76
|
Yamazaki H, Ikeda H, Ishuzu A, Shikishima H, Kikuchi K, Wakisaka A, Hatanaka M, Yoshiki T. HTLV-I env-pX transgenic rats: prototype animal model for collagen vascular diseases. Leukemia 1997; 11 Suppl 3:258-9. [PMID: 9209358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the function of HTLV-I env-pX gene in vivo, we developed two lines of transgenic rats (env-pX rats) that expressed env-pX gene products, under control of own LTR promotor. In various tissues of the rats, env and pX mRNAs were constitutively expressed, irrespective of age. At age 5 weeks, swelling of the bilateral ankle joints histologically showing synovial lining hyperplasia, severe chronic inflammation, erosion of the joint cartilage, and bone destruction with pannus formation began to develop in these env-pX rats. These histologic features resemble those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in man. High titered rheumatoid factors and low anti-dsDNA antibodies and hyper-gamma globulinemia were detected. Necrotizing arteritis resembling polyarteritis nodosa, polymyositis, myocarditis and Sjögren syndrome-like sialoadenitis developed, together with RA-like arthritis even in one individual animal. Thymic atrophy with low body weight was also observed. The evidence indicates that env-pX rats appear to be suitable animal models for elucidating pathogenetic mechanisms involved in not only HTLV-I related diseases but also various collegen vascular and autoimmune diseases of unknown etiology in man.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aging
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology
- Collagen Diseases/pathology
- Collagen Diseases/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Products, env/biosynthesis
- Genes, env
- HTLV-I Infections/pathology
- HTLV-I Infections/physiopathology
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics
- Humans
- Inflammation
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Rats
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/biosynthesis
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/genetics
- Transcription Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
- Vascular Diseases/pathology
- Vascular Diseases/physiopathology
- Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
Collapse
|
77
|
Yasuda Y, Funazu T, Matsubara Y, Nagai S, Fujimoto T, Ishida H, Kazusawa H, Hanawa K, Yamashita N, Chiba S, Hatanaka M, Ikeda S. [Significance of preoperative mediastinoscopic examination at lymph node dissection]. [ZASSHI] [JOURNAL]. NIHON KYOBU GEKA GAKKAI 1997; 45:357-9. [PMID: 9235336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
78
|
Maeda A, Kandori H, Yamazaki Y, Nishimura S, Hatanaka M, Chon YS, Sasaki J, Needleman R, Lanyi JK. Intramembrane signaling mediated by hydrogen-bonding of water and carboxyl groups in bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin. J Biochem 1997; 121:399-406. [PMID: 9133606 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The light-induced mechanism for proton pumping of bacteriorhodopsin was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the discrete sequential intermediate states, L, M, and N. Attention is focused on L in the early microsecond time range, as a transition state in which the Schiff base forms strong H-bonding with a water molecule coordinated with Asp85. This structure leads to transfer of the Schiff base proton to Asp85 in the L-to-M process, which then triggers proton release from Glu204 to the extracellular surface. H-bonding of Arg82 and water molecules are involved in this process. Chloride can replace Asp85 in the D85T mutant, and this anion will be then transported instead of a proton. In L, structural perturbations are induced also around Asp96, through a string of H-bonding mediated by internal water molecules and peptide carbonyls in helices B and C, and Trp182 in helix F. These may cause the structural changes that occur later in the M-to-N process. Similar interactions, through internal water molecules and the peptide bonds in helices B and C, take place in bovine rhodopsin. They transduce changes across the membrane from the Schiff base to the cytoplasmic surface, where the activation of the transducin occurs.
Collapse
|
79
|
Seya T, Kurita M, Iwata K, Yanagi Y, Tanaka K, Shida K, Hatanaka M, Matsumoto M, Jun S, Hirano A, Ueda S, Nagasawa S. The CD46 transmembrane domain is required for efficient formation of measles-virus-mediated syncytium. Biochem J 1997; 322 ( Pt 1):135-44. [PMID: 9078253 PMCID: PMC1218168 DOI: 10.1042/bj3220135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Two phosphatidylinositol (PI)-anchored versions of a measles virus (MV) receptor membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46) were generated by fusing the extracellular domain of MCP to the decay-accelerating factor (DAF; CD55) or its PI anchor. The PI-anchored forms of MCP expressed on Chinese hamster ovary cells, otherwise non-permissive to MV, conferred a smaller MV cytopathic effect than a wild-type MCP, a Ser/Thr-rich domain-deletion mutant and a cytoplasmic tail-deletion mutant of MCP. Therefore the differences in MV receptor properties between the two PI-anchored and three transmembrane forms were investigated. The PI-anchored forms were predominantly expressed on microvilli as in DAF, whereas the other transmembrane forms were found on intracellular membranes. The PI-anchored forms conferred high MV-binding capacity compared with the transmembrane versions. MV replication was, however, severely suppressed in cells expressing the PI-anchored forms, resulting in ineffective syncytium formation. In contrast, cell-to-cell fusion occurred efficiently after co-transfection of cDNA species encoding MV-H. MV-F and any version of MCP. Thus the PI-anchored forms, despite showing sufficient MV binding and cell-to-cell fusion competence together with MV-H and MV-F, mediate inefficient MV entry or replication, which causes severe suppression of the MV cytopathic effect. A biased receptor distribution on microvilli might participate in the selection of a low MV uptake pathway in the PI-anchored forms of MCP. Taken together, the transmembrane portion of MCP is a critical factor for effective virus-cell fusion and the subsequent MV replication.
Collapse
|
80
|
Yamazaki H, Ikeda H, Ishizu A, Nakamaru Y, Sugaya T, Kikuchi K, Yamada S, Wakisaka A, Kasai N, Koike T, Hatanaka M, Yoshiki T. A wide spectrum of collagen vascular and autoimmune diseases in transgenic rats carrying the env-pX gene of human T lymphocyte virus type I. Int Immunol 1997; 9:339-46. [PMID: 9040015 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/9.2.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the pathogenesis of human T lymphocyte virus type I (HTLV-I)- related diseases, the env-pX gene of HTLV-I was introduced into the germline of inbred Wistar-King-Aptekman-Hokudai rats. A wide spectrum of collagen vascular diseases was evident in the transgenic rats, including chronic destructive arthritis similar to rheumatoid arthritis, necrotizing arteritis mimicking polyarteritis nodosa, polymyositis, myocarditis, dermatitis, and chronic sialoadenitis and dacryoadenitis resembling Sjögren's syndrome in humans. Thymic atrophy with the depletion of CD4 and CD8 double-positive thymocytes was also observed. In these animals, a number of autoantibodies, including high titers of rheumatoid factor, were present in the serum. We propose that the HTLV-I env-pX gene region may play a pathogenetic role in the development of collagen vascular and autoimmune diseases associated with autoimmune phenomenon.
Collapse
|
81
|
Murai N, Ueba T, Takahashi JA, Yang HQ, Kikuchi H, Hiai H, Hatanaka M, Fukumoto M. Apoptosis of human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo induced by a neutralizing antibody against human basic fibroblast growth factor. J Neurosurg 1996; 85:1072-7. [PMID: 8929497 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1996.85.6.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is mitogenic to neuroectoderm- and mesoderm-derived cells and is a potent angiogenic factor. Abundant amounts of this factor and its receptor are detected in human glioma tissues and cells, and bFGF in glioma is thought to be involved in autonomous cell growth as an autocrine growth factor. A neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) against bFGF, 3H3 MAb, has been shown to inhibit both in vitro and in vivo growth of human glioma cell lines. This study shows that the human glioma cell lines U-87MG and U-251MG, which express high levels of bFGF and its receptor, can be induced to undergo apoptosis when cultured with 3H3 MAb. It is also demonstrated that 3H3 MAb can cause apoptosis in the same glioma cells that were transplanted into nude mice. Furthermore, enforced overexpression of bcl-2 protein by gene transfection prevented 3H3 MAb-induced apoptosis of glioma cells. It is concluded that induction of apoptosis by the neutralizing antibody is a promising therapeutic strategy for glioma.
Collapse
|
82
|
Matsuoka A, Yamakage K, Kusakabe H, Wakuri S, Asakura M, Noguchi T, Sugiyama T, Shimada H, Nakayama S, Kasahara Y, Takahashi Y, Miura KF, Hatanaka M, Ishidate M, Morita T, Watanabe K, Hara M, Odawara K, Tanaka N, Hayashi M, Sofuni T. Re-evaluation of chromosomal aberration induction on nine mouse lymphoma assay "unique positive' NTP carcinogens. Mutat Res 1996; 369:243-52. [PMID: 8792842 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1218(96)90029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In a collaborative study organized under the JEMS MMS, nine mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) "unique positive' NTP rodent carcinogens were re-evaluated by an in vitro chromosomal aberration assay using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (CHL/IU). Six of nine chemicals induced chromosomal aberrations; bromodichloromethane, chlorendic acid and isophorone induced structural aberrations, and chlorodibromomethane, pentachloroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane induced numerical aberrations (polyploidy). These six chemicals, therefore, are not uniquely positive in the MLA. The difference between the NTP results and ours might be due to the use of different cell lines and protocols, and in some cases, to different interpretations of polyploidy. The remaining three chemicals, benzyl acetate, cinnamyl anthranilate and trichloroethylene, were negative in this study.
Collapse
|
83
|
Bai JZ, Bardon O, Blum I, Breakstone A, Burnett T, Chen GP, Chen HF, Chen J, Chen SM, Chen Y, Chen YB, Chen YQ, Cheng BS, Cowan RF, Cui XZ, Ding HL, Du ZZ, Dunwoodie W, Fan XL, Fang J, Fero M, Gao CS, Gao ML, Gao SQ, Gratton P, Gu JH, Gu SD, Gu WX, Gu YF, Guo YN, Han SW, Han Y, Harris FA, Hatanaka M, He J, He M, Hitlin DG, Hu GY, Hu T, Hu XQ, Huang DQ, Huang YZ, Izen JM, Jia QP, Jiang CH, Jin S, Jin Y, Jones L, Kang SH, Ke ZJ, Kelsey MH, Kim BK, Kong D, Lai YF, Lan HB, Lang PF, Lankford A, Li F, Li J, Li PQ, Li Q, Li RB, Li W, Li WD, Li WG, Li XH, Li XN, Lin SZ, Liu HM, Liu J, Liu JH, Liu Q, Liu RG, Liu Y, Liu ZA, Lou XC, Lowery B, Lu JG, Luo SQ, Luo Y, Ma AM, Ma EC, Ma JM, Mao HS, Mao ZP, Malchow R, Mandelkern M, Meng XC, Ni HL, Nie J, Olsen SL, Oyang J, Paluselli D, Pan LJ, Panetta J, Porter F, Prabhakar E, Qi ND, Que YK, Quigley J, Rong G, Schernau M, Schmid B, Schultz J, Shao YY, Shen BW, Shen DL, Shen H, Shen XY, Sheng HY, Shi HZ, Shi XR, Smith A, Soderstrom E, Song XF, Standifird J, Stoker D, Sun F, Sun HS, Sun SJ, Synodinos J, Tan YP, Tang SQ, Toki W, Tong GL, Torrence E, Wang F, Wang LS, Wang LZ, Wang M, Wang P, Wang PL, Wang SM, Wang TJ, Wang YY, Wei CL, Whittaker S, Wilson R, Wisniewski WJ, Xi DM, Xia XM, Xie PP, Xiong WJ, Xu DZ, Xu RS, Xu ZQ, Xue ST, Yamamoto R, Yan J, Yan WG, Yang CM, Yang CY, Yang J, Yang W, Ye MH, Ye SW, Ye SZ, Young K, Yu CS, Yu CX, Yu ZQ, Yuan CZ, Zhang BY, Zhang CC, Zhang DH, Zhang HL, Zhang J, Zhang JW, Zhang LS, Zhang SQ, Zhang Y, Zhang YY, Zhao DX, Zhao HW, Zhao JW, Zhao M, Zhao PD, Zhao WR, Zheng JP, Zheng LS, Zheng ZP, Zhou GP, Zhou HS, Zhou L, Zhou XF, Zhou YH, Zhu QM, Zhu YC, Zhu YS, Zhuang BA, Zioulas G. Search for a vector glueball by a scan of the J/ psi resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1996; 54:1221-1224. [PMID: 10020592 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.54.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
84
|
Wang KK, Nath R, Posner A, Raser KJ, Buroker-Kilgore M, Hajimohammadreza I, Probert A W, Marcoux FW, Ye Q, Takano E, Hatanaka M, Maki M, Caner H, Collins JL, Fergus A, Lee KS, Lunney EA, Hays SJ, Yuen P. An alpha-mercaptoacrylic acid derivative is a selective nonpeptide cell-permeable calpain inhibitor and is neuroprotective. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:6687-92. [PMID: 8692879 PMCID: PMC39087 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overactivation of calcium-activated neutral protease (calpain) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several degenerative conditions, including stroke, myocardial ischemia, neuromuscular degeneration, and cataract formation. Alpha-mercaptoacrylate derivatives (exemplified by PD150606), with potent and selective inhibitory actions against calpain, have been identified. PD150606 exhibits the following characteristics: (i) Ki values for mu- and m-calpains of 0.21 microM and 0.37 microM, respectively, (ii) high specificity for calpains relative to other proteases, (iii) uncompetitive inhibition with respect to substrate, and (iv) it does not shield calpain against inactivation by the active-site inhibitor trans-(epoxysuccinyl)-L-leucyl-amido-3-methylbutane, suggesting a nonactive site action for PD150606. The recombinant calcium-binding domain from each of the large or small subunits of mu-calpain was found to interact with PD150606. In low micromolar range, PD15O6O6 inhibited calpain activity in two intact cell systems. The neuroprotective effects of this class of compound were also demonstrated by the ability of PD150606 to attenuate hypoxic/hypoglycemic injury to cerebrocortical neurons in culture and excitotoxic injury to Purkinje cells in cerebellar slices.
Collapse
|
85
|
Kubota S, Hatanaka M, Pomerantz RJ. Nucleo-cytoplasmic redistribution of the HTLV-I Rex protein: alterations by coexpression of the HTLV-I p21x protein. Virology 1996; 220:502-7. [PMID: 8661402 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1996.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The function of the Rex protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) has been demonstrated to be very similar to the Rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Both of these retroviral regulatory proteins rescue unspliced viral RNAs from the nuclei of infected cells. The Rev protein of HIV-1 has been reported to shuttle between the nucleus/nucleolus and the cytoplasm. Here, we have found that Rex also relocated out of the nucleus in the presence of actinomycin D. This effect was demonstrated in dose- and time-course-dependent manners. In comparison with previous reports on HIV-1 Rev, these effects with Rex seemed to be similar, but less distinct, which may reflect precise differences in the subcellular localization and/or shuttling pathways of Rev and Rex. Interestingly, the endogenous truncated form of the Rex protein, p21x, significantly interfered with the intracellular translocation of Rex, when coexpressed in trans. As expression of p21x occurs in various HTLV-I-infected cells, p21x may play a role in the life-cycle of HTLV-I, through regulating the dynamic subcellular distribution of the viral trans-activator, Rex.
Collapse
|
86
|
Hatanaka M, Sasaki J, Kandori H, Ebrey TG, Needleman R, Lanyi JK, Maeda A. Effects of arginine-82 on the interactions of internal water molecules in bacteriorhodopsin. Biochemistry 1996; 35:6308-12. [PMID: 8639574 DOI: 10.1021/bi952973v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Arg82, one of the residues near the protonated Schiff base of bacteriorhodopsin, facilitates proton release to the medium during the L-to-M reaction of the photocycle, but retards the rate of proton transfer from the Schiff base to Asp85. In order to understand the role of Arg82 in these processes, the structural changes upon formation of the M intermediate were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the hydrated films of Arg82 mutants at pH 9.5. The negative band at 1700 cm-1 in the BR --> M spectrum due to the deprotonation of Glu204 was absent when Arg82 was replaced with alanine (R82A), but present with small amplitude when residue 82 was a glutamine (R82Q), or a lysine (R82K), with a shift to 1696 cm-1. The O-H stretch of water at 3643 cm-1 is shifted toward a lower frequency in R82Q, R82K, and R82A in the unphotolyzed state. However, R82Q retains a fraction of the unshifted band. Another O-H stretch is prominent in R82Q around 3625 cm-1 but absent in R82A and probably in R82K. In parallel, R82Q retains a fraction of the slow component of the formation of the M intermediate, which is almost completely absent in R82K and R82A. These results, along with previous data for the mutants of Glu204, suggest that the guanidium group of Arg82 influences the H-bonding of water molecules located close to Asp85 and Arg82-Glu204 regions, and the rate of proton transfer from the Schiff base to Asp85. The amide group of Gln82 can substitute for it but weakly.
Collapse
|
87
|
Seya T, Matsumoto M, Hatanaka M, Okada M, Masaki T, Iida K. Rapid purification of human complement receptor type 1 (CD35, CR1). JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 1996; 32:69-76. [PMID: 8796479 DOI: 10.1016/0165-022x(95)00005-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We established a rapid purification procedure for complement receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35). Human erythrocyte stromata were solubilized, and the extract was directly applied to a Red-Sepharose column. The eluate was diluted 2-fold, then subjected to an immunoaffinity column, anti-CR1 (named 31R)-conjugated to Sepharose. More than 50% of CR1 was recovered with purity of > 90%. The CR1 preparation showed sufficient cofactor activity for factor I as compared to that prepared by the conventional method. Since 31R recognizes a single epitope in CR1 including its rare variants and soluble forms, this method will allow us to recover with high efficiency these forms of CR1 which have been detected especially in some disease states.
Collapse
|
88
|
Kubota S, Siomi H, Hatanaka M, Pomerantz RJ. Cis/trans-activation of the interleukin-9 receptor gene in an HTLV-I-transformed human lymphocytic cell. Oncogene 1996; 12:1441-7. [PMID: 8622860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The MT-2 cell-line, which had been established through in vitro cell to cell transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) among human primary lymphocytes, was shown to possess multiple copies of integrated proviruses, including defective proviral genomes. By analysing a genomic clone, we identified the integration site of a single HTLV-I long terminal repeat (LTR) in the interleukin-9 (IL-9) receptor (IL-9R) gene. The integrated HTLV-I-LTR was shown to be functional as a promoter and the integration site was located in an intron upstream of the first coding exon of the IL-9R gene. Upon analysis of total cellular RNA, specific expression of HTLV-I-LTR Il-9R chimeric mRNAs in MT-2 cells was demonstrated. Cloning and characterization of these cDNAs have identified HTLV-I-IL-9R chimeric splicing, using either intact or alternative splice sites within the IL-9R gene. The potential roles of multiple interactions between IL-9, IL-9R and HTLV-I in the monoclonal expansion and transformation of MT-2 cells are explored.
Collapse
|
89
|
Miyagawa S, Mikata S, Shirakura R, Matsuda H, Nagasawa S, Terados A, Hatanaka M, Matsumoto M, Seya T. C5b-8 step lysis of swine endothelial cells by human complement and functional feature of transfected CD59. Scand J Immunol 1996; 43:361-6. [PMID: 8668913 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-50.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The authors established several swine endothelial cell (SEC) lines expressing human CD59 by transfection of cDNA, and assessed the function of the transfectant molecules in comparison with those of membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and decay-accelerating factor (DAF) in an in vitro hyperacute rejection model of swine to human discordant xenograft. At the usual expression rate, DAF and MCP protected SEC from human complement mediated cell lysis, but CD59 did not block human complement attack on SEC. However, CD59 protects SEC from cell lysis when sufficiently expressed as in human umbilical vein (HUVEC). The authors examined why CD59 needed so many molecules to protect human complement-mediated SEC lysis and found that SEC underwent lysis by human C5b-8. The degree of C5b-8 step lysis of SEC was approximately 70% of the total activation (C5b-9). Additionally, CD59 protected human complement activities less efficiently at the C5b-8 step than at the C9-step. Therefore, to overcome human complement mediated SEC lysis, C8 activity must be inhibited by dense expression of CD59.
Collapse
|
90
|
Miyagawa S, Shirakura R, Mikata S, Tanemura M, Fukushima N, Matsuda H, Terado A, Hatanaka M, Matsumoto M, Seya T. Functional feature of C5b-8-step lysis of swine endothelial cell- transfected CD59. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:597-8. [PMID: 8623293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
91
|
Hatanaka M, Seya T, Matsumoto M, Hara T, Nonaka M, Inoue N, Takeda J, Shimizu A. Mechanisms by which the surface expression of the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored complement regulatory proteins decay-accelerating factor (CD55) and CD59 is lost in human leukaemia cell lines. Biochem J 1996; 314 ( Pt 3):969-76. [PMID: 8615796 PMCID: PMC1217151 DOI: 10.1042/bj3140969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the mechanisms of defects in the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored complement regulatory proteins delay-accelerating factor (DAF) and/or CD59 in a panel of human leukaemia cell lines that lack surface expression of these proteins: U937 (DAF+/CD59-), CEM (DAF-/CD59+), TALL (DAF-/CD59-) and a substrain of Ramos [Ramos(-)] (DAF-/CD59-). Northern blotting and reverse transcription-PCR revealed that the main cause of the DAF and/or CD59 deficiency is the failure of mRNA expression in most of the cell lines, except in Ramos(-) in which sufficient mRNA for DAF and CD59 was produced. U937, CEM and TALL cells were not defective in GPI anchor formation as assessed by the detection of other GPI-anchored proteins. No gene abnormality corresponding to DAF or CD59 was detected by Southern blotting. Thus the cause of the defects of DAF and/or CD59 in these leukaemia cell lines except for Ramos(-) is virtually undetectable steady-state levels of the relevant mRNA, most likely attributable to lack of transcription in these cell lines. On the other hand, Ramos(-) cells failed to generate a GPI anchor, whereas they normally expressed DAF and CD59 transcripts. The transfection of phosphatidylinositol-glycan class A (PIG-A) cDNA into Ramos(-) cells restored DAF and CD59 expression, indicating that the defective mechanism in GPI anchor formation is similar to that in paroxysmal noctural haemoglobinuria (PNH) cells, i.e. a deficiency of the PIG-A gene product. Thus the mechanisms of the defects of DAF and/or CD59 in human leukaemia cell lines are not uniform, and in most cases are different from that proposed to cause PNH.
Collapse
|
92
|
Otsuka C, Miura KF, Satoh T, Hatanaka M, Wakabayashi K, Ishidate M. Cytogenetic effects of a food mutagen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-beta]pyridine (PhIP), and its metabolite, 2-hydroxyamino-1-methy-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-beta]pyridine (N-OH-PhIP), on human and Chinese hamster cells in vitro. Mutat Res 1996; 367:115-21. [PMID: 8600367 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(95)00082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-beta]pyridine (PhIP) induced structural chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in human lymphocytes and human diploid fibroblasts (TIG-7) at concentrations above 12.5 microgram /ml in the presence of rat S9 mix. PhIP also elevated the frequencies of SCEs in human lymphocytes in the presence of rat S9 at concentrations above 2.0 microgram/ml with dose-dependency. A proximate form of metabolites of PhIP, 2-hydroxy-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-beta]pyridine (N-OH-PhIP), caused CAs in human and Chinese hamster fibroblast cells in the absence of S9 mix at concentrations above 0.75 microgram/ml and 1.25 microgram/ml, respectively, which were 10 times lower than the effective concentration of PhIP. No marked differences were observed in the cytogenetic sensitivity to N-OH-PhIP between human and Chinese hamster cells, except between lymphocytes obtained from different donors.
Collapse
|
93
|
Yamaoka S, Inoue H, Sakurai M, Sugiyama T, Hazama M, Yamada T, Hatanaka M. Constitutive activation of NF-kappa B is essential for transformation of rat fibroblasts by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax protein. EMBO J 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
94
|
Yamaoka S, Inoue H, Sakurai M, Sugiyama T, Hazama M, Yamada T, Hatanaka M. Constitutive activation of NF-kappa B is essential for transformation of rat fibroblasts by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax protein. EMBO J 1996; 15:873-87. [PMID: 8631308 PMCID: PMC450285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) encodes a 40 kDa trans-acting protein, Tax, that regulates transcription of both the proviral and cellular genes, and can transform rat fibroblasts. To determine the functional importance of its trans-acting capacities in cell transformation, we have examined two representative pathways of transcriptional activation--HTLV-I long terminal repeat (LTR) mediated and NF-kappa B dependent--by mutational analysis of Tax. In contrast to a previous report, mutants lacking the ability to activate an NF-kappaB-dependent promoter failed to transform rat fibroblasts, whereas a mutation which abolishes the HTLV-I LTR-mediated trans-activation demonstrated a wild-type capacity for cell transformation. Stable expression of Tax competent for transformation caused enhanced DNA binding of NF-kappa B in rat fibroblasts. We also demonstrate that stable co-expression of the NFKB2 precursor, known as a member of the I kappa B proteins, with wild-type Tax blocked transformation as well as eliminated aberrant NF-kappaB activation by Tax without interference with the HTLV-I LTR-mediated trans-activation. Our results indicate that constitutive activation of NF-kappa B is essential for Tax-mediated transformation of rat fibroblasts.
Collapse
|
95
|
Kubota S, Duan L, Furuta RA, Hatanaka M, Pomerantz RJ. Nuclear preservation and cytoplasmic degradation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev protein. J Virol 1996; 70:1282-7. [PMID: 8551596 PMCID: PMC189944 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.70.2.1282-1287.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rev, a major regulatory protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, has been demonstrated to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected cells. The fate of the Rev protein in living cells was evaluated by pulse-chase experiments using a transient Rev expression system. Sixteen hours after chasing with unlabelled amino acids, 45% of the labelled Rev was still present, which clearly indicates a long half-life of Rev in living cells. A Rev mutant which is deficient in the ability to migrate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm was degraded more slowly than the wild-type Rev protein. As well, another Rev mutant protein, which lacks a functional nucleolar targeting signal (NOS) and is unable to enter the cell nucleus, was rapidly degraded and undetectable 16 h after chasing. Nuclear-nucleolar targeting properties provided by a divergent NOS from a related retrovirus, which was used to substitute for the NOS of Rev, increased the intracellular half-life of this Rev mutant. Moreover, coexpression of an intracellular anti-Rev single-chain antibody (SFv), which has been shown to interfere with the nuclear translocation of Rev, accelerated the degradation of the wild-type Rev protein. Differential degradation of Rev in the nucleus and cytoplasm may play a critical role in determining and maintaining different stages of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, in conjunction with the shuttling properties of the Rev protein.
Collapse
|
96
|
Bai JZ, Bardon O, Becker-Szendy RA, Blum I, Breakstone A, Burnett T, Chen GP, Chen HF, Chen J, Chen SJ, Chen SM, Chen Y, Chen YB, Chen YQ, Cheng BS, Cowan RF, Cui HC, Cui XZ, Ding HL, Du ZZ, Dunwoodie W, Fan XL, Fang J, Gao CS, Gao ML, Gao SQ, Gao WX, Gratton P, Gu JH, Gu SD, Gu WX, Gu YF, Guo YN, Han SW, Han Y, Harris FA, Hatanaka M, He J, He KR, He M, Hitlin DG, Hu GY, Hu T, Hu XQ, Huang DQ, Huang YZ, Izen JM, Jia QP, Jiang CH, Jiang ZZ, Jin S, Jin Y, Jones L, Kang SH, Ke ZJ, Kelsey MH, Kim BK, Lai YF, Lan HB, Lang PF, Lankford A, Li F, Li J, Li PQ. Measurement of the mass of the tau lepton. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1996; 53:20-34. [PMID: 10019769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.53.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
97
|
Miyazaki Y, Nosaka T, Hatanaka M. The post-transcriptional regulator Rev of HIV: implications for its interaction with the nucleolar protein B23. Biochimie 1996; 78:1081-6. [PMID: 9150888 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(97)86733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) belong to the complex retrovirus whose replication is controlled by trans-acting proteins. HIV-1 encodes several regulatory proteins, including two essential trans-activations for viral replication, Rev and Tat. Both Rev and Tat have a nucleolar targeting signal and are actually located predominantly in the nucleoli. Within the nucleoli, Rev is localized to the combined regions of the dense fibrillar (DFC) and the granular (GC) components. Tat does not colocalize precisely with any nucleolar component tested, but partly overlaps regions of the DFC and the GC. Regions of both Rev and Tat are overlapped by the distribution of the major nucleolar protein B23. Overexpression of Rev causes nucleolar ballooning and general structural deformity with aberrant accumulation of rRNAs, whereas Tat does not have that effect. B23 is markedly accumulated in those nucleoli deformed by Rev. Components of the nucleolar DFC, GC, and fibrillar center domains are not accumulated but dispersed in a few small spots or larger patches within the enlarged nucleoli. Cytophotometric DNA determinations revealed that transient expression of Rev results in accumulation of G2, prophase, and mitotic cells which have failed cytokinesis, suggesting that Rev is capable of preventing or slowing the progression through mitosis. Tat, in contrast, does not affect the cell cycle. We speculate, based on these results, that Rev represses cell growth inhibiting the transport of ribosomal proteins and preribosomal particles across the nuclear envelope and affecting the cell cycle, both of which may be related to the proposed functions of B23.
Collapse
|
98
|
Hatanaka M. [Gene therapy of AIDS by a Rev mutant without nucleolar dysfunction]. TANPAKUSHITSU KAKUSAN KOSO. PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACID, ENZYME 1995; 40:2753-8. [PMID: 8584732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
99
|
Hara T, Suzuki Y, Semba T, Hatanaka M, Matsumoto M, Seya T. High expression of membrane cofactor protein of complement (CD46) in human leukaemia cell lines: implication of an alternatively spliced form containing the STA domain in CD46 up-regulation. Scand J Immunol 1995; 42:581-90. [PMID: 8552981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) is a receptor for the measles virus and serves as a complement regulator which protects host cells from autologous complement attack. MCP is highly polymorphic due to a variety of mRNA splice products. The levels of MCP expression on T and myeloid cell lines are usually two-eightfold higher than those on their normal counterparts, whereas Burkitt's lymphoma B cell lines express less MCP than B cell lineages carrying no EB virus. The molecule has a Ser/Thr-rich (ST) domain adjacent to the functional domain, namely short consensus repeats (SCR). The ST domain and a cytoplasmic tail (CYT) contribute to the MCP polymorphism. The ST domain is encoded by three exons (A, B and C) and major ST isoforms are STABC, STBC and STC. The authors investigated the relationship between the expression levels and isoform usage of MCP by flow cytometry using specific antibodies against STA and STC, by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with size markers for each splice variant, and by RT-PCR/Southern blotting using a specific probe for STA. The results were (1) the profiles of mean shifts of myeloid and T cell lines were STC < STA on flow cytometry while those of B cell lines and normal blood cells were STA < STC; (2) all cell lines tested by RT-PCR expressed the messages for the isoforms STBC/CYT1, STC/CYT1, STBC/CYT2, and STC/CYT2. The band for STABC/CYT2 overlapped that for STC/CYT1, and the band for STABC/CYT1 was marginal in all cell lines examined; (3) semi-quantitative analysis of the STABC isoforms by Southern blotting indicated the presence of high levels of the STABC messages in myeloid and T-cell lines in comparison with B lymphoid cells and normal leucocytes. Thus, the quantity of MCP expressed parallels the STABC message level, which is up-regulated in T and myeloid leukaemia cell lines.
Collapse
|
100
|
Kubota S, Furuta RA, Siomi H, Maki M, Hatanaka M. Analysis of a novel defective HTLV-I provirus and detection of a new HTLV-I-induced cellular transcript. FEBS Lett 1995; 375:31-6. [PMID: 7498474 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01166-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
HTLV-I generally integrates at least one full-length copy in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells. A group of patients without full-length provirus have a unique conserved truncation of the provirus which retains env-pX-3'LTR. Tumor cells of a patient from this group were genetically analyzed. Analysis of the 5' and 3' cellular flanking region adjacent to the provirus suggest that the defective provirus was integrated immediately downstream of a promoter of an unknown cellular gene. The activity of the promoter was weak but was responsive to Tax-like HTLV-I LTR. The provirus may have utilized it as a substitute for the 5'LTR and thus 3'LTR may have become an alternative promoter for the cellular gene, which may give similar viral-cellular interactions to that of general cases with full-length proviruses. Surprisingly, the 3' cellular flanking region which is thought to be controlled originally by the promoter is constitutively expressed specifically in an HTLV-I producing ATL cell line HUT1O2G, in which the corresponding region is not modified by provirus. The detection of this HTLV-I-induced transcript provides a probe to find an HTLV-I inducible unknown cellular gene that may be related to the pathogenesis of ATL.
Collapse
|