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Seige M, Schweigart U, Moessmer G, Schneider KT, Classen M. Extensive hepatic infarction caused by thrombosis of right portal vein branches and arterial vasospasm in HELLP syndrome associated with homozygous factor V Leiden. Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93:473-4. [PMID: 9517665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.468_4.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Classen M. Foreword. Endoscopy 1998. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-993717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Alexiou C, Neuhaus H, Kau RJ, Hauck R, Classen M. Treatment of an esophagorespiratory fistula by insertion of an esophageal Montgomery and tracheal dynamic stent after failure of conventional endoprosthesis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1998; 60:51-4. [PMID: 9519383 DOI: 10.1159/000027563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Esophagorespiratory fistulae at the adult age can develop through malignant tumor growth, endoscopy, bougienage, laser therapy, or through a radiochemotherapy. We report a female patient with inoperable bronchial cancer, who developed a symptomatic esophagorespiratory fistula during radiochemotherapy with cisplatin. At first, conventional plastic tubes and then novel selfexpanding silicone-coated Gianturco-Song stents were used in an unsuccessful attempt to close the fistula. After the extraction of two Gianturco-Song stents, the insertion of a Montgomery-Salivary bypass stent in the esophagus and a dynamic stent in the trachea resulted in a permanent occlusion of the fistula. This case demonstrates that Montgomery-Salivary bypass stents do not tend to migrate due to their characteristic shape and self-fixation, and that the novel self-expanding, silicone coated Gianturco-Song stents can be extracted with rigid endoscopy if necessary.
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Schaffer K, Herrmuth H, Mueller J, Coy DH, Wong HC, Walsh JH, Classen M, Schusdziarra V, Schepp W. Bombesin-like peptides stimulate somatostatin release from rat fundic D cells in primary culture. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 273:G686-95. [PMID: 9316473 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.3.g686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In several species, bombesin-like neuropeptides stimulate somatostatin release in in vitro preparations of gastric mucosa. We sought to determine if this response is due to a direct effect on fundic D cells. Rat fundic mucosal cells were isolated by pronase E (1% D cells). D cells were separated by counterflow elutriation and subsequent density-gradient centrifugation (Nycodenz) (15% D cells) and grown in primary culture for 48 h (46% D cells). Cultured cells were double stained with affinity-purified rabbit-anti-gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor antibody and mouse monoclonal antibody to human somatostatin. After incubation with rhodamine-labeled anti-rabbit and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled anti-mouse antibodies, reactions were visualized by fluorescence microscopy. All cells positive for somatostatin had GRP receptors, whereas all non-D cells showed no expression in this G cell-free culture system. Somatostatin release from cultured cells was stimulated by sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8; EC50 3 X 10(-10) M) and epinephrine (EC50 4 X 10(-8) M), which are established stimuli for canine fundic D cells. Bombesin (EC50 6 X 10(-11) M), its mammalian analog GRP-27, and neuromedin C (GRP-10) (EC50 1 X 10(-10) M, for both) were almost equally potent stimuli of somatostatin release, eliciting maximal response at 10(-9) M (400-550% above basal). Neuromedin B was less potent and effective (maximal response at 10(-8) M, 230% above basal). [D-Phe6]bombesin-(6-13)-OMe, a specific bombesin receptor antagonist, inhibited bombesin-stimulated somatostatin release in a competitive manner (IC50 9 X 10(-8) M). Potentiating interactions were observed between bombesin and dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP) or epinephrine, but not between bombesin and CCK-8. We conclude that bombesin-like peptides directly stimulate somatostatin release by interacting with specific receptors on rat fundic D cells. Bombesin-like peptides appear to induce Ca(2+)-phospholipid-dependent signal-response transduction, as is indirectly suggested by potentiating interactions with DBcAMP or epinephrine.
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Brune IB, Feussner H, Neuhaus H, Classen M, Siewert JR. Laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy and endoscopic biliary stent placement for palliation of incurable gastric outlet obstruction with cholestasis. Surg Endosc 1997; 11:834-7. [PMID: 9266646 DOI: 10.1007/s004649900465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with incurable malignant gastric outlet obstruction and cholestasis, laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy combined with endoscopic biliary stent placement seems to offer a minimally invasive palliation. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of 16 patients submitted to laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy. Laparoscopic gastroenterostomy was performed as an antecolic, side-to-side gastrojejunostomy with enteroenterostomy. In 12 patients cholestasis was relieved preoperatively by stent placement via endoscopy (n = 6, 37.5%), percutaneous access (n = 5, 31%) or bilioenteric anastomosis (n = 1, 6.25%). One patient needed a percutaneous Yamakawa prosthesis postoperatively. RESULTS Mean operative time was 126 min. There were no intraoperative complications. In one patient conversion to open surgery became necessary because of extensive adhesions. The only postoperative complication was bleeding from a trocar site requiring reintervention; there was no mortality. Median postoperative hospital stay was 7 days. Delayed gastric emptying was observed in 3 (18.7%) patients. Median survival was 87 days after the operation. All patients died from their primary disease but could maintain oral intake during the remaining survival time. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy and endoscopic or percutaneous biliary stenting provide a good functional result while impairing the quality of life only to a minimal extent.
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Lersch C, Classen M. [Palliative therapy of carcinomas of the biliary system]. MEDIZINISCHE KLINIK (MUNICH, GERMANY : 1983) 1997; 92:401-5. [PMID: 9324624 DOI: 10.1007/bf03042570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CARCINOMA OF THE GALLBLADDER: Only patients suffering from advanced disease have symptoms, that is pain, jaundice, weight loss. Mean 5-year survival rate tends to be lower than 5%. Tumors can be resected with negative margins in 15 to 25% of the patients. Obstructive jaundice can be managed with endoscopic biliary stent in 84% of the patients. After radiotherapy tumor regression is observed in 80% of the patients. Their mean survival time is 10 months. CHOLANGIOCARCINOMAS More than 90% of the patients present with jaundice. At the time of presentation, 50% of the patients already have metastases to lymph nodes. Mean total survival time of all patients is 12 months. Surgical resection can successfully be performed in 30 to 40% of the patients suffering from proximal cholangiocarcinomas. Distal unresectable tumors are best palliated with an endoscopically placed stent in 97.5% of the patients. Patients having undergone radiotherapy will have a mean survival time of 9 to 12 months. There is a 12% response rate after chemotherapy with single agents and one of 23% after combined regimens. Intraarterial application of chemotherapy results in 44% response rate. CONCLUSION Carcinomas of the biliary tract are often diagnosed at advanced inoperable stages. Patients quality of life can be ameliorated by palliative treatment, i.e. biliary stents, radio-, chemotherapy. Mean survival time does normally not exceed 1 year.
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Schweigart U, Franck H, Schepp W, Lehn N, Becker K, Classen M. [Toxic megacolon after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy]. Internist (Berl) 1997; 38:352-4. [PMID: 9213574 DOI: 10.1007/s001080050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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83
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Alexiou C, Neuhaus H, Kau RJ, Hauck R, Schick RR, Classen M. [Occlusion of an esophagobronchial fistula by implantation of a Montgomery esophageal and a dynamic tracheal stent after failure of conventional endoprosthesis]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 1997; 35:277-83. [PMID: 9221611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Esophagorespiratory fistulas were frequently caused by malignant tumors, bougienage, laser therapy or radiochemotherapy. We here report the case of a patient with inoperable bronchial cancer, who developed a symptomatic esophagorespiratory fistula during combined radiochemotherapy with Cisplatin. A sufficient occlusion of the fistula could not be achieved with conventional plastic tubes or novel self-expanding silicone-coated Gianturco Song stents. After extraction of two Gianturco Song stents we inserted a Montgomery Salivary Bypass Stent into the esophagus and Dynamic stent into the trachea. This resulted in a total occlusion of the fistula. This present case suggests that the Montgomery stent may have little tendency to migrate due to its characteristic configuration and fixation and further demonstrates that the novel self-expanding silicone-coated Gianturco Song stents can be removed, if necessary.
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Weigert N, Li YY, Schick RR, Coy DH, Classen M, Schusdziarra V. Role of vagal fibers and bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide-neurons in distention-induced gastrin release in rats. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1997; 69:33-40. [PMID: 9163580 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(97)02127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the rat the exact role of vagal fibers and the interaction between the extrinsic and intrinsic neural system in distention-induced gastrin release are still a matter of debate. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to examine the contribution of afferent and efferent vagal fibers as well as intrinsic neurons on gastrin response to gastric distention. In anesthetized rats graded gastric distention by 5, 10 and 15 ml saline for 20 min caused a significant volume-dependent increase of plasma gastrin levels by 12+/-6 pg/ml (5 ml saline, n = 8, P =0.05), 26+/-7 pg/ml (10 ml saline, n = 10, P < 0.05) and 37+/-7 pg/ml (15 ml saline, n = 8, P < 0.01 ), respectively. To examine the role of the extrinsic vagal innervation, gastrin response to distention was studied in anesthetized rats after bilateral truncal vagotomy (n = 9) or selective afferent vagotomy following pretreatment with capsaicin (n = 6). Stimulation of gastrin release by 10 ml distention in sham-operated control rats was reversed to an inhibition after truncal vagotomy (26+/-7 vs. -11+/-4 pg/ml; P<0.05) and capsaicin-treatment (37+/-18 vs. -34+/-11 pg/ml; P<0.05). A contribution of cholinergic mechanisms to this vagovagal-mediated stimulation of distention-induced gastrin release was excluded, since atropine (100 microg/kg/h; n = 8) further augmented distention-stimulated gastrin release. Since bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-neurons contribute to vagally stimulated gastrin secretion, we have examined gastrin response to distention in the presence of the specific bombesin-receptor antagonist D-Phe6-BN(6-13)OMe (400 microg/kg/h: n = 10). This bombesin-antagonist completely reduced distention-stimulated gastrin release in vivo. In contrast, distention of the isolated, extrinsically denervated stomach significantly decreased gastrin release by 13+/-5 pg/min (5 ml saline, n = 8, P < 0.05), 28+/-8 pg/min (10 ml saline, n = 11, P < 0.05) and 35+/-10 pg/min (15 ml saline, n = 8, P < 0.01), respectively, without changing the activity of bombesin/GRP-neurons. Distention-induced decrease of gastrin release was attenuated to 50 percent by atropine (10(-7) M: n = 10) or tetrodotoxin (TTX) (10(-6) M; n = 10), respectively. These data demonstrate, that in anesthetized rats distention-stimulated gastrin secretion depends on the activation of a vagovagal reflex and intrinsic bombesin/GRP-neurons. In contrast distention of the isolated rat stomach inhibits gastrin release in part via intrinsic cholinergic pathways and other as yet unknown mechanisms.
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Lersch C, Classen M. [Prevention of cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1997; 122:169-73. [PMID: 9081804 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1047592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Prinz C, Neumayer N, Mahr S, Classen M, Schepp W. Functional impairment of rat enterochromaffin-like cells by interleukin 1 beta. Gastroenterology 1997; 112:364-75. [PMID: 9024290 DOI: 10.1053/gast.1997.v112.pm9024290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Histamine-producing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells play an integrative role in the regulation of acid secretion. Decreased mucosal histamine concentrations and increased levels of interleukin (IL) 1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 have been detected in the gastric mucosa inflamed with Helicobacter pylori. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of isolated ECL cells to these cytokines. METHODS Enriched rat gastric ECL cells (85%-95%) were cultured for 2-4 days. RESULTS Polymerase chain reaction showed IL-1 and IL-6, but not IL-8 receptors, in ECL cell complementary DNA. Positive receptor staining with biotinylated IL-1 beta corresponded to ECL cell enrichment (92%). IL-6 and IL-8 had no effect on histamine secretion. IL-1 beta (2 U/mL) stimulated basal histamine secretion and nitric oxide production within 60 minutes and cyclic guanosine monophosphate production within 20 minutes. Pretreatment for 20 minutes with IL-1 beta (2 U/mL) attenuated gastrin-stimulated histamine secretion by 40%-50%, reversed by the IL-1 receptor antagonist (10 U/ mL). Pretreatment for 20 minutes with IL-1 beta (2 U/mL) completely inhibited gastrin-stimulated (1 nmol/L) histidine decarboxylase activity. IL-1 beta (2 U/mL, 60 minutes) increased lactate dehydrogenase release to 25% of cell content. Cells pretreated with IL-1 beta did not respond to gastrin after a further 48-hour culture and showed decreased histamine content. CONCLUSIONS ECL cells appear to express IL-1 receptors. IL-1 beta causes sustained functional impairment of ECL cells in vitro.
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Classen M, Illiger HJ, Mattern S, Schmiegel W. [Interdisciplinary guidelines: cholelithiasis]. LANGENBECKS ARCHIV FUR CHIRURGIE. SUPPLEMENT. KONGRESSBAND. DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUR CHIRURGIE. KONGRESS 1997; 114:91-4. [PMID: 9574105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quality management in internal medicine and surgery is especially difficult because of the magnitude of these two subjects. Between the years 1994 and 1996, the German scientific societies of internal medicine developed the manual "Rationelle Diagnostik und Therapie in der Inneren Medizin". The cooperation of colleagues was most helpful when the interests of several internal branches were involved. An even greater challenge is the development of interdisciplinary internal and surgical guidelines, which are presented here for cholelithiasis.
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Weigert N, Li YY, Lippl F, Coy DH, Classen M, Schusdziarra V. Role of endogenous bombesin-peptides during vagal stimulation of gastric acid secretion in the rat. Neuropeptides 1996; 30:521-7. [PMID: 9004248 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4179(96)90033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The stimulatory effect of exogenous bombesin and its related mammalian peptides on gastric acid secretion and gastrin release has been examined in detail, while the regulatory role of endogenously released bombesin-like peptides is largely unknown. Accordingly we have determined the effect of a specific bombesin receptor antagonist during vagal stimulation of gastric acid secretion and gastrin release. In anesthetized rats electrical stimulation of the vagal nerves (10 V, 10 Hz, 1 ms) significantly increased plasma gastrin levels by 82 +/- 11 pg/20 min (P < 0.01) and gastric acid output by 99.4 +/- 9.9 mueq/20 min (P < 0.01). Intravenous infusion of the specific bombesin receptor antagonist D-Phe6-BN(6-13)OMe (400 nmol/kg/h) significantly reduced vagally induced increase of plasma gastrin levels by 70% to 29 +/- 8 pg/20 min (P < 0.05 vs control) and vagally stimulated gastric acid output by 40% to 57.4 +/- 10.6 mueq/20 min (P < 0.05 vs control). To demonstrate that the residual gastrin and acid response is due to non-bombesinergic mechanisms and not to an inadequate dose of the receptor antagonist, the latter was tested against gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) at the maximally effective concentration of 300 pmol/kg/h, which resulted in an even 50% higher increase of plasma gastrin levels compared to vagal stimulation. The dose of the antagonist employed (400 nmol/kg/h) was sufficient to abolish GRP-induced stimulation of gastrin and gastric acid secretion. Previously it has been postulated that endogenous bombesin-peptides can stimulate acid secretion via gastrin-independent mechanisms. To investigate this possibility further the effect of the antagonist was examined on vagally induced acid secretion while gastrin levels were restored to the range of the respective control experiments. In presence of the antagonist the infusion of gastrin-17 (15 pmol/kg/h) in addition to vagal stimulation elevated plasma gastrin to levels not different from those during vagal stimulation alone. With identical plasma gastrin levels the bombesin receptor antagonist had no effect on vagally stimulated acid secretion (86.3 +/- 10.7 mueq/20 min vs 99.4 +/- 9.9 mueq/20 min in the controls; n.s.). In conclusion, the present data demonstrate for the first time that in rats in vivo endogenous bombesin peptides contribute to vagal stimulation of gastrin release and gastric acid secretion. Furthermore, endogenous bombesin-peptides exert their action on parietal cell function via an increase of gastrin release, while non-gastrinergic mechanisms are unimportant under the experimental conditions employed.
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Guba M, Kuhn M, Forssmann WG, Classen M, Gregor M, Seidler U. Guanylin strongly stimulates rat duodenal HCO3- secretion: proposed mechanism and comparison with other secretagogues. Gastroenterology 1996; 111:1558-68. [PMID: 8942735 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(96)70018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Guanylin and heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) stimulate intestinal Cl- secretion via activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR)-encoded Cl- channel. It was speculated that CFTR activation also regulates electrogenic duodenal HCO3- secretion. Therefore, the effect of guanylin/STa and other secretagogues on rat duodenal HCO3- secretion was studied. METHODS The HCO3- secretory rate of in vitro rat proximal duodenum was determined by pH stat titration and paracellular permeability by 3H-mannitol fluxes, bidirectional 36Cl- fluxes were measured, and the short-circuit current (Isc) was recorded. RESULTS Luminal guanylin and STa concentration dependently stimulated the HCO3- secretory rate and Isc. Guanylin-stimulated HCO3- secretion was independent of luminal Cl-, inhibited by the Cl- channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate, and additive to the HCO3- secretory rate stimulated by glucagon and carbachol but not by the tested adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent agonists. The ratio of the HCO3- secretory rate/Isc stimulated by the tested guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent agonists was markedly higher than the cAMP-dependent agonists. Prostaglandin E2 and 8-bromo-cAMP but not STa/guanylin also transiently increased paracellular permeability. CONCLUSIONS Guanylin and STa stimulate electrogenic HCO3- secretion in rat duodenum, most likely via CFTR Cl- channel activation, but the different relationship for HCO3- to Isc in cGMP-than in cAMP-stimulated anion secretion suggests a different cellular source and/or signaling pathways.
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Schepp W, Dehne K, Riedel T, Schmidtler J, Schaffer K, Classen M. Oxyntomodulin: a cAMP-dependent stimulus of rat parietal cell function via the receptor for glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)NH2. Digestion 1996; 57:398-405. [PMID: 8913701 DOI: 10.1159/000201367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that in highly enriched rat gastric parietal cells the intestinal peptide hormones oxyntomodulin and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) compete for receptor-binding with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a potent cAMP-dependent stimulus of H+ production in vitro. It is, however, unknown whether oxyntomodulin and GLP-2 elicit a biological response by interacting with the GLP-1 receptor. Therefore, we used enriched rat parietal cells to investigate the effects of both hormones on the production of cAMP and H+ ([14C]aminopyrine accumulation). Both parameters were stimulated by oxyntomodulin in a concentration-dependent manner. EC50 values were 6.2.10(-8) and 2.5.10(-7) M oxyntomodulin for stimulation of H+ and cAMP production, respectively. The maximally effective concentrations for stimulation of [14C]aminopyrine accumulation and cAMP production were 1.10(-6) and 1.10(-5) M oxyntomodulin, respectively. At these concentrations oxyntomodulin was nearly as effective as 10(-4) M histamine and equally effective as 10(-8) M GLP-1 (7-36)NH2. In the enriched parietal cell preparation there was no immunocytochemical evidence of contaminating D cells. Accordingly, the responses to oxyntomodulin and GLP-1 (7-36)NH2 were not augmented by incubating the cells in the presence of a polyclonal anti-somatostatin antibody. [14C]Aminopyrine accumulation in response to oxyntomodulin was inhibited by the GLP-1 (7-36)NH2 receptor antagonist, exendin (9-39)NH2, but not by the H2-receptor antagonist, ranitidine. Oxyntomodulin and carbachol acted additively to stimulate [14C]aminopyrine accumulation. GLP-2 (10(-7) to 10(-5)M) was without effect on basal H+ and cAMP production; however, at 10(-5) M GLP-2 markedly inhibited oxyntomodulin-stimulated [14C]aminopyrine accumulation. It is concluded that, by interacting with parietal cell receptors for GLP-1 (7-36)NH2, oxyntomodulin, but not GLP-2, directly stimulates H+ production by activating the adenylate cyclase.
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Born P, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Ott R, Allescher H, Frimberger E, Classen M. Initial experience with a new, partially covered Wallstent for malignant biliary obstruction. Endoscopy 1996; 28:699-702. [PMID: 8934089 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1005580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Metal billiary stents have been shown to be superior to plastic stents with regard to patency and the risk of dislocation. However, tumor ingrowth through the mesh continues to be a significant problem. We report here on our preliminary experience with covered metal stents. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ten patients (mean age 68 years) with malignant biliary obstruction, who were not considered to be surgical candidates, received a partially covered Wallstent. The patients were followed up prospectively for one year, including laboratory tests, abdominal ultrasound, and plain abdominal radiographs during the first three months, and by monthly telephone interview thereafter. RESULTS Stent insertion was technically successful in all patients, and led to a reduction in bilirubin levels from 8.4 mg/dl to 0.7 mg/dl. The mean survival of the patients was 7.5 months after the diagnosis of malignancy, and six months after stent insertion; only two patients were still alive after 12 months. During the observation period, four patients suffered from stent dysfunction for periods of one to nine months. These dysfunctions included three stent occlusions, which were successfully treated by inserting plastic stents, and one dislocation, which was treated by endoscopic replacement of the stent. There appeared to be a correlation between the narrowest stent diameter immediately after release and stent dysfunction. CONCLUSION Covering biliary metal stents is a potential solution to prevent tissue ingrowth. However, current prototypes need to be improved in order to achieve this goal.
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Born P, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Lorenz R, Classen M. A minimally invasive palliative approach to advanced pancreatic and papillary cancer causing both biliary and duodenal obstruction. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 1996; 34:416-20. [PMID: 8776834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with both duodenal and biliary obstruction in whom endoscopic drainage is not feasible, the standard approach has been gastroenterostomy plus biliodigestive anastomosis. We present our results of percutaneous biliary drainage in combination with gastroenterostomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-one patients, who received permanent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and gastroenterostomy in case of symptomatic gastric outlet obstruction were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS PTBD insertion succeeded in all patients; minor complications were encountered in 47.6% of cases. Bilirubin fell from 9.2 mg/dl (SD 7.6) to 4.9 mg/dl (SD 3.6). Gastroenterostomy, either open (n = 10) or laparoscopic (n = 6), had to be performed in 16 patients before, during or after PTBD. Thirty day mortality was 23.8%, not related to the procedure, but due to advanced neoplastic disease. Mean survival and hospital stay were 4.9 months (SD 3.6) and 21.5 days (SD 7.3) respectively. CONCLUSIONS The combination of PTBD and gastroenterostomy offers a promising alternative to surgery. However efforts to reduce complications as well as the duration of hospital stay are necessary.
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Born P, Brühl K, Rösch T, Ungeheuer A, Neuhaus H, Classen M. Long-term follow-up of endoscopic therapy in patients with post-surgical biliary leakage. HEPATO-GASTROENTEROLOGY 1996; 43:477-82. [PMID: 8799380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Leakage is a rare complication of biliary surgery which is thought to follow a benign course after appropriate treatment. However there is a paucity of long-term follow-up data. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective analysis, we present our experience with 21 patients in whom a biliary leakage was diagnosed following conventional and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 14) or other types of biliary surgeries such as liver transplantation or segmental liver resection. Long-term follow-up (mean: 15.5 months) was obtained by telephone contact with patients, families or referring physicians. RESULTS Endoscopic therapy was primarily successful in 20 of 21 patients and failed in 1 case with complete common bile duct dissection. Closure of the leakage was achieved by placement of nasobiliary tubes or endoprostheses with (n = 16) or without (n = 4) endoscopic papillotomy. Despite successful endoscopic therapy 3 patients died, 1 unrelated to the intervention, and 2 due to prolonged biliary sepsis (mortality: 9.5%; 30 day: 4.8%). Long-term follow-up in the surviving 18 patients showed them to be free of biliary complaints. CONCLUSION ERCP is the primary modality to diagnose and treat post-operative biliary leakages. Despite rapid healing of the leakage in all 20 successfully treated cases, complications-related mortality was higher than previously suspected.
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Seifarth C, Deusch K, Reich K, Classen M. Local cellular immune response in Helicobacter pylori associated type B gastritis--selective increase of CD4+ but not gamma delta T-cells in the immune response to H. pylori antigens. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 1996; 34:215-24. [PMID: 8686348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
During recent years the infectious etiology of the majority of cases of chronic active type B gastritis and peptic ulcers has become increasingly evident. The chronicity of clinical symptoms and histopathological features such as numerous mucosal lymphocytic aggregates have implied a role of the specific cellular immune system. Whereas in Type A chronic active gastritis a pathogenetic role of lymphocytes and their target structures have been amply documented, in chronic active type B gastritis particularly that associated with Helicobacter pylori infection the nature of a specific immune response and its role in the pathogenesis of the epithelial and mucosal lesion has remained obscure. Here we report that CD4+ mucosal lymphocytes appear to selectively accumulate in Helicobacter pylori associated chronically active antral gastritis. Moreover, lamina propria gamma delta T lymphocytes were found to be more frequent in chronic active type B gastritis irrespective of the presence of absence of Helicobacter pylori.
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Zillinger C, Frimberger E, Classen M. [Minimal invasive therapy of gallstones by laparoscopic cholecystostomy]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1996; 121:101-3. [PMID: 8631234 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1042979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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97
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Weigert N, Schaffer K, Schusdziarra V, Classen M, Schepp W. Gastrin secretion from primary cultures of rabbit antral G cells: stimulation by inflammatory cytokines. Gastroenterology 1996; 110:147-54. [PMID: 8536851 DOI: 10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8536851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis, local production of cytokines may favor hypergastrinemia as an endocrine link between H. pylori-induced gastritis and duodenal ulcer. The aim of this study was to characterize cytokine effects on cultured rabbit antral G cells. METHODS Monolayers (14.2% +/- 2.9% G cells) were studied after 48 hours in primary culture. RESULTS Interleukin (IL) 1 beta (50% effective concentration [EC50], 5.3 +/- 0.4 ng/mL) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha (EC50, 5.5 +/- 0.5 ng/mL) stimulated gastrin release to 50% of the maximal response to 10(-9) mol/L neuromedin C. Stimulation by the maximally effective concentration of IL-1 beta (10 ng/mL) was inhibited by the human IL-1 receptor antagonist (100 ng/mL; inhibitory constant, 23.0 ng/mL), which prefers type I over type II IL-1 receptors. The response to the maximally effective concentration of TNF-alpha (10 ng/mL) was markedly inhibited by monoclonal antibody H398, an antagonist at TNF P55 receptors (inhibitory constant, 1.7 micrograms/mL), whereas monoclonal antibody utr1, an antagonist at TNF P75 receptors, was ineffective. Stimulation by IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha was additive to the responses to neuromedin C and O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. IL-6 and IL-8 (0.1-50 ng/mL) were ineffective. CONCLUSIONS IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha stimulate gastrin secretion via receptors potentially residing on rabbit antral G cells themselves. We speculate that G cells express type I IL-1 receptors and TNF P55 but not TNF P75 receptors.
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Lersch C, Gericke D, Classen M. Efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin and unfractionated heparin to prevent adhesion of human prostate and bladder carcinoma and melanoma cells to bovine endothelial monolayers. An in vitro study and review of the literature. Urol Int 1996; 56:230-3. [PMID: 8776820 DOI: 10.1159/000282848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Adherence of human prostate carcinoma (PC 3, DU 145), bladder (647 V, J 82) carcinoma and melanoma (RPMI-8252) cell lines to plastic and bovine endothelial monolayers (BEM) was tested in the presence of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 IU of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), unfractionated heparin (UFH) or saline as a control. Culture medium was supplemented either with 5% fetal calf serum or with human plasma. Floating tumor cells were counted after 2, 4, 24 h of culture in microtiter plates without BEM and after 1.5, 3 and 24 h of culture on BEM. Twenty IU of LMWH increased the numbers of bladder carcinoma cells adhering to BEM as did 20 IU of UFH in cultures of DU 145 prostate carcinoma and RPMI-8252 melanoma cells. LMWH obviously does not prevent human prostate and bladder carcinoma and melanoma cells from adhering to BEM more effectively than UFH. The in vivo effect of UFH and perhaps also LMWH that hinders intravenous tumor cell colonization in blood vessels obviously does not depend on the interaction with endothelial cells alone.
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Born P, Zech J, Lehn H, Classen M, Lorenz R. Colonic bacterial activity determines the symptoms in people with fructose-malabsorption. HEPATO-GASTROENTEROLOGY 1995; 42:778-85. [PMID: 8847022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study was performed to find a parameter to discriminate symptomatic from asymptomatic subjects with fructose-malabsorption. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-four subjects (12 m, 22 f; average age, 28.6 years; range 16-60) were investigated after an overnight fast. After intake of 25 g fructose, H2-tests were carried out. Endexspiratory breath samples were taken before the ingestion of the tested sugar and at 30 minute intervals over a 2 hour period. Hydrogen determination was performed immediately after sampling. Results were considered pathological if there was a rise in hydrogen over 20 ppm and a twofold increase from the initial value. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures from stool bacteria were set and incubated with 0.5 g fructose. RESULTS Among 34 healthy controls, 13 malabsorbers (38%) were detected. Out of these malabsorbers, 6 (46%) reported gastrointestinal concomitant symptoms. Symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects with fructose-malabsorption showed a comparable increase in hydrogen levels. The disappearance rate of fructose in the stool cultures was significantly elevated in the symptomatic group compared with the asymptomatic, but only in the anaerobic culture. CONCLUSION This activity of colonic bacteria, significantly discriminating symptomatic subjects with fructose-malabsorption from asymptomatic, enhances the importance of fructose-malabsorption in the differential diagnosis of people with non-specific abdominal complaints. Antibiotic therapy in severe cases should be considered a therapeutical approach. Moreover these results may support the role of nutritional carbohydrates in the pathogenesis of colonic diseases.
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Classen M, Schepp W. [Remission of diarrhea of unknown origin in omeprazol therapy]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1995; 120:1414. [PMID: 7555667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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