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Fox JC, McNally NJ. The rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks following irradiation with 238Pu alpha-particles: evidence for a fast component of repair as measured by neutral filter elution. Int J Radiat Biol 1990; 57:513-21. [PMID: 1968944 DOI: 10.1080/09553009014552651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) following exposure to 238Pu alpha-particles was examined in V79-379A cells. The technique of neutral filter elution was used in these investigations at both pH 9.6 and pH 7.2. The initial dsb yield was found to be similar to that seen after 250 kVp X-ray or 2.3 MeV neutron exposure. However, the pattern of dsb rejoining after alpha-particle irradiation did not follow that seen after X-rays or neutrons. A very fast initial component, complete within 2 min of incubation following irradiation, removed 70 per cent of the dsb seen after 40 Gy alpha-particles; very little slow rejoining was seen. This contrasts sharply with the dsb rejoining seen after X-ray or neutron exposure, and presumably reflects the differences in the nature of the dsb induced and the way they are repaired.
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Fayer R, Mayhew IG, Baird JD, Dill SG, Foreman JH, Fox JC, Higgins RJ, Reed SM, Ruoff WW, Sweeney RW. Epidemiology of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in North America based on histologically confirmed cases. A report. Vet Med (Auckl) 1990; 4:54-7. [PMID: 2342022 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1990.tb03103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Following a workshop on equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) convened at the Veterinary Medical Forum of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine in 1988, this survey of EPM in North America was developed. It is based upon 364 histologically confirmed case records from California, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Pennsylvania, and Texas up to 1988. The highest rate of infection was found in young Thoroughbred, Standardbred, and quarter horses. Differences in geographic location, sex, and month (season) of infection were not discernible. This report, the first comprehensive survey of EPM in North America, is intended to serve as a basis for evaluating future changes in prevalence and spread of EPM.
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Ely RW, Fox JC. Elevated IgG antibody to Sarcocystis cruzi associated with eosinophilic myositis in cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 1989; 1:53-6. [PMID: 2518705 DOI: 10.1177/104063878900100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood sera, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle from 24 bovine carcasses condemned for eosinophilic myositis by US Department of Agriculture meat inspection veterinarians were compared with similar specimens from 35 random carcasses passed for human consumption. Fluorescence values determined by using a fluorometric immunoassay system were used to measure the specific antibodies to Sarcocystis cruzi. The values were significantly elevated in carcasses condemned for eosinophilic myositis as compared to carcasses passed for human consumption. The elevated fluorescence values appeared to be more than coincidental, suggesting that S. cruzi may be a causative agent of eosinophilic myositis. Microscopic examination of affected muscle revealed lesions typical of eosinophilic myositis. Lesions were characterized by extensive multifocal areas of myofiber hyaline degeneration, necrosis with sarcoplasmic fragmentation, mineralization of occasional myofibers, and atrophy of fibers with varied stages of fibrosis. Inflammatory cell exudates were predominantly eosinophils, with some macrophages and lymphocytes, and extravasated erythrocytes within, and adjacent to, affected myofibers. Affected muscles contained more S. cruzi than unaffected muscle from passed carcasses. However, a distinct cause and effect relationship could not be determined between the parasite and the presence of eosinophilic myositis.
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Fox JC, McNally NJ. Cell survival and DNA double-strand break repair following X-ray or neutron irradiation of V79 cells. Int J Radiat Biol 1988; 54:1021-30. [PMID: 2903883 DOI: 10.1080/09553008814552401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of 250kVp X-rays and 2.3 MeV (mean energy) neutrons on the cell survival, DNA double-strand break (dsb) induction and repair (using the Kohn neutral elution technique) in V79 cells. The lethal effects of neutrons were shown to be significantly greater than for a similar dose of X-rays (RBE = 3.55 at 10 per cent survival). However, the RBE for dsb induction, in a dose range of 10-50 Gy, was 1. On investigating the repair of DNA dsb induced by either X-ray or neutron irradiation, clear differences in the pattern of repair were found. Both a fast and a slow component of repair were seen in both cases; the former, however, was reduced following neutron irradiation and, since the amount of slow repair was similar in both cases, this resulted in proportionally more unrejoined breaks after neutrons. These experiments were carried out with elution buffer at pH 9.6; however, when similar experiments were performed at pH 7.2 the results obtained support our earlier findings. We suggest that these differences in DNA dsb repair reflect basic differences in the nature of the lesions induced by high- and low-LET ionizing radiations.
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Fox JC. Bilateral proximal tibial osteonecrosis. A case of "deep knee bends". N C Med J 1988; 49:237-40. [PMID: 3374624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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81
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Cowell RL, Fox JC, Panciera RJ, Tyler RD. Detection of anticytauxzoon antibodies in cats infected with a Cytauxzoon organism from bobcats. Vet Parasitol 1988; 28:43-52. [PMID: 3388735 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4017(88)90017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A microfluorometric immunoassay was developed for the detection of antibodies to a Cytauxzoon organism of bobcat origin. A homogenated antigen of RBC-parasite lysate was used to measure antibody levels in sera from cats experimentally infected with the non-pathogenic erythrocyte form of the bobcat Cytauxzoon organism. Antibody levels in sera collected at weekly intervals, expressed as FIAX values, were correlated with parasitemia levels and erythrocyte packed cell volume (PCV). The antibody levels tended to be highest and the PCV lowest at or near the peak parasitemias. Splenectomized cats developed higher antibody and parasitemia levels than non-splenectomized cats. Single serum samples collected from 31 cats were used to establish a baseline response level for normal domestic cat populations.
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Abstract
Nursing has been a major contributor to the ongoing care of the long term patient for hundreds of years. In recent times, however, its' focus has been changing to reflect a broader range of activities and roles for nurses. Masters level and recently doctoral level programs have sprung up in centers throughout the country. This workforce consists of a true career ladder for professional nurses beginning with the B.S.N. generalist, an advanced Masters' level clinician, and a scientist scholar at the Ph.D. or D.N.Sc. level. This paper describes training and practicum at each level as it relates to the chronic patient.
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Fox JC, McGill HC, Carey KD, Getz GS. In vivo regulation of hepatic LDL receptor mRNA in the baboon. Differential effects of saturated and unsaturated fat. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:7014-20. [PMID: 3108246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of diets enriched with cholesterol and different fats upon plasma lipoproteins and hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mRNA levels were studied in a group of 18 normal baboons. Animals were fed diets containing 1% cholesterol and 25% fat as either coconut oil, peanut oil, or olive oil for a period of 20 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, beta-lipoprotein (LDL + very low density lipoprotein) cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-I were measured in samples obtained at 4-week intervals. All three diet groups demonstrated a statistically significant increase in plasma cholesterol as compared to base line throughout the experiment. Hepatic LDL receptor (LDL-R) mRNA levels were quantified by dot blot hybridization in serial liver biopsies. Animals fed saturated fat sustained a significant reduction in hepatic LDL-R mRNA as compared to those fed either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat. A strong negative correlation between LDL-R mRNA and plasma total cholesterol (r = -0.71), HDL cholesterol (r = -0.76), and plasma apo A-I (r = -0.77) was observed only in those animals fed coconut oil. Weak negative correlations between LDL-R mRNA and other plasma parameters did not achieve statistical significance. We conclude that saturated and unsaturated oils may influence plasma cholesterol levels in part through differential effects on LDL receptor biosynthesis in baboons.
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Fox JC, Ewing SA, Buckner RG, Whitenack D, Manley JH. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a dog from Oklahoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986; 189:1583-4. [PMID: 3098711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A dog with signs of weakness, labored breathing, and generalized edema was examined. It was heavily infested with fleas and had wounds resulting from a recent fight. Hematologic findings were not remarkable, except for parasites in the blood. The dog was treated for fleas and given antibiotics, but was euthanatized when it failed to respond. Blood and tissue specimens were found to contain Trypanosoma cruzi, and the serum contained antibodies to the organism. We believe this is the first confirmed case of T cruzi infection in dogs from Oklahoma. The public health implications of this finding are underscored by a report on the detection of T cruzi in raccoons in the same season and geographic area.
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Kocan AA, Barron SJ, Fox JC, Franzmann AW. Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in moose (Alces alces L.) from Alaska. J Wildl Dis 1986; 22:432. [PMID: 3735595 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-22.3.432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Fox JC. Mental health. Participating in change. NURSING TIMES 1986; 82:33-4. [PMID: 3637817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Fox JC, Edwards S, Waters R. DNA ethylations induced by ethylnitrosourea in the wild type, cdc4 and cdc7 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutagenesis 1986; 1:207-9. [PMID: 3331661 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/1.3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The experiments reported here have investigated the induction of ethylations to DNA in yeast cells exposed to the chemical mutagen ethylnitrosourea. A similar level of alkylation was seen at the N7 and O6 of guanine and at the N3 of adenine in either log phase cells or in temperature-sensitive cdc4 and cdc7 cells growth arrested at their specific G1 positions. Hence the changes in chromosome structure associated with the above cdc phenotypes do not modify the amount of DNA damage induced by ethylnitrosourea.
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Fox JC, Jordan HE, Kocan KM, George TJ, Mullins ST, Barnett CE, Glenn BL, Cowell RL. An overview of serological tests currently available for laboratory diagnosis of parasitic infections. Vet Parasitol 1986; 20:13-29. [PMID: 3518213 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4017(86)90089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Current methods and commercial test systems for the diagnosis of parasitic infections in both animals and humans are reviewed. Lists of test kits and their manufacturers are provided along with ordering information: the only commercially available test kits are for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in humans or animals and dirofilariasis (heartworm) in dogs. A partial list of diagnostic laboratories and the parasite tests they perform is also provided. Complete lists of diagnostic tests that could be obtained in the private sector are not available but would be useful. Two microfluorometric solid-phase assay systems are reviewed, and adaptations to custom assays for several kinds of parasites are briefly described. User problems in performing tests and interpreting results are stressed with emphasis placed on diagnosis of dirofilariasis in dogs. False-positive serology in dogs without heartworms and negative antibody responses in micro-filariae-positive animals are discussed with respect to proper interpretation of results.
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Gustafson TL, Reed CM, McGreevy PB, Pappas MG, Fox JC, Lawyer PG. Human cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired in Texas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1985; 34:58-63. [PMID: 3970310 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Four cases of autochthonous human cutaneous leishmaniasis have been identified in south-central Texas since 1980. The patients presented with chronic ulcerating papules on the face, earlobe, and lateral thigh. In two patients, the infections healed without treatment. In the other two patients, the lesions healed following treatment with intramuscular sodium stibogluconate or topical antimony potassium tartrate. Serologic testing of family members, using four different techniques, indicates that asymptomatic infections may occur. These are the first reported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired in Texas since 1974. Organisms isolated from patients in 1974 and 1980 belonged to the Leishmania mexicana complex when tested by the isoenzyme technique. Although no animal reservoir or insect vector has been identified, six species of sand flies belonging to the genus Lutzomyia do inhibit this part of Texas. Accumulated evidence strongly suggests that cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in south-central Texas.
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Kocan KM, MacVean DW, Fox JC. Ultrastructure of a Leishmania sp. isolated from dogs in an endemic focus in Oklahoma. J Parasitol 1983; 69:624-6. [PMID: 6631631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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91
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Confer AW, Fox JC, Newman PR, Lawson GW, Corstvet RE. A quantitative fluorometric assay for the measurement of antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica in cattle. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE : REVUE CANADIENNE DE MEDECINE COMPAREE 1983; 47:37-42. [PMID: 6339016 PMCID: PMC1235881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, simple fluorometric method is described for measuring antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica in sera of cattle. Various antigen preparations were compared for the test including live, formalin-killed and phenol-killed P. haemolytica. A preparation composed of formalin-killed organisms from a 22 hour culture gave consistent results and was used in the studies. The test was reproduciable with percent coefficients of variation for fluorescent signal unit values on ten or more replicate samples ranging from 5.7 to 28.0. Sera from calves vaccinated by aerosol exposure to live P. haemolytica had up to a five-fold increase in antibody titer as measured by the flurometric method test during a 21 day period. Fluorometric method titers were comparable to those obtained by the indirect bacterial agglutination test. There was no seroconversion to P. haemolytica in calves vaccinated by aerosol exposure of P. multocida. The major advantages of the fluorometric method test over conventional methods are that the assay does not require serial dilutions of serum samples and thus limits time and effort to determine antibody titers.
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Fox JC, Ostling PJ. Employee and government access to personnel files: rights and requirements. EMPLOYEE RELATIONS LAW JOURNAL 1980; 5:67-83. [PMID: 10294909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
A maze of record-keeping, disclosure, and privacy statutes and regulations, with accompanying case law, have created a boom in privacy law. Employers find themselves caught in this rising tide, torn between the often conflicting requirements. The issue of access to employee files--by employees, government, and unions--is one of the most difficult issues in this complicated situation. This article discusses recent developments in the field and aims to help readers thread their way through the maze of contradictions and pitfalls confronting employers.
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Fox JC, Williams JF. Mathematical model for investigating combined seatback-head restraint performance during rear-end impact. MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 1976; 14:263-73. [PMID: 940385 DOI: 10.1007/bf02478120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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94
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Katchman BJ, Murphy JP, Offner KM, Fox JC. Measurement of total body hemoglobin by bloodless technic. Clin Chem 1967; 13:877-89. [PMID: 6073572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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95
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Katchman BJ, Murphy JP, Offner KM, Fox JC. Measurement of total body hemoglobin by bloodless technics. SAM-TR-66-110. [TECHNICAL REPORT] SAM-TR. USAF SCHOOL OF AEROSPACE MEDICINE 1966:1-23. [PMID: 5298103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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96
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Fox TG, Fox JC, Flory PJ. The Effect of Rate of Shear on the Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Polyisobutylene 1. J Am Chem Soc 1951. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01149a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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97
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Macdonald WM, Ritchie TR, Fox JC, White PB. PURULENT BRONCHITIS COMPLICATING MEASLES AND RUBELLA. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1918; 2:481-6. [PMID: 20769241 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.3018.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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98
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