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Tanigawa T, Gotoh M, Nagano H, Ota H, Fukuzaki T, Sakon M, Monden M. Injection of mitomycin-C-treated spleen cells induces donor-specific unresponsiveness to cardiac allografts in rats. Transplantation 1999; 67:653-8. [PMID: 10096518 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199903150-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, preoperative mitomycin-C- (MMC) treated donor-specific transfusion (DST) was examined for its ability to induce unresponsiveness to cardiac allografts in rats. METHODS DA (RT1a) rats were used as donors, BUF (RT1b) or WS (RT1k) rats as recipients, and Lew (RT1l) rats as third party donors. BUF or WS rats were given i.v. injection of DA spleen cells (SPCs) suspension (5x10(7)/l ml) with or without MMC treatment 10 days before cardiac transplantation. Delayed-type hypersensitivity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays were carried out in these animals separately to examine in vivo immunosuppressive effect. Suppressor assay was also examined to determine in vitro immunosuppressive effects in allogeneic mixed leukocyte culture. RESULTS In the full allogeneic DA-to-BUF rat strain combination, preoperative i.v. administration of MMC-treated donor SPCs led to a significant prolongation of graft survival over the control (110+/-66 versus 7.2+/-0.8 days: P<0.01), although administration of nontreated donor SPCs did not (9.3+/-1.0 days). This beneficial effect of MMC treatment was also seen in the DA-to-WS rat combination (31+/-16 days versus donor-specific transfusion alone; 11+/-1.5 days or untreated control; 12+/-1.5 days; P<0.05). However, injection of third party DA SPCs in the Lew-to-BUF combination induced no significant prolongation of cardiac allograft survival compared with the untreated control (11+/-0.6 versus 11+/-2.0 days; NS), indicating that this prolongation effect was induced in an antigen-specific manner. The immunosuppressive effect was also secured for both delayed-type hypersensitivity response and anti-donor cytotoxic antibody production. Moreover, addition of MMC-treated SPCs to mixed lymphocyte culture led to antigen-specific suppression. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative i.v. injection of MMC-treated donor SPCs is promising for inducing unresponsiveness in rat cardiac allograft model.
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Umeshita K, Gotoh M, Shimizu J, Takeda Y, Nagano H, Dono K, Nakamori S, Sakon M, Okamura J, Monden M. Evaluation of patient selection criteria for liver transplantation: eight-year experience. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:376-7. [PMID: 10083149 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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153
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Takeda Y, Gotoh M, Dono K, Grochowiecki TR, Kimura F, Okuyama M, Shimizu J, Nagano H, Umeshita K, Sakon M, Miyasaka M, Monden M. Acceptance of islet allografts transplanted with Fas ligand expressing testicular allografts. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:624. [PMID: 10083266 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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154
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Grochowiecki T, Gotoh M, Dono K, Takeda Y, Ohzato H, Okuyama M, Shimizu J, Kimura F, He L, Nagano H, Nakamori S, Umeshita K, Sakon M, Yagita H, Okumura K, Monden M. Pretreatment of islets with mitomycin C and blockage of costimulatory signal induces unresponsiveness to islet xenografts. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:925. [PMID: 10083408 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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155
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Hayashi Y, Wang W, Ninomiya T, Nagano H, Ohta K, Itoh H. Liver enriched transcription factors and differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Pathol 1999; 52:19-24. [PMID: 10439834 PMCID: PMC395665 DOI: 10.1136/mp.52.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The development of a complex organism relies on the precise temporal and spacial expression of its genome in many different cell types. The unique phenotype of hepatocytes arises from the expression of genes in a liver specific fashion, which is controlled primarily at the level of mRNA synthesis. By analysing DNA sequences implicated in liver specific transcription, it has been possible to identify members of the nuclear proteins, such as the liver enriched transactivating factors, hepatic nuclear factor 1(HNF-1), HNF-3, HNF-4, HNF-6, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and D binding protein (DBP), which are key elements in the liver specific transcriptional regulation of genes. Each of these factors is characterised by DNA binding domains that bind to unique DNA sequences (cis-acting factors) in the promoter and enhancer regions of genes expressed in terminally differentiated hepatocytes (such as, albumin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, transthyretin, alpha-fetoprotein). The determination of the tissue distribution of these factors and analysis of their hierarchical relations has led to the hypothesis that the cooperation of liver enriched transcription factors with the ubiquitous transactivating factors is necessary, and possibly even sufficient, for the maintenance of liver specific gene transcription. With the increase in information about transcriptional regulation, it should be possible to evaluate fully the clinicopathological usefulness of transcription factors in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Nagano H, Tilney NL, Stinn JL, Becker G, Hasegawa S, Libby P, Mitchell RN. Deficiencies of IL-4 or TNF-alpha receptor-1 do not diminish graft arteriosclerosis in cardiac allografts. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:152. [PMID: 10083053 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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157
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Ota H, Gotoh M, Ohzato H, He L, Tanigawa T, Nagano H, Dono K, Takeda Y, Okuyama M, Shimizu J, Umeshita K, Nakamori S, Sakon M, Nishisho I, Monden M. Microchimerism in thymus is associated with up-regulated T helper type 1 cytokine transcription during cardiac allograft rejection in rats. Transplantation 1999; 67:165-73. [PMID: 9921814 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199901150-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrathymic microchimerism (MC) is thought to be responsible for inducing allograft tolerance. However, the role of MC in the thymus gland after transplantation, particularly in the rejection response, is unknown. We investigated serial changes in intrathymic cytokine production associated with MC and allograft rejection. METHODS Donor-specific cell injection (DSI) and heterotopic heart transplantation (HTx) were performed in the fully allogeneic combination using DA rats (RT1a) as donors and WS rats (RT1k)as recipients. MC was checked by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a donor RT1.Bbeta domain 1 region sequence-specific primers. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis of cytokine (interleukin [IL]-2, interferon-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10) profiles of the thymus was performed in animals given DSI, HTx, or DSI/HTx. RESULTS DSI alone resulted in an immediate development of MC, detected by PCR, in various organs including the thymus, spleen, liver, and blood, of most rats, lasting for over 2 months. However, DSI-induced MC selectively disappeared in the thymus on day 7 after grafting, several days before the rejection of cardiac allograft. RT-PCR analysis of cytokine profiles showed that the levels of Th1 (IL-2 and interferon-gamma) cytokines transcribed in the thymus were higher than in the spleen. MC reappeared in the thymus on day 21 after grafting, but was not associated with elevation of Th1 cytokine transcription when allograft was replaced by fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Intrathymic MC does not always confer unresponsiveness to alloantigen, but can be eliminated after anti-donor response.
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Stinn JL, Taylor MK, Becker G, Nagano H, Hasegawa S, Furakawa Y, Shimizu K, Libby P, Mitchell RN. Interferon-gamma-secreting T-cell populations in rejecting murine cardiac allografts: assessment by flow cytometry. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1998; 153:1383-92. [PMID: 9811329 PMCID: PMC1853393 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interplay between T-helper-1 (Th1) and T-helper-2 (Th2) cells is considered important in the development of acute allograft rejection and many other immune-mediated disease processes. Existing methods for evaluating expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, including reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), RNase protection assay (RPA), immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) all have limitations; alternate techniques to quantify cell populations expressing specific cytokine proteins, generate statistically analyzable data, and allow simultaneous identification of cytokine-secreting cell type are needed. To this end, we adapted a flow cytometric technique for intracellular cytokine immunofluorescence staining for use with cells isolated from solid tissue. To demonstrate the utility of the method, we determined the number of CD4+ and CD8+ cells secreting the prototypical Th1 and Th2 cytokines, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-4 in acutely rejecting murine cardiac allografts. We also measured the cytokine production via ELISA, RPA, and semiquantitative competitive RT-PCR. The number of CD4+ cells producing IFN-gamma increased as rejection proceeded, in agreement with previous data; we detected no IL-4 production at any time, although relatively low numbers of IL-10-producing cells were identified. In addition, a high percentage of CD8+ cells, which outnumber CD4+ cells at day 6 after transplant, also produce IFN-gamma, suggesting that cytotoxic lymphocytes contribute significantly to the local cytokine milieu. This new application of intracellular cytokine staining provides a powerful methodology for studying transplantation immunology. The method may also be easily adapted to the study of other immune-mediated processes.
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Nagano H, Mizutani K, Sawa K, Ozaki Y, Murakami A. Stage IV ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma treated effectively by chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin (EP). Int J Clin Oncol 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02628056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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160
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Hasegawa S, Becker G, Nagano H, Libby P, Mitchell RN. Pattern of graft- and host-specific MHC class II expression in long-term murine cardiac allografts: origin of inflammatory and vascular wall cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1998; 153:69-79. [PMID: 9665467 PMCID: PMC1852929 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In solid-tissue allografts, donor vascular cells as well as recipient inflammatory cells can express MHC class II molecules. However, it is uncertain how much residual donor endothelium persists and to what extent donor versus recipient MHC class II expression can contribute to the ongoing immune response, especially in long-term grafts. To establish the origin of class-II-expressing cells in the allograft, we evaluated the expression of donor- or recipient-specific MHC class II molecules in murine cardiac allografts. Donor hearts from BALB/c (H-2d) mice were transplanted into C57BL/6 (B6, H-2b) recipients; B6 isografts served as controls. Untreated allografts ceased functioning at approximately 7 days with severe parenchymal rejection. Allografts from recipients treated with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 MAbs after transplantation were explanted at 8 to 12 weeks and demonstrated intimal fibroproliferative lesions with a mild parenchymal mononuclear cell infiltrate. Class II expression in isografts was limited to epicardial macrophages. Both acutely rejecting and long-term allografts contained abundant macrophages expressing recipient class II molecules. Occasional cells (passenger leukocytes) in untreated, acutely rejecting allografts bore donor class II molecules; long-term allografts contained few such cells. In contrast, vascular endothelial and medial smooth muscle cells consistently expressed donor class II molecules. These results suggest that ongoing MHC class II expression in donor vascular cells, as well as in recipient macrophages, may contribute to sustained activation of host T cells with consequent release of cytokines that ultimately promote the development of graft arteriosclerosis.
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Kusaka M, Nadeau KC, Takada M, Nagano H, Shaw GD, Tilney NL. Influence of initial antigen-independent events on acute allograft rejection: inhibition by a soluble P-selectin ligand and low-dose cyclosporine in combination. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:1027-8. [PMID: 9636414 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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162
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Nagano H, Libby P, Taylor MK, Hasegawa S, Stinn JL, Becker G, Tilney NL, Mitchell RN. Coronary arteriosclerosis after T-cell-mediated injury in transplanted mouse hearts: role of interferon-gamma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1998; 152:1187-97. [PMID: 9588888 PMCID: PMC1858591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the contribution of acute parenchymal rejection and interferon (IFN)-gamma to the development of graft arterial disease (GAD) in totally allogeneic murine cardiac transplants. BALB/c (H-2d) hearts were transplanted into wild-type C57BL/6 (B6, H-2b) or B6 IFN-gamma-deficient (GKO) recipient mice. Assessing the role of acute parenchymal rejection in the GAD process involved two different immunosuppression protocols using anti-CD4 and -CD8 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs): virtually complete long-term immunosuppression (denoted as complete immunosuppression) was achieved by administering both MAbs 6, 3, and 1 day before transplantation and weekly thereafter; in contradistinction, a single, early, transient episode of rejection (transient rejection) was attained by administering MAbs beginning 4 days after transplant and then at weekly intervals. The extent and duration of T cell depletion under these two regimens were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. After a single injection of MAbs, peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cell depletion was approximately 98% at 1 week and approximately 88% at 2 weeks. After three injections (analogous to days 6, 3, and 1 before transplant), peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cell depletion was >98% at 2 weeks and approximately 87% at 4 weeks. Functioning cardiac allografts were removed at 8 and 12 weeks after transplant and analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin, elastic tissue, and immunohistochemical stains, and the severity of parenchymal rejection versus GAD was scored. With complete immunosuppression (antibody before and after transplant), BALB/c allografts showed little parenchymal rejection or GAD, suggesting that persistent depletion of T cells blocked subsequent development of GAD. However, even a single transient acute rejection episode allowed the subsequent development of GAD accompanied by augmented major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 expression at 12 weeks; these allografts showed no residual CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. In comparison, allografts undergoing transient rejection in GKO recipients did not develop GAD, despite persistent macrophage and natural killer cell (NK) infiltrates comparable to those seen in wild-type recipients. Moreover, the arterioles of hearts transplanted into GKO recipients showed no or minimal increases in MHC class II, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 relative to baseline expression. In conclusion, a single episode of allogeneic injury mediated by T cells suffices to evoke subsequent graft arteriosclerosis, even in the absence of additional T-cell-mediated injury, and the process appears to depend on IFN-gamma.
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Aoshima O, Nakamura T, Satoh Y, Nakano Y, Nagano H, Imamura R, Yamashita T. Orthodontic treatment of an adult male after bilateral condylectomy of the mandible for injuries sustained in a traffic accident. J Oral Sci 1998; 40:1-8. [PMID: 9663977 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.40.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there have been many reports on studies related to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in orthodontic treatment, but an adequate system of diagnosis and treatment has yet to be established, and they often cause considerable difficulty clinically. The patient in this case report sustained generalized contusions, a cerebral concussion, a midline fracture of the mandibular corpus, and bilateral fractures of the condylar process of the mandible when he fell asleep while driving a car and collided with a truck. Because non-surgical reduction was impossible, mandibular condylectomy was performed, and when orthodontic treatment was attempted to improve the open bite that persisted as a sequela of the accident, the favorable results were obtained, as described below. 1. The open bite was corrected by the orthodontic treatment, and the impairment that remained as a sequela resolved. 2. The mandibular condyles were removed during surgical reduction, and the mouth opening disturbance, the TMJ pain, and the TMJ noise resolved. The patient was able to go about his everyday life unimpaired, with hardly any awareness of limitation of jaw movement, and this situation remained unchanged even after the orthodontic treatment was performed.
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Nagai M, Sato M, Nagano H, Pang H, Kong X, Murakami T, Ozawa T, Akashi H. Nucleotide sequence homology to bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV 2) in the 5' untranslated region of BVDVs from cattle with mucosal disease or persistent infection in Japan. Vet Microbiol 1998; 60:271-6. [PMID: 9646457 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(98)00158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytopathogenic and non-cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDVs) were isolated from cattle with mucosal disease or persistent infection in Japan. These isolates were compared for antigenic properties by cross-neutralization tests with Japanese reference strains of BVDV belonging to classical type 1. Significantly low cross-reactivity to reference strains was noted, indicating the viruses to possibly represent a new serotype in Japan. Thus, to determine the genotype of the isolates, nucleotide sequences of the 5' untranslated region were determined and compared with those of previously reported BVDV 1 and 2. The isolates were clearly shown to belong to BVDV 2, not to BVDV 1.
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165
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Nagano H, Inoue H, Usui M, Mitani S, Satoh T. Long-term results of Charnley low-friction arthroplasty for coxarthrosis with congenital hip dysplasia. 15 year follow-up study. BULLETIN (HOSPITAL FOR JOINT DISEASES (NEW YORK, N.Y.)) 1998; 56:197-203. [PMID: 9438078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied more than fifteen-years' follow-up results of cases treated with low-friction arthroplasty (LFA) for coxarthrosis with congenital hip dysplasia. Thirty-four LFAs in 32 patients (2 males and 30 females) were followed up for an average of 18.8 years (range: 15 to 23.3 years). The mean age at surgery was 53 years (range: 36 to 67 years). In three patients, 4 hips needed revision surgery due to loosening of the prostheses. At the final follow up, using Hodgkinson's criteria, type 0 demarcation of the socket appeared in 9 cases, type 1 in 5 cases, type 2 in 4 cases, type 3 in 4 cases, and type 4 in 12 cases. According to Harris' criteria, there was no sign of loosening of the stem in 16 cases, however there was a possibility of loosening in 8 cases, probability in 2 cases, and definite loosening in 8 cases. The survival rate with socket loosening as the end point was 76.5% at the 10 year follow-up, 67.6% at 15-years' follow-up, and 50.9% at 20-years' follow-up. The survival rate with stem loosening as the end point was 82.4% at 10-years' follow-up, 79.4% at 15-years' follow-up, and 63.8% at 20-years' follow-up. The survival rate with prostheses loosening either socket or stem as the end point was 64.7% at 10-years' follow-up, 55.9% at 15-years' follow-up, and 34.6% at 20-years' follow-up. The survival rate with revision surgery as the end point was 100% at 10-years' follow-up, 94% at 15-years' follow-up, and 85.1% at 20-years' follow-up.
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166
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Nakazawsa T, Kawakami Y, Sudo M, Kobayashi S, Suetsugu S, Nakajima S, Yamakido M, Nagano H. [Trends of asthma death among adults in Japan 1992-1994. Analysis of 313 cases reported questionnaires sent to hospitals with more than 100 beds]. ARERUGI = [ALLERGY] 1998; 47:41-7. [PMID: 9528164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Japan Asthma Death Investigation Committee sent questionnaires to hospitals with more than 100 beds, and studied the clinical characteristics of 313 reported cases who died of asthma between 1992 and 1994. Forty percent of them were at the age between 60 and 79. Deaths of young adults in the twenties tended to increase. One third of the deaths was due to asphyxia. More than half of the patients were classified infectious or mixed type of asthma and 43.9% were graded as severe asthma. The main causes of the fatal asthma attacks were respiratory infections, fatigue and stress. Insufficient education, low compliance, delay in treatment with corticosteroids and other drugs, delay in emergency treatment, past histories of life-threatening attacks and hospitalization due to severe attacks were suggested to be risk factors of adult asthma death. Pulmonary emphysema showed relatively high frequency as a complication.
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Nagano H, Nadeau KC, Kusaka M, Heeman UW, Tilney NL. Infection-associated macrophage activation accelerates chronic renal allograft rejection in rats. Transplantation 1997; 64:1602-5. [PMID: 9415565 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199712150-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of infection-associated cellular activation on chronic rejection of kidney grafts was assessed in an established rat model by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin and a potent stimulator of various cell populations including mononuclear cells and renal epithelial cells. METHODS Lewis recipients of F344 kidneys were treated with low-dose cyclosporine (1.5 mg/kg/day x 10 days). Animals with well-functioning grafts received a single dose of LPS (2 mg in 1 ml of NaCl, intraperitoneally) at 4 or 8 weeks after engraftment. Untreated control rats, which later experienced chronic rejection, were given 1 ml of NaCl. RESULTS Administration of LPS during the early quiescent phase of chronic rejection accelerated the chronic process, functionally (proteinuria), morphologically, immunohistologically, and by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction as compared with untreated controls. Infiltration of macrophages and their associated factors was especially affected. CONCLUSIONS As the later events of chronic rejection seem to be mediated primarily by macrophages and their products, administration of LPS accelerated the tempo and activity of these cells in the development of chronic rejection. These findings may explain the clinical observation that infection may be an important risk factor for chronic allograft rejection.
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Noda M, Fukuda R, Matsuo T, Ohta M, Nagano H, Imura Y, Nishikawa K, Shibouta Y. Effects of candesartan cilexetil (TCV-116) and enalapril in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL. SUPPLEMENT 1997; 63:S136-9. [PMID: 9407442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The renal protective properties of candesartan cilexetil (TCV-116), an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist (AT1A), and enalapril, an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), were investigated in 5/6 nephrectomized (NX) rats. Candesartan cilexetil (1 mg/kg/day) and enalapril (10 mg/kg/day) were administered orally to 5/6 NX rats for four weeks (during the early phase of disease development) or 16 weeks (through the late phase). In vehicle-treated rats, proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial mononuclear cell (MNC) infiltration and interstitial fibrosis developed. Moreover, immunohistological studies showed enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in the injured glomeruli. Both drugs inhibited these adverse changes in the early phase. In the late phase, the progressive proteinuria, interstitial MNC infiltration were attenuated by both drugs. However, candesartan cilexetil significantly inhibited the progression of glomerulosclerosis, the expression of TGF-beta 1 and the interstitial fibrosis, while enalapril did not. Candesartan cilexetil and enalapril showed comparable hypotensive effects after the 16-week administration. These results indicate that candesartan cilexetil shows a more potent protective effect than enalapril against the progression of renal injury in the late phase. Thus, an AT1A might be more useful than an ACEI for the treatment of patients with chronic renal failure.
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Mackenzie HS, Ziai F, Nagano H, Azuma H, Troy JL, Rennke HG, Tilney NL, Brenner BM. Candesartan cilexetil reduces chronic renal allograft injury in Fisher-->Lewis rats. JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION. SUPPLEMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF HYPERTENSION 1997; 15:S21-5. [PMID: 9493123 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199715066-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, candesartan cilexetil, on glomerular and systemic blood pressures and the development of renal injury in Lewis rat recipients of a single Fisher kidney (F334--> LEW transplantation), an established rat model of chronic renal allograft failure. DESIGN Recent studies have shown that chronic injury of renal allografts in F334-->LEW rats may be virtually abrogated by supplying the Lewis recipients with two Fisher kidneys or, alternatively, by retaining a native kidney. These findings imply a major contribution from processes associated with nephron loss to the pathogenesis of chronic renal allograft failure, a notion supported by the observation that transplanting two kidneys also normalizes glomerular capillary pressure (PGC) in F344-->LEW rats. Thus, a pharmacological reduction in PGC, by blocking the effects of angiotensin II, should also lessen renal injury in F344-->LEW rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bilaterally nephrectomized F344--> LEW rats were treated with the angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan cilexetil (TCV-116) at 40 mg/l or with vehicle, administered in drinking water. Proteinuria and systolic blood pressure were assessed monthly, and histological studies were carried out after 24 weeks. The glomerular filtration rate and glomerular pressures were determined after 10 weeks in additional rats by clearance and micropuncture studies. RESULTS Treatment with candesartan cilexetil lowered systemic blood pressure, normalized PGC at 10 weeks and greatly reduced proteinuria and allograft glomerulosclerosis at 24 weeks. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the development of renal injury in F344-->LEW renal allografts can be prevented by the pharmacological blockade of angiotensin II receptors using candesartan cilexetil. This suggests that angiotensin-dependent processes contribute significantly to chronic injury in this model of late renal allograft failure.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Follow-Up Studies
- Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/complications
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/drug therapy
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/pathology
- Graft Rejection/complications
- Graft Rejection/drug therapy
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Kidney Transplantation
- Male
- Proteinuria/drug therapy
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2
- Tetrazoles
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Makino S, Asakura H, Shirahata T, Ikeda T, Takeshi K, Nagano H, Yano S, Kubota T, Fujii N. [Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 outbreak in Obihiro-city--biological and molecular characteristics among O157 isolates]. KANSENSHOGAKU ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1997; 71:1131-6. [PMID: 9455053 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.71.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Obihiro City, Japan, occurred in late October 1996. The infection affected a total of 169 kindergarten pupils and school staff members in a private kindergarten. Twenty-one children (12.4%) progressed into hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Moreover, the person-to-person infections in 9 families and the duration of excretion of EHEC in 13 patients were observed. The contaminated food was identified as the potato-salad served at lunch. Analysis of biological characteristics, the ability of toxin production, and the DNA analysis by PCR-based fingerprinting, the RAPD tests, among all clinical isolates, clarified a homologous origin of contamination.
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Nagano H, Mitchell RN, Taylor MK, Hasegawa S, Tilney NL, Libby P. Interferon-gamma deficiency prevents coronary arteriosclerosis but not myocardial rejection in transplanted mouse hearts. J Clin Invest 1997; 100:550-7. [PMID: 9239401 PMCID: PMC508221 DOI: 10.1172/jci119564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have hypothesized that T cell cytokines participate in the pathogenesis of graft arterial disease (GAD). This study tested the consequences of IFN-gamma deficiency on arterial and parenchymal pathology in murine cardiac allografts. Hearts from C-H-2(bm12)KhEg (bm12, H-2(bm12)) were transplanted into C57/B6 (B6, H-2(b)), wild-type, or B6 IFN-gamma-deficient (GKO) recipients after immunosuppression by treatment with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 mAbs. In wild-type recipients, myocardial rejection peaked at 4 wk, (grade 2. 1+/-0.3 out of 4, mean+/-SEM, n = 9), and by 8-12 wk evolved coronary arteriopathy. At 12 wk, the GAD score was 1.4+/-0.3, and the parenchymal rejection grade was 1.2+/-0.3 (n = 8). In GKO recipients of bm12 allografts, myocardial rejection persisted at 12 wk (grade 2.5+/-0.3, n = 6), but no GAD developed (score: 0.0+/-0.0, n = 6, P < 0.01 vs. wild-type). Mice treated with anti-IFN-gamma mAbs showed similar results. Isografts generally showed no arterial changes. In wild-type recipients, arterial and parenchymal cells showed increased MHC class II molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 compared to normal or isografted hearts. The allografts in GKO recipients showed attenuated expression of these molecules (n = 6). Thus, development of GAD, but not parenchymal rejection, requires IFN-gamma. Reduced expression of MHC antigens and leukocyte adhesion molecules may contribute to the lack of coronary arteriopathy in hearts allografted into GKO mice.
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Abstract
Long-term survival statistics for organ allografts have not improved substantially over time, despite improved immunosuppression and organ preservation and better surgical and perioperative management. Chronic rejection is the most important long-term limitation in allografts and increasingly seems to be caused by a multifactorial series of antigen-dependent and antigen-independent factors. Early injury is critical to late events, whether antigen driven (early acute rejection episodes and human leukocyte antigen mismatching) or antigen independent (ischemia/reperfusion injury and brain death). Ongoing alloimmunologic injury to the host and inadequate organ mass functioning (donor age, gender, race, and organ size) also seem to be important to this persisting process. Associated recipient conditions, which includes hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and postoperative complications, which include drug nephrotoxicity and infections, may affect this late-phase graft loss. These deleterious risk factors for chronic rejection of long-functioning allografts are an important subject for future investigation.
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Nagano H, Nadeau KC, Takada M, Kusaka M, Tilney NL. Sequential cellular and molecular kinetics in acutely rejecting renal allografts in rats. Transplantation 1997; 63:1101-8. [PMID: 9133471 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199704270-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The initial (0-24 hr), early (3-5 days), and late (7-14 days) events occurring in LBNF1 renal allografts transplanted into Lew recipients were examined to define precisely the sequential cellular and molecular kinetics during acute rejection. Grafts and spleens were harvested at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hr, and at 3, 5, 7, and 14 days and processed for morphology, immunohistology, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Various factors (mRNA) were up-regulated sequentially in the allografts over time. In the initial phase, E-selectin and complement (C1 and C3) expression was noted within 6 hr, peaking by 24 hr. RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) increased within 6 hr, and then again between 3 and 6 days. By immunohistology, MHC class II was up-regulated consistently after day 1. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression increased after day 3; lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1+ infiltrating leukocytes peaked at day 5. Infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes increased strikingly between days 1 and 3, peaking at day 5; CD4+ cells infiltrated more slowly until day 5. The kinetics of ED1+ macrophages were similar to those of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1+ cells. The CD4+ T cell-derived product, interleukin (IL)-2, peaked at 7 days. Interferon-gamma increased progressively up to 14 days. By 3 days, the macrophage-associated factor, transforming growth factor-beta, peaked; this was followed by increased IL-6 expression by day 5. IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase increased slowly until day 7, declining thereafter. Endothelin increased progressively over the 14-day follow-up period. Cytokine dynamics occurring in host spleen were similar to those noted in the allografts. Although acute rejection is primarily T cell mediated, adhesion molecules, macrophages, and their associated products may influence initial and later changes. The brisk expression of complement, E-selectin, and RANTES within the first few hours after engraftment may occur secondary to ischemic injury and trigger subsequent immunological events. Macrophages and their products may play a larger role in the process than hitherto appreciated.
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Nagano H, Okuno T, Mise K, Furusawa I. Deletion of the C-terminal 33 amino acids of cucumber mosaic virus movement protein enables a chimeric brome mosaic virus to move from cell to cell. J Virol 1997; 71:2270-6. [PMID: 9032362 PMCID: PMC191335 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.3.2270-2276.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The movement protein (MP) gene of brome mosaic virus (BMV) was precisely replaced with that of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Infectivity tests of the chimeric BMV on Chenopodium quinoa, a permissive host for cell-to-cell movement of both BMV and CMV, showed that the chimeric BMV failed to move from cell to cell even though it replicated in protoplasts. A spontaneous mutant of the chimeric BMV that displayed cell-to-cell movement was subsequently obtained from a local lesion during one of the experiments. A cloned cDNA representing the genomic RNA encoding the MP of the chimeric BMV mutant was analyzed and found to contain a mutation in the CMV MP gene resulting in deletion of the C-terminal 33 amino acids of the MP. Directed mutagenesis of the CMV MP gene showed that the C-terminal deletion was responsible for the movement capability of the mutant. When the mutation was introduced into CMV, the CMV mutant moved from cell to cell in C. quinoa, though the movement was less efficient than that of the wild-type CMV. These results indicate that the CMV MP, except the C-terminal 33 amino acids, potentiates cell-to-cell movement of both BMV and CMV in C. quinoa. In addition, since C. quinoa is a common host for both BMV and CMV, these results suggest that the CMV MP has specificity for the viral genomes during cell-to-cell movement of the virus and that the C-terminal 33 amino acids of the CMV MP are involved in that specificity.
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Tanigawa T, Gotoh M, Nagano H, Ota H, Hasuike Y, Yoshida T, Sakon M, Monden M. Donor-specific transfusion using mitomycin-C treated spleen cells induces significant prolongation of cardiac allograft in rats. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:1149-50. [PMID: 9123243 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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176
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Onda T, Yoshikawa H, Mizutani K, Mishima M, Yokota H, Nagano H, Ozaki Y, Murakami A, Ueda K, Taketani Y. Treatment of node-positive endometrial cancer with complete node dissection, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Br J Cancer 1997; 75:1836-41. [PMID: 9192991 PMCID: PMC2223619 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1997.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the therapeutic significance of systematic aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy followed by adjuvant therapy in node-positive endometrial carcinoma. Among 173 stage I-III patients, 30 (17%) had positive nodes: ten in the pelvic region alone (group P) and 20 in the aortic region alone or in both regions (group A). The adjuvant therapy was administered as follows: subjects in group P received 50 Gy pelvic radiation, including three post-surgical T3 (pT3) patients who received either one or three cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy before radiation. Subjects in group A were given three cycles of chemotherapy followed by 50 Gy pelvic and 50 Gy extended field periaortic radiation using a four-field or conformational technique. Five-year survival was 95% for 143 patients with negative nodes and 84% for 30 patients with positive nodes (100% for group P and 75% for group A). In group A, 5-year survival was 38% for eight patients with both pT3 and histology other than endometrioid type G1, and 91% for the remaining 12 patients. Either way, both group P and group A patients had a better prognosis than previously reported. In summary, aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy and subsequent chemotherapy and radiation therapy based on node status seem to improve the survival of endometrial cancer patients with positive nodes.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/radiotherapy
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/therapy
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/mortality
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/therapy
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/mortality
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Cisplatin/therapeutic use
- Data Interpretation, Statistical
- Endometrial Neoplasms/mortality
- Endometrial Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Endometrial Neoplasms/therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Lymph Node Excision
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Middle Aged
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Ovarian Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Prognosis
- Radiotherapy Dosage
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Time Factors
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Tanigawa T, Gotoh M, Ota H, Nagano H, Ohzato H, Hasuike Y, Sakon M, Monden M. Prolongation of cardiac allograft survival by intraportal injection of donor antigens--differential mechanisms according to the timing of injection. Cell Transplant 1996; 5:S79-80. [PMID: 8889238 DOI: 10.1016/0963-6897(96)00046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that intraportal (IP) injection of donor spleen cells (SPCs) before transplantation as well as at the time of transplantation significantly prolongs cardiac allograft survival in rats (7). Long-term establishment of chimerism induced by intraportal administration of SPCs could be a part of this prolongation. In this study, we examined the effect of irradiation of SPCs as a source of donor antigens on cardiac allograft survival. Experiments were carried out using DA (RT1a) as the donor and BUF (RT1b) as the recipient strain. Fifty million irradiated or nonirradiated SPCs were injected either intravenously (i.v.) or intraportally (i.p.) on day -10 or day 0, the day of cardiac allografting. Untreated animals rejected allografts within a mean survival time (MST) of 7.2 +/- 0.8 days (n = 5). Injection (i.p.) of SPCs on both day -10 (n = 4) and day 0 (n = 6) induced significant prolongation of MST over the control (19.0 +/- 4.7, 14.2 +/- 2.1 days; p < 0.001 vs. control), while i.v. injection of SPCs on either day -10 (n = 4) or day 0 (n = 4) failed to do so (9.2 +/- 1.0, 8.5 +/- 0.6 days). Significant prolongation was still observed when irradiated SPCs were injected on day -10 (n = 4; MST: 19.0 +/- 5.4 days, p < 0.002 vs. control), but not when injected on day 0 (n = 5; MST: 9.4 +/- 2.1 days). These data suggest that the immunosuppressive effect of i.p. injection of donor SPCs could be induced by differential mechanisms according to the timing of inoculation of donor antigens.
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Kobayashi T, Katayama K, Nagano H, Taguchi S, Niimoto S, Hirose K, Yamaguchi A, Nakagawara G. [Liver resection in a case of multiple liver metastases of gastric cancer following hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1996; 23:1321-4. [PMID: 8831746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A 61-year-old-man underwent subtotal gastrectomy (D2) for advanced gastric cancer with multiple liver metastases. After the operation, repeated hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy was performed employing implantable catheter and port system with CDDP and MMC. The result was that the liver tumors showed a remarkable regression in size, and the serum CA 19-9 level decreased within normal range. But the tumor in the lateral segment grew and the CA 19-9 level increased again. There was no evidence of metastasis or recurrence except in the liver, and the metastatic tumors in right lobe became smaller by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy at this time. Therefore, lateral segment resection was performed for reductive surgery 14 months after the first operation. After that, the liver tumors did not grow and CA 19-9 kept within the normal range, while hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy could be given. Thus, it seems that liver resection for reduction surgery following hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy should be considered as a treatment for multiple liver metastases.
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Ijichi K, Fujiwara M, Nagano H, Matsumoto Y, Hanasaki Y, Ide T, Katsuura K, Takayama H, Shirakawa S, Aimi N, Shigeta S, Konno K, Matsushima M, Yokota T, Baba M. Anti-HIV-1 activity of thiadiazole derivatives: structure-activity relationship, reverse transcriptase inhibition, and lipophilicity. Antiviral Res 1996; 31:87-94. [PMID: 8793012 DOI: 10.1016/0166-3542(96)00950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship of the non-nucleoside HIV-1-specific reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors 4-phenyl-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl N,N-dialkylcarbamate (TDA) derivatives was investigated with respect to their anti-HIV-1 activity, RT inhibition, and lipophilicity. 4-Phenyl-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl N,N-dimethylcarbamate inhibited HIV-1-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) by 50% at a concentration of 28.8 microM in MT-4 cells. The activity increased more than 100-fold when the hydrogens at the 2-position and the 6-position in phenyl moiety were substituted by chlorines. However, the derivative with a chlorine at the 4-position of phenyl moiety did not show any inhibition of HIV-1 replication at its non-toxic concentrations. All of the 4-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl N-methyl-N-alkylcarbamates proved inhibitory to HIV-1 replication in the nanomolar concentration range. The TDA derivatives that showed anti-HIV-1 activity also inhibited RT activity in an enzymatic assay. However, the TDA derivatives did not show any specific inhibition of a non-nucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI)-resistant mutant and its RT activity. When the TDA derivatives were examined for their inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication in the presence of 50% human serum, the activity significantly decreased depending on-their lipophilicity.
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Nagano H, Satoh C, Furuya K. Nucleotide sequences of DNA fragments of Encephalitozoon cuniculi amplified by polymerase chain reaction with primers regarded as specific for Echinococcus. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1996; 43:217-21. [PMID: 8640191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1996.tb01394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Encephalitozoon-like spores were separated from a human echinococcal liver lesion, which was caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. They were found to fall into the species Encephalitozoon cuniculi, which was shown to have En. cuniculi-specific DNA by way of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We also used PCR to genetically discriminate between the En. cuniculi spores and the Ec. multilocularis larvae. Two primer sets, known to be specific for Echinococcus, were examined. These primers were expected to work normally when the two quite different DNA preparations were tested as templates, i.e. only Echinococcus DNA could give a positive signal in the PCR tests. However, it was found that the two Echinococcus-specific primer sets could amplify not only Ec. multilocularis DNA, but also En. cuniculi spore DNA. We then tried to determine the order of nucleotides in the Echinococcus-specific primers-amplified En. cuniculi PCR products and compared the determined sequences with those of Ec. multilocularis. The results clearly indicated that sequencing made little difference between En. cuniculi and Ec. multilocularis.
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Matsumoto Y, Sudo K, Nagano H, Hayasaka Y, Matsushima M. 3D modeling of HCV protease and computer screening of its inhibitors. Antiviral Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-3542(96)80245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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182
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Nakazawa T, Kawakami Y, Sudo M, Kobayashi S, Suetsugu S, Nakajima S, Yamakido M, Nagano H. [Trends in asthma-related death among adults in Japan, 1986-1991--analysis of responses to questionnaires sent to hospitals with at least 200 beds]. NIHON KYOBU SHIKKAN GAKKAI ZASSHI 1996; 34:157-63. [PMID: 8622271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The death rate among patients with asthma in Japan has been reported by Japan's Ministry of Health and Welfare to approximately 5/100,000 population. Over the past 15 years, this rate has remained relatively constant, but it is higher than that in western countries. To clarify recent trends in adult asthma mortality, the Japan Asthma Death Investigation Committee studied the clinical characteristics of 649 patients who died of asthma between 1986 and 1991. The annual number of deaths decreased slightly: from 145 in 1986 to 89 in 1991. There was a large difference between sexes: the male:female ratio was 3:2. Most patients ranged in age from 50 to 70 years old. It is noteworthy that in one third of the patients death was caused by asphyxic-type asthma, while status asthmaticus was the cause in only 23.7%. The number of patients with mild or moderate asthma was slightly increased, although patients with severe asthma accounted for at least 70% of all deaths. The main causes of fatal asthma attacks were airway infections, fatigue, and stress. Other responses on the questionnaires indicated the following areas of concern: deficiencies in patient education, delays in treatment with corticosteroids and other antiasthma drugs, and delays in provision of emergency treatment.
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183
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Nagano H, Yoshikawa H, Kawana T, Yokota H, Taketani Y, Igarashi H, Yoshikura H, Iwamoto A. Association of multiple human papillomavirus types with vulvar neoplasias. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 1996; 22:1-8. [PMID: 8624885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.1996.tb00927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to clarify the association of multiple genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types with vulvar neoplasias. METHODS We examined vulvar neoplasias by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, which can detect almost all genital HPV types sensitively (L1-PCR). RESULTS Eight HPV types (types 6, 11, 16, 18, 52, 53, 56, and 68) were detected in 52 of 53 (98.1%) vulvar condylomas; 2 HPV types (types 16 and 18) were detected in all 6 Grade-3 vulvar intraepithelial neoplasias; and 5 HPV types (types 6, 16, 18, 51, and 56) were detected in 8 of 11 (72.7%) invasive vulvar carcinomas. Detection of HPV types 52, 53, 56, and 68 in vulvar condylomas and detection of HPV types 51 and 56 in vulvar carcinomas are the first examples ever reported. CONCLUSION This study suggests that more HPV types are associated with the generation of vulvar neoplasias than was thought to be the case up to now.
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184
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Nagano H, Tanohata K, Kato E, Nakayama S, Fujino H, Matsubara S. Dose distribution and shrinkage of acoustic neurinomas 2 years after Gamma Knife treatment. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1996; 66 Suppl 1:146-56. [PMID: 9032856 DOI: 10.1159/000099805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To examine the relationship between dose distribution and tumor shrinkage of acoustic neurinomas, correlation coefficients between distribution probabilities of some dose areas and residual tumor ratios of 21 cases were studied at 2 years. Approximating a dose-volume histogram to beta-distribution, two essential dose areas for tumor control were extracted: a dose area from 14.2 to 24.7 Gy contributed to tumor shrinkage, whereas a dose area from 27.3 to 29.4 Gy was contraindicated. Given that there are at least two different dose areas with reverse characters, a formula with two opposing logistic components is proposed to predict tumor control. With this formula, Gamma Knife treatment of acoustic neurinomas may be optimized.
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185
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Chonabayashi N, Aoshima M, Yokota N, Kisu T, Yambe Y, Taneda K, Tada H, Nagano H. [Mechanical ventilation and long-term respiratory care in the intensive care unit of a general hospital]. NIHON KYOBU SHIKKAN GAKKAI ZASSHI 1995; 33 Suppl:159-167. [PMID: 8752500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We studied the need for mechanical ventilation in 265 patients with respiratory failure who came to our medical ICU over the past 3 years. The time required for weaning from mechanical ventilation and the percentage of patients who needed oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation at home after their condition was no longer acute were also studied. Of the patients treated in the medical ICU, 143 (54%) required mechanical ventilation; 104 (39%) had acute respiratory failure and the others had acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory failure. Some causes of acute respiratory failure were aspiration pneumonia, bronchial asthma, and drug use. Three-fourths of those with chronic respiratory failure had pulmonary emphysema, sequela of pulmonary tuberculosis, or idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. In patients with chronic respiratory failure, success in weaning could be predicted from the respiratory index (PaO2/FIO2), the serum albumin level, and the length of time that they were ventilated with more than 60% oxygen. Thirteen patients with chronic respiratory failure died while receiving mechanical ventilation. Of those who survived, 11 underwent tracheostomies, and 4 of those 11 were mechanically ventilated at home with portable devices. Ten other survivors received home oxygen therapy. Chest physicians bear the greatest responsibility for managing mechanical ventilation in medical emergencies. Moreover, the prognosis for patients with chronic respiratory failure can be improved with a long-term program for respiratory care that includes home mechanical ventilation and home oxygen therapy.
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Nomiya K, Yokoyama H, Nagano H, Oda M, Sakuma S. Synthesis and characterization of trisodium salt of bis(thiosalicylato)aurate(I): Na3[Au(TSA)2]·5H2O. J Inorg Biochem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(95)00028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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187
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Otsuka I, Ozaki Y, Nagano H, Mizutani K, Murakami A, Ueda K, Funata N. [The significance of invasion and vessel permeation in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with invasion to a depth of 3 mm or less]. NIHON SANKA FUJINKA GAKKAI ZASSHI 1995; 47:1261-7. [PMID: 8543852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nine-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix invading to a depth of 3 mm or less (microinvasive carcinoma) were retrospectively viewed in regard to the depth of stromal invasion, the width of horizontal spread, confluent invasion, vessel permeation and lymph node metastasis. The type of treatment and outcome were also evaluated. Confluent invasion was found in 6 patient (6%), and vessel permeation in 9 patients (9%). Lymph node dissections were performed on 85 patients, but no lymph node metastasis was found, irrespective of the presence of confluent invasion or vessel permeation. Fifty-five patients with no vessel permeation were treated by conization or total or modified racial hysterectomy, and none had a recurrence of the disease. Our results suggest that the presence of confluent invasion or vessel permeation does not influence the incidence of lymph node metastasis, but data in the literature indicate that confluent invasion and vessel permeation are risk factors for lymph node metastasis and invasive recurrence of the disease. We conclude that patients with invasion of depth 3m or less, with no confluent invasion and no vessel permeation, can be treated by conservative operation.
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Nagano H, Nakanishi T, Yao H, Ema K. Effect of vesicle size on the heat capacity anomaly at the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition in unilamellar vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1995; 52:4244-4250. [PMID: 9963895 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.52.4244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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189
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Furuya K, Sato C, Nagano H, Sato N, Uchino J. Encephalitozoon-like organisms in patients with alveolar hydatid disease: cell culture, ultrastructure, histoimmunochemical localization and seroprevalence. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1995; 42:518-25. [PMID: 7581327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1995.tb05899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We found Encephalitozoon-like organisms in an in vitro culture of a human liver lesion which was due to larval Echinococcus multilocularis. The organisms developed in the same fashion as an Encephalitozoon cuniculi. The spores that developed in parasitophorous vacuoles were 2.0-2.6 x 1.1-1.5 microns; each contained a single nucleus and 4-5 polar tubule coils, closely resembling E. cuniculi in its ultrastructure. Mature spores were collected from the supernatants by the use of Percoll centrifugation resulting in the banding of the spores on continuous gradients. We prepared three sorts of spores which were different in buoyant density in 0.15 M NaCl: 1.05-1.07 g/ml spores, 1.12 g/ml spores, and spores of over 1.14 g/ml. Polyclonal antibodies to a pool of each spore preparation were produced in a rabbit and applied to the detection of microsporidian antigen in situ. The histoimmunoperoxidase (HIP) procedure was used to detect the microsporidian antigen in echinococcal liver lesions from patients with alveolar hydatid disease (AHD). Ten echinococcal liver lesions from different AHD patients were examined and four were found to be positive in the HIP test. The Percoll-separated spores were also used as an antigen to detect for antibodies in the sera from the patients with AHD by Western blotting. Antibodies were detected in 62 (52%) of the 119 AHD patients and in only 8 (5%) of the 159 normal healthy individuals.
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Furuya K, Nagano H, Sato C. Primers designed for amplification of Echinococcus multilocularis DNA amplify the DNA of Encephalitozoon-like spores in the polymerase chain reaction. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1995; 42:526-8. [PMID: 7581328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1995.tb05900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microsporidian spores were developed from cells which were grown in vitro from a human liver lesion which was due to larval Echinococcus multilocularis. The microsporidian spores developed in the same fashion as an Encephalitozoon cuniculi. The Encephalitozoon-like spores were completely separated on Percoll gradients. The separated spores contained DNA capable of amplification by two different primer sets designed for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of E. multilocularis DNA. However, the cell DNA from which microsporidium developed was thoroughly insensitive to the PCR using the E. multilocularis primer sets. The results strongly suggested that Encephalitozoon should be taken into consideration, when DNA isolated from larval E. multilocularis is analyzed.
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Nomiya K, Kondoh Y, Onoue K, Kasuga N, Nagano H, Oda M, Sudoh T, Sakuma S. Synthesis and characterization of polymeric, anionic thiosalicylato-Ag(I) complexes with antimicrobial activities. J Inorg Biochem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(94)00059-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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192
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Nagano H, Sato C, Furuya K. Human alveolar echinococcosis seroprevalence assessed by western blotting in Hokkaido. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE & BIOLOGY 1995; 48:157-61. [PMID: 8531411 DOI: 10.7883/yoken1952.48.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the recent prevalence of human alveolar echinococcosis in Hokkaido, we took advantage of Western blotting analysis capable of classifying persons infected with Echinococcus multilocularis into two groups: the complete and incomplete types. From the geographic distribution, the residents with the complete type appeared for the first time in 1992 in the Oshima district (western Hokkaido). The age distribution indicated that persons with the complete type increased, since 1990, in the age groups younger than 30 years old.
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Nagano H, Yao H, Ema K. Dynamic heat capacity at the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition in large unilamellar vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine in the ultralow frequency region. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1995; 51:3363-3367. [PMID: 9963016 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.51.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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194
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Nagano H, Tanigawa T, Yoshida T, Ota H, Akagi K, Hasuike Y, Gotoh M, Nishisho I, Monden M. Role of micro-chimerism in inducing immunological tolerance by intraportal injection of donor spleen cells in rats. Cell Transplant 1995; 4 Suppl 1:S59-60. [PMID: 7795908 DOI: 10.1016/0963-6897(94)00061-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that intraportal (IP) injection of donor spleen cells (SPCs) prevented liver allograft rejection. Moreover, we developed a new method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, and demonstrated micro-chimerism (MC) at the DNA level in the spleen 14 days after IP injection. In the present study, the long-term presence of injected allogeneic SPCs was investigated at the cellular level by immunofluorescence staining as well as the DNA level using RFLP analysis. Male ACI (RT1a) rats were used as the donors and Lewis (RT1(1)) rats as the recipients. After DNA preparation from the lymphoid organs, RT1B beta domain 1 region was amplified by PCR, and RFLP analysis was performed with PvuII restriction enzyme. In the immunofluorescence staining, the monoclonal antibody, MN4-91-6, was used to detect the injected donor ACI SPCs in a frozen specimen. We did not detect MC in Lewis rats intravenously injected with 5 x 10(7) ACI SPCs on day 14. On the other hand, stable chimerism in the spleen was observed in intraportally injected rats up to 28 days after injection at not only the DNA level but also the cellular level. No chimerism was detected in other organs (including the thymus, lymph nodes, and liver). In conclusion, the long-term presence of injected allogeneic SPCs in the spleen was demonstrated after IP injection but not after IV injection, and this phenomenon may be one of the mechanisms involved in portal venous immunosuppression.
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Nagano H, Monden M, Gotoh M, Tanigawa T, Hasuike Y, Akagi K, Yoshida T, Ota H, Nishisho I, Mori T. Existence of microchimerism in the spleen after intraportal injection in molecular-biological and immunofluorescence study. Transplant Proc 1994; 26:3471. [PMID: 7998230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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196
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Tanigawa T, Monden M, Gotoh M, Nagano H, Hasuike Y, Fukuzaki T, Akagi K, Yoshida T, Ota H, Mori T. Pretreatment of recipients with mitomycin-C-treated spleen cells induces significant prolongation of cardiac allograft survival in rats. Transplant Proc 1994; 26:3359-60. [PMID: 7998173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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197
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Nagano H, Kawaguchi T, Omori M, Shoji Z, Arai M. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the beta-galactosidase gene from Enterobacter cloacae GAO. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1994; 58:1866-9. [PMID: 7765512 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding a beta-galactosidase from Enterobacter cloacae GAO was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the insert of a positive clone had an open reading frame of 3084 bp that encoded a polypeptide of 1028 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 116,677 daltons. The amino acid sequence of beta-galactosidase deduced from the nucleotide sequence, especially the sequence around the putative active site and of the fourteen regions, showed significant homology to beta-galactosidases of other microorganisms, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Clostridium acetobutylicum.
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Nagano H, Monden M, Gotoh M, Tanigawa T, Hasuike Y, Akagi K, Yoshida T, Ota H, Nishisho I, Mori T. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to detect microchimerism at the DNA level in rats. Transplant Proc 1994; 26:1970-1. [PMID: 7915058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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199
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Tanigawa T, Monden M, Nagano H, Hasuike Y, Gotoh M, Fukuzaki T, Ota H, Yoshida T, Mori T. Portal tolerance in rats: effect of donor cell treatment and timing of administration. Transplant Proc 1994; 26:1870-1. [PMID: 8066608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ito T, Kojima K, Koizumi K, Nagano H, Nishino T. Inhibitory activity on DNA gyrase and intracellular accumulation of quinolones: structure-activity relationship of Q-35 analogs. Biol Pharm Bull 1994; 17:927-30. [PMID: 8000379 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.17.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Q-35, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-7-(3- methylaminopiperidine-1-yl)-4-oxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, has excellent activity against gram-positive bacteria and inhibits S. aureus gyrase at concentrations more than 10-fold lower than those of other quinolones. In this paper, the effect of the C-7 and C-8 substituents of Q-35 on the inhibitory activity of gyrase purified from S. aureus, M. luteus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa are described. In addition, intracellular accumulation of Q-35 was examined. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of Q-35, 8-fluoro- Q-35, and 8-hydro-Q-35 on DNA gyrase purified from S. aureus were 2.5, 7.8, and 68 micrograms/ml, respectively. The IC50 on gyrase from P. aeruginosa were 11, 5.2, and 17 micrograms/ml, respectively. It is concluded that the introduction of a methoxy group into the 8 position of the quinolone leads to greater antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria. The concentrations of Q-35 which accumulated in S. aureus and E. coli were almost equal to ciprofloxacin, but in P. aeruginosa, Q-35 was lower than ciprofloxacin.
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