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Kolind T, Hesse M. Patient-centred care-perhaps the future of substance abuse treatment. Addiction 2017; 112:465-466. [PMID: 28168786 DOI: 10.1111/add.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu YH, Hesse M, Guo F, Daughton W, Li H, Cassak PA, Shay MA. Why does Steady-State Magnetic Reconnection have a Maximum Local Rate of Order 0.1? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:085101. [PMID: 28282209 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.085101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Simulations suggest collisionless steady-state magnetic reconnection of Harris-type current sheets proceeds with a rate of order 0.1, independent of dissipation mechanism. We argue this long-standing puzzle is a result of constraints at the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) scale. We predict the reconnection rate as a function of the opening angle made by the upstream magnetic fields, finding a maximum reconnection rate close to 0.2. The predictions compare favorably to particle-in-cell simulations of relativistic electron-positron and nonrelativistic electron-proton reconnection. The fact that simulated reconnection rates are close to the predicted maximum suggests reconnection proceeds near the most efficient state allowed at the MHD scale. The rate near the maximum is relatively insensitive to the opening angle, potentially explaining why reconnection has a similar fast rate in differing models.
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Thylstrup B, Schrøder S, Fridell M, Hesse M. Did you get any help? A post-hoc secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of psychoeducation for patients with antisocial personality disorder in outpatient substance abuse treatment programs. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:7. [PMID: 28068951 PMCID: PMC5223491 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People in treatment for substance use disorder commonly have comorbid personality disorders, including antisocial personality disorder. Little is known about treatments that specifically address comorbid antisocial personality disorder. METHODS Self-rated help received for antisocial personality disorder was assessed during follow-ups at 3, 9 and 15 months post-randomization of a randomized trial of psychoeducation for people with comorbid substance use and antisocial personality disorder (n = 175). RESULTS Randomization to psychoeducation was associated with increased perceived help for antisocial personality disorder. Perceived help for antisocial personality disorder was in turn associated with more days abstinent and higher treatment satisfaction at the 3-month follow-up, and reduced risk of dropping out of treatment after the 3-month follow-up, and perceived help mediated the effects of random assignment on days abstinent at 3-month. FOLLOW-UP CONCLUSIONS Brief psychoeducation for antisocial personality disorder increased patients' self-rated help for antisocial personality disorder in substance abuse treatment, and reporting having received help for antisocial personality disorder was in turn associated with better short-term outcomes, e.g., days abstinent, dropout from treatment and treatment satisfaction. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN67266318 , retrospectively registered 17/7/2012.
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Thylstrup B, Simonsen S, Nemery C, Simonsen E, Noll JF, Myatt MW, Hesse M. Assessment of personality-related levels of functioning: a pilot study of clinical assessment of the DSM-5 level of personality functioning based on a semi-structured interview. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:298. [PMID: 27562651 PMCID: PMC5000451 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The personality disorder categories in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV have been extensively criticized, and there is a growing consensus that personality pathology should be represented dimensionally rather than categorically. The aim of this pilot study was to test the Clinical Assessment of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale, a semi-structured clinical interview, designed to assess the Level of Personality Functioning Scale of the DSM-5 (Section III) by applying strategies similar to what characterizes assessments in clinical practice. METHODS The inter-rater reliability of the assessment of the four domains and the total impairment in the Level of Personality Functioning Scale were measured in a patient sample that varied in terms of severity and type of pathology. Ratings were done independently by the interviewer and two experts who watched a videotaped Clinical Assessment of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale interview. RESULTS Inter-rater reliability coefficients varied between domains and were not sufficient for clinical practice, but may support the use of the interview to assess the dimensions of personality functioning for research purposes. CONCLUSIONS While designed to measure the Level of Personality Functioning Scale with a high degree of similarity to clinical practice, the Clinical Assessment of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale had weak reliabilities and a rating based on a single interview should not be considered a stand-alone assessment of areas of functioning for a given patient.
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Schwarting A, Pfeiff B, Amberger C, Pick D, Hesse M, Jendro M, Engels J, Böttger A, Kuhn C, Majdandzic J, Ziese W, Stadelmann ML, Kessler FW, Dinges H, Ultes-Kaiser S, Droste U, Schmalhofer M, Hazenbiller A, Rector M, Weinmann-Menke J, Triantafyllias K, Becker M, Ataian M, Lablans M, Ueckert F, Panholzer T, Blettner M. [The regional network ADAPTHERA : Rheumatology care through coordinated cooperation: comprehensive, trans-sectoral, covering all health insurance. Initial results]. Z Rheumatol 2016; 75:999-1005. [PMID: 27535273 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the rheumatology network ADAPTHERA ("risk-adapted rheumatology therapy") is to achieve a comprehensive improvement in rheumatology care by coordinating treatment in a regional, trans-sectoral network. Accompanying biomedical research projects, training concepts, and the construction of a rheumatology register (gathering data and biomaterials) should furthermore ensure the stable and sustainable optimisation of care. In the pilot phase (2012-2015) the focus of the ADAPTHERA network, required as a "regional key project" within the framework of the Initiative on Health Economy of Rheinland-Palatinate (RL-P), Germany, was placed on the optimisation of the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, where it is well-known that there is a significant care deficit.Through the intensive, stable, and coordinated cooperation of all health care partners in the field of rheumatology (registered general practitioners and orthopaedic specialists, registered core rheumatologists as well as the Association of Rheumatology of RL-P) a unique regional, comprehensive offer with verifiable care optimisation has been established in RL-P. The network is supported by outstanding collaboration with the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians and the self-help organisation Rheumatology League.The aims that were established at the start of the project will be achieved by the end of the pilot phase:- significant improvement in the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (an average of 23.7 days until diagnosis by rheumatologists)- access covering all health insurance (regardless of the particular scheme the patients belong to)- comprehensive (verifiable participation of general practitioners from all over RL-P)- data and biomaterials collection, established as a basis for biomarker research, and a rheumatology register for RL-P.
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Eriksson S, Wilder FD, Ergun RE, Schwartz SJ, Cassak PA, Burch JL, Chen LJ, Torbert RB, Phan TD, Lavraud B, Goodrich KA, Holmes JC, Stawarz JE, Sturner AP, Malaspina DM, Usanova ME, Trattner KJ, Strangeway RJ, Russell CT, Pollock CJ, Giles BL, Hesse M, Lindqvist PA, Drake JF, Shay MA, Nakamura R, Marklund GT. Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations of the Electron Diffusion Region of Large Guide Field Magnetic Reconnection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:015001. [PMID: 27419573 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) satellites of a large guide field magnetic reconnection event. The observations suggest that two of the four MMS spacecraft sampled the electron diffusion region, whereas the other two spacecraft detected the exhaust jet from the event. The guide magnetic field amplitude is approximately 4 times that of the reconnecting field. The event is accompanied by a significant parallel electric field (E_{∥}) that is larger than predicted by simulations. The high-speed (∼300 km/s) crossing of the electron diffusion region limited the data set to one complete electron distribution inside of the electron diffusion region, which shows significant parallel heating. The data suggest that E_{∥} is balanced by a combination of electron inertia and a parallel gradient of the gyrotropic electron pressure.
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Ergun RE, Goodrich KA, Wilder FD, Holmes JC, Stawarz JE, Eriksson S, Sturner AP, Malaspina DM, Usanova ME, Torbert RB, Lindqvist PA, Khotyaintsev Y, Burch JL, Strangeway RJ, Russell CT, Pollock CJ, Giles BL, Hesse M, Chen LJ, Lapenta G, Goldman MV, Newman DL, Schwartz SJ, Eastwood JP, Phan TD, Mozer FS, Drake J, Shay MA, Cassak PA, Nakamura R, Marklund G. Magnetospheric Multiscale Satellites Observations of Parallel Electric Fields Associated with Magnetic Reconnection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:235102. [PMID: 27341241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.235102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites of parallel electric fields (E_{∥}) associated with magnetic reconnection in the subsolar region of the Earth's magnetopause. E_{∥} events near the electron diffusion region have amplitudes on the order of 100 mV/m, which are significantly larger than those predicted for an antiparallel reconnection electric field. This Letter addresses specific types of E_{∥} events, which appear as large-amplitude, near unipolar spikes that are associated with tangled, reconnected magnetic fields. These E_{∥} events are primarily in or near a current layer near the separatrix and are interpreted to be double layers that may be responsible for secondary reconnection in tangled magnetic fields or flux ropes. These results are telling of the three-dimensional nature of magnetopause reconnection and indicate that magnetopause reconnection may be often patchy and/or drive turbulence along the separatrix that results in flux ropes and/or tangled magnetic fields.
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Thylstrup B, Hesse M. The Impulsive Lifestyle Counseling Program for Antisocial Behavior in Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2016; 60:919-935. [PMID: 21862528 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x11416331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antisocial behavior is associated with low quality of life for the patient and with adverse effects on society and those close to the antisocial patient. However, most patients with antisocial behavior are not seen in treatment settings that focus on their personality but rather in criminal justice settings, substance-abuse treatment, and social welfare settings. This article describes the adaptation and implementation of a highly structured manualized treatment, Impulsive Lifestyle Counseling (ILC), based on the Lifestyle Issues program, a 10-week psychoeducation program studied in prison settings. ILC consists of four sessions over 4 weeks and a booster session 8 weeks later. The goal of treatment is described to patients as "to help people identify their impulsive thoughts and lifestyle leading to problems with drug use, other people, and the police." Two clinical examples and reflections on our experiences with the training and implementation of the ILC program are presented.
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Triantafyllias K, Leiß R, Lauter A, De Blasi M, Hesse M, Schwarting A. AB0210 Quality of Life Indexes in Patients with Very Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (VERA): A Two Center Subgroup Analysis from The Adapthera Cohort: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.5938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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85
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Burch JL, Torbert RB, Phan TD, Chen LJ, Moore TE, Ergun RE, Eastwood JP, Gershman DJ, Cassak PA, Argall MR, Wang S, Hesse M, Pollock CJ, Giles BL, Nakamura R, Mauk BH, Fuselier SA, Russell CT, Strangeway RJ, Drake JF, Shay MA, Khotyaintsev YV, Lindqvist PA, Marklund G, Wilder FD, Young DT, Torkar K, Goldstein J, Dorelli JC, Avanov LA, Oka M, Baker DN, Jaynes AN, Goodrich KA, Cohen IJ, Turner DL, Fennell JF, Blake JB, Clemmons J, Goldman M, Newman D, Petrinec SM, Trattner KJ, Lavraud B, Reiff PH, Baumjohann W, Magnes W, Steller M, Lewis W, Saito Y, Coffey V, Chandler M. Electron-scale measurements of magnetic reconnection in space. Science 2016; 352:aaf2939. [PMID: 27174677 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental physical process in plasmas whereby stored magnetic energy is converted into heat and kinetic energy of charged particles. Reconnection occurs in many astrophysical plasma environments and in laboratory plasmas. Using measurements with very high time resolution, NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission has found direct evidence for electron demagnetization and acceleration at sites along the sunward boundary of Earth's magnetosphere where the interplanetary magnetic field reconnects with the terrestrial magnetic field. We have (i) observed the conversion of magnetic energy to particle energy; (ii) measured the electric field and current, which together cause the dissipation of magnetic energy; and (iii) identified the electron population that carries the current as a result of demagnetization and acceleration within the reconnection diffusion/dissipation region.
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Hesse M. Article Commentary: A new view is emerging of patients with substance use disorders. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/nsad-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Holm S, Tolstrup J, Thylstrup B, Hesse M. Neutralization and glorification: Cannabis culture-related beliefs predict cannabis use initiation. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2015.1087967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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88
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Harris SC, Hesse M, Kyprianou AE. Branching Brownian motion in a strip: Survival near criticality. ANN PROBAB 2016. [DOI: 10.1214/14-aop972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Low SL, Wong SY, Ooi IH, Hesse M, Städler Y, Schönenberger J, Boyce PC. Floral diversity and pollination strategies of three rheophytic Schismatoglottideae (Araceae). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:84-97. [PMID: 25688576 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Homoplastic evolution of 'unique' morphological characteristics in the Schismatoglottideae - many previously used to define genera - prompted this study to compare morphology and function in connection with pollination biology for Aridarum nicolsonii, Phymatarum borneense and Schottarum sarikeense. Aridarum nicolsonii and P. borneense extrude pollen through a pair of horned thecae while S. sarikeense sheds pollen through a pair of pores on the thecae. Floral traits of spathe constriction, presence and movement of sterile structures on the spadix, the comparable role of horned thecae and thecae pores, the presence of stamen-associated calcium oxalate packages, and the timing of odour emission are discussed in the context of their roles in pollinator management. Pollinators for all investigated species were determined to be species of Colocasiomyia (Diptera: Drosophilidae).
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Seid AK, Hesse M, Bloomfield K. 'Make it another for me and my mates': Does social capital encourage risky drinking among the Danish general population? Scand J Public Health 2015; 44:240-8. [PMID: 26644161 DOI: 10.1177/1403494815619536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between several indicators of social capital and risky single occasion drinking (RSOD) in a representative survey sample of the Danish general population. METHODS Data from the 2011 Danish national survey (n=2569) with respondents aged 15-79 years were used. Ordered logit modelling was applied to investigate the influence of social networks, social support, social participation and trust on RSOD. RESULTS A strong positive relationship was found between frequency of contact with male friends and RSOD between both sexes. Furthermore, social trust among men and membership in voluntary organisations among women was significantly associated with RSOD. Additionally, contact with male family members for women and active participation in religious services for both sexes were strongly and negatively correlated with RSOD. CONCLUSIONS Some aspects of social capital can be positively related to at-risk health behaviours, as was found for RSOD in the Danish general population.
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Thylstrup B, Schrøder S, Hesse M. Psycho-education for substance use and antisocial personality disorder: a randomized trial. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:283. [PMID: 26573140 PMCID: PMC4647713 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antisocial personality disorder often co-exists with drug and alcohol use disorders. METHODS This trial examined the effectiveness of offering psycho-education for antisocial personality disorder in community substance use disorder treatment centers in Denmark. A total of 176 patients were randomly allocated to treatment as usual (TAU, n = 80) or TAU plus a psycho-educative program, Impulsive Lifestyle Counselling (ILC, n = 96) delivered by site clinicians (n = 39). Using follow-up interviews 3 and 9 months after randomization, we examined changes in drug and alcohol use (Addiction Severity Index Composite Scores), percent days abstinent (PDA) within last month, and aggression as measured with the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire-Short Form and the Self-Report of Aggression and Social Behavior Measure. RESULTS Overall engagement in psychological interventions was modest: 71 (76 %) of participants randomized to psycho-education attended at least one counselling session, and 21 (23 %) attended all six sessions. The Median number of sessions was 2. All patients reduced drug and alcohol problems at 9 months with small within-group effect sizes. Intention-to-treat analyses indicated significant differences between ILC and TAU in mean drugs composite score (p = .018) and in PDA (p = .041) at 3 months. Aggression declined in both groups, but no differences between ILC and TAU were observed in terms of alcohol problems or aggression at any follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Moderate short-term improvements in substance use were associated with randomization to Impulsive Lifestyle Counselling. The findings support the usefulness of providing psycho-education to outpatients with antisocial personality disorder. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN67266318 , 17/7/2012.
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Hesse M. Das Dilemma der Schwangeren in Deutschland zwischen dem Gesetz zum Schutze der erwerbstätigen Mutter (Mutterschutzgesetz – MuSchG) und Arbeitgebern. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1566520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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93
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Thylstrup B, Hesse M, Thomsen M, Heerwagen L. Experiences and narratives – Drug users with antisocial personality disorder retelling the process of treatment and change. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2015.1036006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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94
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Austin SF, Mors O, Nordentoft M, Hjorthøj CR, Secher RG, Hesse M, Hagen R, Spada M, Wells A. Schizophrenia and Metacognition: An Investigation of Course of Illness and Metacognitive Beliefs Within a First Episode Psychosis. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-014-9633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hesse M, Vanderplasschen W, Rapp R, Broekaert E, Fridell M. WITHDRAWN: Case management for persons with substance use disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD006265. [PMID: 24737577 PMCID: PMC10654801 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006265.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The review has been withdrawn from publication because it is out of date and the authors are currently not available for updating it The editorial group responsible for this previously published document have withdrawn it from publication.
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Pedersen MU, Hesse M, Thylstrup B. Research in substance abuse treatment: Contributions by the Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2013.840460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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97
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Tutenges S, Bøgkjær T, Witte M, Hesse M. Drunken environments: a survey of bartenders working in pubs, bars and nightclubs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:4896-906. [PMID: 24157511 PMCID: PMC3823323 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that bartenders play a key role in respect of the health and safety of patrons in nightlife environments. However, little is known of how bartenders themselves are affected by the environments in which they work, especially with regard to their exposure to violence, pressure to drink and stress. We used a cross-sectional survey to assess the experiences of bartenders (n = 424) working in pubs, bars and nightclubs in Denmark. 71% of the respondents reported drinking while working, 6% reported using other drugs than alcohol at work, and 33% reported drinking even when they did not feel like it because of pressure to drink at work. Verbal assaults and threats were common and associated with higher levels of perceived stress. Bartenders’ work environment poses a risk for the development of alcohol use disorders. The fact that many bartenders consume significant quantities of alcohol during their working hours may pose a risk not only to their own safety, but also to that of their colleagues and patrons.
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Gauffin K, Vinnerljung B, Fridell M, Hesse M, Hjern A. Childhood socio-economic status, school failure and drug abuse: a Swedish national cohort study. Addiction 2013; 108:1441-9. [PMID: 23489245 DOI: 10.1111/add.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether socio-economic status (SES) in childhood and school failure at 15 years of age predict illicit drug abuse in youth and young adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Register study in a Swedish national cohort born 1973-88 (n = 1,405,763), followed from age 16 to 20-35 years. Cox regression analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for any indication of drug abuse. MEASUREMENTS Our outcomes were hospital admissions, death and criminality associated with illicit drug abuse. Data on socio-demographics, school grades and parental psychosocial problems were collected from censuses (1985 and 1990) and national registers. School failure was defined as having mean school grades from the final year in primary school lower than -1 standard deviation and/or no grades in core subjects. FINDINGS School failure was a strong predictor of illicit drug abuse with an HR of 5.87 (95% CI: 5.76-5.99) after adjustment for age and sex. Childhood SES was associated with illicit drug abuse later in life in a stepwise manner. The lowest stratum had a HR of 2.28 (95% CI: 2.20-2.37) compared with the highest stratum as the reference, when adjusted for other socio-demographic variables. In the fully adjusted model, the effect of SES was greatly attenuated to an HR of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.19-1.28) in the lowest SES category, while the effect of school failure remained high with an HR of 4.22 (95% CI: 4.13-4.31). CONCLUSIONS School failure and childhood socio-economic status predict illicit drug abuse independently in youth and young adults in Sweden.
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Holm S, Sandberg S, Kolind T, Hesse M. The importance of cannabis culture in young adult cannabis use. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2013.790493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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100
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Tutenges S, Jæger MM, Hesse M. The influence of guides on alcohol consumption among young tourists at a nightlife resort. Am J Addict 2013; 21 Suppl 1:S72-6. [PMID: 23786514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess how participation in party activities with guides affects alcohol consumption among young tourists at an international nightlife resort. METHODS Prospective survey of 112 Danish tourists in Sunny Beach, Bulgaria, who were asked about their drinking and activities with guides on three separate nights out. RESULTS Participation in party activities with guides, such as drinking games and Pub Crawls, were associated with heavily increased drinking compared with nights out without guides, but not in a dose-response type relationship. CONCLUSION Participating in party activities with guides increases drinking among young tourists who are already drinking large amounts of alcohol during their vacation. Further studies are needed to measure, describe, and change the role played by guides at nightlife resorts.
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