, Jeon B. Lower Urinary tract symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxias. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bockeria L, Carrel T, Lemaire A, Makarenko V, Kim A, Shatalov K, Cox M, Svanidze O. Total cavopulmonary connection with a new restorative vascular graft: results at 2 years. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:4168-4173. [PMID: 32944328 PMCID: PMC7475567 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-19-739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background To present a 2-year follow-up regarding safety and hemodynamic performance of a new restorative vascular graft used as extracardiac cavo-pulmonary connection in patients with univentricular congenital heart malformations. Methods The graft was implanted in five patients (aged 4–12 years) as extracardiac connection between the inferior vena cava and the pulmonary artery. The conduit consists of a bioabsorbable polymer-based implant able to generate endogenous tissue restoration leading to a fully functional neo-vessel while the polymer progressively absorbs. All patients have reached more than 24 months following surgery and underwent echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Results All patients are doing well at 24 months follow-up, with no graft-related serious adverse events. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated adequate function of the conduit in all patients while magnetic resonance imaging showed anatomical and functional stability of the restorative grafts. Conclusions The new restorative conduit has been successfully used for the second step of the Fontan procedure as extracardiac total cavopulmonary connection. The results are promising because they suggest that complete transformation of a bioabsorbable polymer and replacement through endogenous tissue may represent a major advantage in the treatment of congenital heart disease patients. Further monitoring will allow to evaluate the long-term behavior of this new graft, in terms of clinical and hemodynamic performance, thrombogenicity and ability to grow.
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Kim A, Park S, Lee H, Cho H, Kang H. PCN90 Development of Time-Dependent Markov MODEL to Evaluate the Cost-Effectiveness of Treatment Options for Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-CELL Lymphoma in South Korea. Value Health Reg Issues 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2020.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vargas T, Schiffman J, Lam PH, Kim A, Mittal VA. Using search engine data to gauge public interest in mental health, politics and violence in the context of mass shootings. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236157. [PMID: 32764767 PMCID: PMC7413499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant potential for providing insight to private perceptions and behaviors, search engine data has yet to be utilized as a means of gauging the U.S. public’s interest and understanding of mental health in the context of gun violence and politics. An analysis of Google Trends revealed that Mental health searches increased in volume starting in the beginning of the current decade. Notably, both “mental health” and “gun(s)” were searched with greater frequency the week after the mass shooting events occurred. Related searches after the event also observed a significant increase in interest in mental health and gun regulation, legal reform, mass shootings, and gun(s). Results suggest that the American public’s perception of mental illness increasingly incorporates associations with themes of violence and politics, which becomes more apparent surrounding mass shooting events. Future studies are needed to determine implications for stigmatization of vulnerable groups, and possible relations to media coverage.
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Kim A, Mock B, Lee H, Kang Y, Kim D, Shin J. 645 5-(3’, 4’-Dihydroxyphenyl-valerolactone) regulates DNA methylation in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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McKinney CM, Leroux BG, Seminario AL, Kim A, Liu Z, Samy S, Sathyanarayana S. A Prospective Cohort Study of Bisphenol A Exposure from Dental Treatment. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1262-1269. [PMID: 32579872 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520934725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory studies show that bisphenol A (BPA) leaches from bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (bisGMA)-based dental materials. We aimed to quantify the extent to which children are exposed to BPA from dental treatment with bisGMA materials, by amount of treatment and type of sedation. We hypothesized that posttreatment urinary BPA (uBPA) concentrations would be higher among patients with more surfaces treated with bisGMA-based materials and among patients receiving general anesthesia compared with pretreatment concentrations. We conducted a prospective cohort study in 211 children, 4 to 12 y old, who had no prior resin-based dental treatment. We measured uBPA concentrations twice before treatment and at 2 d and 1, 4, and 16 wk posttreatment. We abstracted treatment data (surfaces treated) from the chart. We generated descriptive statistics and compared pre- and posttreatment uBPA concentrations using generalized estimating equations. Participants were 51% female, 46% non-White, and 74% publicly insured. The median age was 6 y. The mean number of tooth surfaces exposed to BisGMA materials (composites/sealants) was 7.5 (SD 5.3). Overall, uBPA concentrations were 86% higher (95% confidence interval [CI] 42% to 143%, P < 0.001) at 2 d posttreatment compared with pretreatment concentrations. The uBPA concentrations 2 d posttreatment versus pretreatment tended to be higher (112%, 95% CI 53% to 194%) among those receiving treatment on >4 surfaces than those receiving treatment on ≤4 surfaces (50%, 95% CI -2% to 130%). Two days after treatment, uBPA was significantly higher than pretreatment concentrations in children receiving nitrous oxide but not in those receiving general anesthesia. Among all findings, uBPA concentrations returned to baseline by 4 wk. Children experience short-term increases in BPA from dental treatment. The impact of relatively high, short-term BPA exposure on child health is unknown. Given the widespread use of BisGMA-based dental materials and that chronic low-dose BPA exposure may adversely affect child health, strategies that minimize BPA exposure could potentially improve child health.
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Islam S, Shah V, Gidde STR, Hutapea P, Song SH, Picone J, Kim A. A Machine Learning Enabled Wireless Intracranial Brain Deformation Sensing System. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:3521-3530. [PMID: 32340930 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2990071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A leading cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is intracranial brain deformation due to mechanical impact. This deformation is viscoelastic and differs from a traditional rigid transformation. In this paper, we describe a machine learning enabled wireless sensing system that predicts the trajectory of intracranial brain deformation. The sensing system consists of an implantable soft magnet and an external magnetic sensor array with a sensing volume of 12 × 12 × 4 mm3. Machine learning algorithm predicts the brain deformation by interpreting the magnetic sensor outputs created by the change in position of the implanted soft magnet. Three different machine learning models were trained on calibration data: (1) random forests, (2) k-nearest neighbors, and (3) a multi-layer perceptron-based neural network. These models were validated using both in vitro (a needle inserted into PVC gel) and in vivo (blast exposure to live and dead rat brains) experiments. The in vitro gel deformation predicted by these machine learning models showed excellent agreement with the camera measurements and had absolute error = 138 μm, Fréchet distance = 372 μm with normalized Procrustes disparity = 0.034. The in vivo brain deformation predicted by these models had absolute error = 50 μm, Fréchet distance = 95 μm with normalized Procrustes disparity = 0.055 for dead animal and absolute error = 125 μm, Fréchet distance = 289 μm with normalized Procrustes disparity = 0.2 for live animal respectively. These results suggest that the proposed machine learning enabled sensor system can be an effective tool for measuring in situ brain deformation.
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Lee K, Kim S, Kim A, Suh H, Hong K. Sphingolipid identification and skin barrier recovery capacity of a milk sphingolipid‐enriched fraction (MSEF) from buttermilk powder. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:270-276. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Pinsino A, Jennings D, Mahoney I, Sweat A, Kim A, Mondellini G, Farhana L, Restaino S, Habal M, Farr M, Faillace R, Takeda K, Naka Y, Demmer R, Radhakrishnan J, Colombo P, Yuzefpolskaya M. Serum Cystatin C versus Creatinine Based Assessment of Renal Function in Heart Transplant Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Braghieri L, Mondellini G, Javaid A, Kim A, Fried J, Masoumi A, Topkara V, Antler K, Sayer G, Uriel N, Takayama H, Naka Y, Takeda K, Colombo P, Yuzefpolskaya M. Upfront RVAD Strategy and Early Clinical Outcomes in LVAD Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Kim A, Lynskey G, DeMulder D, Krishnan P, Kallakury B, Cohen E. 4:03 PM Abstract No. 234 Prospective pilot evaluation testing the safety and efficacy of the surefire infusion system for delivery of drug-eluting embolic transarterial chemoembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Banda A, Cohen E, Lynskey G, Fernandez S, Hsu C, Kim A. 4:12 PM Abstract No. 325 Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt improves liver function in patients with alcohol-induced cirrhosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Banda A, Lynskey G, Cohen E, Hsu C, Kim A. 3:36 PM Abstract No. 251 MELD and ALBI score correlation increases with time following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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98
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Choi W, Lee C, Kim A, Choi J, Seo S, Lee J, Pyo H, Kwon YJ. CAPD Peritonitis Due to Brevundimonas vesicularis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080602600421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kim A, Lee SK, Parupudi T, Rahimi R, Song SH, Park MC, Islam S, Zhou J, Majumdar AK, Park JS, Yoo JM, Ziaie B. An Ultrasonically Powered Implantable Microprobe for Electrolytic Ablation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1510. [PMID: 32001732 PMCID: PMC6992771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrolytic ablation (EA) is a promising nonthermal tumor ablation technique that destroys malignant cells through induction of a locoregional pH change. EA is typically performed by inserting needle electrodes inside the tumor followed by application of direct current (DC), thus inducing electrolysis and creating localized pH changes around the electrodes. In this paper, we report an ultrasonically powered implantable EA microprobe that may increase the clinical relevance of EA by allowing wireless control over device operation (capability to remotely turn the device on and off) and providing flexibility in treatment options (easier to administer fractionated doses over a longer period). The wireless EA microprobe consists of a millimeter-sized piezoelectric ultrasonic receiver, a rectifier circuit, and a pair of platinum electrodes (overall size is 9 × 3 × 2 mm3). Once implanted through a minimally invasive procedure, the microprobe can stay within a solid tumor and be repeatedly used as needed. Ultrasonic power allows for efficient power delivery to mm-scale devices implanted deep within soft tissues of the body. The microprobe is capable of producing a direct current of 90 µA at a voltage of 5 V across the electrodes under low-intensity ultrasound (~200 mW/cm2). The DC power creates acidic (pH < 2) and alkaline (pH > 12.9) regions around the anode and the cathode, respectively. The pH change, measured using tissue-mimicking agarose gel, extends to 0.8 cm3 in volume within an hour at an expansion rate of 0.5 mm3/min. The microprobe-mediated EA ablative capability is demonstrated in vitro in cancer cells and ex vivo in mouse liver.
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Ong C, Hutch M, Barra M, Kim A, Zafar S, Smirnakis S. Effects of Osmotic Therapy on Pupil Reactivity: Quantification Using Pupillometry in Critically Ill Neurologic Patients. Neurocrit Care 2020; 30:307-315. [PMID: 30298336 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-018-0620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osmotic therapy is a critical component of medical management for cerebral edema. While up to 90% of neurointensivists report using these treatments, few quantitative clinical measurements guide optimal timing, dose, or administration frequency. Its use is frequently triggered by a qualitative assessment of neurologic deterioration and/or pupil size, and anecdotally appears to improve pupil asymmetry suggestive of uncal herniation. However, subjective pupil assessment has poor reliability, making it difficult to detect or track subtle changes. We hypothesized that osmotic therapy reproducibly improves quantitative pupil metrics. METHODS We included patients at two centers who had recorded quantitative pupil measurements within 2 h before and after either 20% mannitol or 23.4% hypertonic saline in the neurosciences intensive care unit. The primary outcome was the Neurologic Pupil Index (NPi), a composite metric ranging from 0 to 5 in which > 3 is considered normal. Secondary outcomes included pupil size, percent change, constriction and dilation velocity, and latency. Results were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Chi-square and multi-level linear regression to control for other edema-reducing interventions. RESULTS Out of 72 admissions (403 paired pupil observations), NPi significantly differed within 2 h of osmotic therapy when controlling for other commonly used interventions in our whole cohort (β = 0.08, p = 0.0168). The effect was most pronounced (β = 0.57) in patients with abnormal NPi prior to intervention (p = 0.0235). CONCLUSIONS Pupil reactivity significantly improves after osmotic therapy in a heterogenous critically ill population when controlling for various other interventions. Future work is necessary to determine dose-dependent effects and clinical utility.
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