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Ahmed M, Owens MJS, Toledo EM, Arenas E, Bradley M, ffrench-Constant C. Combinatorial ECM Arrays Identify Cooperative Roles for Matricellular Proteins in Enhancing the Generation of TH+ Neurons From Human Pluripotent Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:755406. [PMID: 34926447 PMCID: PMC8672163 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.755406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient cell culture strategies for the generation of dopaminergic neurons is an important goal for transplantation-based approaches to treat Parkinson's disease. To identify extracellular matrix molecules that enhance differentiation and might be used in these cell cultures we have used micro-contact printed arrays on glass slides presenting 190 combinations of 19 extracellular matrix molecules selected on the basis of their expression during embryonic development of the ventral midbrain. Using long-term neuroepithelial stem cells (Lt-NES), this approach identified a number of matricellular proteins that enhanced differentiation, with the combination of Sparc, Sparc-like (Sparc-l1) and Nell2 increasing the number of tyrosine hydroxylase+ neurons derived from Lt-NES cells and, critically for further translation, human pluripotent stem cells.
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Arshad M, Ahmed K, Bashir M, Kosar N, Kanwal M, Ahmed M, Khan HU, Khan S, Rauf A, Waseem A, Mahmood T. Synthesis, structural properties and potent bioactivities supported by molecular docking and DFT studies of new hydrazones derived from 5-chloroisatin and 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Elsharkawy EA, Abou Al-sood MM, El-Fakharany MK, Ahmed M. Assessing and Comparing the Characteristics of CI Engine Powered by Biodiesel–Diesel and Biodiesel–Kerosene Blends. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Raza H, Yildiz I, Yasmeen F, Munawar KS, Ashfaq M, Abbas M, Ahmed M, Younus HA, Zhang S, Ahmad N. Synthesis of a 2D copper(II)-carboxylate framework having ultrafast adsorption of organic dyes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 602:43-54. [PMID: 34118604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymers are very interesting materials for their attractive applications. A novel 2D metal-organic framework (MOF) was derived from copper(II) and amino benzoic acid under both room temperature and solvothermal reaction conditions using different solvents. From both of the synthesis methods, an identical MOF was crystalized with monoclinic crystal system having P21/c space group. Hirshfeld surface analysis is carried out to explore the non-covalent interactions obtained from single crystal XRD investigation in terms of percentage contribution of each interatomic contact involved in packing of molecules into MOF structure. The microstructure analysis and surface morphology studies revealed the 2D layered regular pattern of rhombus disks of ~5 μm thickness throng together via clustering of these rhombic shaped flakes as flowers (ranging 50-100 μm in size) having uniform elemental composition. This 2D MOF efficiently adsorbed organic dyes (methylene blue, methyl orange, and methyl red) from their aqueous solutions. The 2D copper-carboxylate framework (1.2 g/L) exhibited high adsorption rates for organic dyes (0.15-0.19 mM), and >90% of these dyes could be captured as soon as they are exposed to MOF suspension (1 min) in each case. The dye removal efficiency is credited to synergy among structure, ionic strength, shapes and dimensions of dyes with respect to MOF structure. The microstructure of MOF along with electronic interactions like electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions and coordination to open metal sites, might contribute to the ultrafast dye adsorption process by MOF. The adsorption phenomenon is spontaneous and followed the pseudo-second order kinetic mechanism. DFT calculations revealed important electronic parameters of the dyes and model MOF systems, and novel insights with respect to possible dye-MOF interactions. The MOF remained quite stable during the dye adsorption and was regenerated easily for the successful subsequent use.
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Adnan A, Ahmed M, Sultana A, Vitone L. 831 Bouveret’s Syndrome (A Gallstone Disease Causing Gastric Outlet Obstruction): A Case Series and Review of Literature. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bouveret’s syndrome refers to a gastric outlet obstruction due to the impaction of a large gallstone following retrograde migration via a bilio-duodenal fistula. Although no clear management guideline has been formulated, different treatment modalities have been described, including endoscopic stone removal using classical endoscopic devices, like snares and forceps; or fragmentation of stones with new devices, such as laser and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (EWSL).
We report a case series of Bouveret’s syndrome with interesting radiological and endoscopic findings which have been successfully managed either via endoscopic measures such as stone extraction and/or duodenal stenting, or surgical intervention. The report is followed by a literature review including diagnostic and management options of this rare condition. All our patients were elderly with multiple comorbidities. Two patients presented with upper gastro-intestinal bleeding, while the other two presented with abdominal pain and bilious vomiting. The diagnosis was confirmed by computerised tomography (CT) scan and upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy. Endoscopic stone removal was successful in one case. In one patient, stone was fragmented but could not be removed completely, so he was managed via duodenal stent insertion. The other two patients required surgical intervention. One case was complicated by gallstone ileus which required laparotomy and extraction of stones from two sites, while the other required subtotal cholecystectomy, stone extraction and repair of duodenal fistula. The patients recovered well. The diagnosis of Bouveret’s Syndrome is made after performing appropriate imaging studies. The first line management option is endoscopic treatment. If this fails, surgical intervention is recommended.
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Saiyed S, Ahmed M, Winfield M, Briggs C, Amr B. 886 Healing Hands and Thrifty Plans! A Prospective, Cost-Effective Trial in Abscess Management. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Cutaneous abscesses are ubiquitous presentations requiring surgical drainage in most cases. There is a wide variation across the UK in the surgical practice dealing with such common problem. The aim of this study was to reduce the costs incurred in surgical drainage of acute skin and soft tissue abscess.
Method
This was a prospective, cost-effective study of the expenses incurred in surgical drainage of acute cutaneous and subcutaneous abscesses treated under the general surgeons' care over one year.
Results
A consequential saving of £13,962 was achieved during the study period. Between October 2019 and October 2020, 322 patients with soft tissue abscesses were treated by incision and drainage in general surgery. We calculated a total cost of £55.26 per patient for this routine operation. These expenses were based on basic surgical drapes pack, standard surgical gowns, sterile gloves and obtaining and processing the microbiology specimens. We have designed and implemented a new theatre protocol specifically for this procedure, resulting in a substantial reduction of the costs to £11.90 per patient. The total savings of £13,962 do not include savings caused by abscess drainage under local anaesthesia and does not calculate the savings that occurred due to shorter inpatient stay. These extra savings will be calculated and added later.
Conclusions
Considering the increasing financial burden on the NHS, we could make significant savings of nearly 80% of the operative costs of surgical drainage of a cutaneous abscess. We could achieve that by implementing simple modifications in the current surgical pathways without compromising patients' safety.
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Patel B, Fennelly J, Frazer S, Ahmed M, Granville-Chapman J. 145 Mind the App: A Guide for the Orthopaedic Senior House Officer on Call. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Many senior house officers (SHOs) have little experience in Trauma and Orthopaedics. While junior doctors are encouraged to seek help from the registrar during on call shifts, they are also dependent on a variety of guidelines to assist in the management of common orthopaedic presentations to the Emergency Department. The main issue is that site-specific guidance is not readily accessible on a single platform.
Method
Smartphone and web-based applications were designed summarising the initial management for such conditions for the SHO on-call to use as a quick reference tool. The efficacy of this was evaluated with questionnaires specific to the rating of the application and by two closed loop audits of BOAST standards for the management of distal radius and ankle fractures.
Results
Pre-app implementation questionnaire ratings revealed a mediocre confidence levels and high stress during an on-call shift. Post-app implementation questionnaires demonstrated the app was useful. Future use was recommended use for new SHOs. All responders felt that this would improve stress levels on call. Closed-loop audits for BOAST guidelines for ankle and distal radius fracture management were completed. Improvements were evident for obtaining appropriate radiographs ankle fractures (50.0% vs 77.8%) and positions of manipulated distal radius fractures (80% vs 100%).
Conclusions
This application proved a useful reference tool for junior staff to aid and initiate the management of common orthopaedic presentations to the emergency department. This tool could be used to improve confidence and ensure timely management of patients from the take.
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Gungadin P, Taib A, Ahmed M, Sultana A. 563 A Rare Case of Small Bowel Obstruction Secondary to Peritoneal Encapsulation, Congenital Adhesional Band and Gallstone Ileus. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Small bowel obstruction can be caused by multiple factors. We describe an unusual case of small bowel obstruction secondary to three rare factors: gallstone ileus, peritoneal encapsulation and congenital adhesional band.
Case Presentation
A seventy-nine-year-old male presented with a four-day history of obstipation and abdominal pain. CT abdomen pelvis revealed small bowel obstruction secondary to gallstone ileus. The patient was managed by laparotomy. The intraoperative findings revealed the presence of a congenital peritoneal encapsulation with an adhesional band and gallstone proximal to the ileo-caecal valve. Although there was some dusky small bowel, this recovered following the release of the band.
Discussion
Peritoneal Encapsulation is a rare congenital pathology resulting in the formation of an accessory peritoneal membrane around the small bowel. This condition is asymptomatic and rarely presents as small bowel obstruction. The diagnosis is often made at laparotomy. There are less than 60 cases reported in literature. Gallstone ileus is another rare entity caused by an inflamed gallbladder adhering to part of the bowel resulting in a fistula.
Conclusions
The rarity of these conditions mean that they are poorly understood. A combination of this triad of gall stone ileus in the presence of peritoneal encapsulation and congenital band has not been reported before. Knowledge of this would raise awareness, facilitate diagnosis and management of patients.
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Ahmed M, Radha S. 1528 Pseudotumour from Corrosive Material of Total Hip Replacement: A Rare Complication with an Unusual Presentation. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Total hip replacements have been performed in the UK since the 1960s, with over 280000 primary hip replacements being conducted between January 2017 – December 2019. The formation of pseudotumours is an uncommon and an unusual long-term complication of total hip replacements. Formed by galvanic corrosion of the metal prosthesis, patients can display an array of symptoms. We herein report a rare presentation of unilateral leg oedema in an elderly female, mimicking deep vein thrombosis. Despite normal metal ion levels, radiological investigations revealed an irregular cystic mass extending into the iliac fossa compressing the neurovascular bundle in the groin. The patient underwent complex revision hip surgery with dual mobility hip replacement and an Exeter stem with excision of the pseudotumour. This case highlights the importance of appropriate workup for these patients and the involvement of a multidisciplinary team.
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Adnan A, Ahmed M, Vaz O, Sultana A. 865 Reducing Delays in Cholecystectomy Surgery of Patients Admitted with Gallstone-Related Disease Within Gold Standard Time Frame Set Out By NICE. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
As per NICE guidelines, Cholecystectomy Quality Improvement Collaborative (Chole-QuIC) aims for 80% of eligible patients with gallstone-related disease to receive their cholecystectomy within 8 days of presentation1. Only 63.6% of eligible patients at East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust (ELHT) had their surgery within the target time. This project was done to identify the reasons behind ELHT not achieving the set target and to implement changes to overcome this.
Method
This was a retrospective review of a prospectively collected data of 444 patients from the ELHT Chole-QuIC database (July 2019-November 2020). Data were analysed in three periods: initial period (July 2019-November 2019), pre-COVID-19 period (December 2019-February 2020), COVID-19 period (March 2020-November 2020). Time to surgery was established. If the 8-day target was not met, reasons behind the delay were recorded.
Results
During the first cycle, the main reasons delays included the patients being temporarily unfit (13.8%), insufficient theatre capacity (13.8%) and variations in treatment plans (11.32%). 8% of patients had re-admissions related to their gallstone disease. Changes were implemented forward included a clear local gallstone disease management pathway and CholeQuIC referral system, increasing theatre capacity, and allocating pre-operative assessment slots. Gold standard cholecystectomy target period improved from 63.6% to 67.4% within three months of changes. However, the figure drastically reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic (36.3%) as elective surgeries were temporarily suspended.
Conclusions
The implementation of a gallstone disease management pathway, a coordinated referral system and additional theatre capacity contributed to the increase in cholecystectomies that were performed within the 8-day national target period.
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Adnan A, Sange S, Ahmed M, Kanchustambam S. 1137 Improving the Use of Pre-Operative Skin Antiseptics (Chlorhexidine Pink and Betadine) To Reduce Umbilical Port Site Infections Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Appendicectomy. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Approximately 8% of patients who undergo laparoscopic surgery develop port site infections1. This would negatively impact recovery and increase rates of readmission. Patients’ skin is a major source of pathogens that results in surgical site infection (SSI). Therefore, optimisation of antiseptic skin preparations may decrease postoperative umbilical port site infection (UPSI).
Method
A retrospective analysis of 226 cases from August 2019 till October 2020 at East Lancashire Hospital NHS Trust was performed. The first cycle included 122 patients (58 cholecystectomies and 64 appendicectomies), and a further 104 patients (51 cholecystectomies and 53 appendicectomies) after emphasising on using chlorhexidine pink as skin preparation. The presence of UPSIs within 30 days post-surgery was recorded.
Results
In the first cycle, the local preparation that was used in patients with UPSI was chlorhexidine pink (21.4%) and betadine (78.6%). The surgical team were then educated regarding the benefits of chlorhexidine pink over betadine as local skin preparation. In the second cycle, 63.3% used chlorhexidine pink and 36.7% used betadine. After the above implementation, there was a reduction in the rate of UPSI (18.0% to 15.7%) and readmission rates (7.2% to 5.9%) in patients who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In patients who had undergone laparoscopic appendicectomy, a similar trend in UPSI rates was identified as well (7.1% to 5.5%) and readmission rates (5.5% to 1.9%).
Conclusions
The incidence of UPSI was reduced with the use of chlorhexidine pink compared to betadine. This may have contributed to the decrease in UPSI cases and led to a reduction in re-admission rates.
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Erhabor O, Mohammad SY, Bello L, Onuigwe FU, Abdulrahman Y, Zama I, Buhari H, Bagudo A, Ibrahim K, Ahmed M, Udomah FP, Adias TC, Erhabor T, Okara GC. Prevalence of some hepatitis B virus markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Specialist Hospital Sokoto Nigeria. Hum Antibodies 2021; 28:233-243. [PMID: 32333583 DOI: 10.3233/hab-200412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus infection is a global public health problem. The virus has infected more than one-third of the global population. It has been estimated that 360 million chronic carriers are living around the world with a high risk for developing cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma and hepatic failure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of some hepatitis B markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Sokoto Specialist Hospital, Nigeria. METHODS The hepatitis testing was carried out using the Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic HBV-5 rapid kit (Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic, USA). The kit is based on lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb in human serum or plasma. Panel format can conveniently test for five targets at once and utilizes all markers to help distinguish between acute and chronic infections. RESULTS Out of 117 pregnant women tested, 15 were positive for HBsAg (12.8%), 6 positive for HBsAb (5.1%), 1 for HBeAg (0.9%), 14 tested positive for HBeAb (12.0%), and 14 tested for HBcAb (12.0%). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on ethnicity. HBsAb was significantly higher among the Hausa ethnic group (p= 0.001). The prevalence of HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was not affected by ethnicity (p> 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on age. Infection by the hepatitis B virus markers was higher among young adult and middle age groups. The difference was however not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on the educational status, previous history of blood transfusion, jaundice, employment status and previous history of still births among the pregnant subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus markers (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION The study observed a high prevalence of various hepatitis B viral markers among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Specialist Hospital Sokoto. There is need for routine screening of all pregnant women and infants born to hepatitis B positive mothers. Government and non-governmental organizations should intensify efforts to enlighten the general population on the public health importance of the disease and the importance of hepatitis screening. There is also need for the development of a treatment protocol for the management of pregnant women positive for hepatitis B to prevent mother to child transmission. There is an urgent need for the implementation of evidenced-based best practice of providing universal vaccination against hepatitis B for all hepatitis B negative women of child bearing age in particular and all Nigerians in general.
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Uribe-Diaz S, Nazeer N, Jaime J, Vargas-Bermúdez DS, Yitbarek A, Ahmed M, Rodríguez-Lecompte JC. Folic acid enhances proinflammatory and antiviral molecular pathways in chicken B-lymphocytes infected with a mild infectious bursal disease virus. Br Poult Sci 2021; 63:1-13. [PMID: 34287101 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1958298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1. This study evaluated the effect of folic acid (FA) supplementation on the proinflammatory and antiviral molecular pathways of B-lymphocytes infected with a modified live IBDV (ST-12) mild vaccine strain during a timed post-infection analysis.2. A chicken B-lymphocytes (DT-40) cell line was cultured in triplicate at a concentration of 5 × 105 cells per well in 24-well plates; and was divided into three groups: 1: No virus, FA; 2: Virus, no FA; 3: Virus + FA at a concentration of 3.96 mM. The experiment was repeated three times.3. Cells in groups 2 and 3 were infected with a modified live IBDV (ST-12) mild vaccine strain at one multiplicity of infection (MOI: 1). After 1 hour of virus adsorption, samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours post-infection (hpi).4. The modified live IBDV (ST-12) mild vaccine strain triggered a B-lymphocyte specific immune response associated with the upregulation of genes involved in virus recognition (Igß), virus sensing (TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-4 and MDA5), signal transduction and regulation (TRIF, MyD88 and IRF7), and the antiviral effector molecules (IFN-α, OAS, PKR, and viperin).5. FA supplementation modulated IBDV replication and regulated the proinflammatory and antiviral downstream molecular pathways.6. In conclusion, the low virulent pathotype serotype I modified live IBDV (ST-12) mild vaccine strain was able to trigger and mount an immune response in chicken B-lymphocytes without affecting B-cell viability. FA supplementation modulated B lymphocytes response and improved their innate immune proinflammatory and antiviral response molecular pathways.
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Winter J, Kraus K, Ahmed M, Combs S, Wilkens J, Bartzsch S. PD-0933 Microbeam radiotherapy planning for a clinical lung tumor case. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mushtaq A, Tariq M, Ahmed M, Zhou Z, Ali I, Mahmood RT. Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase Subunit CgCPS1 Is Necessary for Virulence and to Regulate Stress Tolerance in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:414. [PMID: 34365754 PMCID: PMC8357564 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.er.11.2020.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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Clarke S, Alves F, Martins N, Ahmed M, Sanchez L, Donovan J, Kouranos V, Wechalekar K. Blood ketone measurement as a test for dietary compliance in cardiac sarcoid patients undergoing 18f-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab111.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is used as part of diagnosis and monitoring response to therapy in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. In order to supress myocardial uptake of 18F-FDG patients prepare with a low carbohydrate diet followed by an 18-hour overnight fast. Failure to comply with the protocol results in diffuse myocardial 18F-FDG uptake which confounds diagnostic interpretation.
Purpose
To assess if point of care blood ketones could be used as a marker of dietary compliance and association with suppression of myocardial 18F-FDG uptake on PET scan.
Method
Patients (n = 26, 57 ± 4 years, 65% Male) from a single centre were instructed to follow standard preparation protocol prior to 18F-FDG PET/CT. After confirmation of dietary compliance, blood glucose and blood ketones were recorded using point of care devices. Images were graded based on the pattern of myocardial 18F-FDG uptake.
Results
There was no clear correlation between blood ketones in relation to dietary compliance or myocardial 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. In those with myocardial 18F-FDG uptake maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) within the myocardium ranged from 2.3 to 9.8 (Mean 5.3) and ketone from 0.1 – 0.7 (normal <0.6).
Non-diabetic patients and those on steroids achieved adequate fasting glucose without significant rise in blood ketones. 60% of diabetic patients demonstrated mildly elevated ketones between 0.6-1.5mmol/L.
Conclusion
Current protocol with low carbohydrate diet and 18-hour fast achieves adequate quality of images in majority of patients, without significant change in blood ketones. Therefore, blood ketones cannot be used to confirm dietary compliance. Diabetic patients on insulin may benefit from ketone measurement due to risk of diabetic ketoacidosis.
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Zribi A, Ben Nasr S, Ahmed M, Fendri S, Balti M, Mansouri N, Bizid S, Haddauoi A. P-8 Nutritional status among colorectal cancer patients in Tunisia. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Akhtar MU, Hifzulrahman, Saadullah M, Pasha TN, Abdullah M, Ahmed M, Shahbakht RM, Haque MN. Effects of prepartum dietary protein level and feed intake on postpartum lactation performance and feeding behavior of multiparous Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9886-9901. [PMID: 34218915 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of low and high metabolizable protein (MP) diets when fed for ad libitum and controlled intake during the prepartum period on postpartum lactation performance and feeding behavior of dairy cows. Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity, expected calving date, and previous lactation milk yield at -21 d relative to expected calving and were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 close-up period dietary treatments providing low MP (LMP) or high MP (HMP) diets with controlled intake (CNI) or ad libitum intake (ALI). The concentrations of MP were 65 and 90 g/kg dry matter for LMP and HMP diets, respectively, whereas intake was controlled to supply 100 and 160% of the NRC (2001) energy requirements for CNI and ALI groups, respectively. The concentration of net energy for lactation (NEL) in the treatment diets was 1.50 Mcal/kg. All cows were fed a similar lactation diet after calving (1.50 Mcal/kg of NEL and 83.3 g/kg of MP). The HMP diet increased dry matter intake during the first 3 wk and tended to increase dry matter intake over the 9 wk of lactation. Meal size and eating rate increased in the ALI cows during the prepartum period. Meal frequency increased with the HMP diet during the postpartum period. Milk yield increased by 15.2% with the HMP diet over the 9 wk of lactation. The HMP diet increased energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield in CNI versus ALI cows, whereas the LMP diet increased ECM yield in ALI versus CNI cows over the 9 wk of lactation. The increase in ECM yield of LMP-ALI versus LMP-CNI cows was supported by greater body condition loss and serum β-hydroxybutyrate over the 9 wk of lactation. Taken together, these data indicate that prepartum controlled intake of a high protein diet can provide the benefits of both strategies.
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Mahbub-Uz-Zaman K, Debnath D, Khalil MM, Tahmid MS, Monir S, Munmun ST, Jannat T, Samaruk R, Sharmi TZ, Debnath D, Dey S, Ahmed M, Ahmad F, Debnath CR. Socio-demographic Profile of COVID-19 Patients and Difficulties Faced by Them while Testing RT-PCR: A Multi-center Cross-sectional Study. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:796-802. [PMID: 34226470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to find out the socio-demographic profiles as well as difficulties of Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing faced by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted from 10th August to 7th September 2020. Data were collected by telephone interview using a pre-designed questionnaire after taking verbal consent from the participants. Out of 281 COVID-19 patients, 279 were diagnosed by RT-PCR; 10.3% were asymptomatic. Off them 67.6%were males, 24% were hospital staffs. Majority (66.2%) were from the non-city corporation area. History of recent contact with known COVID-19 patients was present in 56.9% cases. Fever (78.3%) and cough (58%) were the most common symptoms. One third of the patients faced difficulty to test RT-PCR for COVID-19. Sixteen percent patients complained of difficulty of getting serial for testing, the maximum waiting time was one week before giving samples. Thirty patients (10.8%) had to wait longer than usual time after reaching the center before giving sample. Hospital staffs were unable to co-operate in 2.5% of the patients while difficulty of managing transport to the hospital for suspected COVID-19 patient was an issue in 2.2% of the patients. Though testing was more difficult in city corporation areas (p=0.028), delay of getting test result was less (p<0.001). Maximum delay of getting test result was 10 days. Finding out the difficulties of COVID-19 testing will help to point out the issues behind these and will help to take necessary steps to tackle this matter. Testing rate can be increased to contain this highly contagious virus in this densely populated country.
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Melliti R, Zribi A, Ben Nasr S, Ahmed M, Fendri S, Balti M, Mansouri N, Bizid S, Haddauoi A. P-9 Prognostic role of preoperative inflammation parameters in predicting postoperative complications of colorectal cancer surgery. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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An R, Ahmed M, Li H, Wang Y, Zhang A, Bi Y, Yu Z. Isolation, purification and identification of biological compounds from Beauveria sp. and their evaluation as insecticidal effectiveness against Bemisia tabaci. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12020. [PMID: 34103637 PMCID: PMC8187347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is one of the most notorious agricultural pests in the world. A vicious circle among insect resistance, dose increased, environment and human body impaired as the overuse of synthetic pesticides are becoming increasingly evident. Entomopathogenic Beauveria sp. is known as an effective natural enemy to control B. tabaci. Therefore, this study aimed to purify and identify the biological compounds from Beauveria sp. LY2 via extensive chromatographic techniques, NMR and MS and evaluated for their insecticidal activities against B. tabaci via contact and feeding assay. The outcome identified that one new cerebroside, cerebroside F (1), nine known compounds, cerebroside B (2), bassiatin (3), methyl 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-2-quinolinecarboxylate (4), cerevisterol (5), 9-hydroxycerevisterol (6), 6-dehydrocerevisterol (7), (22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-diene-3β,5α,6β,7α-tetrol (8), melithasterol B (9) and ergosterol peroxide (10) were isolated. Among the known compounds, methyl 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo- 2-quinolinecarboxylate (4) was isolated from natural origin for the first time. It is demonstrable from the results that compounds 3, 4 and 7 strongly featured insecticidal activities against B. tabaci, being the LC50 value as 10.59, 19.05, 26.59 μg/mL respectively in contact as well as 11.42, 5.66, 5.65 μg/mL respectively in feeding experiment. Moreover, no adverse effect on plant growth/height or phytotoxicity was observed on pepper, cucumber, tomato and cotton. The data from the current study has provided the foundation for the use of newly purified compounds against Bemisia tabaci as an alternative to synthetic chemical compounds.
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Mushtaq A, Tariq M, Ahmed M, Zhou Z, Ali I, Mahmood RT. Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase Subunit CgCPS1 Is Necessary for Virulence and to Regulate Stress Tolerance in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:232-242. [PMID: 34111913 PMCID: PMC8200577 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.11.2020.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is a severe infectious disease of apple whose infective area is growing gradually and thus poses a huge economic threat to the world. Different species of Colletotrichum including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides are responsible for GLS. For efficient GLS control, it is important to understand the mechanism by which the cruciferous crops and C. gloeosporioides interact. Arginine is among one of the several types of amino acids, which plays crucial role in biochemical and physiological functions of fungi. The arginine biosynthesis pathway involved in virulence among plant pathogenic fungi is poorly understood. In this study, CgCPS1 gene encoding carbamoyl phosphate synthase involved in arginine biosynthesis has been identified and inactivated experimentally. To assess the effects of CgCPS1, we knocked out CgCPS1 in C. gloeosporioides and evaluated its effects on virulence and stress tolerance. The results showed that deletion of CgCPS1 resulted in loss of pathogenicity. The Δcgcps1 mutants showed slow growth rate, defects in appressorium formation and failed to develop lesions on apple leaves and fruits leading to loss of virulence while complementation strain (CgCPS1-C) fully restored its pathogenicity. Furthermore, mutant strains showed extreme sensitivity to high osmotic stress displaying that CgCPS1 plays a vital role in stress response. These findings suggest that CgCPS1 is major factor that mediates pathogenicity in C. gloeosporioides by encoding carbamoyl phosphate that is involved in arginine biosynthesis and conferring virulence in C. gloeosporioides.
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Ambreen S, Tariq M, Masoud MS, Ali I, Qasim M, Mushtaq A, Ahmed M, Asghar R. Anticoagulant potential and total phenolic content of six species of the genus Ficus from Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. TROP J PHARM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v18i6.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Ficus benghalensis, Ficus elasticaa, Ficus palmata, Ficus religiosa, Ficus semicordata and Ficus auriculata, and to determine their anticoagulant potential.
Methods: Crude methanol extracts were prepared from the plant leaves, and fractionated using liquidliquid partition with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The total flavonoid and total phenolic contents of the extracts and their fractions were determined. The anticoagulant potential of the six Ficus species were evaluated in healthy human plasma, using activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) methods.
Results: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of considerable amounts of flavonoids ranging from 5.3 ± 0.7 to 11.8 ± 0.3 mg rutin equivalents (RE)/g, and phenolic compounds ranging from 8.0 ± 0.7 to 86.5 ± 1.5 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g in each fraction of the six species. Results from in vitro anticoagulant potential assays showed significant anticoagulant properties, with prothrombin time (PT) ranging from 17.7 ± 0.7 to 26.7 ± 2.2 s, and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) varying from 47.7 ± 3.3 to 72.3 ± 5.4 s.
Conclusion: The results indicate that F. semicordata and F. Religiosa have higher anticoagulant potential than the other Ficus species studied.
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Nazeer N, Uribe-Diaz S, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Ahmed M. Antimicrobial peptides as an alternative to relieve antimicrobial growth promoters in poultry. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:672-685. [PMID: 33908289 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1919993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. This review describes different classes of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of avian species, and their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. The potential benefits of synthetic AMP in poultry production are examined, in the context of the use of AMP as alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP).2. Since the mid-1950s, antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) have been used in feed at low prophylactic doses to modulate the homoeostasis of intestinal microbiota, decreasing the risk of intestinal dysbacteriosis and the growth of pathogens within the avian gut. Over the last three decades, AGP have faced major regulatory restrictions due to concerns of generating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It is now well documented that the rate of infectious disease outbreaks is higher in flocks that are not fed prophylactic antibiotics, resulting in a compensatory increase in antimicrobial use for therapeutic purposes.3. Endogenous natural AMP production is associated with the presence of microbiota and their interaction with the intestinal epithelial and lamina propria lymphoid cells. Their antimicrobial activity shapes the beneficial microbiota population and controls intestinal pathogens such Clostridium and Salmonella spp., and stimulates the development and maturation of the local immune system.4. Similar to AGP, AMP can establish a well-balanced gut beneficial microbiota for adequate immune-competence, animal health and high growth performance parameters such as feed intake, daily weight, feed conversion and accumulated mortality.5. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides constitute an essential part of the innate immune system of all organisms and protect the host from invading pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites by interacting with the negatively charged pathogen membranes.
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Omara M, Ali S, Ahmed M. Accuracy of midface advancement using patient-specific surgical guides and pre-bent plates versus conventional interocclusal wafers and conventional plate fixation in quadrangular Le Forte II osteotomy. A randomised controlled trial. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 59:1253-1258. [PMID: 34503857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of quadrangular Le Fort II osteotomy and midface advancement utilising digitally fabricated surgical guides with pre-bent plates compared with conventional interocclusal wafers. Twenty patients with midface deficiency were allocated randomly to two groups: patient-specific surgical guides and pre-bent titanium miniplates were utilised in the study group, while conventional interocclusal wafers with intraoperatively adapted titanium miniplates were utilised in the control group. The accuracy of virtual planning was assessed in both groups using computed tomography (CT). Both groups showed accurate transfer of the plan, but the computer-guided group showed significantly greater accuracy and a shorter surgical time than the conventional group. The use of patient-specific surgical guides and pre-bent plates represents a promising computer-guided approach especially for inexperienced surgeons. Nevertheless, a major limitation is increased overall cost compared with the conventional approach.
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