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Blukacz EA, Sprules WG, Brunner J. USE OF THE BOOTSTRAP FOR ERROR PROPAGATION IN ESTIMATING ZOOPLANKTON PRODUCTION. Ecology 2005. [DOI: 10.1890/04-0772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Brunner J, Litwicki A, Aliani S, Gärtner B. Coxsackie virus B 4 encephalitis in a 7 year old boy. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2004; 216:297-9. [PMID: 15455298 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-822636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteroviruse belongs to the family of picornaviruses. They can be devided in 4 groups: polioviruses (Typ 1-3) enteric cythopathogenic human orphan (ECHO)- viruses, unclassified enteroviruses 68-71 and coxsackie viruses. Coxsackie virus type B can cause pharyngitis, myalgia, myocarditis and meningitis as well as severe neonatal infections. CASE REPORT We report a patient with coxsackie type B 4 encephalitis. A 7 year old boy had 2 episodes of mental dizziness and consciousness disturbance. Because of he presented a visus of 70 %, headaches and vomiting he was admitted to our hospital. In the cerebrospinal fluid a coxsackie virus type B 4 could be identified. With nonspecific therapy the boy recovered. CONCLUSION We concluded that coxsackie virus B 4 caused acute encephalitis with ophthalmological and mental symptoms and good prognosis. Coxsackie virus B 4 should be considered in patients with encephalitis.
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Phillips GL, Meisenberg B, Reece DE, Adams VR, Badros A, Brunner J, Fenton R, Filicko J, Grosso D, Hale GA, Howard DS, Johnson VP, Kniska A, Marshall KW, Nath R, Reed E, Rapoport AP, Takebe N, Vesole DH, Wagner JL, Flomenberg N. Amifostine and autologous hematopoietic stem cell support of escalating-dose melphalan: A phase I study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2004; 10:473-83. [PMID: 15205668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to define a new maximum tolerated dose and the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of melphalan and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) when used with the cytoprotective agent amifostine. Fifty-eight patients with various types of malignancy who were ineligible for higher-priority AHSCT protocols were entered on a phase I study of escalating doses of melphalan beginning at 220 mg/m(2) and advancing by 20 mg/m(2) increments in planned cohorts of 4 to 8 patients until severe regimen-related toxicity (RRT) was encountered. In all patients, amifostine 740 mg/m(2) was given on 2 occasions before the first melphalan dose (ie, 24 hours before and again 15 minutes before). AHSCT was given 24 hours after the first melphalan dose. Melphalan was given in doses up to and including 300 mg/m(2). Hematologic depression was profound, although it was rapidly and equally reversible at all melphalan doses. Although mucosal RRT was substantial, it was not the DLT, and some patients given the highest melphalan doses (ie, 300 mg/m(2)) did not develop mucosal RRT. The DLT was not clearly defined. Cardiac toxicity in the form of atrial fibrillation occurred in 3 of 36 patients treated with melphalan doses >/=280 mg/m(2) and was deemed fatal in 1 patient given melphalan 300 mg/m(2). (Another patient with a known cardiomyopathy was given melphalan 220 mg/m(2) and died as a result of heart failure but did not have atrial fibrillation.) Another patient given melphalan 300 mg/m(2) died of hepatic necrosis. The maximum tolerated dose of melphalan in this setting was thus considered to be 280 mg/m(2), and 27 patients were given this dose without severe RRT. Moreover, 38 patients were evaluable for delayed toxicity related to RRT; none was noted. Tumor responses have been noted at all melphalan doses and in all diagnostic groups, and 21 patients are alive at median day +1121 (range, day +136 to day +1923), including 16 without evidence of disease progression at median day +1075 (range, day +509 to day +1638). Amifostine and AHSCT permit the safe use of melphalan 280 mg/m(2), an apparent increase over the dose of melphalan that can be safely administered with AHSCT but without amifostine. Further studies are needed not only to confirm these findings, but also to define the antitumor efficacy of this regimen. Finally, it may be possible to evaluate additional methods of further dose escalation of melphalan in this setting.
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Ising M, Binder E, Brunner J, Fuchs B, Kern N, Künzel HE, Majer M, Nickel T, Pfennig A, Modell S, Holsboer F. Subsyndromal AMDP scales to distinguish pathogenetically homogenous subgroups of affective disorders. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-825388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Brunner J, Ising M, Binder EB, Künzel HE, Nickel T, Pfennig A, Kern N, Fuchs B, Majer M, Holsboer F, Modell S. Prediction of response to antidepressant monotherapy. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-825284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Brunner J, Bronisch T, Pfister H, Jacobi F, Wittchen HU. High cholesterol, triglycerides, and body-mass index in suicide attempters with major depression. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-825283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pfennig A, Kuenzel HE, Kern N, Fuchs B, Brunner J, Ising M, Modell S, Müller-Myhsok B, Binder EB, Holsboer F. HPA axis dysregulation and suicidal behavior in depression – Differentiation of a genetically distinct subgroup? PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-825457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bison P, Schaefer S, Sagban T, Brunner J, Lehr H. Vitamin C attenuates the tissue damage by combined ischemia/reperfusion injury and cigarette smoke: intravital microscopic observations in the dorsal skinfold chamber of hamsters. Pathol Res Pract 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0344-0338(04)80538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dinser R, Brunner J, Engel A. [Excessive hyperferritinemia as an indication of a reactive hemophagocytosis syndrome]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2003; 128:1282-4. [PMID: 12789637 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-39796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS A 17-year-old girl with a history of a polyarthritis of unknown etiology was admitted because of acute fever and general weakness. There were palpable cervical lymph nodes and her body temperature was 39.5 degrees C. INVESTIGATIONS GOT was raised to 282 U/1, GPT to 266 U/l lactate dehydrogenase to 1275 U/I and bilirubin to 0.6 mg/dl. The Quick value was 67%, albumin 28 mg/dl. White cell count was decreased to 1700/microl, with 43% granulocytes, 39% lymphocytes, 17% monocytes. Platelet count was 64,000/microl. Ultrasound revealed splenomegaly. Ferritin was markedly raised to 11,860 ng/ml (normal up to 150 ng/ml). An epstein-barr-virus infection was found. THERAPY AND CLINICAL COURSE Suspecting a reactive hemophagocytosis syndrome, she was treated with prednisolone (2 mg/kg). The diagnosis was confirmed by a bone marrow aspirate. The patient's condition and laboratory values improved rapidly. CONCLUSION Markedly increased ferritin levels in a clinically septic patient with an underlying rheumatic disease indicates a hemophagocytotic syndrome. High dosage steroid should be started before there is biopsy confirmation of the disease.
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Friedman TM, Varadi G, Hopely DD, Filicko J, Wagner J, Ferber A, Martinez J, Brunner J, Grosso D, McGuire L, Korngold R, Flomenberg N. Nonmyeloablative conditioning allows for more rapid T-cell repertoire reconstitution following allogeneic matched unrelated bone marrow transplantation compared to myeloablative approaches. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2003; 7:656-64. [PMID: 11787528 DOI: 10.1053/bbmt.2001.v7.pm11787528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonmyeloablative pretransplantation conditioning regimens have resulted in durable engraftment of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells. In contrast to conventional fully myeloablative approaches, nonmyeloablative regimens are associated with a marked reduction of morbidity and mortality in the early posttransplantation period. Consequently, such reduced-intensity transplantation approaches can be used in older and frailer patients who would not tolerate fully ablative regimens. However, it is currently unclear how this radically different transplantation strategy affects immunological reconstitution. To address this important issue, we used T-cell receptor Vbeta spectratype analysis to examine the distribution of complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3)-size bands as a measure of the complexity of the redeveloping T-cell repertoire. For this study, we evaluated the T-cell repertoire of 9 patients receiving T-cell replete, matched unrelated donor transplants following fully ablative or nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens. All 4 of the myeloablative and 2 of the nonmyeloablative patients received bone marrow, whereas 3 other nonmyeloablative patients received peripheral blood stem cells. The results of the spectratype analysis demonstrated that the patients who received nonmyeloablative conditioning together with either bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells exhibited more rapid reconstitution of T-cell repertoire complexity.
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Wetter TC, Brunner J, Bronisch T. Restless legs syndrome probably induced by risperidone treatment. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2002; 35:109-11. [PMID: 12107855 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-31514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to some reports, patients treated with risperidone may develop akathisia. Restless legs syndrome (RLS), which shares some clinical features with akathisia, is a distinct movement and sleep disorder that may be induced by various drugs that act on the CNS. METHODS We studied a 31-year-old patient suffering from a schizoaffective disorder including auditory hallucinations who developed symptoms typical of the RLS during treatment with risperidone, using polysomnography to objectify sleep disturbances and associated periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS). RESULTS After switching from clozapine to risperidone treatment, the patient complained about dysethesias primarily of the legs, an urge to walk around, and sleep disturbances. The latter could be confirmed by polysomnography, including an abnormal PLMS index. Risperidone was switched to haloperidol. However, RLS symptoms were still present. After switching to quetiapine, RLS symptoms vanished and a second polysomnography test demonstrated better sleep quality and normal PLMS measurements. During the whole treatment period with different neuroleptics, the patient additionally received valproic acid. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms typical of RLS may be induced by risperidone treatment and should be differentiated from akathisia. Although polysomnography is not necessary, it may be helpful confirming the diagnosis.
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Brunner J, Parhofer KG, Schwandt P, Bronisch T. [Cholesterol, omega-3 fatty acids, and suicide risk: empirical evidence and pathophysiological hypotheses]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2001; 69:460-7. [PMID: 11602922 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-17564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies in psychiatric patients described an association between lower serum cholesterol concentrations, suicidality, depression, impulsivity, and aggression which is not entirely attributable to depression-related malnutrition and weight-loss. Several lines of evidence suggest that a serotonergic deficit in the prefrontal cortex may predispose vulnerable subjects to impulsive, autoaggressive, and suicidal behaviour in stressful life-events. In-vitro studies, animal experiments, and human in-vivo studies support the hypothesis that cholesterol reduction may contribute to the serotonergic abnormalities which have been postulated in suicidal subjects. Recently it was hypothesized that decreased consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially omega-3 fatty acids, may be a risk factor for depression and suicide. Data from human studies in healthy volunteers suggest that increasing the dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids may increase central serotonergic activity and reduce impulsive and aggressive behaviours. Earlier epidemiological studies showed an association between low cholesterol concentrations and increased suicide risk. Recent epidemiological studies with greater samples and longer follow-up periods, however, even showed a positive correlation between cholesterol concentrations and suicide risk after controlling for potential confounding variables. Large trials of statins (simvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin) did not show an increase of suicide mortality.
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Beck K, Eisner G, Trescher D, Dalbey RE, Brunner J, Müller M. YidC, an assembly site for polytopic Escherichia coli membrane proteins located in immediate proximity to the SecYE translocon and lipids. EMBO Rep 2001; 2:709-14. [PMID: 11463745 PMCID: PMC1083991 DOI: 10.1093/embo-reports/kve154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Like its mitochondrial homolog Oxa1p, the inner membrane protein YidC of Escherichia coli is involved in the integration of membrane proteins. We have analyzed individual insertion steps of the polytopic E. coli membrane protein MtlA targeted as ribosome-nascent chain complexes to inner membrane vesicles. YidC can accommodate at least the first two transmembrane segments of MtlA at the protein lipid interface and retain them even though the length of the nascent chain would amply allow insertion into membrane lipids. An even longer insertion intermediate of MtlA is described that still has the first transmembrane helix bound to YidC while the third contacts SecE and YidC during integration. Our findings suggest that YidC forms a contiguous integration unit with the SecYE translocon and functions as an assembly site for polytopic membrane proteins mediating the formation of helix bundles prior to their release into the membrane lipids.
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Brooks T, Bruner AG, Brunner J, da Fonseca GA, Liu R, Sung W, Yan X. The pandas' habitat at Wolong Nature Reserve. Science 2001; 293:603-5. [PMID: 11476086 DOI: 10.1126/science.293.5530.603b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Urbanus ML, Scotti PA, Froderberg L, Saaf A, de Gier JW, Brunner J, Samuelson JC, Dalbey RE, Oudega B, Luirink J. Sec-dependent membrane protein insertion: sequential interaction of nascent FtsQ with SecY and YidC. EMBO Rep 2001; 2:524-9. [PMID: 11415986 PMCID: PMC1083902 DOI: 10.1093/embo-reports/kve108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies identified YidC as a novel membrane factor that may play a key role in membrane insertion of inner membrane proteins (IMPs), both in conjunction with the Sec-translocase and as a separate entity. Here, we show that the type II IMP FtsQ requires both the translocase and, to a lesser extent, YidC in vivo. Using photo-crosslinking we demonstrate that the transmembrane (TM) domain of the nascent IMP FtsQ inserts into the membrane close to SecY and lipids, and moves to a combined YidC/lipid environment upon elongation. These data are consistent with a crucial role for YidC in the lateral transfer of TM domains from the Sec translocase into the lipid bilayer.
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Fassbender K, Hodapp B, Rossol S, Bertsch T, Schmeck J, Schütt S, Fritzinger M, Horn P, Vajkoczy P, Kreisel S, Brunner J, Schmiedek P, Hennerici M. Inflammatory cytokines in subarachnoid haemorrhage: association with abnormal blood flow velocities in basal cerebral arteries. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001; 70:534-7. [PMID: 11254783 PMCID: PMC1737308 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.70.4.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoidal release of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha) was characterised in 35 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and control subjects and compared with development of complicating haemodynamic abnormalities in basal cerebral arteries and clinical outcome. Serial analysis allowed the observation of a subacute response profile of these key mediators of inflammation in the subarachnoidal space. This compartmentalised inflammatory host response was closely associated in time and extent with development of increased blood flow velocities in the basal cerebral vessels as recorded by transcranial Doppler sonography. Moreover, intrathecal secretion of inflammatory cytokines was significantly increased in patients with poor clinical outcome. Together, these findings suggest a role of excessive compartmentalised inflammatory host response in pathogenesis of cerebrovascular complications after SAH.
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Schütze S, Wickel M, Heinrich M, Winoto-Morbach S, Weber T, Brunner J, Krönke M. Use of affinity chromatography and TID-ceramide photoaffinity labeling for detection of ceramide-binding proteins. Methods Enzymol 2001; 312:429-38. [PMID: 11070891 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(00)12928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Heinrich M, Wickel M, Winoto-Morbach S, Schneider-Brachert W, Weber T, Brunner J, Saftig P, Peters C, Krönke M, Schütze S. Ceramide as an activator lipid of cathepsin D. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2001; 477:305-15. [PMID: 10849758 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46826-3_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have identified the aspartic protease cathepsin D as a novel intracellular target protein for the lipid second messenger ceramide. Ceramide specifically binds to and induces CTSD proteolytic activity. A-SMase deficient cells derived from Niemann-Pick patients show decreased CTSD activity that was reconstituted by transfection with A-SMase cDNA. Ceramide accumulation in cells derived from A-ceramidase defective Farber patients correlates with enhanced CTSD activity. These findings suggest that A-SMase-derived ceramide targets endolysosomal CTSD.
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Brunner J, Stalla GK, Stalla J, Uhr M, Grabner A, Wetter TC, Bronisch T. Decreased corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of eucortisolemic suicide attempters. J Psychiatr Res 2001; 35:1-9. [PMID: 11287050 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3956(01)00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest a dysregulation of the adrenocortical (HPA) system with hypersecretion of CRH is associated with suicidal behavior. However, controversial results have emerged from the determination of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) concentrations in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of suicide attempters probably due to methodological differences. We simultaneously measured CRH concentrations in the CSF and in the plasma of 41 psychiatric in-patients with different diagnoses (affective disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, adjustment disorder, substance abuse) and eight neurological control subjects. We also measured plasma cortisol concentrations because data from animal experiments suggest that cortisol may influence CSF CRH concentrations. The major finding was that patients who attempted suicide prior to admission had significantly lower CSF CRH concentrations than psychiatric patients without suicidal behavior. CRH concentrations were significantly higher in the CSF than in plasma in both, psychiatric patients and neurological control subjects. There was no significant difference between suicide attempters and patients with acute suicidal ideations. The latter group showed a trend towards lower CSF CRH concentrations compared with the neurological control subjects. Patients with affective disorder alone as well as patients with multiple diagnoses, but not schizophrenic patients, showed significantly lower CSF CRH concentrations than neurological control subjects. Plasma CRH and plasma cortisol concentrations did not differ among diagnostic groups or between suicide attempters vs. non-attempters. Further studies with more homogeneous samples, drug-free patients and with simultaneous assessment of various parameters of the HPA system are warranted.
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Williams JD, Weiner BE, Ormand JR, Brunner J, Thornquest AD, Burinsky DJ. Automated molecular weight assignment of electrospray ionization mass spectra. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2001; 15:2446-2455. [PMID: 11746916 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Process improvements in the synthesis of therapeutic agents and their intermediates are often facilitated by identification of reaction by-products. Analysis by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with electrospray ionization is a powerful approach for obtaining molecular weight information for these compounds. Such analyses are well suited for 'open-access' mass spectrometry using generic chromatographic conditions, provided spectral interpretation for unknown compounds is facile. We have developed a software application (MassAssign) that facilitates automated data processing and molecular weight assignment for chromatographic peaks detected by any standard ultraviolet-visible wavelength detector. The program assigns [M + H](+) ions (and thus molecular weight) in the mass spectra using predetermined criteria. This evaluation process differentiates [M + H](+) ions from other signals in a complex mass spectrum such as those resulting from chromatographic coelution or the presence of multiple species (i.e., fragment ions, singly charged ions, doubly charged ions, adduct ions, proton-bound dimers, etc.). Once the program has evaluated all ions in a mass spectrum that exceed a preset abundance threshold, MassAssign reports either a numeric value-indicating the chromatographic peak consists of a single component having the displayed molecular weight, 'MC'-indicating the peak consisted of multiple components, or 'ND'-that a molecular weight could not be determined unequivocally. The performance of the program was evaluated by comparing mass assignments made by MassAssign against manual interpretation for 55 samples analyzed by positive electrospray ionization using a generic HPLC method. Correct molecular weight assignments were obtained in 90% of the cases.
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Fassbender K, Hodapp B, Rossol S, Bertsch T, Schmeck J, Schütt S, Fritzinger M, Horn P, Vajkoczy P, Wendel-Wellner M, Ragoschke A, Kuehl S, Brunner J, Schürer L, Schmiedeck P, Hennerici M. Endothelin-1 in subarachnoid hemorrhage: An acute-phase reactant produced by cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes. Stroke 2000; 31:2971-5. [PMID: 11108758 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.31.12.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The most potent vasoconstrictor known, endothelin-1, is currently considered to mediate cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which can cause delayed cerebral ischemia. In our study, we performed clinical and in vitro experiments to investigate the origin and the mechanisms of the secretion of endothelin-1 in SAH. METHODS Endothelin-1 and markers of inflammatory host response (interleukin [IL]-1ss, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) were comparatively quantified in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of SAH patients and control subjects, and concentrations were related to clinical characteristics. Furthermore, mononuclear leukocytes isolated from the CSF of SAH patients and control subjects were analyzed regarding their mRNA expression of endothelin-1 and inflammatory cytokines. Finally, complementary in vitro experiments were performed to investigate whether coincubation of blood and CSF can trigger leukocytic mRNA expression and release of these factors. RESULTS Activated mononuclear leukocytes in the CSF of SAH patients synthesize and release endothelin-1 in parallel with known acute-phase reactants (IL-1ss, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). Complementary in vitro experiments not only further confirmed this leukocytic origin of endothelin-1 but also showed that aging and subsequent hemolysis of blood is sufficient to induce such endothelin-1 production. CONCLUSIONS The demonstration that endothelin-1 is produced by activated CSF mononuclear leukocytes suggests that subarachnoid inflammation may represent a therapeutic target to prevent vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia after SAH.
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Scharli M, Brunner J, Vaterlaus HP, Levy F. The influence of V impurities on the electronic and vibrational properties of TiS2single crystals. II. Angular-resolved photoemission studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/16/8/021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Heinrich SU, Mothes W, Brunner J, Rapoport TA. The Sec61p complex mediates the integration of a membrane protein by allowing lipid partitioning of the transmembrane domain. Cell 2000; 102:233-44. [PMID: 10943843 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated how the transmembrane (TM) domain of a membrane protein is cotranslationally integrated into the endoplasmic reticulum. We demonstrate that the Sec61p channel allows the TM domain to bypass the barrier posed by the polar head groups of the lipid bilayer and come into contact with the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. Together with the TRAM protein, Sec61p provides a site in the membrane, at the interface of channel and lipid, through which a TM domain can dynamically equilibrate between the lipid and aqueous phases, depending on the hydrophobicity of the TM domain and the length of the polypeptide segment tethering it to the ribosome. Our results suggest a unifying, lipid-partitioning model which can explain the general behavior of hydrophobic topogenic sequences.
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