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Norouzitallab P, Baruah K, Muthappa DM, Bossier P. Non-lethal heat shock induces HSP70 and HMGB1 protein production sequentially to protect Artemia franciscana against Vibrio campbellii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:395-399. [PMID: 25463291 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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77
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Norouzitallab P, Biswas P, Baruah K, Bossier P. Multigenerational immune priming in an invertebrate parthenogenetic Artemia to a pathogenic Vibrio campbellii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:426-429. [PMID: 25433135 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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78
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Li X, Bossier P, Dierckens K, Laureau S, Defoirdt T. Impact of mucin, bile salts and cholesterol on the virulence of Vibrio anguillarum towards gnotobiotic sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. Vet Microbiol 2015; 175:44-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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79
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Ekasari J, Hanif Azhar M, Surawidjaja EH, Nuryati S, De Schryver P, Bossier P. Immune response and disease resistance of shrimp fed biofloc grown on different carbon sources. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:332-339. [PMID: 25218685 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to document the immunological effects of growing shrimp in biofloc systems. The experiment consisted of four types of biofloc systems in which bioflocs were produced by daily supplementation of four different carbon sources, i.e. molasses, tapioca, tapioca-by-product, and rice bran, at an estimated C/N ratio of 15 and a control system without any organic carbon addition. Each biofloc system was stocked with Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) juveniles that were reared for 49 days. The use of tapioca-by-product resulted in a higher survival (93%) of the shrimp as compared to the other carbon sources and the control. The highest yield and protein assimilation was observed when tapioca was used as the carbon source. After 49 days, phenoloxidase (PO) activity of the shrimp grown in all biofloc systems was higher than that of the shrimp from the control system. Following a challenge test by injection with infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), the levels of PO and respiratory burst (RB) activity in the shrimp of all biofloc treatments were higher than that of the challenged shrimp from the control treatment. An increased immunity was also suggested by the survival of the challenged shrimp from the experimental biofloc groups that was significantly higher as compared to the challenged shrimp from the control treatment, regardless of the organic carbon source used to grow the bioflocs. Overall, this study demonstrated that the application of biofloc technology may contribute to the robustness of cultured shrimp by immunostimulation and that this effect is independent of the type of carbon source used to grow the flocs.
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Yang Q, Anh NDQ, Bossier P, Defoirdt T. Norepinephrine and dopamine increase motility, biofilm formation, and virulence of Vibrio harveyi. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:584. [PMID: 25414697 PMCID: PMC4222227 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is one of the major pathogens of aquatic organisms, affecting both vertebrates and invertebrates, and causes important losses in the aquaculture industry. In order to develop novel methods to control disease caused by this pathogen, we need to obtain a better understanding of pathogenicity mechanisms. Sensing of catecholamines increases both growth and production of virulence-related factors in pathogens of terrestrial animals and humans. However, at this moment, knowledge on the impact of catecholamines on the virulence of pathogens of aquatic organisms is lacking. In the present study, we report that in V. harveyi, norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (Dopa) increased growth in serum-supplemented medium, siderophore production, swimming motility, and expression of genes involved in flagellar motility, biofilm formation, and exopolysaccharide production. Consistent with this, pretreatment of V. harveyi with catecholamines prior to inoculation into the rearing water resulted in significantly decreased survival of gnotobiotic brine shrimp larvae, when compared to larvae challenged with untreated V. harveyi. Further, NE-induced effects could be neutralized by α-adrenergic antagonists or by the bacterial catecholamine receptor antagonist LED209, but not by β-adrenergic or dopaminergic antagonists. Dopa-induced effects could be neutralized by dopaminergic antagonists or LED209, but not by adrenergic antagonists. Together, our results indicate that catecholamine sensing increases the success of transmission of V. harveyi and that interfering with catecholamine sensing might be an interesting strategy to control vibriosis in aquaculture. We hypothesize that upon tissue and/or hemocyte damage during infection, pathogens come into contact with elevated catecholamine levels, and that this stimulates the expression of virulence factors that are required to colonize a new host.
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81
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Pande GSJ, Suong NT, Bossier P, Defoirdt T. The catecholamine stress hormones norepinephrine and dopamine increase the virulence of pathogenicVibrio anguillarumandVibrio campbellii. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 90:761-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Baruah K, Norouzitallab P, Linayati L, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P. Reactive oxygen species generated by a heat shock protein (Hsp) inducing product contributes to Hsp70 production and Hsp70-mediated protective immunity in Artemia franciscana against pathogenic vibrios. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:470-479. [PMID: 24950414 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The cytoprotective role of heat shock protein (Hsp70) described in a variety of animal disease models, including vibriosis in farmed aquatic animals, suggests that new protective strategies relying upon the use of compounds that selectively turn on Hsp genes could be developed. The product Tex-OE® (hereafter referred to as Hspi), an extract from the skin of the prickly pear fruit, Opuntia ficus indica, was previously shown to trigger Hsp70 synthesis in a non-stressful situation in a variety of animals, including in a gnotobiotically (germ-free) cultured brine shrimp Artemia franciscana model system. This model system offers great potential for carrying out high-throughput, live-animal screens of compounds that have health benefit effects. By using this model system, we aimed to disclose the underlying cause behind the induction of Hsp70 by Hspi in the shrimp host, and to determine whether the product affects the shrimp in inducing resistance towards pathogenic vibrios. We provide unequivocal evidences indicating that during the pretreatment period with Hspi, there is an initial release of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and/or superoxide anion), generated by the added product, in the rearing water and associated with the host. The reactive molecules generated are the triggering factors responsible for causing Hsp70 induction within Artemia. We have also shown that Hspi acts prophylactically at an optimum dose regimen to confer protection against pathogenic vibrios. This salutary effect was associated with upregulation of two important immune genes, prophenoloxidase and transglutaminase of the innate immune system. These findings suggest that inducers of stress protein (e.g. Hsp70) are potentially important modulator of immune responses and might be exploited to confer protection to cultured shrimp against Vibrio infection.
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83
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Laranja JLQ, Ludevese-Pascual GL, Amar EC, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P, De Schryver P. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulating Bacillus spp. improve the survival, growth and robustness of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) postlarvae. Vet Microbiol 2014; 173:310-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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84
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Niu Y, Defoirdt T, Baruah K, Van de Wiele T, Dong S, Bossier P. Bacillus sp. LT3 improves the survival of gnotobiotic brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) larvae challenged with Vibrio campbellii by enhancing the innate immune response and by decreasing the activity of shrimp-associated vibrios. Vet Microbiol 2014; 173:279-88. [PMID: 25190276 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus are amongst the most intensively studied group of bacteria for use as probiotics in aquaculture. However, the exact mechanism of action of these bacteria is often not well described, and the microbiota that are naturally present in cultures of test organisms often compromise the interpretation of the results. The present study aimed to evaluate the putative probiotic effect of Bacillus sp. LT3 in a model system with gnotobiotic brine shrimp Artemia franciscana larvae. The strain significantly increased the survival of brine shrimp larvae challenged with Vibrio campbellii when administered 6h before the challenge. Under these conditions, LT3 was able to colonize the brine shrimp gastrointestinal tract and to decrease the in vivo pathogen activity as indicated by the bioluminescence of the V. campbellii associated with brine shrimp larvae. In order to investigate the effect of the Bacillus strain on the innate immune system of the brine shrimp larvae, prophenoloxidase and transglutaminase mRNA levels were monitored, while heat shock protein 70 mRNA levels were measured as an indicator of physiological stress. Interestingly, 12h after challenge, the prophenoloxidase mRNA level in the larvae pre-treated with LT3 and challenged with V. campbellii was approximately 8-fold higher than in the other treatments. Further, a decreased mRNA level of transglutaminase gene and heat shock protein 70 gene suggested that pretreatment with LT3 results in less stress and tissue damage in the brine shrimp larvae upon V. campbellii challenge. These results indicated that Bacillus sp. LT3 could improve the survival of brine shrimp larvae when challenged with pathogenic V. campbellii, both by decreasing the in vivo activity of the pathogen and by priming the innate immune response through activating the prophenoloxidase system.
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85
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Situmorang ML, Dierckens K, Mlingi FT, Van Delsen B, Bossier P. Development of a bacterial challenge test for gnotobiotic Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus larvae. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 109:23-33. [PMID: 24781794 DOI: 10.3354/dao02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal microbiota have an important impact on fish health and disease, stimulating interest in a better understanding of how these gastrointestinal microbial communities are composed and consequently affect host fitness. In this respect, probiotic microorganisms have been extensively used in recent aquaculture production. To study the use of probiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases, the establishment of a method of experimental infection to obtain consistent results for mortality and infection in challenge tests is important. In pathogen-screening tests, 4 candidate pathogenic bacteria strains (Edwardsiella ictaluri gly09, E. ictaluri gly10, E. tarda LMG2793 and Streptococcus agalactiae LMG15977) were individually tested on xenic Nile tilapia larvae. Only Edwardsiella strains delivered via Artemia nauplii, with or without additional pathogen delivery via the culture water, led to increased mortality in fish larvae. A gnotobiotic Nile tilapia larvae model system was developed to provide a research tool to investigate the effects and modes-of-action of probiotics under controlled conditions. A double disinfection procedure using hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite solution was applied to the fish eggs, which were subsequently incubated in a cocktail of antibiotic and antifungal agents. In the gnotobiotic challenge test, E. ictaluri gly09R was added to the model system via Artemia nauplii and culture water, resulting in a significant mortality of the gnotobiotic fish larvae. The developed gnotobiotic Nile tilapia model can be used as a tool to extend understanding of the mechanisms involved in host-microbe interactions and to evaluate new methods of disease control.
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Norouzitallab P, Baruah K, Vandegehuchte M, Van Stappen G, Catania F, Bussche JV, Vanhaecke L, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P. Environmental heat stress induces epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of robustness in parthenogenetic
Artemia
model. FASEB J 2014; 28:3552-63. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-252049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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87
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Li X, Defoirdt T, Yang Q, Laureau S, Bossier P, Dierckens K. Host-induced increase in larval sea bass mortality in a gnotobiotic challenge test with Vibrio anguillarum. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 108:211-216. [PMID: 24695234 DOI: 10.3354/dao02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio anguillarum is the major cause of haemorrhagic septicaemia, vibriosis, which is a severe disease affecting marine fish. In this work, it was found that the mortality of gnotobiotic sea bass larvae challenged with V. anguillarum was dependent on the number of dead fish in the vials at the moment of challenge. Based on this finding, the effect of dead hosts (homogenised sea bass larvae or brine shrimp) on the virulence of V. anguillarum towards sea bass larvae was further investigated. Addition of homogenised hosts led to significantly increased larval mortality of challenged larvae, and this was observed for 3 different V. anguillarum strains, i.e. 43, NB 10 and HI 610. In contrast, the addition of similar levels of tryptone had no effect on mortality. In line with this, the motility of all 3 V. anguillarum strains was significantly increased by the addition of homogenised hosts but not by tryptone. These results suggest that dead hosts increase infectivity of V. anguillarum, not merely by offering nutrients to the bacteria, but also by increasing virulence-associated activities such as motility.
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88
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Thai TQ, Wille M, Garcia-Gonzalez L, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P, De Schryver P. Poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate content and dose of the bacterial carrier for Artemia enrichment determine the performance of giant freshwater prawn larvae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5205-15. [PMID: 24615382 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) for aquaculture animals have been shown in several studies. The strategy of applying PHB contained in a bacterial carrier has, however, hardly been considered. The effect of administering PHB-accumulated Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 containing 10 or 80 % PHB on dry weight, named A10 and A80, respectively, through the live feed Artemia was investigated on the culture performance of larvae of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Feeding larvae with Artemia nauplii enriched in a medium containing 100 and 1,000 mg L(-1) A80 significantly increased the survival with about 15 % and the development of the larvae with a larval stage index of about 1 as compared to feeding non-enriched Artemia. The survival of the larvae also significantly increased with about 35 % in case of a challenge with Vibrio harveyi. The efficiency of these treatments was equal to a control treatment of Artemia enriched in an 800 mg L(-1) PHB powder suspension, while Artemia enriched in 10 mg L(-1) A80, 100 mg L(-1) A10, and 1,000 mg L(-1) A10 did not bring similar effects. From our results, it can be concluded that PHB supplemented in a bacterial carrier (i.e., amorphous PHB) can increase the larviculture efficiency of giant freshwater prawn similar to supplementation of PHB in powdered form (i.e., crystalline PHB). When the level of PHB in the bacterial carrier is high, similar beneficial effects can be achieved as crystalline PHB, but at a lower live food enrichment concentration expressed on PHB basis.
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89
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Christiaen SE, Matthijs N, Zhang XH, Nelis HJ, Bossier P, Coenye T. Bacteria that inhibit quorum sensing decrease biofilm formation and virulence inPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1. Pathog Dis 2014; 70:271-9. [DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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90
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Nikolakakis S, Bossier P, Kanlis G, Dierckens K, Adriaens D. Protocol for quantitative shape analysis of deformities in early larval European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 84:206-224. [PMID: 24383805 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study established an optimized protocol for quantifying the shape variation of newly hatched larvae of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax, focusing on the effect of fixatives and mounting on body shape from hatching until 14 days post hatching, while also minimizing the error introduced by handling. This assessment was performed based on both biometric and geometric shape data, with the latter relying on outline based elliptic Fourier analysis. The fixation and mounting effect on the total length and shape of newly hatched larvae of D. labrax was tested for four fixation treatments: (1) 8% formalin, (2) 70% ethanol, (3) 8% formalin for 48 h and then to 70% ethanol and (4) 3% phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde. The analyses showed that no significant size and shape effect was observed on anaesthetized specimens 5 months post-fixation in glutaraldehyde, and that the glycerol mounting process of specimens fixed in glutaraldehyde provided the best results for further ontogenetic qualitative and quantitative analysis. The protocol proved to be sufficiently sensitive to even quantify and visualize subtle pre-fixation shape differences originating from a different egg batch.
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91
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Pande GSJ, Natrah FMI, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P, Defoirdt T. The Vibrio campbellii quorum sensing signals have a different impact on virulence of the bacterium towards different crustacean hosts. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:540-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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92
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Dantas-Lima JJ, Corteel M, Cornelissen M, Bossier P, Sorgeloos P, Nauwynck HJ. Purification of white spot syndrome virus by iodixanol density gradient centrifugation. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2013; 36:841-851. [PMID: 23384051 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Up to now, only a few brief procedures for purifying white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) have been described. They were mainly based on sucrose, NaBr and CsCl density gradient centrifugation. This work describes for the first time the purification of WSSV through iodixanol density gradients, using virus isolated from infected tissues and haemolymph of Penaeus vannamei (Boone). The purification from tissues included a concentration step by centrifugation (2.5 h at 60,000 g) onto a 50% iodixanol cushion and a purification step by centrifugation (3 h at 80,000 g) through a discontinuous iodixanol gradient (phosphate-buffered saline, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). The purification from infected haemolymph enclosed a dialysis step with a membrane of 1,000 kDa (18 h) and a purification step through the earlier iodixanol gradient. The gradients were collected in fractions and analysed. The number of particles, infectivity titre (in vivo), total protein and viral protein content were evaluated. The purification from infected tissues gave WSSV suspensions with a very high infectivity and an acceptable purity, while virus purified from haemolymph had a high infectivity and a very high purity. Additionally, it was observed that WSSV has an unusually low buoyant density and that it is very sensitive to high external pressures.
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93
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Frans I, Dierckens K, Crauwels S, Van Assche A, Leisner J, Larsen MH, Michiels CW, Willems KA, Lievens B, Bossier P, Rediers H. Does virulence assessment of Vibrio anguillarum using sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae correspond with genotypic and phenotypic characterization? PLoS One 2013; 8:e70477. [PMID: 23936439 PMCID: PMC3735585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibriosis is one of the most ubiquitous fish diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio such as Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum. Despite a lot of research efforts, the virulence factors and mechanism of V. anguillarum are still insufficiently known, in part because of the lack of standardized virulence assays. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated and compared the virulence of 15 V. anguillarum strains obtained from different hosts or non-host niches using a standardized gnotobiotic bioassay with European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) larvae as model hosts. In addition, to assess potential relationships between virulence and genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, the strains were characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) analyses, as well as by phenotypic analyses using Biolog's Phenotype MicroArray™ technology and some virulence factor assays. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Virulence testing revealed ten virulent and five avirulent strains. While some relation could be established between serotype, genotype and phenotype, no relation was found between virulence and genotypic or phenotypic characteristics, illustrating the complexity of V. anguillarum virulence. Moreover, the standardized gnotobiotic system used in this study has proven its strength as a model to assess and compare the virulence of different V. anguillarum strains in vivo. In this way, the bioassay contributes to the study of mechanisms underlying virulence in V. anguillarum.
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Declercq AM, Haesebrouck F, Van den Broeck W, Bossier P, Decostere A. Columnaris disease in fish: a review with emphasis on bacterium-host interactions. Vet Res 2013; 44:27. [PMID: 23617544 PMCID: PMC3648355 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare (F. columnare) is the causative agent of columnaris disease. This bacterium affects both cultured and wild freshwater fish including many susceptible commercially important fish species. F. columnare infections may result in skin lesions, fin erosion and gill necrosis, with a high degree of mortality, leading to severe economic losses. Especially in the last decade, various research groups have performed studies aimed at elucidating the pathogenesis of columnaris disease, leading to significant progress in defining the complex interactions between the organism and its host. Despite these efforts, the pathogenesis of columnaris disease hitherto largely remains unclear, compromising the further development of efficient curative and preventive measures to combat this disease. Besides elaborating on the agent and the disease it causes, this review aims to summarize these pathogenesis data emphasizing the areas meriting further investigation.
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95
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Rekecki A, Ringø E, Olsen R, Myklebust R, Dierckens K, Bergh O, Laureau S, Cornelissen M, Ducatelle R, Decostere A, Bossier P, Van den Broeck W. Luminal uptake of Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum by shed enterocytes--a novel early defence strategy in larval fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2013; 36:419-426. [PMID: 23121135 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As adhesion and translocation through fish gut enterocytes of the pathogen Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum are not well investigated, the effective cause of disease and mortality outbreaks in larval sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, suffering from vibriosis is unknown. We detected V. anguillarum within the gut of experimentally infected gnotobiotic sea bass larvae using transmission electron microscopy and immunogold labelling. Intact bacteria were observed in close contact with the apical brush border in the gut lumen. Enterocytes contained lysosomes positive for protein A-gold particles suggesting intracellular elimination of bacterial fragments. Shed intestinal cells were regularly visualized in the gut lumen in late stages of exposure. Some of the luminal cells showed invagination and putative engulfment of bacterial structures by pseudopod-like formations. The engulfed structures were positive for protein A-colloidal gold indicating that these structures were V. anguillarum. Immunogold positive thread-like structures secreted by V. anguillarum suggested the presence of outer membrane vesicles (MVs) hypothesizing that MVs are potent transporters of active virulence factors to sea bass gut cells suggestive for a substantial role in biofilm formation and pathogenesis. We put forward the hypothesis that MVs are important in the pathogenesis of V. anguillarum in sea bass larvae.
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96
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De Vos S, Bossier P, Van Stappen G, Vercauteren I, Sorgeloos P, Vuylsteke M. A first AFLP-based genetic linkage map for brine shrimp Artemia franciscana and its application in mapping the sex locus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57585. [PMID: 23469207 PMCID: PMC3587612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the construction of sex-specific linkage maps, the identification of sex-linked markers and the genome size estimation for the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Overall, from the analysis of 433 AFLP markers segregating in a 112 full-sib family we identified 21 male and 22 female linkage groups (2n = 42), covering 1,041 and 1,313 cM respectively. Fifteen putatively homologous linkage groups, including the sex linkage groups, were identified between the female and male linkage map. Eight sex-linked AFLP marker alleles were inherited from the female parent, supporting the hypothesis of a WZ-ZZ sex-determining system. The haploid Artemia genome size was estimated to 0.93 Gb by flow cytometry. The produced Artemia linkage maps provide the basis for further fine mapping and exploring of the sex-determining region and are a possible marker resource for mapping genomic loci underlying phenotypic differences among Artemia species.
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97
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Baruah K, Norouzitallab P, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P. Inducer of heat shock protein 70: a new disease preventive option in aquaculture production systems. COMMUNICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2013; 78:25-26. [PMID: 25141611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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98
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Declercq AM, Boyen F, Van den Broeck W, Bossier P, Karsi A, Haesebrouck F, Decostere A. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Flavobacterium columnare isolates collected worldwide from 17 fish species. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2013; 36:45-55. [PMID: 22957716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease in diverse fish species worldwide. Although columnaris is an important disease, the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of F. columnare is not well studied. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of 97 F. columnare isolates collected worldwide between 1987 and 2011 from 17 fish species. The broth microdilution technique was utilized for reliable testing of these fastidious organisms. None of the isolates displayed acquired resistance to florfenicol, gentamicin, ormetoprim-sulfadimethoxine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Acquired resistance to chloramphenicol was detected in 1%, to nitrofuran in 5%, to oxytetracycline in 11% and to enrofloxacin, flumequine and oxolinic acid in 10%, 16% and 16% of the isolates, respectively, as reflected by a bimodal or trimodal distribution of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). One isolate showed acquired resistance towards several antimicrobial agents including erythromycin. Another isolate revealed acquired resistance towards - amongst others - ampicillin. The isolates displaying acquired resistance originated from ornamental fish species or Vietnamese catfish, except for two isolates coming from wild channel catfish in which acquired resistance was encountered towards oxytetracycline only. Fifty per cent of the resistant isolates from ornamental fish were shown to have acquired resistance against three classes of antimicrobial agents, assigning these isolates as multiple resistant. These data might indicate less prudent use of antimicrobials especially in ornamental fish species.
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99
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Pande GSJ, Bossier P, Defoirdt T. The impact of quorum sensing-disrupting compounds on survival and growth of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) larvae. COMMUNICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2013; 78:346-349. [PMID: 25141708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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100
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Niu Y, Van de Wiele T, Bossier P. The protective and intestinal microbiota steering effect of a novel heat shock inducer on brine shrimp larvae. COMMUNICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2013; 78:330-333. [PMID: 25141704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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