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Tsai C, Chiu C, Chou T, Li L, Chang K, Chen Y, Tsai S, Perng R. PD-159 Mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain of epidermal growthfactor receptor (EGFR) is a predictive and prognostic factor for gefitinib treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)80492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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77
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Gabathuler R, Arthur G, Kennard M, Chen Q, Tsai S, Yang J, Schoorl W, Vitalis T, Jefferies W. Development of a potential protein vector (NeuroTrans) to deliver drugs across the blood–brain barrier. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ics.2005.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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78
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Nigri GR, Tsai S, Kossodo S, Waterman P, Fungaloi P, Hooper DC, Doukas AG, LaMuraglia GM. Laser-induced shock waves enhance sterilization of infected vascular prosthetic grafts. Lasers Surg Med 2002; 29:448-54. [PMID: 11891733 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bacteria that cause infection of vascular prosthetic grafts produce an exopolysaccharide matrix known as biofilm. Growth in biofilms protects the bacteria from leukocytes, antibodies and antimicrobial drugs. Laser-generated shock waves (SW) can disrupt biofilms and increase drug penetration. This study investigates the possibility of increasing antibiotic delivery and sterilization of vascular prosthetic graft. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus were isolated from infected prosthetic grafts obtained directly from patients. Dacron grafts were inoculated with the isolated bacteria, which were allowed to form adherent bacterial colonies. The colonized grafts underwent the following treatments: (a) antibiotic (vancomycin) alone; (b) antibiotic and SW (c) saline only; and (d) saline and SW. Six hours after treatment, the grafts were sonicated, the effluent was cultured and the colony forming units (CFU) were counted. RESULTS CFU recovered from control grafts colonized by S. epidermidis were comparable: saline, 3.05 x 10(8) and saline+SW 3.31 x 10(8). The number of S. epidermidis CFU diminished to 7.61 x 10(6) after antibiotic treatment but the combined antibiotic+SW treatment synergistically decreased CFU number to 1.27 x 10(4) (P<0.001). S. aureus showed a higher susceptibility to the antibiotic: 2.26 x 10(6) CFU; antibiotic +SW treatment also had an incremental effect: 8.27 x 10(4) CFU (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that laser-generated shock waves have no effects alone, but can enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics against bacteria associated with prosthetic vascular graft biofilms, suggesting that this treatment may be of value as adjunctive therapy for prosthetic graft infections.
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Tsai S, Hsieh T, Ardelt B, Darzynkiewicz Z, Wu J. Combined effects of onconase and IFN-β on proliferation, macromolecular syntheses and expression of STAT-1 in JCA-1 cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2002. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.20.5.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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80
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Ingley E, Chappell D, Poon SY, Sarna MK, Beaumont JG, Williams JH, Stillitano JP, Tsai S, Leedman PJ, Tilbrook PA, Klinken SP. Thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 1 modulates cytokine and nuclear hormone signaling in erythroid cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:43428-34. [PMID: 11544260 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106645200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) and thyroid hormone (T(3)) are key molecules in the development of red blood cells. We have shown previously that the tyrosine kinase Lyn is involved in differentiation signals emanating from an activated erythropoietin receptor. Here we demonstrate that Lyn interacts with thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 1 (Trip-1), a transcriptional regulator associated with the T(3) receptor, providing a link between the Epo and T(3) signaling pathways. Trip-1 co-localized with Lyn and the T(3) receptor alpha in the cytoplasm/plasma membrane of erythroid cells but translocated to discrete nuclear foci shortly after Epo-induced differentiation. Our data reveal that T(3) stimulated the proliferation of immature erythroid cells, and inhibited maturation promoted by erythropoietin. Removal of T(3) reduced cell division and enhanced terminal differentiation. This was accompanied by large increases in the cell cycle inhibitor p27(Kip1) and by increasing expression of erythroid transcription factors GATA-1, EKLF, and NF-E2. Strikingly, a truncated Trip-1 inhibited both erythropoietin-induced maturation and T(3)-initiated cell division. This mutant Trip-1 acted in a dominant negative fashion by eliminating endogenous Lyn, elevating p27(Kip1), and blocking T(3) response elements. These data demonstrate that Trip-1 can simultaneously modulate responses involving both cytokine and nuclear receptors.
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81
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Tsai S, Hsu H, Fong Y, Chiu C, Kao A, Lee C. Bone mineral density in young female Chinese dancers. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2001; 25:283-5. [PMID: 11794259 PMCID: PMC3620799 DOI: 10.1007/s002640100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate of the effect of dancing on bone mineral density (BMD) we compared 29 Chinese girls who had been receiving regular ballet training for at least 6 years with a control group of 20 nonathletic sex- and age-matched Chinese girls. BMD was measured at the second to fourth lumbar spine and at the right femoral neck using a commercial dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DEXA). There were no significant differences in either measured BMD or spinal BMD after adjusting for body weight (body mass index). Adjusted BMD of the femoral neck, however, showed significant differences (P <0.05). Results revealed that the ballet dancers were significantly thinner than the control group and the negative effect of a lower bodyweight may neutralize the positive effect of ballet dancing on BMD, especially in the femoral neck.
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Wang B, Lemay S, Tsai S, Veillette A. SH2 domain-mediated interaction of inhibitory protein tyrosine kinase Csk with protein tyrosine phosphatase-HSCF. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:1077-88. [PMID: 11158295 PMCID: PMC99562 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.4.1077-1088.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) Csk is a potent negative regulator of several signal transduction processes, as a consequence of its exquisite ability to inactivate Src-related PTKs. This function requires not only the kinase domain of Csk, but also its Src homology 3 (SH3) and SH2 regions. We showed previously that the Csk SH3 domain mediates highly specific associations with two members of the PEP family of nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), PEP and PTP-PEST. In comparison, the Csk SH2 domain interacts with several tyrosine phosphorylated molecules, presumed to allow targetting of Csk to sites of Src family kinase activation. Herein, we attempted to understand better the regulation of Csk by identifying ligands for its SH2 domain. Using a modified yeast two-hybrid screen, we uncovered the fact that Csk associates with PTP-HSCF, the third member of the PEP family of PTPs. This association was documented not only in yeast cells but also in a heterologous mammalian cell system and in cytokine-dependent hemopoietic cells. Surprisingly, the Csk-PTP-HSCF interaction was found to be mediated by the Csk SH2 domain and two putative sites of tyrosine phosphorylation in the noncatalytic portion of PTP-HSCF. Transfection experiments indicated that Csk and PTP-HSCF synergized to inhibit signal transduction by Src family kinases and that this cooperativity was dependent on the domains mediating their association. Finally, we obtained evidence that PTP-HSCF inactivated Src-related PTKs by selectively dephosphorylating the positive regulatory tyrosine in their kinase domain. Taken together, these results demonstrate that part of the function of the Csk SH2 domain is to mediate an inducible association with a PTP, thereby engineering a more efficient inhibitory mechanism for Src-related PTKs. Coupled with previously published observations, these data also establish that Csk forms complexes with all three known members of the PEP family.
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83
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Zhao B, Magdaleno S, Chua S, Wang YL, Burcin M, Elberg D, Finegold M, Tsai S, DeMayo FJ. Transgenic mouse models for lung cancer. Exp Lung Res 2000; 26:567-79. [PMID: 11195456 DOI: 10.1080/01902140150216675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic technology allows the ability to target regulatory genes to the lungs in a cell-specific fashion. Using this technology, we have generated a model to investigate the phenotypic consequences of targeting oncogenes to particular cell types in the lungs and are developing a second model for the regulated expression of oncogenes in the lung. The transgenic model involves the constitutive expression of simian virus 40 large T antigen in the Clara cells of mouse lungs. This model has been used to investigate changes in expression of cell cycle regulatory genes in the Clara cells during the transformation process, as well as the expression of the transcription factors regulating the expression of Clara cell differentiation markers. The second model we are developing investigates the regulated expression of the genes in the lungs. This system is based on the establishment of two types of transgenic lines. The regulator line consists of a chimeric transcriptional factor placed under the control of a lung-specific SPC (surfactant protein C) promoter. This chimeric regulator is composed of a transcription activation domain, the GAL4 DNA-binding domain, and a truncated progesterone receptor that is responsive to RU 486, but not to endogenous progesterone. The second transgenic mouse line contains the silent target transgene under the control of a minimal promoter with upstream activating sequences (UAS) that are recognized by the regulator transgene. Upon breeding these two lines, the resulting bitransgenic mice can then be induced to express the target transgene only with the administration of RU 486. Two generations of regulators have been evaluated on their ability to regulate the expression of a growth hormone reporter gene. This system demonstrated the inducible expression of the reporter genes in the distal airways of the lungs.
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84
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Bernacki EJ, Guidera JA, Schaefer JA, Tsai S. A facilitated early return to work program at a large urban medical center. J Occup Environ Med 2000; 42:1172-7. [PMID: 11125680 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-200012000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An Early Return to Work Program was initiated at The Johns Hopkins Hospital and Associated Schools of Medicine, Hygiene and Nursing in Baltimore, Maryland, in April 1992 as part of a comprehensive effort to control the incidence and costs of work-related illnesses and injuries. The program was similar to others that incorporate employee and supervisory training and job accommodation, but it also included an industrial hygienist trained in ergonomics to facilitate the placement of individuals with restrictions. The return to work program was studied over a 10-year period, comparing the number of lost workday cases, lost workdays, and restricted duty days before (1989 to 1992) and after (1993 to 1999) initiation of the program. A significant decrease (55%) was observed in the rate of lost workday cases before versus after the return to work program. Furthermore, the number of lost workdays decreased from an average of 26.3 per 100 employees before, to 12.0 per 100 employees after, the return to work initiative, and the number of restricted duty days went from an average of 0.63 per 100 employees to 13.4 per 100 employees (a twentyfold increase). The study suggests that a well-structured early return to work program is an integral part of a comprehensive effort to control the duration of disability associated with occupational injuries and illness. It also indicates that to be most effective, an early return to work program must include participation by medical providers, safety professionals, injured employees, and supervisors. Our work suggests that even with these elements in place, the effectiveness of return to work programs may be increased by including an individual trained in ergonomics to facilitate the job placement process.
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Cereseto A, Tsai S. Jagged2 induces cell cycling in confluent fibroblasts susceptible to density-dependent inhibition of cell division. J Cell Physiol 2000; 185:425-31. [PMID: 11056013 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4652(200012)185:3<425::aid-jcp13>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Jagged2 is a member of the DSL (Delta-Serrate-Lag-2) -ligand family of transmembrane proteins that signal through the Notch receptors. In many cases of human acute lymphoblastic T-cell leukemias, chromosomal translocations fuse a part of the Notch-1 gene to the T-cell receptor-beta locus (Ellison et al., 1991, Cell 66:649-661). The truncated Notch-1 allele encodes an aberrant protein that lacks most of the extracellular domain and is constitutively activated (Pear et al., 1996, J Exp Med 183:2283-2291). A similarly truncated version of Notch-1 was capable of transforming primary baby rat kidney cells in cooperation with the E1A oncogene of adenovirus (Capobianco et al., 1997, Mol Cell Bio 17:6265-6273). The transformed cells grew to a high population density in culture and were tumorigenic in vivo. It was unclear what roles Notch signaling played in neoplastic transformation. In this report, we demonstrate that sustained activation of the Jagged2/Notch signal transduction pathway induced continuous cell cycling in confluent rabbit-skin fibroblasts sensitive to density-dependent inhibition of cell division. The ability to overcome density-dependent inhibition of cell division correlated with elevated cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2) activity and a lower level of induction of the CDK inhibitor p27 in the target cells. Similar cell-cycle effect was seen when a truncated mouse Notch-1 construct with constitutive activity was expressed. Taken together, our findings indicate that sustained activation of the Jagged2/Notch signal transduction pathway can overcome density-dependent inhibition of cell division and therefore may contribute to neoplastic transformation.
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Chuang L, Tsai S, Juang J, Tsai W, Tai T. Genetic epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2000; 50 Suppl 2:S41-7. [PMID: 11024583 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(00)00178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Some environmental and genetic factors play important roles in etiopathogenesis of type 1 or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). HLA genes, the IDDM1 locus located the human chromosome 6, were found to be associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. However, the incidence of IDDM varied greatly among various populations. To evaluate the pathogenetic factors contributing to the development of IDDM in Taiwan, HLA typing was performed in a group of IDDM unrelated individuals and IDDM pedigrees along with the normal controls from the northern Taiwan. DNA genotypes of class II HLA were done by polymerase-chain-reaction based oligotyping techniques. We confirmed that class II HLA genes were significantly associated with IDDM in Taiwan. To study detailed molecular structure of class II HLA molecules and disease association, we examined several amino acid residues on DQalpha and DQbeta chains and the molecular mechanisms to explain the heterozygotic effect of the DR3/DR4 and DR3/DR9 in the Chinese population. Linkage analysis in our pedigrees confirmed the association between HLA and IDDM in population association studies. Among the several class II alleles, a closer segregation of HLA-DQB1*0401 to the affected persons might suggest that HLA-DQB1*0401 itself or an allele closely linked to the DQB1 locus was the IDDM-predisposing allele in Taiwanese. For IDDM2 (INS) region, association with IDDM was not found due to that more than 90% of the population carried class I alleles. In our collection of IDDM, we found few cases (2.4%) carried mitochondrial DNA mutation. Our studies in Taiwanese confirm a multigenetic nature for IDDM.
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87
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Tsai S, Fero J, Bartelmez S. Mouse Jagged2 is differentially expressed in hematopoietic progenitors and endothelial cells and promotes the survival and proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors by direct cell-to-cell contact. Blood 2000; 96:950-7. [PMID: 10910909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the regulation of the early stages of hematopoiesis, cDNA representational difference analysis was used to isolate genes that were differentially expressed in primitive hematopoietic progenitors. The reasoning was that such genes were more likely to provide functions important to hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. One of the genes identified through this approach encodes mouse Jagged2 (mJagged2). Using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, it was shown that mJagged2 was differentially expressed in c-kit(+) hematopoietic progenitors, including those with the phenotypes of Lin(-) c-kit(+) Rh(lo) Ho(lo) and Lin(-) c-kit(+) Rh(hi) Ho(lo), and that they have been shown to be highly enriched for long-term and short-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells, respectively. Western blot analyses showed that endothelial cells also expressed high levels of Jagged2, but stromal fibroblasts did not. Using a coculture system we found that exogenous, full-length mJagged2 promoted the survival and proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors, including the high-proliferative potential colony-forming cells. Direct cell-to-cell contact was required for this effect. Taken together, these findings indicate that both c-kit(+) hematopoietic progenitors and endothelial cells express Jagged2 and that exogenous, full-length Jagged2 promotes the survival and proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors.
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Kao C, Hsieh J, Tsai S, Ho Y, Changlai S, Sun S, Lee J. Using technetium-99M dimercaptosuccinic acid renal cortex scintigraphy to differentiate acute pyelonephritis from other causes of fever in patients with spinal cord injury. Urology 2000; 55:658-62. [PMID: 10792074 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To differentiate acute pyelonephritis (APN) from fever due to other sources in patients with spinal cord injury by using technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal cortex scintigraphy (DMSA scan). METHODS A total of 24 patients with spinal cord injury were admitted with fever. DMSA scans were performed on all patients. The final determination of the cause of the fever was based on the medical history, physical examination, laboratory evaluation, and imaging studies. RESULTS DMSA scan accurately diagnosed APN in 12 patients with inflammation on the DMSA scan. In 5 patients with scarred lesions on the DMSA scans and in 7 patients with negative DMSA scan, the fever was attributed to other causes. The sensitivity and specificity of the DMSA scan for detecting APN were both 100%. CONCLUSIONS The DMSA scan is a valuable adjunct in the evaluation of fever in patients with SCI.
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Ingley E, Sarna MK, Beaumont JG, Tilbrook PA, Tsai S, Takemoto Y, Williams JH, Klinken SP. HS1 interacts with Lyn and is critical for erythropoietin-induced differentiation of erythroid cells. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:7887-93. [PMID: 10713104 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.11.7887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythroid cells terminally differentiate in response to erythropoietin binding its cognate receptor. Previously we have shown that the tyrosine kinase Lyn associates with the erythropoietin receptor and is essential for hemoglobin synthesis in three erythroleukemic cell lines. To understand Lyn signaling events in erythroid cells, the yeast two-hybrid system was used to analyze interactions with other proteins. Here we show that the hemopoietic-specific protein HS1 interacted directly with the SH3 domain of Lyn, via its proline-rich region. A truncated HS1, bearing the Lyn-binding domain, was introduced into J2E erythroleukemic cells to determine the impact upon responsiveness to erythropoietin. Truncated HS1 had a striking effect on the phenotype of the J2E line-the cells were smaller, more basophilic than the parental proerythoblastoid cells and had fewer surface erythropoietin receptors. Moreover, basal and erythropoietin-induced proliferation and differentiation were markedly suppressed. The inability of cells containing the truncated HS1 to differentiate may be a consequence of markedly reduced levels of Lyn and GATA-1. In addition, erythropoietin stimulation of these cells resulted in rapid, endosome-mediated degradation of endogenous HS1. The truncated HS1 also suppressed the development of erythroid colonies from fetal liver cells. These data show that disrupting HS1 has profoundly influenced the ability of erythroid cells to terminally differentiate.
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90
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Du Y, Tsai S, Keller JR, Williams SC. Identification of an interleukin-3-regulated aldoketo reductase gene in myeloid cells which may function in autocrine regulation of myelopoiesis. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:6724-32. [PMID: 10702227 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.10.6724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The EML hematopoietic progenitor cell line is a model system for studying molecular events regulating myeloid commitment and terminal differentiation. We used representational difference analysis to identify genes that are expressed differentially during myeloid differentiation of EML cells. One gene (named mAKRa) encoded a novel member of the aldoketo reductase (AKR) superfamily of cytosolic NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases. mAKRa mRNA was detected in murine hematopoietic tissues including bone marrow, spleen, and thymus. In myeloid cell lines, mAKRa was expressed at highest levels in cells representative of promyelocytes. mAKRa mRNA levels increased rapidly in response to interleukin-3 over the first 24 h of EML cell differentiation when the cells undergo lineage commitment and extensive proliferation. mAKRa mRNA levels decreased later in the differentiation process particularly when the EML cells were cultured with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and retinoic acid to induce terminal granulocytic maturation. mAKRa mRNA levels decreased during retinoic acid-induced terminal granulocytic differentiation of the MPRO promyelocyte cell line. AKRs act as molecular switches by catalyzing the interconversion or inactivation of bioactive molecules including steroids and prostaglandins. We propose that mAKRa may catalyze the production or catabolism of autocrine factors that promote the proliferation and/or lineage commitment of early myeloid progenitors.
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Sliva D, Gu M, Zhu YX, Chen J, Tsai S, Du X, Yang YC. 14-3-3zeta interacts with the alpha-chain of human interleukin 9 receptor. Biochem J 2000; 345 Pt 3:741-7. [PMID: 10642536 PMCID: PMC1220812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 9 (IL-9) exerts its pleiotropic effects through the IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) complex, which consists of the IL-9R alpha-chain, which determines the cytokine specificity, and the IL-2 receptor gamma-chain. In the present study we used a modified yeast two-hybrid system to isolate cDNA species encoding proteins that interacted with the intracellular domain of the human IL-9R alpha-chain (hIL-9Ralpha). We have identified 14-3-3zeta as an hIL-9Ralpha-interacting protein. We also mapped residues 518-522 (Arg-Ser(519)-Trp-Thr(521)-Phe) in hIL-9Ralpha and helix I of 14-3-3zeta as being important for interaction. Moreover, peptide competition experi-ments suggested that interaction between hIL-9Ralpha and 14-3-3zeta requires the phosphorylation of Ser(519) or Thr(521). This is the first demonstration that 14-3-3 can interact with a non-tyrosine kinase receptor. The interaction between 14-3-3 and IL-9Ralpha but not IL-4Ralpha also suggests a potential role for 14-3-3 in determining cytokine specificity.
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Berton TR, Wang XJ, Zhou Z, Kellendonk C, Schütz G, Tsai S, Roop DR. Characterization of an inducible, epidermal-specific knockout system: differential expression of lacZ in different Cre reporter mouse strains. Genesis 2000; 26:160-1. [PMID: 10686618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Chou YC, Chou CC, Chen YK, Tsai S, Hsieh FM, Liu HJ, Hseu TH. Structure and genomic organization of porcine RACK1 gene. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1489:315-22. [PMID: 10673032 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cDNA encoding porcine RACK1 protein was isolated from porcine spleen cDNA library. The deduced protein sequence of porcine RACK1 cDNA shows that it contains 317 amino acid residues, and shares nearly 100% identity with its vertebrate counterparts. Noticeably, the RACK1 protein was differentially expressed in various porcine tissues. High expression of RACK1 protein was observed in the tissues including thymus, pituitary, spleen and liver, whereas there was no detectable expression in muscle. The genomic DNA of porcine RACK1 with approximate 7.5 kb was constructed by both polymerase chain reaction amplification and genomic library screening. It consists of eight exons intervened by seven introns, and most of the intron/exon splice sites conform to the GT/AG rule. The promoter region contains functional serum response element, YY1-like binding site and AP1 site, which is supported by the finding that the expression of RACK1 gene in cultured porcine ST cells has a serum response as well as a TPA response.
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Feng SH, Tsai S, Rodriguez J, Lo SC. Mycoplasmal infections prevent apoptosis and induce malignant transformation of interleukin-3-dependent 32D hematopoietic cells. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:7995-8002. [PMID: 10567525 PMCID: PMC84884 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.12.7995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
32D cells, a murine myeloid cell line, rapidly undergo apoptosis upon withdrawal of interleukin-3 (IL-3) supplement in culture. We found that 32D cells, if infected by several species of human mycoplasmas that rapidly activated NF-kappaB, would live and continue to grow in IL-3-depleted culture. Mycoplasma-infected cells showed no evidence of autocrine production of IL-3. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) blocked activation of NF-kappaB and led to prominent cell death. Heat-killed mycoplasmas or mycoplasmal membrane preparations alone could support continued growth of 32D cells in culture without IL-3 supplement for a substantial period of time. However, upon removal of heat-inactivated mycoplasmas, 32D cells quickly became apoptotic. In comparison, live Mycoplasma fermentans or M. penetrans infection for 4 to 5 weeks induced malignant transformation of 32D cells. Transformed 32D cells grew autonomously and no longer required support of growth-stimulating factors including IL-3 and mycoplasmas. The transformed 32D cells quickly formed tumors when injected into nude mice. Karyotyping showed that development of chromosomal changes and trisomy 19 was often associated with malignant transformation and tumorigenicity of 32D cells. Mycoplasmal infections apparently affected the fidelity of genomic transmission in cell division as well as checkpoints coordinating the progression of cell cycle events.
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Ingley E, Williams JH, Walker CE, Tsai S, Colley S, Sayer MS, Tilbrook PA, Sarna M, Beaumont JG, Klinken SP. A novel ADP-ribosylation like factor (ARL-6), interacts with the protein-conducting channel SEC61beta subunit. FEBS Lett 1999; 459:69-74. [PMID: 10508919 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report here the isolation of a new member of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like family (ARL-6) present in the J2E erythroleukemic cell line, but not its myeloid variants. Consistent with this lineage-restricted expression, ARL-6 mRNA increased with erythropoietin-induced maturation of J2E cells, and decreased with interleukin 6-induced differentiation of M1 monoblastoid cells. In tissues, ARL-6 mRNA was most abundant in brain and kidney. While ARL-6 protein was predominantly cytosolic, its membrane association increased following exposure to GTP-gammaS, like many members of the ARF/ARL family. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, six molecules which interact with ARL-6 were identified including SEC61beta, a subunit of the heterotrimeric protein conducting channel SEC61p. Co-immunoprecipitation of ARL-6 confirmed a stable association between ARL-6 and SEC61beta in COS cells. These results demonstrate that ARL-6, a novel member of the ADP-ribosylation factor-like family, interacts with the SEC61beta subunit.
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Sliva D, Zhu YX, Tsai S, Kamine J, Yang YC. Tip60 interacts with human interleukin-9 receptor alpha-chain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 263:149-55. [PMID: 10486269 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-9 (IL-9) exerts its pleiotropic effects through the IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) complex that consists of the ligand specific IL-9R alpha-chain, and the IL-2R gamma-chain. In this study, we used a modified yeast two-hybrid system to isolate cDNAs encoding proteins that interact with the intracellular domain of the human IL-9R alpha-chain (hIL-9Ralpha). We have identified Tip60, an HIV-1 Tat transcription cofactor, as an hIL-9Ralpha interacting protein. The interaction between hIL-9Ralpha and Tip60 was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization studies. This is the first demonstration that Tip60 associates with a membrane receptor. We also mapped amino acids 411-423 in hIL-9Ralpha and amino acids 100-147 in Tip60 to be important for interaction. Interestingly, the region in hIL-9alpha that binds Tip60 is adjacent to the site previously shown to interact with Stat3. Tip60 binds HIV-Tat and mediates Tat-dependent transactivation possibly through its histone acetyltransferase activity. Our results therefore suggest that Tip60 may act as a cofactor of Stat3 or as an adaptor protein for molecules that are important for IL-9 signaling.
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97
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Wang XJ, Liefer KM, Tsai S, O'Malley BW, Roop DR. Development of gene-switch transgenic mice that inducibly express transforming growth factor beta1 in the epidermis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:8483-8. [PMID: 10411901 PMCID: PMC17542 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.15.8483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous attempts to establish transgenic mouse models to study the functions of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) in the skin revealed controversial roles for TGFbeta1 in epidermal growth (inhibition vs. stimulation) and resulted in neonatal lethality in one instance. To establish a viable transgenic model for studying functions of TGFbeta1 in the skin, we have now developed transgenic mice, which allow focal induction of the TGFbeta1 transgene in the epidermis at different expression levels and at different developmental stages. This system, termed "gene-switch," consists of two transgenic lines. The mouse loricrin vector targets the GLVPc transactivator (a fusion molecule of the truncated progesterone receptor and the GAL4 DNA binding domain), and a thymidine kinase promoter drives the TGFbeta1 target gene with GAL4 binding sites upstream of the promoter. These two transgenic lines were mated to generate bigenic mice, and TGFbeta1 transgene expression was controlled by topical application of an antiprogestin. On epidermal-specific induction of the TGFbeta1 transgene, the BrdUrd labeling index in the transgenic epidermis decreased 6-fold compared with controls. Induction of the TGFbeta1 transgene expression also caused epidermal resistance to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced hyperplasia, with a reduction in both epidermal thickness and BrdUrd labeling compared with those in controls. In addition, TGFbeta1 transgene expression induced an increase in angiogenesis in the dermis. Given that the TGFbeta1 transgene can affect both the epidermis and dermis, this transgenic model will provide a useful tool for studying roles of TGFbeta1 in wound-healing and skin carcinogenesis in the future.
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98
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Zhu Y, Paszty C, Turetsky T, Tsai S, Kuypers FA, Lee G, Cooper P, Gallagher PG, Stevens ME, Rubin E, Mohandas N, Mentzer WC. Stomatocytosis is absent in "stomatin"-deficient murine red blood cells. Blood 1999; 93:2404-10. [PMID: 10090952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the relationship between erythrocyte membrane protein 7. 2b deficiency and the hemolytic anemia of human hereditary stomatocytosis, we created 7.2b knock-out mice by standard gene targeting approaches. Immunoblots showed that homozygous knock-out mice completely lacked erythrocyte protein 7.2b. Despite the absence of protein 7.2b, there was no hemolytic anemia and mouse red blood cells (RBCs) were normal in morphology, cell indices, hydration status, monovalent cation content, and ability to translocate lipids. The absence of the phenotype of hereditary stomatocytosis implies that protein 7.2b deficiency plays no direct role in the etiology of this disorder and casts doubt on the previously proposed role of this protein as a mediator of cation transport in RBC.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital/blood
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital/genetics
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital/pathology
- Animals
- Blood Proteins/deficiency
- Blood Proteins/genetics
- Blood Proteins/physiology
- Carrier Proteins/blood
- Cations/blood
- Erythrocyte Deformability
- Erythrocyte Indices
- Erythrocyte Membrane/metabolism
- Erythrocyte Membrane/ultrastructure
- Erythrocytes, Abnormal/metabolism
- Erythrocytes, Abnormal/pathology
- Female
- Genotype
- Humans
- Ion Transport
- Male
- Membrane Fluidity
- Membrane Proteins/blood
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- Phosphatidylserines/metabolism
- Phospholipid Transfer Proteins
- Potassium/blood
- Sodium/blood
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99
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Carrello A, Ingley E, Minchin RF, Tsai S, Ratajczak T. The common tetratricopeptide repeat acceptor site for steroid receptor-associated immunophilins and hop is located in the dimerization domain of Hsp90. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:2682-9. [PMID: 9915798 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.5.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Structurally related tetratricopeptide repeat motifs in steroid receptor-associated immunophilins and the STI1 homolog, Hop, mediate the interaction with a common cellular target, hsp90. We have identified the binding domain in hsp90 for cyclophilin 40 (CyP40) using a two-hybrid system screen of a mouse cDNA library. All isolated clones encoded the intact carboxyl terminus of hsp90 and overlapped with a common region corresponding to amino acids 558-724 of murine hsp84. The interaction was confirmed in vitro with bacterially expressed CyP40 and deletion mutants of hsp90beta and was delineated further to a 124-residue COOH-terminal segment of hsp90. Deletion of the conserved MEEVD sequence at the extreme carboxyl terminus of hsp90 precludes interaction with CyP40, signifying an important role for this motif in hsp90 function. We show that CyP40 and Hop display similar interaction profiles with hsp90 truncation mutants and present evidence for the direct competition of Hop and FK506-binding protein 52 with CyP40 for binding to the hsp90 COOH-terminal region. Our results are consistent with a common tetratricopeptide repeat interaction site for Hop and steroid receptor-associated immunophilins within a discrete COOH-terminal domain of hsp90. This region of hsp90 mediates ATP-independent chaperone activity, overlaps the hsp90 dimerization domain, and includes structural elements important for steroid receptor interaction.
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100
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Weiler SR, Gooya JM, Ortiz M, Tsai S, Collins SJ, Keller JR. D3: a gene induced during myeloid cell differentiation of Linlo c-Kit+ Sca-1(+) progenitor cells. Blood 1999; 93:527-36. [PMID: 9885214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to characterize molecular events contributing to lineage commitment and terminal differentiation of stem/progenitor cells, we have used differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) and cell lines blocked at two distinct stages of differentiation. The cell lines used were EML, which is representative of normal multipotential primitive progenitors (Sca-1(+), CD34(+), c-Kit+, Thy-1(+)) able to differentiate into erythroid, myeloid, and B-lymphoid cells in vitro, and MPRO, which is a more committed progenitor cell line, with characteristics of promyelocytes able to differentiate into granulocytes. One clone isolated by this approach was expressed in MPRO but not in EML cells and contained sequence identical to the 3' untranslated region of D3, a gene cloned from activated peritoneal macrophages of unknown function. We have observed a novel pattern of D3 gene expression and found that D3 is induced in EML cells under conditions that promote myeloid cell differentiation (interleukin-3 [IL-3], stem cell factor [SCF], and all-trans-retinoic acid [atRA]) starting at 2 days, corresponding to the appearance of promyelocytes. D3 RNA expression reached a maximum after 5 days, corresponding to the appearance of neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages, and decreased by day 6 with increased numbers of differentiated neutrophils and macrophages in vitro. Induction of D3 RNA in EML was dependent on IL-3 and was not induced in response to SCF or atRA alone or SCF in combination with 15 other hematopoietic growth factors (HGF) tested. Similarly, D3 was not expressed in the normal bone marrow cell (BMC) counterpart of EML cells, Linlo c-Kit+ Sca-1(+) progenitor cells. D3 RNA expression was induced in these cells when cultured for 7 days in IL-3 plus SCF. A comparison of the expression of D3 RNA in cell lines and normal BMC populations demonstrated that D3 is induced during macrophage and granulocyte differentiation and suggests a potential physiological role for D3 in normal myeloid differentiation.
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