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Pun SB, Nakagomi T, Sherchand JB, Pandey BD, Cuevas LE, Cunliffe NA, Hart C, Nakagomi O. Detection of G12 human rotaviruses in Nepal. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13:482-4. [PMID: 17552107 PMCID: PMC2725908 DOI: 10.3201/eid1303.061367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Of 731 stool specimens collected from children with diarrhea in Kathmandu, Nepal, from August 2004 through July 2005, 170 (23.3%) tested positive for rotavirus. Reverse transcription-PCR, including a revised G12-specific primer set, identified 56 (32.9%) as G2P[4] and 39 (23.0%) as G12 with P[6], P[8], or P[4].
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77
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Chen Y, Halliday D, Dove W, Kaplan N, Cummerson J, Abu-Zeid A, Shamoon H, Abd-Eldayem S, Hart C, Flanagan B. 22 Interleukin 17 (IL-17) Expression During Acute Respiratory Viral Infection in Infants. Cytokine 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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78
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Sass JO, Olbrich H, Mohr V, Hart C, Woldseth B, Krywawych S, Bjurulf B, Lakhani PK, Buchdahl RM, Omran H. NEUROLOGICAL FINDINGS IN AMINOACYLASE 1 DEFICIENCY. Neurology 2007; 68:2151-3. [PMID: 17562838 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000264933.56204.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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79
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Fothergill J, Hart C, Panagea S, Walshaw M, Pitt T, Winstanley C. 91 Variations in phenotype and virulence amongst isolates of a cystic fibrosis epidemic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Cyst Fibros 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(07)60081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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80
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Fothergill J, Upton A, Walshaw M, Pitt T, Hart C, Winstanley C. 106 Development of a diagnostic multiplex PCR test for the identification of three CF epidemic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Cyst Fibros 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(07)60096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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81
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Gazi E, Hart C, Clarke N, Brown M, Lockyer N, Gardner P. 238 MONITORING UPTAKE AND METABOLISM OF AN ISOTOPICALLY LABELLED FATTY ACID IN PROSTATE CANCER CELLS USING FTIR MICROSPECTROSCOPY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(07)60237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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82
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Mozley CG, Schneider J, Cordingley L, Molineux M, Duggan S, Hart C, Stoker B, Williamson R, Lovegrove R, Cruickshank A. The care home activity project: does introducing an occupational therapy programme reduce depression in care homes? Aging Ment Health 2007; 11:99-107. [PMID: 17164164 DOI: 10.1080/13607860600637810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that depression severity in care homes for older people would be reduced by an occupational therapy programme. This was a feasibility study for a cluster randomised controlled trial and involved four intervention and four control homes in northern England. In each intervention home a registered occupational therapist worked full-time for one year delivering an individualised programme to participants. Pre- and post-intervention data for the Geriatric Mental State-Depression Scale (primary outcome measure) were obtained for 143 participants. Secondary outcomes included dependency and quality of life. No significant intervention effects were found in any of the quantitative outcome measures, though qualitative interviews showed the intervention was valued by many participants, staff and relatives. Therapist ratings and qualitative interviews suggested that the intervention was beneficial to some participants but no distinctive characteristics were found that might enable prediction of likely benefit on initial assessment. This exploratory study provides no evidence that this intervention produced benefits in terms of depression, dependency or quality of life. Lack of prior power calculations means these are not definitive findings; but numbers were sufficient to perform the required analyses and data did not suggest effects that would have reached statistical significance with a larger sample. This study highlights issues for consideration in providing such services in care homes.
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83
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Berntorp E, Shapiro A, Astermark J, Blanchette VS, Collins PW, Dimichele D, Escuriola C, Hay CRM, Hoots WK, Leissinger CA, Negrier C, Oldenburg J, Peerlinck K, Reding MT, Hart C. Inhibitor treatment in haemophilias A and B: summary statement for the 2006 international consensus conference. Haemophilia 2006; 12 Suppl 6:1-7. [PMID: 17123387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2006.01359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Participants in an international conference on the management of haemophilia patients with inhibitors developed a jointly authored summary of the findings and conclusions of the conference. Current knowledge of the genetic and immunologic mechanisms underlying inhibitor development was briefly summarized. Concerning the purported treatment-related risk factors, conference participants commented on the limitations of the available evidence and the need for more rigorous prospective research in a fully genotyped population. Other clinical considerations discussed included the unproved utility of routine surveillance, the need for assay standardization, the management of acute bleeding and approaches to joint disease prophylaxis and immune tolerance induction (ITI). A number of issues were identified as needing further investigation in larger prospective studies, ideally through international cooperation. Such studies should enroll cohorts that have been scrupulously defined in terms of mutation status and treatment exposure. Finally, conference participants urged their colleagues to participate in the currently ongoing international trials of ITI.
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84
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Mannino DM, Watt G, Hole D, Gillis C, Hart C, McConnachie A, Davey Smith G, Upton M, Hawthorne V, Sin DD, Man SFP, Van Eeden S, Mapel DW, Vestbo J. The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2006; 27:627-43. [PMID: 16507865 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.06.00024605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA, and it remains one of the few diseases that continues to increase its numbers. The development and progression of COPD can vary dramatically between individuals. A low level of lung function remains the cornerstone of COPD diagnosis and is a key predictor of prognosis. Lung function, however, is not the only factor in determining morbidity and mortality related to COPD, with factors such as body mass index, exercise capability and comorbid disease being important predictors of poor outcomes. Exacerbations of COPD are additional important indicators of both quality of life and outcomes in COPD patients. Definitions of exacerbations can vary, ranging from an increase in symptoms to COPD-related hospitalisations and death. COPD exacerbations are more common in patients with lower levels of lung function and may lead to more rapid declines in lung function. Better understanding of the natural history of COPD may lead to better definitions of specific COPD phenotypes, better interventions and improved outcomes.
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85
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Ahmed HM, Coulter JBS, Nakagomi O, Hart C, Zaki JM, Al-Rabaty AA, Dove W, Cunliffe NA. Molecular characterization of rotavirus gastroenteritis strains, Iraqi Kurdistan. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12:824-6. [PMID: 16704845 PMCID: PMC3374452 DOI: 10.3201/eid1205.051422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Of 260 children with acute diarrhea in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan, 96 (37%) were infected with rotavirus. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction identified G1, G4, G2, G9, P[8], P[6], and P[4] as the most common genotypes. Eight G/P combinations were found, but P[8]G1 and P[4]G2 accounted for >50% of the strains.
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86
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Muthali C, Hart C, Zijlstra E, Beadsworth M, Chirambo T. WITHDRAWN: “Prevalence of HIV-1, hepatitis C and co-infection in blood donors at Queen Elizabeth Central Hosptital, Blantyre, Malawi”. J Infect 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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87
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Thomson A, Hart C, Carrol E, Sills J, Diver M, Makwana N, Baines P. WITHDRAWN: The role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the pathophysiology of meningococcal Disease. J Infect 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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88
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Winstanley C, Fothergill J, Panagea S, Smart C, Walshaw M, Hart C. 71 Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of a Cystic Fibrosis epidemic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Cyst Fibros 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(06)80062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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89
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Munn-Giddings C, Hart C, Ramon S. A participatory approach to the promotion of well-being in the workplace: lessons from empirical research. Int Rev Psychiatry 2005; 17:409-17. [PMID: 16194819 DOI: 10.1080/09540260500238546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Workplace stress and burnout are recognized phenomena which impact negatively on the delivery of care by health and social work organizations. In an attempt to address the negative consequences of stress in the workplace, a collaborative Participatory Action Research project (PAR), involving two large organizations, namely a Healthcare Trust and a Social Services Organization in the United Kingdom (England) was conducted. The project involved a team of professionals from Anglia Polytechnic University working with senior managers and employees of a health care organization and latterly with managers of a Social Services Organization (SSD) to develop a mental well-being strategy in each of these workplaces. This involved organizing and running of a series of five workshops in each of the two organizations and additionally surveys to determine the extent of the problem on staff and effects on their working and personal lives. An overview of the processes and reflective critique of the strengths and weaknesses of participatory action research methodology is provided. The short, medium and long-term strategies formulated by the active engagement of staff in the workshops, and the challenges in delivering and responding to these issues are carefully detailed. Recommendations are made for future collaborative work within hierarchical organizations and more importantly, the implications of delayed response to governmental policies.
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90
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Khafagy R, Stephens T, Hart C, Ramani V, Brown M, Clarke N. In vitro effects of the prenyl transferase inhibitor AZD3409 on prostate cancer epithelial cells. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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91
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Luther F, Morris DO, Hart C. Orthodontic preparation for orthognathic surgery: how long does it take and why? A retrospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 41:401-6. [PMID: 14614870 DOI: 10.1016/s0266-4356(03)00163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the duration of pre-operative orthodontic treatment of patients who had combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment and examined the variables that influenced this. Records of patients who had undergone such treatment in the past 5 years were collected (n=65) from three consultant orthodontists and one Senior Specialist Registrar/Fixed Term Training Appointment (FTTA). The number of days from placement of the first active orthodontic component to the day that final planning impressions were taken was used to calculate the duration of treatment before the patient was ready for operation. The variables investigated were: sex, age, malocclusion, extractions (excluding third molars), and the clinician. The median duration of pre-operative treatment was 17 months (range 7-47). Only the orthodontist appeared to affect this duration, but this requires further investigation as it may merely reflect variation in other factors such as compliance. We conclude that patients should be informed that the pre-operative phase may last 12-24 months.
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92
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Gazi E, Dwyer J, Lockyer NP, Miyan J, Gardner P, Hart C, Brown M, Clarke NW. Fixation protocols for subcellular imaging by synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Biopolymers 2004; 77:18-30. [PMID: 15558657 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy is a powerful bioanalytical technique for the simultaneous analysis of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and a variety of phosphorylated molecules within intact cells. SR-FTIR microspectroscopy can be used in the imaging mode to generate biospectroscopic maps of the distribution and intensity profiles of subcellular biomolecular domains at diffraction-limited spatial resolution. However, the acquisition of highly spatially resolved IR images of cells is not only a function of instrumental parameters (source brightness, sampling aperture size) but also the cell preparation method employed. Additionally, for the IR data to be biochemically relevant the cells must be preserved in a life-like state without introducing artefacts. In the present study we demonstrate, for the first time, the differences in biomolecular localizations observed in SR-FTIR images of cells fixed by formalin, formalin-critical point drying (CPD), and glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide-CPD, using the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line. We compare these SR-FTIR images of fixed cells to unfixed cells. The influence of chemical fixatives on the IR spectrum is discussed in addition to the biological significance of the observed localizations. Our experiments reveal that formalin fixation at low concentration preserves lipid, phosphate, and protein components without significantly influencing the IR spectrum of the cell.
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93
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Willing AE, Lixian J, Milliken M, Poulos S, Zigova T, Song S, Hart C, Sanchez-Ramos J, Sanberg PR. Intravenous versus intrastriatal cord blood administration in a rodent model of stroke. J Neurosci Res 2003; 73:296-307. [PMID: 12868063 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) is a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells that have been used to reconstitute immune cells and blood lineages. Cells from another hematopoietic source, bone marrow, have been found to differentiate into neural cells and are effective in the treatment of stroke. In this study, we administered hUCB cells intravenously into the femoral vein or directly into the striatum and assessed which route of cell administration produced the greatest behavioral recovery in rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). All animals were immunosuppressed with cyclosporine (CSA). When spontaneous activity was measured using the Digiscan automated system, it was found to be significantly less when hUCB was transplanted 24 hr after stroke compared with nontransplanted, stroked animals (P < 0.01). Furthermore, behavioral recovery was similar with both striatal and femoral hUCB delivery. This is in contrast to the step test, in which significant improvements were found only after femoral delivery of the hUCB cells. In the passive avoidance test, transplanted animals learned the task faster than nontransplanted animals (P < 0.05). Together, these results suggest that hUCB transplantation may be an effective treatment for brain injuries, such as stroke, or neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, intravenous delivery may be more effective than striatal delivery in producing long-term functional benefits to the stroked animal.
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94
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Berntorp E, Astermark J, Björkman S, Blanchette VS, Fischer K, Giangrande PLF, Gringeri A, Ljung RC, Manco-Johnson MJ, Morfini M, Kilcoyne RF, Petrini P, Rodriguez-Merchan EC, Schramm W, Shapiro A, van den Berg HM, Hart C. Consensus perspectives on prophylactic therapy for haemophilia: summary statement. Haemophilia 2003; 9 Suppl 1:1-4. [PMID: 12709030 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2516.9.s1.17.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Participants in an international conference on prophylactic therapy for severe haemophilia developed a consensus summary of the findings and conclusions of the conference. In the consensus, participants agreed upon revised definitions for primary and secondary prophylaxis and also made recommendations concerning the need for an international system of pharmacovigilance. Considerations on starting prophylaxis, monitoring outcomes, and individualizing treatment regimens were discussed. Several research questions were identified as needing further investigation, including when to start and when to stop prophylaxis, optimal dosing and dose interval, and methods for assessment of long-term treatment effects. Such studies should include carefully defined cohorts, validated orthopaedic and quality-of-life assessment instruments, and cost-benefit analyses.
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95
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96
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Williams N, Hunt D, Jones T, French N, Begon M, Bennett M, Hart C. 109. Antibiotic resistance in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) and wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). Res Vet Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(02)90113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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97
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Wangeci G, Ashford R, Kamwati S, Cuevas L, Hart C, Beeching N. Molecular analysis of the 18s rRNA gene fragment of cryptosporidium parasites from persons with or without. J Infect 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(02)90381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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98
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Gray K, French N, Gilks C, Whitworth J, Hart C. Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Cryptococcus neoformans in Entebbe, Uganda. J Infect 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(02)90325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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99
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Macleod J, Davey Smith G, Heslop P, Metcalfe C, Carroll D, Hart C. Limitations of adjustment for reporting tendency in observational studies of stress and self reported coronary heart disease. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56:76-7. [PMID: 11801624 PMCID: PMC1732012 DOI: 10.1136/jech.56.1.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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100
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McConnachie A, Hunt K, Emslie C, Hart C, Watt G. "Unwarranted survivals" and "anomalous deaths" from coronary heart disease: prospective survey of general population. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 2001; 323:1487-91. [PMID: 11751367 PMCID: PMC61054 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.323.7327.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess survival in people who are at apparent high risk who do not develop coronary heart disease ("unwarranted survivals") and mortality in people at low risk who die from the disease ("anomalous deaths") and the extent to which these outcomes are explained by other, less visible, risk factors. DESIGN Prospective general population survey. SETTING Renfrew and Paisley, Scotland. PARTICIPANTS 6068 men aged 45-64 years at screening in 1972-6, allocated to "visible" risk groups on the basis of body mass index and smoking. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Survival and death from coronary heart disease by age 70 years. RESULTS Visible risk was a good predictor of mortality: 13% (45) of men at low risk and 45% (86) of men at high risk had died by age 70 years. Of these deaths, 12 (4%) and 44 (23%), respectively, were from coronary heart disease. In the group at low visible risk other less visible risk factors accounted for increased risk in 83% (10/12) of men who died from coronary heart disease and 29% (84/292) of men who survived. In the high risk group 81/107 who survived (76%) and 19/44 (43%) who died from coronary heart disease had lower risk after other factors were considered. Different risk factors modified risk (beyond smoking and body mass index) in the two groups. Among men at low visible risk, poor respiratory function, diabetes, previous coronary heart disease, and socioeconomic deprivation modified risk. Among men at high visible risk, height and cholesterol concentration modified risk. CONCLUSIONS Differences in survival between these extreme risk groups are dramatic. Health promotion messages would be more credible if they discussed anomalies and the limits of prediction of coronary disease at an individual level.
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