Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth, Development, and Flavonoid Synthesis in Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba is a highly valuable medicinal plant known for its rich secondary metabolites, including flavonoids. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) can be used as nanofertilizers and nano-growth regulators to promote plant growth and development. However, little is known about the effects of ZnO-NPs on flavonoids in G. biloba. In this study, G. biloba was treated with different concentrations of ZnO-NPs (25, 50, 100 mg/L), and it was found that 25 mg/L of ZnO-NPs enhanced G. biloba fresh weight, dry weight, zinc content, and flavonoids, while 50 and 100 mg/L had an inhibitory effect on plant growth. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR revealed that the increased total flavonoids and flavonols were mainly due to the promotion of the expression of flavonol structural genes such as GbF3H, GbF3'H, and GbFLS. Additionally, when the GbF3H gene was overexpressed in tobacco and G. biloba calli, an increase in total flavonoid content was observed. These findings indicate that 25 mg/L of ZnO-NPs play a crucial role in G. biloba growth and the accumulation of flavonoids, which can potentially promote the yield and quality of G. biloba in production.

[Application of single anterior teeth defect with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing polymethyl methacrylate single-retainer resin-bonded fixed dental prosthesis in children]

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) single-retainer resin-bonded fixed dental prosthesis (RBFDP) for single anterior teeth defect. Methods: A total of 14 children between 10-14 years old (male 8, female 6) who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University from March to December 2022 with single anterior teeth loss were enrolled in this study. The intraoral scanner was used to obtain their digital impressions, and then the data were imported into CAD software. The single-retainer RBFDP was designed by the CAD software and was manufactured by milling equipment using CAD/CAM PMMA disk. The prosthesis was then tried-in and bonded to the abutment teeth with resin cement and evaluated in a 12 month follow-up observation. The marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, color match, secondary caries, the occurrence of fractures and loose of abutment tooth were examined on the basis of the modified United States Public Health Services evaluation system. The evaluation was divided into three scores, in which score A indicated ideal restoration effect, score B means that the restoration effect was acceptable (evaluation of restoration integrity, loose of abutment teeth and secondary caries excluded), and score C indicates that the restoration effect is not good. Results: All the 14 CAD/CAM PMMA single-retainer RBFDP had good marginal adaptation and color match with no marginal discoloration, no secondary caries, no fracture of restorations and no abnormal loose of the abutment teeth. All of the six criteria achieved score A evaluation after a three month follow-up observation. One restoration was classified as score B for fracture after a six month follow-up observation, while two restoration were classified as score B for marginal discoloration after 12 month follow-up observation. Conclusions: The CAD/CAM PMMA single-retainer RBFDP was clinically effective in restoration of single anterior teeth defect in children.

Measurement of the top quark mass using a profile likelihood approach with the lepton + jets final states in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV

The mass of the top quark is measured in 36.3fb - 1 of LHC proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at s = 13 Te V . The measurement uses a sample of top quark pair candidate events containing one isolated electron or muon and at least four jets in the final state. For each event, the mass is reconstructed from a kinematic fit of the decay products to a top quark pair hypothesis. A profile likelihood method is applied using up to four observables per event to extract the top quark mass. The top quark mass is measured to be 171.77 ± 0.37 Ge V . This approach significantly improves the precision over previous measurements.

[Selection strategy of pedicled axial flaps for repairing high-voltage electric burn wounds in foot and ankle]

Objective: To explore the selection strategy of pedicled axial flaps for repairing high-voltage electric burn wounds in foot and ankle. Methods: The retrospective observational research method was used. From January 2017 to December 2022, 16 patients with skin and soft tissue defects in foot and ankle after high-voltage electric burns were treated in General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, including 11 cases of unilateral defect and 5 cases of bilateral defect. All patients were male, aged from 25 to 75 years. After thorough debridement, the area of the defect to be repaired with the flap was 5.0 cm×4.0 cm to 12.0 cm×8.0 cm. Before operation, the color Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography angiography, or digital subtraction angiography was used to fully evaluate the degree of vascular injury in the affected limb and to identify the distribution and traffic anastomosis of vascular network. Pedicled axial flaps with reliable blood supply were used to repair the wounds as soon as possible, and the area of flaps ranged from 3.0 cm×2.0 cm to 13.0 cm×8.0 cm. The wound in the donor area of flaps was repaired with split-thickness skin graft from head or medium-thickness skin graft from thigh. The flap repair of wounds in various areas of the ankle and foot was recorded. The postoperative survivals of the flaps and skin grafts were observed after surgery. The postoperative appearance of flaps and walking function of patients were followed up. At the last follow-up, the foot and ankle function was evaluated and rated using the American Association of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Ankle Posterior Foot Scoring System. Results: Two wounds in toe area were repaired with reverse dorsal pedis flaps, 3 wounds in medial ankle area and 2 wounds in heel area were repaired with medial plantar flaps, 2 wounds in anterior plantar area combined with toe area were repaired with reverse medial plantar flaps, 2 wounds in anterior plantar area combined with toe area and 5 wounds in anterior plantar area were repaired with reverse medial pedis flaps, 1 wound in toe area was combined with proper plantar digital artery flap, 1 dorsal pedis wound and 1 lateral malleolus wound were repaired with lateral supramalleolar perforator flaps, and 1 lateral malleolus wound and 1 dorsal pedis wound were repaired with sural neurovascular flap. One flap had venous reflux disorder after surgery and survived after treatment, while the other flaps and skin grafts survived completely after surgery. During the follow-up of 6 to 24 months after operation, the appearance of the flaps was good, and the walking function of patients was normal. At the last follow-up, the functional score of foot and ankle was 76 to 95, which was evaluated as excellent in 11 cases and good in 5 cases. Conclusions: According to the condition of high-voltage electric burn in foot and ankle, early and thorough debridement, preoperative imaging examination to evaluate blood vessels of the affected limb, and selection of pedicled axial flap with reliable blood supply are good methods for wound repair and related functional reconstruction of high-voltage electric burn in foot and ankle.

Novel hub genes and regulatory network related to ferroptosis in tetralogy of Fallot

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death mainly triggered by uncontrolled lipid peroxidation, and it could potentially have a significant impact on the development and progression of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Our project aims to identify and validate potential genes related to ferroptosis in TOF. We obtained sequencing data of TOF from the GEO database and ferroptosis-related genes from the ferroptosis database. We employed bioinformatics methods to analyze the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and microRNAs between the normal control group and TOF group and identify DEmRNAs related to ferroptosis. Protein-protein interaction analysis was conducted to screen hub genes. Furthermore, a miRNA-mRNA-TF co-regulatory network was constructed to utilize prediction software. The expression of hub genes was further validated through quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). After conducting the differential gene analysis, we observed that in TOF, 41 upregulated mRNAs and three downregulated mRNAs associated with ferroptosis genes were found. Further Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that these genes were primarily involved in molecular functions and biological processes related to chemical stress, oxidative stress, cellular response to starvation, response to nutrient levels, cellular response to external stimulus, and cellular response to extracellular stimulus. Furthermore, we constructed a miRNA-mRNA-TF co-regulatory network. qRT-PCR analysis of the right ventricular tissues from human cases showed an upregulation in the mRNA levels of KEAP1 and SQSTM1. Our bioinformatics analysis successfully identified 44 potential genes that are associated with ferroptosis in TOF. This finding significantly contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of TOF. Moreover, these findings have the potential to open new avenues for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this condition.

A US-based national surveillance study for the susceptibility and epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile isolates with special reference to ridinilazole: 2020-2021

We have previously reported on the susceptibility and epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile isolates from six geographically dispersed medical centers in the United States. This current survey was conducted with isolates collected in 2020-2021 from six geographically dispersed medical centers in the United States, with specific attention to susceptibility to ridinilazole as well as nine comparators. C. difficile isolates or stools from patients with C. difficile antibiotic-associated diarrhea were collected and referred to a central laboratory. After species confirmation of 300 isolates at the central laboratory, antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by the agar dilution method [M11-A9, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)] against the 10 agents. Ribotyping was performed by PCR capillary gel electrophoresis on all isolates. Ridinilazole had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 90 of 0.25 mcg/mL, and no isolate had an MIC greater than 0.5 mcg/mL. In comparison, fidaxomicin had an MIC 90 of 0.5 mcg/mL. The vancomycin MIC 90 was 2 mcg/mL with a 0.7% resistance rate [both CLSI and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria]. The metronidazole MIC 90 was 1 mcg/mL, with none resistant by CLSI criteria, and a 0.3% resistance rate by EUCAST criteria. Among the 50 different ribotypes isolated in the survey, the most common ribotype was 014-020 (14.0%) followed by 106 (10.3%), 027 (10%), 002 (8%), and 078-126 (4.3%). Ridinilazole maintained activity against all ribotypes and all strains resistant to any other agent tested. Ridinilazole showed excellent in vitro activity against C. difficile isolates collected between 2020 and 2021 in the United States, independent of ribotype.

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Caballero I, González Fernández JR, Palencia Cortezon E, Ramón Álvarez C, Rodríguez Bouza V, Soto Rodríguez A, Trapote A, Vico Villalba C, Brochero Cifuentes JA, Cabrillo IJ, Calderon A, Duarte Campderros J, Fernandez M, Fernandez Madrazo C, García Alonso A, Gomez G, Lasaosa García C, Martinez Rivero C, Martinez Ruiz del Arbol P, Matorras F, Matorras Cuevas P, Piedra Gomez J, Prieels C, Scodellaro L, Vila I, Vizan Garcia JM, Jayananda MK, Kailasapathy B, Sonnadara DUJ, Wickramarathna DDC, Dharmaratna WGD, Liyanage K, Perera N, Wickramage N, Abbaneo D, Auffray E, Auzinger G, Baechler J, Baillon P, Barney D, Bendavid J, Bermúdez Martínez A, Bianco M, Bilin B, Bin Anuar AA, Bocci A, Brondolin E, Caillol C, Camporesi T, Cerminara G, Chernyavskaya N, Chhibra SS, Choudhury S, Cipriani M, d’Enterria D, Dabrowski A, David A, De Roeck A, Defranchis MM, Deile M, Dobson M, Dünser M, Dupont N, Fallavollita F, Florent A, Forthomme L, Franzoni G, Funk W, Ghosh S, Giani S, Gigi D, Gill K, Glege F, 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Nessi-Tedaldi F, Niedziela J, Pauss F, Perovic V, Pigazzini S, Ratti MG, Reichmann M, Reissel C, Reitenspiess T, Ristic B, Riti F, Ruini D, Sanz Becerra DA, Seidita R, Steggemann J, Valsecchi D, Wallny R, Amsler C, Bärtschi P, Botta C, Brzhechko D, Canelli MF, Cormier K, De Wit A, Del Burgo R, Heikkilä JK, Huwiler M, Jin W, Jofrehei A, Kilminster B, Leontsinis S, Liechti SP, Macchiolo A, Meiring P, Mikuni VM, Molinatti U, Neutelings I, Reimers A, Robmann P, Cruz SS, Schweiger K, Senger M, Takahashi Y, Adloff C, Kuo CM, Lin W, Rout PK, Tiwari PC, Yu SS, Ceard L, Chao Y, Chen KF, Chen PS, Cheng H, Hou WS, Khurana R, Kole G, Li YY, Lu RS, Paganis E, Psallidas A, Steen A, Wu HY, Yazgan E, Asawatangtrakuldee C, Srimanobhas N, Wachirapusitanand V, Agyel D, Boran F, Demiroglu ZS, Dolek F, Dumanoglu I, Eskut E, Guler Y, Gurpinar Guler E, Isik C, Kara O, Kayis Topaksu A, Kiminsu U, Onengut G, Ozdemir K, Polatoz A, Simsek AE, Tali B, Tok UG, Turkcapar S, Uslan E, Zorbakir IS, Karapinar G, Ocalan K, Yalvac M, Akgun B, Atakisi IO, Gülmez E, Kaya M, Kaya O, Tekten S, Cakir A, Cankocak K, Komurcu Y, Sen S, Aydilek O, Cerci S, Hacisahinoglu B, Hos I, Isildak B, Kaynak B, Ozkorucuklu S, Simsek C, Sunar Cerci D, Grynyov B, Levchuk L, Anthony D, Brooke JJ, Bundock A, Clement E, Cussans D, Flacher H, Glowacki M, Goldstein J, Heath HF, Kreczko L, Krikler B, Paramesvaran S, Seif El Nasr-Storey S, Smith VJ, Stylianou N, Pass KW, White R, Ball AH, Bell KW, Belyaev A, Brew C, Brown RM, Cockerill DJA, Cooke C, Ellis KV, Harder K, Harper S, Holmberg ML, Jain S, Linacre J, Manolopoulos K, Newbold DM, Olaiya E, Petyt D, Reis T, Salvi G, Schuh T, Shepherd-Themistocleous CH, Tomalin IR, Williams T, Bainbridge R, Bloch P, Bonomally S, Borg J, Brown CE, Buchmuller O, Cacchio V, Montoya CAC, Cepaitis V, Chahal GS, Colling D, Dancu JS, Dauncey P, Davies G, Davies J, Della Negra M, Fayer S, Fedi G, Hall G, Hassanshahi MH, Howard A, Iles G, Langford J, Lyons L, Magnan AM, Malik S, Martelli A, Mieskolainen M, Monk DG, Nash J, Pesaresi M, Radburn-Smith BC, Raymond DM, Richards A, Rose A, Scott E, Seez C, Shukla R, Tapper A, Uchida K, Uttley GP, Vage LH, Virdee T, Vojinovic M, Wardle N, Webb SN, Winterbottom D, Coldham K, Cole JE, Khan A, Kyberd P, Reid ID, Abdullin S, Brinkerhoff A, Caraway B, Dittmann J, Hatakeyama K, Kanuganti AR, McMaster B, Saunders M, Sawant S, Sutantawibul C, Toms M, Wilson J, Bartek R, Dominguez A, Escamilla CH, Uniyal R, Vargas Hernandez AM, Chudasama R, Cooper SI, Croce DD, Gleyzer SV, Perez CU, Rumerio P, Usai E, West C, Akpinar A, Albert A, Arcaro D, Cosby C, Demiragli Z, Erice C, Fontanesi E, Gastler D, May S, Rohlf J, Salyer K, Sperka D, Spitzbart D, Suarez I, Tsatsos A, Yuan S, Benelli G, Coubez X, Cutts D, Hadley M, Heintz U, Hogan JM, Kwon T, Landsberg G, Lau KT, Li D, Luo J, Narain M, Pervan N, Sagir S, Simpson F, Wong WY, Yan X, Yu D, Zhang W, Abbott S, Bonilla J, Brainerd C, Breedon R, Calderon De La Barca Sanchez M, Chertok M, Conway J, Cox PT, Erbacher R, Haza G, Jensen F, Kukral O, Mocellin G, Mulhearn M, Pellett D, Regnery B, Yao Y, Zhang F, Bachtis M, Cousins R, Datta A, Hauser J, Ignatenko M, Iqbal M, Lam T, Manca E, Nash WA, Saltzberg D, Stone B, Valuev V, Clare R, Gary JW, Gordon M, Hanson G, Long OR, Manganelli N, Si W, Wimpenny S, Branson JG, Cittolin S, Cooperstein S, Diaz D, Duarte J, Gerosa R, Giannini L, Guiang J, Kansal R, Krutelyov V, Lee R, Letts J, Masciovecchio M, Mokhtar F, Pieri M, Quinnan M, Sathia Narayanan BV, Sharma V, Tadel M, Vourliotis E, Würthwein F, Xiang Y, Yagil A, Campagnari C, Citron M, Collura G, Dorsett A, Incandela J, Kilpatrick M, Kim J, Li AJ, Masterson P, Mei H, Oshiro M, Richman J, Sarica U, Schmitz R, Setti F, Sheplock J, Siddireddy P, Stuart D, Wang S, Bornheim A, Cerri O, Dutta I, Latorre A, Lawhorn JM, Mao J, Newman HB, Nguyen TQ, Spiropulu M, Vlimant JR, Wang C, Xie S, Zhu RY, Alison J, An S, Andrews MB, Bryant P, Dutta V, Ferguson T, Harilal A, Liu C, Mudholkar T, Murthy S, Paulini M, Roberts A, Sanchez A, Terrill W, Cumalat JP, Ford WT, Hassani A, Karathanasis G, MacDonald E, Marini F, Perloff A, Savard C, Schonbeck N, Stenson K, Ulmer KA, Wagner SR, Zipper N, Alexander J, Bright-Thonney S, Chen X, Cranshaw DJ, Fan J, Fan X, Gadkari D, Hogan S, Monroy J, Patterson JR, Reichert J, Reid M, Ryd A, Thom J, Wittich P, Zou R, Albrow M, Alyari M, Apollinari G, Apresyan A, Bauerdick LAT, Berry D, Berryhill J, Bhat PC, Burkett K, Butler JN, Canepa A, Cerati GB, Cheung HWK, Chlebana F, Di Petrillo KF, Dickinson J, Elvira VD, Feng Y, Freeman J, Gandrakota A, Gecse Z, Gray L, Green D, Grünendahl S, Guerrero D, Gutsche O, Harris RM, Heller R, Herwig TC, Hirschauer J, Horyn L, Jayatilaka B, Jindariani S, Johnson M, Joshi U, Klijnsma T, Klima B, Kwok KHM, Lammel S, Lincoln D, Lipton R, Liu T, Madrid C, Maeshima K, Mantilla C, Mason D, McBride P, Merkel P, Mrenna S, Nahn S, Ngadiuba J, Noonan D, Norberg S, Papadimitriou V, Pastika N, Pedro K, Pena C, Ravera F, Hall AR, Ristori L, Sexton-Kennedy E, Smith N, Soha A, Spiegel L, Strait J, Taylor L, Tkaczyk S, Tran NV, Uplegger L, Vaandering EW, Zoi I, Avery P, Bourilkov D, Cadamuro L, Chang P, Cherepanov V, Field RD, Koenig E, Kolosova M, Konigsberg J, Korytov A, Kuznetsova E, Lo KH, Matchev K, Menendez N, Mitselmakher G, Muthirakalayil Madhu A, Rawal N, Rosenzweig D, Rosenzweig S, Shi K, Wang J, Wu Z, Adams T, Askew A, Bower N, Habibullah R, Hagopian V, Kolberg T, Martinez G, Prosper H, Viazlo O, Wulansatiti M, Yohay R, Zhang J, Baarmand MM, Butalla S, Elkafrawy T, Hohlmann M, Kumar Verma R, Rahmani M, Yumiceva F, Adams MR, Cavanaugh R, Dittmer S, Evdokimov O, Gerber CE, Hofman DJ, Lemos DS, Merrit AH, Mills C, Oh G, Roy T, Rudrabhatla S, Tonjes MB, Varelas N, Wang X, Ye Z, Yoo J, Alhusseini M, Dilsiz K, Emediato L, Karaman G, Köseyan OK, Merlo JP, Mestvirishvili A, Nachtman J, Neogi O, Ogul H, Onel Y, Penzo A, Snyder C, Tiras E, Amram O, Blumenfeld B, Corcodilos L, Davis J, Gritsan AV, Kyriacou S, Maksimovic P, Roskes J, Sekhar S, Swartz M, Vámi T, Abreu A, Alcerro Alcerro LF, Anguiano J, Baringer P, Bean A, Flowers Z, King J, Krintiras G, Lazarovits M, Le Mahieu C, Lindsey C, Marquez J, Minafra N, Murray M, Nickel M, Rogan C, Royon C, Salvatico R, Sanders S, Smith C, Wang Q, Wilson G, Allmond B, Duric S, Ivanov A, Kaadze K, Kalogeropoulos A, Kim D, Maravin Y, Mitchell T, Modak A, Nam K, Roy D, Rebassoo F, Wright D, Adams E, Baden A, Baron O, Belloni A, Bethani A, Eno SC, Hadley NJ, Jabeen S, Kellogg RG, Koeth T, Lai Y, Lascio S, Mignerey AC, Nabili S, Palmer C, Papageorgakis C, Wang L, Wong K, Busza W, Cali IA, Chen Y, D’Alfonso M, Eysermans J, Freer C, Gomez-Ceballos G, Goncharov M, Harris P, Kovalskyi D, Krupa J, Lee YJ, Long K, Mironov C, Paus C, Rankin D, Roland C, Roland G, Shi Z, Stephans GSF, Wang J, Wang Z, Wyslouch B, Yang TJ, Chatterjee RM, Crossman B, Hiltbrand J, Joshi BM, Kapsiak C, Krohn M, Kubota Y, Mahon D, Mans J, Revering M, Rusack R, Saradhy R, Schroeder N, Strobbe N, Wadud MA, Cremaldi LM, Bloom K, Bryson M, Claes DR, Fangmeier C, Finco L, Golf F, Joo C, Kamalieddin R, Kravchenko I, Reed I, Siado JE, Snow GR, Tabb W, Wightman A, Yan F, Zecchinelli AG, Agarwal G, Bandyopadhyay H, Hay L, Iashvili I, Kharchilava A, McLean C, Morris M, Nguyen D, Pekkanen J, Rappoccio S, Williams A, Alverson G, Barberis E, Haddad Y, Han Y, Krishna A, Li J, Lidrych J, Madigan G, Marzocchi B, Morse DM, Nguyen V, Orimoto T, Parker A, Skinnari L, Tishelman-Charny A, Wamorkar T, Wang B, Wisecarver A, Wood D, Bhattacharya S, Bueghly J, Chen Z, Gilbert A, Hahn KA, Liu Y, Odell N, Schmitt MH, Velasco M, Band R, Bucci R, Cremonesi M, Das A, Goldouzian R, Hildreth M, Hurtado Anampa K, Jessop C, Lannon K, Lawrence J, Loukas N, Lutton L, Mariano J, Marinelli N, Mcalister I, McCauley T, Mcgrady C, Mohrman K, Moore C, Musienko Y, Ruchti R, Townsend A, Wayne M, Yockey H, Zarucki M, Zygala L, Bylsma B, Carrigan M, Durkin LS, Hill C, Joyce M, Lesauvage A, Nunez Ornelas M, Wei K, Winer BL, Yates BR, Addesa FM, Das P, Dezoort G, Elmer P, Frankenthal A, Greenberg B, Haubrich N, Higginbotham S, Kopp G, Kwan S, Lange D, Loeliger A, Marlow D, Ojalvo I, Olsen J, Stickland D, Tully C, Malik S, Bakshi AS, Barnes VE, Chawla R, Das S, Gutay L, Jones M, Jung AW, Kondratyev D, Koshy AM, Liu M, Negro G, Neumeister N, Paspalaki G, Piperov S, Purohit A, Schulte JF, Stojanovic M, Thieman J, Virdi AK, Wang F, Xiao R, Xie W, Dolen J, Parashar N, Acosta D, Baty A, Carnahan T, Dildick S, Ecklund KM, Fernández Manteca PJ, Freed S, Gardner P, Geurts FJM, Kumar A, Li W, Padley BP, Redjimi R, Rotter J, Yang S, Yigitbasi E, Zhang Y, Bodek A, de Barbaro P, Demina R, Dulemba JL, Fallon C, Garcia-Bellido A, Hindrichs O, Khukhunaishvili A, Parygin P, Popova E, Taus R, Van Onsem GP, Goulianos K, Chiarito B, Chou JP, Gershtein Y, Halkiadakis E, Hart A, Heindl M, Jaroslawski D, Karacheban O, Laflotte I, Lath A, Montalvo R, Nash K, Osherson M, Routray H, Salur S, Schnetzer S, Somalwar S, Stone R, Thayil SA, Thomas S, Wang H, Acharya H, Delannoy AG, Fiorendi S, Holmes T, Nibigira E, Spanier S, Bouhali O, Dalchenko M, Delgado A, Eusebi R, Gilmore J, Huang T, Kamon T, Kim H, Luo S, Malhotra S, Mueller R, Overton D, Rathjens D, Safonov A, Akchurin N, Damgov J, Hegde V, Lamichhane K, Lee SW, Mengke T, Muthumuni S, Peltola T, Volobouev I, Whitbeck A, Appelt E, Greene S, Gurrola A, Johns W, Melo A, Romeo F, Sheldon P, Tuo S, Velkovska J, Viinikainen J, Cardwell B, Cox B, Cummings G, Hakala J, Hirosky R, Ledovskoy A, Li A, Neu C, Perez Lara CE, Karchin PE, Aravind A, Banerjee S, Black K, Bose T, Dasu S, De Bruyn I, Everaerts P, Galloni C, He H, Herndon M, Herve A, Koraka CK, Lanaro A, Loveless R, Madhusudanan Sreekala J, Mallampalli A, Mohammadi A, Mondal S, Parida G, Pinna D, Savin A, Shang V, Sharma V, Smith WH, Teague D, Tsoi HF, Vetens W, Warden A, Afanasiev S, Andreev V, Andreev Y, Aushev T, Azarkin M, Babaev A, Belyaev A, Blinov V, Boos E, Borshch V, Budkouski D, Bunichev V, Chadeeva M, Chekhovsky V, Danilov M, Dermenev A, Dimova T, Dremin I, Dubinin M, Dudko L, Epshteyn V, Ershov A, Gavrilov G, Gavrilov V, Gninenko S, Golovtcov V, Golubev N, Golutvin I, Gorbunov I, Ivanov Y, Kachanov V, Kardapoltsev L, Karjavine V, Karneyeu A, Kim V, Kirakosyan M, Kirpichnikov D, Kirsanov M, Klyukhin V, Kodolova O, Konstantinov D, Korenkov V, Kozyrev A, Krasnikov N, Lanev A, Levchenko P, Litomin A, Lychkovskaya N, Makarenko V, Malakhov A, Matveev V, Murzin V, Nikitenko A, Obraztsov S, Oskin A, Ovtin I, Palichik V, Perelygin V, Perfilov M, Petrushanko S, Popov V, Radchenko O, Rusinov V, Savina M, Savrin V, Shalaev V, Shmatov S, Shulha S, Skovpen Y, Slabospitskii S, Smirnov V, Sosnov D, Sulimov V, Tcherniaev E, Terkulov A, Teryaev O, Tlisova I, Toropin A, Uvarov L, Uzunian A, Vorobyev A, Voytishin N, Yuldashev BS, Zarubin A, Zhizhin I, Zhokin A. A search for decays of the Higgs boson to invisible particles in events with a top-antitop quark pair or a vector boson in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV

A search for decays to invisible particles of Higgs bosons produced in association with a top-antitop quark pair or a vector boson, which both decay to a fully hadronic final state, has been performed using proton-proton collision data collected at s = 13 Te V by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138fb - 1 . The 95% confidence level upper limit set on the branching fraction of the 125Ge V Higgs boson to invisible particles, B ( H → inv ) , is 0.54 (0.39 expected), assuming standard model production cross sections. The results of this analysis are combined with previous B ( H → inv ) searches carried out at s = 7 , 8, and 13Te V in complementary production modes. The combined upper limit at 95% confidence level on B ( H → inv ) is 0.15 (0.08 expected).

Observation of τ Lepton Pair Production in Ultraperipheral Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV

We present an observation of photon-photon production of τ lepton pairs in ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions. The measurement is based on a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 404  μb^{-1} collected by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV. The γγ→τ^{+}τ^{-} process is observed for τ^{+}τ^{-} events with a muon and three charged hadrons in the final state. The measured fiducial cross section is σ(γγ→τ^{+}τ^{-})=4.8±0.6(stat)±0.5(syst)  μb, where the second (third) term corresponds to the statistical (systematic) uncertainty in σ(γγ→τ^{+}τ^{-}) in agreement with leading-order QED predictions. Using σ(γγ→τ^{+}τ^{-}), we estimate a model-dependent value of the anomalous magnetic moment of the τ lepton of a_{τ}=0.001_{-0.089}^{+0.055}.

[A case of left pulmonary artery sling combined with congenital tracheal stenosis in an adult]

Pulmonary artery sling in adults is a rare congenital vascular malformation usually accompanied by tracheal and bronchial stenosis. Due to its high mortality risk and relatively poor prognosis, it has rarely been reported in adults. We reported a middle-aged patient who presented with shortness of breath, predominantly after activity, since childhood. He was diagnosed with "tracheal stenosis" in another hospital and received symptomatic treatment. The diagnosis of left pulmonary artery sling with congenital tracheal stenosis was confirmed by multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT), airway examination with flexible bronchoscope and 3D image post-processing system. Data from this case and the related literatures have been summarized and analyzed. This will help clinicians to improve their level of diagnosis and treatment.

[The implementation and management of disease risk reduction claims in the European Union and the United States]

The improvement of food labeling can improve consumers' health awareness, reduce the burden of chronic diseases on the health and economy, and promote the development of the healthy food industry. Disease Risk Reduction Claim has been developed in European Union and the U.S. for over 20 years, with mature management methods and experience, but it is still lacking in China. Learning and drawing on the international management experience of food disease risk reduction claims can assist China to establish food disease risk reduction claims and improve the food health claims and labeling system.

Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Derived Maximum Tumor Thickness and Tumor Shrinkage Rate as Independent Prognostic Factors in Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) is increasingly used in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC). Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-derived maximum tumor thickness (MTT) before and after standard NCRT for LA-ESCC indicates treatment response. However, the accuracy of predicting long-term survival remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between EUS-derived MTT pre- and post-NCRT and tumor shrinkage rate as well as long-term survival in patients with LA-ESCC receiving NCRT.

MATERIALS/METHODS

We retrospectively enrolled patients with LA-ESCC who underwent EUS examination pre- and post-NCRT from 2017 to 2021. MTT was measured using EUS. Tumor shrinkage rate was the ratio of the difference between pre- and post-MTT to pre-MTT. The most fitted cut-off value defining the EUS response was determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves were used to calculate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Data from another center were also used for external validation testing.

RESULTS

The median follow-up period was 30.6 months.230 patients with LA-ESCC who underwent EUS pre- or post-NCRT were enrolled. Of the patients, 178 completed the first EUS pre-NCRT and obtained pre-MTT, 200 completed the re-examined EUS post-NCRT and obtained post-MTT, and 148 completed both EUS and achieved tumor shrinkage. In the whole group the 1-year and 3-year OS rates were 93.9% and 67.9%, and PFS rates were 77.7% and 54.1%, respectively. Thinner post-MTT (≤8.8 mm) and EUS-responders (tumor shrinkage rate≥52%) were independently associated with better OS. The result of EUS-respond was an independent prognostic factor could be confirmed in the external validation group. Among LA-ESCC patients with initial ultrasonic T2-3 staging and T4 staging, no statistically differences were observed between the responder and non-responder groups (P = 0.082; P = 0.190).

CONCLUSION

EUS-derived MTT and tumor shrinkage post-NCRT are independent prognostic factors for long-term survival and may be an alternative method for evaluating tumor response in patients with LA-ESCC after NCRT. Initial tumor infiltration beyond esophageal adventitial layer on ultrasound effect could not, however, predict the long-term prognosis.

Comparison of Pathologic Response and Survival Outcomes between Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy (nICT) and Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in Patients with Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

The neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) is a novel treatment, which is likely to be safer for locally advanced, surgically resectable Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) that comparing with the traditional neoadjuvant therapy. However, the efficacy of nICT was controversial and the survival benefit remain unknown.

MATERIALS/METHODS

This study included 313 patients with locally advanced ESCC who underwent surgery following neoadjuvant therapy at Sichuan Cancer Hospital from June 2017 and September 2021. The patients were divided into nICT group and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) group according to the neoadjuvant strategy. A 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance potential bias across several covariates between two groups with a caliper 0.05.

RESULTS

Among the 146 patients after PSM, the baseline factors were comparable between two groups. Compared with the nCRT group, the nICT group shown a lower pathologic complete response(pCR) rate (11.54% vs 35.11%; P = 0.0039) and lymph nodes uninvolved rate (ypN0: 44.23% vs 62.77%; P = 0.0154), but a higher perineural invasion (32.69% vs 12.77%; P = 0.0075) and angioinvasion rate (40.38% vs 10.64%; P = 0.0001). However, the 2-year OS and DFS rates were similar between the nICT group and the nCRT group in overall study cohort, and these data were confirmed in the matched samples (2-year OS, 78.2% vs 77.2% [p = 0.95]; DFS, 56.9% vs 58.0% [p = 0.69]).

CONCLUSION

Our preliminary findings indicate that, for individuals with locally advanced ESCC, nICT followed by surgery appears to be less effective in pathologic outcomes, while having a comparable survival rate to nRCT. These results imply a complicated and possibly multifaceted link between the kind of neoadjuvant therapy, the pathologic outcomes, and the final survival.

High Dose Hyperfractionated Thoracic Radiotherapy vs. Standard Dose for Limited Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Open-Label Randomized, Phase 3 Trial

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Limited stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) is associated with poor prognosis. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose, hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy of 54 Gy in 30 fractions compared with standard dose (45 Gy in 30 fractions) as a first-line treatment for LS-SCLC.

MATERIALS/METHODS

The study was an open-label, randomized, phase 3 trial, done at 16 public hospitals in China. Key inclusion criteria were patients aged 18-70 years, with previously histologically or cytologically confirmed LS-SCLC, previously untreated or received 1-2 courses of intravenous cisplatin (75 mg/m²of body-surface area, on day 1 or divided into two days of each cycle) or carboplatin (area under the curve of 5 mg/mL per min, day 1 of each cycle)and intravenous etoposide (100 mg/m²of body-surface area, on days 1-3 of each cycle), and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1.Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) of 45 Gy in 30 fractions or the simultaneous integrated boost VMAT (SIB-VMAT) of 54 Gy in 30 fractions to the primary lung tumor and lymph node metastases starting 0-42 days after the first chemotherapy course. Both groups of patients received thoracic radiotherapy twice per day and 10 fractions per week. Prophylactic cranial radiation (PCI, 25 Gy in 10 fractions) was implemented to patients with responsive disease. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Safety was analyzed in the as-treated population.

RESULTS

Between June 30, 2017, and April 6, 2021, 224 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to 54 Gy (n = 108) or 45 Gy (n = 116). Median follow-up for the primary analysis was 45 months (IQR 41-48). Median overall survival was significantly improved in the 54 Gy group (62.4 months) compared with the 45 Gy group (43.1 months; p = 0.001). Median progression-free survival was significantly improved in the 54 Gy group (30.5 months) compared with the 45 Gy group (16.7 months; p = 0.044). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were neutropenia (30 [28%] of 108 patients in the 54 Gy group vs 27 [23%] of 116 patients in the 45 Gy group), neutropenic infections (6 [6%] vs 2 [2%]), thrombocytopenia (13 [12%] vs 12 [10%]), anemia (6 [6%] vs 4 [3%]), and esophagitis (1 [1%] vs 3 [3%]). Treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in 9 [8%] patients in the 54 Gy group and 16 [14%] patients in the 45 Gy group. There were one treatment-related deaths in 54 Gy group (myocardial infarction).

CONCLUSION

Compared with standard thoracic radiotherapy dose of 45 Gy, the high dose of 54 Gy improved overall survival and progression-free survival without increasing toxicities in patients with LS-SCLC, supporting twice-daily hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy of 54 Gy with concurrent chemotherapy is an alternative treatment option for LS-SCLC. This study is complete and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03214003.

Radical Chemoradiotherapy vs. Radical Surgery plus Adjuvant Chemotherapy or Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in China

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

The purpose was to compare the treatment outcomes of radical chemoradiotherapy versus radical surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (LA-PSCCE). The hypothesis was that radical chemoradiotherapy had better overall survival (OS) than radical surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

MATERIALS/METHODS

This large-scale multicenter retrospective study in China enrolled patients with newly diagnosed LA-PSCCE (T3-4N0M0 or TanyN+M0, AJCC 8th edition) from 2008 to 2021. According to different curative treatment approaches, patients were divided into two groups: radical chemoradiotherapy (group: CRT), and radical surgery following adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (group: S + CT/CRT). The propensity score match (PSM) was applied to reduce the effect of confounding biases in clinicopathological characteristics (age, gender, KPS, tumor location, tumor length, and cTNM stage). Univariate Cox-regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curve were calculated for OS. Statistical results were summarized as hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and P value. A two-sided P < 0.05 was regarded to be statistically significant.

RESULTS

A total of 291 patients with a median follow-up of 4.3 years were retrospectively enrolled. After PSM analysis, 94 and 94 patients were eventually included in group CRT and S + CT/CRT, respectively. Group CRT demonstrated a significantly superior survival than group S + CT/CRT (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43-0.91; P = 0.01), with a 3-year OS of 49.5% and 27.8% (P = 0.02), respectively. In secondary analysis, patients treated with radical chemoradiotherapy consistently showed significant survival benefit than those with radical surgery plus adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (HR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.21-0.79; P = 0.008).

CONCLUSION

For patients with newly diagnosed LA-PSCCE, radical chemoradiotherapy should be a preferred recommendation in real-world clinical practice.

The Predictive Value of Circulating Exosomal PD-L1 in Cervical Cancer Immunotherapy

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was wildly used as a predictor of immune Check-Point Inhibitors (ICIs) efficiency. However, emerging results showed that PD-L1 was of great heterogeneity in sampling time and site. Recently, some studies found that exosomal PD-L1(ExoPD-L1) was related to ICIs response. In this study, we aimed to explore the predictive value of ExoPD-L1 in ICIs treatment of cervical cancer (CC) for the first time.

MATERIALS/METHODS

A total of 40 primarily diagnosed CC patients who accepted radical radiotherapy (RT) from March 2021 to October 2022 were included. The consecutive tumor sample were collected before and during RT. Another 37 advanced CC patients who accepted ICIs combination therapy from June 2020 to October 2022 were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected from each participant before and during treatment. Exosomes were derived by differential centrifugation, which was further identified by Western blot (WB) (CD9/TSG101/Calnexin), transmission electron microscope analysis and nanoparticle tracking analysis. ExoPD-L1 detection was conducted by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). The knockout of PD-L1 was conducted via CRISPR/Cas9 assay and the overexpress of PD-L1 was conducted by lentiviral transfection. CD8+ T cells were extracted from murine spleen by CD8+ T Cell Isolation Kit. Immune cells and cytokines markers were detected by multicolor flow cytometry.

RESULTS

The consecutive detection of PD-L1 showed a dynamic change during RT. Compared with the level before RT, PD-L1 expression elevated in most patients (87.5%, 35/40) after RT. And the responders (n = 18) had elevated ExoPD-L1 level at the first two circles in the ICIs combination therapy (P<0.001). Whereas the level of pre-treatment ExoPD-L1 couldn't stratified clinical responders and non-responders (P = 0.181). The median follow-up time was 14.13 months. The mPFS in increased group vs. decreased group: not reach vs.11.02 months (P = 0.025, HR: 0.218, 0.052-0.913). Continuous blood sampling of mice models also found that effective therapeutic intervention could increase ExoPD-L1 in the early stage. The combination of exosome inhibitor GW4869 and anti-PD-1 further inhibited tumor growth. Mice were injected with external ExoPD-L1OE and ExoPD-L1KO. The results showed that ExoPD-L1OE suppressed body immunity and promoted tumor growth. The results of flow cytometry showed that ExoPD-L1OE inhibited CD8+ T cells from releasing interferon-and granzyme B. And ExoPD-L1OE also suppressed the CD8+ T cells proliferation in murine spleen. The coculture of CD8+ T cells and exosomes in vitro also confirmed the above conclusion.

CONCLUSION

Compared with unstable and impressionable tumoral PD-L1, ExoPD-L1 seems to be better predictor for the efficacy of immunotherapy in CC, which was with easy accessibility and continuation. Exosome PD-L1 played an immunosuppressive role by inhibiting the proliferation and functional factor release of CD8+ T cell.

A Machine Learning Method to Predict Pathological Complete Response of Esophageal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy with Clinicohematological Markers and MR Radiomics: A Multi-Center Study

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Nearly 30% of patients with local advanced esophageal cancer achieved pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), who may benefit from organ-preservation strategy under accurate prediction of pCR. We aimed to develop and validate machine learning models based on clinicohematological markers and MR radiomics to accurately predict pCR of esophageal cancer after nCRT.

MATERIALS/METHODS

In this multi-center study, eligible patients with esophageal cancer who received baseline MR scan (T2-weighted image) and nCRT plus surgery were enrolled between September 2014 and September 2022 at institution 1 (training set) and between December 2017 and August 2021 at institution 2 (testing set). Pre-nCRT and post-nCRT blood test results were collected to calculate hematological markers. Models were constructed by machine learning based on clinicohematological markers and MR radiomics to predict pCR. Area under the curve (AUC) and cut-off analysis were used to evaluate model performances.

RESULTS

Totally 154 patients (81 in the training set and 73 in the testing set) were enrolled. The combined model integrating pre-nCRT monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and 6 radiomics features achieved AUC of 0.800 (95% CI 0.671-0.918) in the testing set, with sensitivity of 79.2% (95% CI 62.5%-95.8%), specificity of 83.7% (95% CI 73.5%-93.9%), positive predictive value of 76.0% (95% CI 62.5%-90.0%), and negative predictive value of 89.6% (95% CI 82.0%-95.8%).

CONCLUSION

A machine learning model based on clinicohematological markers and MR radiomics to predict pCR after nCRT for patients with esophageal cancer was developed and validated, providing a novel tool for personalized treatment. It is necessary to further validate in more large datasets.

Develop a Deep Radiomics Model for Predicting the Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in Patients with Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer Using Three-Stage Longitudinal CT Images

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

To develop a deep radiomics model for predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer using three stage longitudinal CT images.

MATERIALS/METHODS

In this study, 189 patients were used to train our model, 80 patients were used to test the performance of the trained model. All patients enrolled in this study underwent nCRT followed by esophagectomy, and all patients underwent three stage longitudinal CT scans (before nCRT, after nCRT and before esophagectomy). The number of radiomics features for each CT images was 2153, the number of longitudinal radiomic features for each patient was 6459. Then, we used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression for feature importance analysis. After this, the selected features of each stage were feed to the disentangled representation network to explore the relationship between the dynamic changes of tumors before and after nCRT and the pathological complete response (pCR). In addition, in order to further evaluate the effect of the time interval between nCRT and esophagectomy on the response to nCRT, we conducted subgroup analysis on different time frames. The performance of our model was evaluated by area under curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.

RESULTS

Compared with only using single-stage CT images (the AUC of only using before nCRT CT images, after nCRT CT images, before esophagectomy CT images were 73.27%, 74.21%, and 74.95%, respectively), effectively exploring the dynamic changes of the tumor can achieve better performance in predicting the response to nCRT in the testing cohort (the AUC was 84.29%, 95% CI, 81.14%-87.44%). In addition, the performance of our proposed method outperforms any combinations of two stage CT images (the AUC using the CT images of before nCRT and after nCRT was 77.92%, the AUC using the CT images of before nCRT and before esophagectomy was 79.31%, the AUC using the CT images of after nCRT and before esophagectomy was 80.01%). Finally, the results showed that exploring the dynamic changes of the tumor using the three-stage CT images outperformed using single-stage CT images and any combinations of two-stage CT images in predicting the response to nCRT. The study also found that the time interval between nCRT and esophagectomy had some influence on the accuracy of pCR prediction, with the prediction accuracy tending to increase from 1 to 6 weeks and stabilizing after 6 weeks.

CONCLUSION

By exploring the dynamic changes of tumors, the designed disentangled representation network can effectively predict the response to nCRT of patients with esophageal cancer. In addition, the time interval between nCRT and esophagectomy also has a certain impact on the response to nCRT.

Effects of energy restriction during growing phase on the productive performance of Hyline Brown laying hens aged 6 to 72 wk

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of energy-restricted feeding during growing phase on the productive performance of Hyline Brown laying hens aged 6 to 72 wk. A total of 720 six-week-old layer chicks were allocated equally to 3 groups with 6 replicates of 40 pullets each, and were fed 1 of 3 diets that were nutritionally similar except for the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) content. At the age of 6 to 17 wk, the pullets in the control group were given diet with 2,850 kcal/kg AMEn, and were fed ad libitum. The levels of AMEn in diet of pullets in the experimental groups were 90% (2,565 [2,850 × 90%] kcal/kg) and 80% (2,280 [2,850 × 80%] kcal/kg) of that in control group, and the daily amount of feed was restricted to the absolute quantity of the diet consumed by pullets in control group. At the age of 18 to 72 wk, all the hens were fed with the same diets ad libitum. As energy restriction increased in the growing phase, body weight (BW) dropped at the ages of 12 and 15 to 23 wk (at 23 wk: P = 0.001; at other ages: P < 0.001), but it showed no significant difference at 24 wk (P = 0.071). At 20 wk, restricting energy induced a delay in the development of sexual organs, including the ovary stroma, oviduct, and small yellow follicle (P < 0.05), as well as a delay in sexual maturity (P < 0.05). Consequently, the laying rate in the first and second periods dropped linearly (P = 0.046, 0.030, and 0.038, P < 0.001, respectively). The coefficient of variation (CV) in the BW at 19, 20, and 21 wk (P = 0.040, 0.023, and 0.042, respectively), the CV of age at first egg (P < 0.001), and CV of individual egg number at age 18 to 72 wk (P < 0.001) decreased linearly. There was a linear increase in the laying rate of hens in the later periods (at age 32-72 wk, P < 0.05), as well as in the average total egg number per hen and average laying rate at the age of 18 to 72 wk (P = 0.006). The average egg mass also showed a linear increase with increasing levels of energy restriction (P < 0.001). In summary, although appropriate energy restriction during growing phase delayed sexual maturity and sexual organ development in early-laying Hyline Brown pullets, it improved uniformity of BW, age at first egg laying, and individual egg number, and increased egg number per hen, laying rate, average egg mass, and number of settable eggs from 18 to 72 wk of age.

Changes and Relationship in Nutrition Impact Symptoms, Malnutrition during Esophageal Cancer Treatment

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

The aim of this study was to assess the changes and relationship between nutritional impact symptoms (NIS) and malnutrition incidence during radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer.

MATERIALS/METHODS

A prospective observational study recruited hospitalized patients with esophageal cancer who received radiotherapy or did not receive chemotherapy. 283 patients with esophageal carcinoma were followed up before and during the fourth week of radiotherapy. Nutritional parameters were collected during radiotherapy.

RESULTS

According to the patient 's assessment of NIS and subjective global assessment (PG-SGA), at the mid-term of radiotherapy, the proportion of patients with NIS≥3 increased from 20.8% to 61.13%. Inappetence (37.1%) and abdominal distension (28.6%) were the most common nutritional symptoms. Severe malnutrition increased from 39% to 58.1%.NIS (odds ratio (OR) 30.93, 95% CI 15.92, 60.10, p <0.001) and weight loss of ≥5% (odds ratio (OR) 24.1, 95% CI 11.98, 48.47, p <0.001) were independently associated with severe malnutrition during radiotherapy.

CONCLUSION

Strengthen the nutritional support therapy during mid-radiotherapy for esophageal cancer patient, and NIS can directly predict malnutrition.PG-SGA and NIS can be used for nutritional monitoring in esophageal cancer patients.

Hsa_circ_0003928 regulates the progression of diabetic nephropathy through miR-136-5p/PAQR3 axis

BACKGROUND

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the complications of diabetes and has a high mortality, but its specific pathogenesis is not clear. In recent years, researches on the mechanism of circRNAs in DN have been proved a lot, whereas the functional mechanism of circ_0003928 in DN remains open and it must be investigated to value its important role in DN prevention.

METHODS

HK-2 cells were treated with high glucose (HG), normal glucose (NG) or Mannitol. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were performed to detect cell proliferation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to analyze malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD) levels. Flow cytometry and western blot were preformed to measure cell apoptosis. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to test the levels of circ_0003928, miR-136-5p and progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 3 (PAQR3) mRNA. Western blot was executed to detect Bcl2 associated X (Bax), B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), smooth muscle (αSMA), apolipoprotein (C-IV) and PAQR3 levels. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were used to analyze the target relationship between miR-136-5p and circ_0003928 or PAQR3.

RESULTS

Circ_0003928 and PAQR3 expression were up-regulated, whereas miR-136-5p was decreased in DN serum and HG-induced HK-2 cells. Circ_0003928 knockdown promoted cell proliferation, and inhibit cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in HK-2 cells under HG condition. MiR-136-5p silencing overturned the protective effects of si-circ_0003928 on HG-induced HK-2 cells. MiR-136-5p was targeted by circ_0003928 and directly targeted PAQR3. Overexpression of PAQR3 counteracted the inhibitory functions of circ_0003928 knockdown or miR-136-5p overexpression on HG-induced HK-2 cell injury.

CONCLUSION

Circ_0003928 acted as a sponge of miR-136-5p to up-regulating PAQR3 expression, and then regulate the proliferation, oxidative stress, fibrosis and apoptosis in HG-induced HK-2 cells.

Tumor-Myeloid Cell Crosstalk Pathways Associated with Abscopal Responses in Breast Cancer

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

To identify predictive biomarkers for combined radiotherapy (RT) and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, which can induce systemic anti-tumor immune responses (i.e., "abscopal" responses) in breast cancer.

MATERIALS/METHODS

Four Trp53-/- Balb/c breast cancer syngeneic allograft models with low tumor mutational burden and resistance to dual ICI (anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4, BioXcell) were used. Two lines exhibited abscopal responses to RT (8Gyx3) plus ICI combination therapy (i.e., "abscopal models"), whereas the other two did not (i.e., "non-abscopal models"). We performed spatial transcriptomics analysis (GeoMx whole transcriptome assay) of pan-cytokeratin positive (panCK+) tumor and tumor-adjacent CD45+ immune cell segments in orthotopically implanted tumors 10 days after initiating treatment with IgG control, RT alone, ICI alone, or RT/ICI combination (N>5 per group). Genes selectively induced by RT/ICI in panCK+ and CD45+ segments in abscopal models and were not induced in non-abscopal models were identified using two-tailed t-tests and FDR correction for multiple testing (FDR<5%). In vitro analyses of RT-induced secreted inflammatory signaling were conducted by exposing supernatant from irradiated (8Gy) tumor cells to a RAW264.7 macrophage cell line expressing an interferon-inducible luciferase reporter construct, followed by luciferase signal quantification (Invivogen).

RESULTS

Hierarchical clustering of immune-related genes in CD45+ immune segments from breast cancer models with abscopal responses to RT/ICI revealed global differences in tumor-adjacent immune profiles at baseline and after RT/ICI treatment. Abscopal responsive breast cancer models at baseline showed an enrichment of myeloid cell subtypes expressing complement protein C1q, Ccl8, and Csf1r in tumor-adjacent CD45+ immune cells, and CD8+ T cells expressing Ccl5. 10 days after treatment with RT/ICI, tumor-adjacent CD45+ immune cells in abscopal models were enriched in Cxcl10, Irf7, and FcgRIV, whereas these genes were not induced in non-abscopal models. CyTOF analyses confirmed the induction of inflamed professional antigen presenting cells (CD11c+CD80+IA/IE+) by RT/ICI in abscopal models. Within panCK+ tumor segments, RT/ICI in abscopal models selectively induced Isg15 and Zbp1, both of which are involved in secreted inflammatory signaling. Consistently, RT-induced secreted inflammatory signaling from tumor cells to macrophages evaluated in vitro was significantly greater in abscopal models compared to non-abscopal models.

CONCLUSION

Breast cancer models with abscopal responses to RT/ICI show increased Isg15- and Zbp1-dependent secreted inflammatory crosstalk that activates Cxcl10 and Irf7 expression in tumor-adjacent myeloid cells, which warrants further investigation as a potential predictive biomarker for combined RT/ICI therapy in breast cancer.

Deep Learning for Automatic Prediction of Lymph Node Station Metastasis in Esophageal Cancer Patients from Contrast-Enhanced CT

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

The diagnosis of lymph node (LN) metastasis in computed tomography (CT) is an essential yet challenging task in esophageal cancer staging and treatment planning. Although criteria (e.g., RECIST, morphological/texture features) are proposed to predict LN metastasis, the diagnostic accuracy remains low with sensitivity <50% and specificity <75%, as reported in previous studies. Deep learning (DL) has the potential to address this issue by learning from large-scale labeled data. However, due to the practical surgery procedure in lymph node dissection, it is difficult to pair the metastasis of individual LN reported in the pathology report to the LN instance found in the CT image. Hence, in this study, we first use pathology reports to determine the LNS metastasis, then develop a multiple instance deep learning (MIDL) model to predict lymph node station (LNS) metastasis.

MATERIALS/METHODS

We collected 1200 esophageal cancer patients with preoperative contrast-enhanced CT before surgery. A recently developed automatic mediastinal LNS segmentation model was first applied to segment LNS of 1 to 8 based on the IASLC protocol. For each LNS, the local CT region of interest (ROI) was cropped to generate a station-wise CT patch, where the LNS was labeled as metastatic if at least one metastatic LN was indicated in the pathology report. Using the station-wise CT patch and LNS label, we train a 3D MIDL model, MobileNetV3, to predict LNS metastasis. To better provide the LN position priors in MIDL, LN instances (with a short axis >4mm) were also segmented using an automatic LN detection algorithm and were added to the MIDL model as an auxiliary input. Five-fold cross-validation was conducted to evaluate the MIDL performance.

RESULTS

The MIDL model's performance is summarized in Table 1. The MIDL model incorporating an additional LN instance mask demonstrated a superior overall AUC of 0.7539, surpassing the model without the LN mask input by 2.93%. The specificity was evaluated at a threshold resulting in a recall of 0.7, and the best model outperformed the CT input model in terms of specificity by 2.11%. This highlights the value of including the LN position prior to the MIDL model. Notably, when a threshold was set to result in a specificity of 75%, the best MIDL model demonstrated a significantly higher recall compared to the previously reported clinical diagnostic recall (39.7% vs. 63.21%).

CONCLUSION

We developed a MIDL classification model to predict LNS metastasis using CT scans of 1200 patients. Our findings suggest that the MIDL model can substantially improve LNS metastasis prediction and has the potential to play an essential role in cancer staging, treatment planning, and prognostic analysis.

Measurement of the Dependence of the Hadron Production Fraction Ratios f_{s}/f_{u} and f_{d}/f_{u} on B Meson Kinematic Variables in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

The dependence of the ratio between the B_{s}^{0} and B^{+} hadron production fractions, f_{s}/f_{u}, on the transverse momentum (p_{T}) and rapidity of the B mesons is studied using the decay channels B_{s}^{0}→J/ψϕ and B^{+}→J/ψK^{+}. The analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment in 2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 61.6  fb^{-1}. The f_{s}/f_{u} ratio is observed to depend on the B p_{T} and to be consistent with becoming asymptotically constant at large p_{T}. No rapidity dependence is observed. The ratio of the B^{0} to B^{+} meson production fractions, f_{d}/f_{u}, is also measured, for the first time in proton-proton collisions, using the B^{0}→J/ψK^{*0} decay channel. The result is found to be within 1 standard deviation of unity and independent of p_{T} and rapidity, as expected from isospin invariance.

Prevalence and influencing factors of frailty in older patients with diabetes in China: a system review and meta-analysis

Background and aims

To systematically evaluate the relevant literature to explore the prevalence and influencing factors of frailty in older patients with diabetes in China.

Methods

Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Proquest Central, Web of Science, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP and Wan fang Databases were searched to collect Chinese and English literatures about frailty in older diabetic patients. RevMan 5.4 software was used to extract data for systematic review.

Results

Seventeen studies involving 23,070 older patients with diabetes were included. The results showed that the prevalence of frailty in older Chinese diabetic patients was 30%. The main influencing factors were HbA1c level, number of complications, age, depression, exercise, and nutritional status.

Conclusion

The prevalence of frailty in Chinese elderly diabetic patients is high and there are many influencing factors. However, the quality of relevant literature is general and the number is limited, so high-quality prospective studies should be carried out in the future to further verify the conclusions.