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Lee ES, Liu G, Schwartz FW, Kim Y, Ibaraki M. Model-based evaluation of controlled-release systems in the remediation of dissolved plumes in groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 72:165-173. [PMID: 18377947 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Controlled-release, semi-passive reactive barrier systems have been recently developed as a long-term treatment option for controlling the spread of contaminant plumes in groundwater. This paper describes a new computer code, and applies it to study coupled processes of solute release, reaction, and mass transport in an in situ remediation scheme using the controlled release of potassium permanganate. Confidence with the modeling approach was developed by model verifications and simulating results of a pilot-scale test-cell experiment. Sensitivity analyses indicated the possibilities of treatment inefficiencies due to inability of transverse dispersion to mix the permanganate (MnO(4)(-)) within the zone of reaction, fluctuations in source strength due to variations in flow velocity, and the small length of treatment zone due to strong soil utilization of MnO(4)(-). Although problems associated with the fluctuating source strength and strong soil utilization can be addressed by optimizing the release rate, the inefficiency of transverse dispersion to create mixing could pose a serious limitation. Through a series of model simulations, a system of injection/withdrawal wells in a doublet arrangement was developed to facilitate lateral spreading and mixing of MnO(4)(-). A well-mixed, stable MnO(4)(-) zone with predetermined size (DxL=8m x 2m) and concentration ranges (1.5-20 mg l(-1)) was created by four 1-day injection/withdrawal pumping periods over 24 d. This type of mixing zone may persist for many years with periodic well mixing and replacements of exhausted controlled-release forms. Coupled use of the generalized code with field hydrologic data will help to optimize the design and operation of controlled-release systems in practice.
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Hwang YP, Han EH, Choi JH, Kim HG, Lee KJ, Jeong TC, Lee ES, Jeong HG. Chemopreventive effects of Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-inducible genotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 228:343-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim K, Park S, Lee JS, Lee ES, Kim J. 1‐Furan‐2‐yl‐3‐Pyridin‐2‐yl‐Propenone inhibits TNF‐¥á‐induced intestinal inflammation via suppression of MCP‐1 and IL‐8 expressions in HT‐29 human colon epithelial cells. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.2_supplement.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lee ES, Woo NC, Schwartz FW, Lee BS, Lee KC, Woo MH, Kim JH, Kim HK. Characterization of controlled-release KMnO4 (CRP) barrier system for groundwater remediation: a pilot-scale flow-tank study. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 71:902-910. [PMID: 18207217 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Release and spreading of permanganate (MnO(4)(-)) in the well-based controlled-release potassium permanganate (KMnO(4)) barrier system (CRP system) was investigated by conducting column release tests, model simulations, soil oxidant demand (SOD) analyses, and pilot-scale flow-tank experiments. A large flow tank (L x W x D=8m x 4m x 3m) was constructed. Pilot-scale CRP pellets (OD x L=0.05 m x1.5m; n=110) were manufactured by mixing approximately 198 kg of KMnO(4) powders with paraffin wax and silica sands in cylindrical moulds. The CRP system (L x W x D=3m x 4m x 1.5m) comprising 110 delivery wells in three discrete barriers was constructed in the flow tank. Natural sands (organic carbon content=0.18%; SOD=3.7-11 g MnO(4)(-)kg(-1)) were used as porous media. Column release tests and model simulations indicated that the CRP system could continuously release MnO(4)(-) over several years, with slowly decreasing release rates of 2.5 kg d(-1) (day one), 109 g d(-1) (day 100), 58 g d(-1) (year one), 22 g d(-1) (year five), and 12 g d(-1) (year 10). Mean MnO(4)(-) concentrations within the CRP system ranged from 0.5 to 6 mg l(-1) during the 42 days of testing period. The continuously releasing MnO(4)(-) was gradually removed by SOD limiting the length of MnO(4)(-) zone in the porous media. These data suggested that the CRP system could create persistent and confined oxidation zone in the subsurface. Through development of advanced tools for describing agent transport and facilitating lateral agent spreading, the CRP system could provide new approach for long-term in situ treatment of contaminant plumes in groundwater.
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Kitzmann AS, Baratz KH, Mohney BG, Pulido JS, Cameron JD, Lee ES, Leof EB. Histologic studies of the intraocular toxicity of imatinib mesylate in rabbits. Eye (Lond) 2008; 22:712-4. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6703092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Jahng KC, Kim SI, Kim DH, Seo CS, Son JK, Lee SH, Lee ES, Jahng Y. One-Pot Synthesis of Simple Alkaloids: 2,3-Polymethylene-4(3 H)-quinazolinones, Luotonin A, Tryptanthrin, and Rutaecarpine. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:607-9. [PMID: 18379119 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lee ES, Won HJ, Yoo SW, Seok HA, Cha KR. AC-015 Effect of laser-assisted hatching in patients with poor prognosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Seo J, Park JS, Nam JH, Bang D, Sohn S, Lee ES, Park KS. Association of CD94/NKG2A, CD94/NKG2C, and its ligand HLA-E polymorphisms with Behcet's disease. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2007; 70:307-13. [PMID: 17767552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory CD94/NKG2A and activating CD94/NKG2C receptors are expressed on natural killer, CD4, and CD8 T cells and recognize human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E, resulting in the modulation of cytotoxic activity and cytokine production. An imbalance in cytotoxic activity and cytokine production has been implicated in Behcet's disease (BD). The results of this study showed that the NKG2A c.-4258*C, c.338-90*G, and CD94 c.-134*T alleles (P= 0.015, OR = 0.8; P < 0.0001, OR = 0.5; and P= 0.034, OR = 0.8, respectively) were associated with decreased risk and that NKG2A c.284-67_-62del, c.1077*C, and the activating receptor, NKG2C c.305*T were not associated with 345 patients with BD. But a significant difference in NKG2C c.305*T was detected among BD patients with ocular lesions and arthritis (P < 0.0001, OR = 2.1 and P= 0.0001, OR = 1.8, respectively). We already showed in our previous research that HLA-E*0101 also appears to contribute to a reduction in risk through the inhibitory CD94/NKG2A-mediated immune response. This result led us to the analyses of the combined risk of the HLA-E and the NKG2A for BD. Individuals harboring HLA-E*0101, NKG2A c.-4258*C, and c.338-90*G evidenced a reduced risk of BD compared with healthy controls (21.1% vs 40.1%, P < 0.0001, OR = 0.4). By way of contrast, individuals without the HLA-E*0101, NKG2A c.-4258*C, and c.338-90*G alleles evidenced a twofold increased risk of BD (P= 0.014, OR = 2.0). Individuals without HLA-E*0101, NKG2A c.-4258*G/*G, and c.338-90*G evidenced a 4.8-fold increase in BD risk (P= 0.0002, OR = 4.8). Although the effects of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) remain unclear, our results indicate that the SNPs of the inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A and its haplotypes, as well as its ligand HLA-E, are associated with BD immune systems.
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Chun KW, Kang HJ, Han SK, Lee ES, Chang H, Kim SB, Kim WK. Anatomy of the alar lobule in the Asian nose. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2007; 61:400-7. [PMID: 17766205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2007.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide details of the unique anatomical features on the alar lobule region in the Asian nose. METHODS We hypothesized that the shape of the alar lobule is dependent on its anatomy. The alar lobules were classified into flared type and straight type depending on their gross prominence and roundness. A total of 20 fresh cadaver noses (10 of each type) were dissected. Anatomical differences between the flared and straight types were investigated by gross and histologic studies. RESULTS The alar lobule consisted of three layers; external skin, muscle, and vestibular skin. The dilator naris anterior and dilator naris posterior muscles were well developed in the flared type alar lobules, whereas they were poorly developed in the straight type. The insertion of the dilator naris posterior muscle in the flared type was found to extend more anteriorly to the middle of alar lobule as well as to the alar base, whereas in the straight type the insertion was limited to the alar base only. External skin at the lateral end of the flared type was thicker than of the straight type. No significant differences were seen in other structures of the alar lobule region. CONCLUSIONS The gross appearance of the alar lobule is mainly affected by the volume of the dilator naris anterior muscle, the insertion of the dilator naris posterior muscle, and the thickness of the external skin at the lateral end of the alar circumference.
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Lee ES, Schwartz FW. Characterization and optimization of long-term controlled release system for groundwater remediation: a generalized modeling approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 69:247-53. [PMID: 17553542 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A well-based reactive barrier system using controlled-release KMnO4 has been recently developed as a long-term in situ treatment option for plumes of dense and non-aqueous phase liquids in groundwater. In order to take advantage of the merits of controlled release systems (CRS) in environmental remediation, the release behavior needs to be optimized for the hydrologic and environmental conditions of target treatment zone. Where release systems are expected to be operated over long times, like for the reactive barriers, it may only be practical to describe the long-term behavior numerically. We developed a numerical model capable of describing release characteristics associated with variable forms and structures of long-term CRS. Sensitivity analyses and illustrative simulations showed that the release kinetics and durations would be constrained by changes in agent solubility, bulk diffusion coefficients, or structures of the release devices. The generality of the numerical model was demonstrated through simulations for CRS with monolithic and double-layered matrices. The generalized model was then used for actual design and analyses of an encapsulated-matrix CRS, which can yield constant release kinetics for several years. A well-based reactive barrier system (4.05 x 10(3)m3) using the encapsulated-matrix CRS can release approximately 1.65 kg of active agent (here MnO4(-)) daily over the next 6.6 yr, creating prolonged reaction zone in the subsurface. The generalized model-based, target-specific approach using the long-term CRS could provide practical tool for improving the efficacy of advanced in situ remediation schemes such as in situ chemical oxidation, bioremediation, or in situ redox manipulation. Development of techniques for adjusting the bulk diffusion coefficients of the release matrices and facilitating the lateral spreading of the released agent is warranted.
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Lee SK, Lee DJ, Jeong H, Bista SR, Kang MJ, Lee ES, Son JK, Nam DH, Chang HW, Lee SH, Jahng Y, Jeong TC. Hepatotoxic and immunotoxic effects produced by 1,3-dibromopropane and its conjugation with glutathione in female BALB/c mice. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2007; 70:1381-90. [PMID: 17654258 DOI: 10.1080/15287390701434489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To determine a possible role of glutathione (GSH) conjugation in 1,3-dibromopropane (1,3-DBP)-induced hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity, female BALB/c mice were treated orally with 1,3-DBP. Based on the liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) analyses, two forms of S-bromopropyl GSH were observed at m/z 427.9 and 429.9 in the positive ESI spectrum with a retention time of 5.29 and 5.23 min, respectively. Following single treatment of mice with 150, 300 or 600 mg/kg 1,3-DBP for 12 hr, the amount of S-bromopropyl GSH was detected maximally in liver homogenates at 600 mg/kg 1,3-DBP. Hepatic GSH levels were significantly decreased by treatment with 1,3-DBP. In a time course study, production of S-bromopropyl GSH rose maximally 6 hr after treatment and decreased gradually thereafter. The liver weights were significantly increased by treatment with 600 mg/kg 1,3-DBP. When mice were treated orally with 600 mg/kg 1,3-DBP for 12 hr, the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were increased by 365- and 83-fold. In addition, oral 1,3-DBP significantly suppressed the antibody response to a T-dependent antigen at 600 mg/kg 1,3-DBP. 1,3-DBP elevated hepatic levels of malondialdehyde and suppressed the activities of some hepatic enzymes involved in anti-oxidation. Taken together, the formation of GSH conjugate with 1,3-DBP may deplete cellular GSH and, subsequently, produce hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity via damage to the cellular anti-oxidative system.
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Shanmugam S, Lee ES, Jeong TC, Yong CS, Choi HG, Woo JS, Yoo BK. The effect of 1-furan-2-yl-3-pyridine-2-yl-propenone on pharmacokinetic parameters of warfarin. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:898-904. [PMID: 17703744 DOI: 10.1007/bf02978843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1-Furan-2-yl-3-pyridine-2-yl-propenone (FPP-3) is an investigatory drug which has a dual inhibitory action on cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). We examined its effect on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin. Three consecutive days of pretreatment with 17 mg/kg of FPP-3 had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of warfarin when orally administered to rats. A higher dosage of FPP-3 however, did cause significant changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of wafarin. The cytochrome P450 activity test demonstrated that the metabolism of R-warfarin was significantly inhibited by FPP-3 while there was little or no inhibition of the metabolism of S-warfarin, which is mainly responsible for its anticoagulant effect. Therefore, it appears that the alteration in the pharmacokinetic parameters of warfarin was due to the inhibitory effect of FPP-3 on the metabolism of R-warfarin. Although there was a significant increase in the plasma concentration, the area under the curve, half life of warfarin, and prothrombin time were not significantly changed. Based on these findings, the pharmacokinetic drug interaction between FPP-3 and warfarin mainly involves R-warfarin and, therefore, this interaction may not be of clinical significance in terms of warfarin-related toxicity.
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Abstract
Sporadic sclerotic fibroma (SF) and solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) arising in the oral cavity are very rare. In this report, we describe two cases of oral pathology, one involving SF and the other involving SFT. Both cases presented with well- circumscribed, firm nodules with similar gross findings. However, the histologic findings of the SF and SFT showed rather distinct features. The SF was composed of hyalinized sclerotic collagen bundles arranged in a whorled pattern, whereas the SFT was formed by spindles cells arranged in hypo- and hypercellular areas. The immunohistochemical findings were similar in both cases; there was positivity for vimentin, CD34, and CD99, but bcl-2 positivity was only seen in the SFT. Although their histopathologies are similar, SF and SFT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors in the oral cavity.
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Lee SK, Jeong HG, Lee ES, Jeong TC. Metabolism of FPP-3, an anti-inflammatory propenone compound, in rat by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:967-71. [PMID: 17473444 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1-Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone (FPP-3) is an anti-inflammatory agent with a propenone moiety. Following a single intravenous injection of male Sprague-Dawley rats with 4 mg/kg of FPP-3, three different metabolites of FPP-3 were identified as M1 (1-furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-one), M2 (1-furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-ol) and M3 (a glucuronide conjugate of M2) in rat urine by a liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The structures of M1 and M2 were the same as observed previously following the incubation of rat liver microsomes with FPP-3 in the presence of NADPH. Although all metabolites of FPP-3 were identified in rat urine, only M1 and M2 were observed in the bile and feces. In addition, FPP-3 and its metabolites were mostly excreted into the urine. The M3 was identified as a glucuronide conjugate of M2 because of the addition of 176 Da from the protonated molecular ion of M2 in MS(2) and because of the production of free M2 following an incubation of urine with beta-glucuronidase. From these studies, a possible metabolic fate of FPP-3 could be proposed in vivo.
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Eun SH, Ha KS, Je BK, Lee ES, Choi BM, Lee JH, Eun BL, Yoo KH. The first Korean case of Beare-Stevenson syndrome with a Tyr375Cys mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene. J Korean Med Sci 2007; 22:352-6. [PMID: 17449949 PMCID: PMC2693607 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2007.22.2.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the first case of a Korean infant with a cloverleaf-shaped craniosynostosis, in which the diagnosis of Beare-Stevenson syndrome was suspected upon observation of the typical morphological features. This infant exhibited craniofacial anomalies, ocular proptosis, cutis gyrata, acanthosis nigricans, prominent umbilical stump, furrowed palms and soles, hypospadia, and sacral skin tag coupled with dermal sinus tract. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the patient also had non-communicating hydrocephalus with Chiari malformation. This is the 8th report of Beare-Stevenson syndrome in the literature, which was confirmed by the detection of a Tyr375Cys mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene.
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Motiur Rahman A, Jeong BS, Kim DH, Park JK, Lee ES, Jahng Y. A facile synthesis of α,α′-bis(substituted-benzylidene)-cycloalkanones and substituted-benzylidene heteroaromatics: utility of NaOAc as a catalyst for aldol-type reaction. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lee ES, Schwartz FW. Characteristics and applications of controlled-release KMnO4 for groundwater remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 66:2058-66. [PMID: 17140635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) using potassium permanganate (KMnO4) has been widely used as a practical approach for remediation of groundwater contaminated by chlorinated solvents like trichloroethylene. The most common applications are active flushing schemes, which target the destruction of some contaminant source by injecting concentrated permanganate (MnO4(-)) solution into the subsurface over a short period of time. Despite many promising results, KMnO4 flushing is often frustrated by inefficiency associated with pore plugging by MnO2 and bypassing. Opportunities exist for the development of new ISCO systems based on KMnO4. The new scheme described in this paper uses controlled-release KMnO4 (CRP) as an active component in the well-based reactive barrier system. This scheme operates to control spreading of a dissolved contaminant plume. Prototype CRP was manufactured by dispersing fine KMnO4 granules in liquid crystal polymer resin matrix. Scanning electron microscope data verified the formation of micro-scale (ID=20-200 microm) secondary capillary permeability through which MnO4(-) is released by a reaction-diffusion process. Column and numerical simulation data indicated that the CRP could deliver MnO4(-) in a controlled manner for several years without replenishment. A proof-of-concept flow-tank experiment and model simulations suggested that the CRP scheme could potentially be developed as a practical approach for in situ remediation of contaminated aquifers. This scheme may be suitable for remediation of sites where accessibility is limited or some low-concentration contaminant plume is extensive. Development of delivery systems that can facilitate lateral spreading and mixing of MnO4(-) with the contaminant plume is warranted.
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Park KS, Park JS, Nam JH, Bang D, Sohn S, Lee ES. HLA-E*0101 and HLA-G*010101 reduce the risk of Behcet's disease. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2007; 69:139-44. [PMID: 17257316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E and -G molecules have previously been shown to inhibit natural killer- and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated cell lysis and have also been shown to prevent the proliferation of CD4 T cells and secrete cytokines that appear to be important in the modulation of the Behcet's disease (BD) immune systems. Polymorphisms in the HLA-E and HLA-G genes have been associated with differential expression and function. Thus, we conducted an analysis of the HLA-E and HLA-G alleles using Amplification Refractory Mutation System-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques in a study comprising 312 patients with BD and 486 controls. The HLA-E*0101 and HLA-G*010101 alleles were associated with a reduced risk of BD (P = 0.0002, odds ratio (OR) = 0.7 and P = 0.002, OR = 0.7, respectively). By way of contrast, the variants HLA-E*010302, HLA-G*010102, G*0105N alleles and 3741_3754ins14bp were all associated with an increased risk of BD (P < 0.0001, OR = 1.6; P = 0.002, OR = 1.8; P = 0.024, OR = 2.0 and P = 0.003, OR = 1.4, respectively). Individuals carrying both the HLA-E*0101 and the HLA-G*010101 alleles evidenced significantly lower frequency in the patients than in the controls (35.6% vs 49.6%; P < 0.0001, OR = 0.6). These results indicate that variant HLA-E and HLA-G molecules appear to function independently and synergistically, increasing the risk of BD, and may result in an imbalance of lymphocytic functions, which may culminate in the development of BD.
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Roh JY, Kee SH, Choi JW, Lee JH, Lee JH, Lee ES, Kim YS. Expression of class II ?-tubulin in non-melanoma cutaneous tumors. J Cutan Pathol 2007; 34:166-73. [PMID: 17244029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2006.00583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different combinations of beta-tubulin isotypes contribute to the diverse functions of microtubules (MTs). Class II beta-tubulin (class II tubulin) is up-regulated in differentiated keratinocytes. In contrast, the expression of class II tubulin in follicular differentiation and cutaneous tumors has not been studied. METHODS The immunohistochemical expression of class II tubulin was investigated in 117 cutaneous tumors: 30 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), seven keratoacanthomas (KAs), 57 basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), 23 trichoepitheliomas (TEs), and in the adjacent non-neoplastic skin. RESULTS Class II tubulin was expressed in the keratinocytes of the granular layer, melanocytes, hair cortical and cuticular cells, inner root sheath (IRS), companion layer (CL) of the outer root sheath (ORS), and mesenchymal cells with Schwannian or myogenic differentiation. Moreover, class II tubulin expression was increased in the areas of squamous or follicular differentiation in cutaneous tumors. On grading the follicular differentiation or myofibroblastic response with anti-class II tubulin, TE showed follicular differentiation more frequently (p < 0.001) with less of a myofibroblastic response (p = 0.001) than BCC. CONCLUSIONS Class II tubulin expression is closely related to squamous or follicular differentiation and may be helpful in distinguishing most SCCs from KAs and BCC from TE. However, it does not reliably distinguish well-differentiated, crateriform SCC from KA.
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Lee SK, Jeon TW, Kim YB, Lee ES, Jeong HG, Jeong TC. Role of glutathione conjugation in the hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity induced by 1-bromopropane in female BALB/c mice. J Appl Toxicol 2007; 27:358-67. [PMID: 17265426 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
1-Bromopropane (1-BP) is used as a cleaning agent or adhesive solvent in the workplace. In the present study, the hepatotoxic and immunotoxic effects of 1-bromopropane and its conjugation with glutathione (GSH) were investigated in female BALB/c mice. The animals were treated orally with 200, 500 and 1000 mg kg(-1) of 1-BP in corn oil for a dose response study or treated orally with 1000 mg kg(-1) of 1-BP for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h for a time course study. The hepatic and splenic contents of GSH were significantly decreased by 1-BP in a dose-dependent manner. S-propyl GSH was identified in livers following treatment with 1-BP by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. When the production of conjugates from 1-BP was investigated in livers following oral treatment with 1000 mg kg(-1) of 1-BP for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, the GSH conjugates were detected maximally 6 h after treatment. Treatment of mice with 1-BP increased the serum activity of alanine aminotransferase dose-dependently. The oral 1-BP treatment significantly suppressed the antibody response to a T-dependent antigen and the production of splenic intracellular IL-2 in response to Con A in a dose-dependent manner. The present results suggested that 1-BP could cause hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity as well as depletion of GSH content due to the formation of GSH conjugates.
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Xu ML, Choi JY, Jeong BS, Li G, Lee KR, Lee CS, Woo MH, Lee ES, Jahng Y, Chang HW, Lee SH, Son JK. Cytotoxic constituents isolated from the fruit bodies ofHypsizigus marmoreus. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:28-33. [PMID: 17328239 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The bioactivity-guided fractionation of chloroform extracts of the fruit bodies of Hypsizigus marmoreus led to our isolation of (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol (1), ergosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3beta-ol (3), hypsiziprenol A9 (4), hypsiziprenol AA8 (5), hypsiziprenol AA9 (6) and hypsiziprenol BA10 (7). Among these seven isolates, compound 2 was identified for the first time from this plant. All compounds (1-7) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity towards cultured human colon carcinoma (HT-29), human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and human hepatoblastoma (HepG-2) cell lines.
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97
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Xu ML, Zheng MS, Lee YK, Moon DC, Lee CS, Woo MH, Jeong BS, Lee ES, Jahng Y, Chang HW, Lee SH, Son JK. A new stilbene glucoside from the roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:946-51. [PMID: 17146961 DOI: 10.1007/bf02969276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
One new stilbene glucoside (6), along with five known compounds (1-5), were isolated from the roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thumb., and their chemical structures established based on physicochemical and spectroscopic data. Of the compounds, compound 3 showed DNA topoisomerase I and II inhibitory activities.
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98
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Jung NH, Kim T, Kim HJ, Lee KW, Lee NW, Lee ES. Ovarian sclerosing stromal tumor presenting as Meigs' syndrome with elevated CA-125. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2006; 32:619-22. [PMID: 17100828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2006.00466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Meigs' syndrome caused by sclerosing stromal tumor is extremely rare and only two cases have been reported to date. An elevated serum level of CA-125 is also unusual and it has been thought that it is the consequence of physical irritation and inflammation. In this report, we present the case of a 50-year-old postmenopausal woman with a sclerosing stromal tumor presenting with Meigs' syndrome and an elevated CA-125 level (1476.8 IU/mL). This case highlights the difficulty in discerning the diagnosis of Meigs' syndrome from that of an ovarian malignancy and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis in postmenopausal patients with pelvic mass, ascites, pleural effusions and elevated serum CA-125.
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99
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Lee SK, Jeon TW, Basnet A, Jeong HG, Lee ES, Jeong TC. Identification of 1-furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone, an anti-inflammatory agent, and its metabolites in rat liver subcellular fractions. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:984-9. [PMID: 17146967 DOI: 10.1007/bf02969282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1-Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone (FPP-3) has been characterized to have an anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In the present studies, the phase 1 metabolism of FPP-3 was investigated in rat liver microsomes and cytosols. When FPP-3 was incubated with rat liver microsomes and cytosols in the presence of NADPH, 2 major peaks were detected on a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Two metabolites (i.e., M1 and M2) were characterized as reduced forms on propenone: M1 (1-furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-one) was the initial metabolite and M2 (1-furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propan-l-ol) was a secondary alcohol believed to be formed from M1.
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100
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Ahn SH, Park BW, Noh DY, Nam SJ, Lee ES, Lee MK, Kim SH, Lee KM, Park SM, Yun YH. Health-related quality of life in disease-free survivors of breast cancer with the general population. Ann Oncol 2006; 18:173-182. [PMID: 17030550 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdl333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most of the literature about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) focuses on breast cancer patients, few studies compared the HRQoL in disease-free breast cancer survivors with that of the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We administered the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and Quality of Life Questionnaire Breast Cancer Module, McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Brief Fatigue Inventory to 1933 disease-free survivors for over 1 year after being diagnosed with stage 0 to III breast cancer. We performed multivariate-adjusted analyses in all HRQoL comparisons. RESULTS The scores for some health-related quality of life [corrected] HRQoL scales were comparable for both disease-free breast cancer survivors and the general female population, but [corrected] there was a [corrected] clinically significant difference between the two groups [corrected] in cognitive and social functioning, fatigue, insomnia, financial difficulties, body image, future perspective, breast symptoms, and arm symptoms. [corrected] CONCLUSIONS Disease-free survivors of breast cancer had good HRQoL, which was less affected by the type of treatment than it was by demographic characteristics, time since surgery, comorbidity, fatigue, and depression.
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